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Ilikci-Sagkan R, Fatma Akin D, Liman R, Muddassir Ali M. In silico analysis of DEL-1 and inflammation-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152838. [PMID: 39089131 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM Twenty to thirty percent of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are caused by lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), especially in smokers and there has been limited study previously evaluating the situation in terms of the genome and gene expression profile, which demonstrates the relationship among DEL-1, leucocyte recruitment, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LUSC. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the current study, the m-RNA expression patterns and mutation profiles of our target genes, such as, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemoattractant molecules, and DEL-1 genes, in 511 LUSC patients. To find the harmful mutations, the PolyPhen-2 and SNAP programs were employed. Not only gene expression was detected, but also survival analysis and correlation between DEL-1 and other target genes' expression levels were explored too. RESULTS Target genes such as, DEL-1, TNF, IL-18, IL-1, CXCL8, CXCL13, and IL-6 were found to have a total genetic anomaly carrying rate of 16.4%. Seven mutations were found, and two of those mutations have a pathogenic aspect. Deep deletion and gene amplification of the genetic anomalies were also observed. According to gene expression analysis results in the LUSC patient group; DEL-1 and IL-6 levels were significantly lower than those of the control group, whereas the CXCL13 level was found to be higher. CONCLUSION Findings of the current study revealed that, there is a significant role of DEL-1 in LUSC pathogenesis. Since present study is an in silico-centered study, this approach can give more insight on experimental studies. These events may support that one of the cancer improvement mechanisms depending on DEL-1 gene at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahsan Ilikci-Sagkan
- Uşak University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Uşak, Türkiye.
| | - Dilara Fatma Akin
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Niğde, Türkiye
| | - Recep Liman
- Uşak University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Uşak, Türkiye
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Yang K, Lu R, Mei J, Cao K, Zeng T, Hua Y, Huang X, Li W, Yin Y. The war between the immune system and the tumor - using immune biomarkers as tracers. Biomark Res 2024; 12:51. [PMID: 38816871 PMCID: PMC11137916 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, immunotherapy is one of the most promising anti-tumor therapeutic strategy. Specifically, immune-related targets can be used to predict the efficacy and side effects of immunotherapy and monitor the tumor immune response. In the past few decades, increasing numbers of novel immune biomarkers have been found to participate in certain links of the tumor immunity to contribute to the formation of immunosuppression and have entered clinical trials. Here, we systematically reviewed the oncogenesis and progression of cancer in the view of anti-tumor immunity, particularly in terms of tumor antigen expression (related to tumor immunogenicity) and tumor innate immunity to complement the cancer-immune cycle. From the perspective of integrated management of chronic cancer, we also appraised emerging factors affecting tumor immunity (including metabolic, microbial, and exercise-related markers). We finally summarized the clinical studies and applications based on immune biomarkers. Overall, immune biomarkers participate in promoting the development of more precise and individualized immunotherapy by predicting, monitoring, and regulating tumor immune response. Therefore, targeting immune biomarkers may lead to the development of innovative clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Kai Cao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Yijia Hua
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China.
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, P. R. China.
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The Importance of the Immune System and Molecular Cell Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021506. [PMID: 36675020 PMCID: PMC9861992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a disease that in recent years has become one of the greatest threats to modern society. Every year there are more and more new cases and the percentage of deaths caused by this type of cancer increases. Despite many studies, scientists are still looking for answers regarding the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, with particular emphasis on the role of the immune system. The aim of this literature review was to present the importance of disorders of the immune system and the accompanying changes at the level of cell signaling in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. The collected results showed that in the process of immunopathogenesis of almost all subtypes of lung cancer, changes in the tumor microenvironment, deregulation of immune checkpoints and abnormalities in cell signaling pathways are involved, which contribute to the multistage and multifaceted carcinogenesis of this type of cancer. We, therefore, suggest that in future studies, researchers should focus on a detailed analysis of tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints, and to validate their validity, perform genetic polymorphism analyses in a wide range of patients and healthy individuals to determine the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer development. In addition, further research related to the analysis of the tumor microenvironment; immune system disorders, with a particular emphasis on immunological checkpoints and genetic differences may contribute to the development of new personalized therapies that improve the prognosis of patients.
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Belić M, Sopić M, Roksandić-Milenković M, Ćeriman V, Guzonijić A, Vukašinović A, Ostanek B, Dimić N, Jovanović D, Kotur-Stevuljević J. Correlation of Short Leukocyte Telomeres and Oxidative Stress with the Presence and Severity of Lung Cancer Explored by Principal Component Analysis. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:59-68. [PMID: 38063002 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second most common malignancy and leading cause of cancer death. The potential "culprit" for local and systemic telomere shortening in LC patients is oxidative stress. We investigated the correlation between the peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) telomere length (TL) and the presence/severity of LC and oxidative stress, and its usefulness as LC diagnostic marker. PBL TL was measured in 89 LC patients and 83 healthy subjects using the modified Cawthon RTq-PCR method. The relative PBL TL, found to be a potential diagnostic marker for LC with very good accuracy (P < 0.001), was significantly shorter in patients compared to the control group (CG) (P < 0.001). Significantly shorter telomeres were found in patients with LC TNM stage IV than in patients with stages I-III (P = 0.014), in patients without therapy compared to those on therapy (P = 0.008), and in patients with partial response and stable/progressive disease compared to those with complete response (P = 0.039). The total oxidant status (TOS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher in patients compared to CG (P < 0.001) and correlated negatively with TL in both patients and CG (P < 0.001). PCA showed a relation between PAB and TL, and between the EGFR status and TL. Oxidative stress and PBL telomere shortening are probably associated with LC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miron Sopić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Vesna Ćeriman
- Institute for Lung Diseases, Thoracic Surgery and Tuberculosis, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Azra Guzonijić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Vukašinović
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nemanja Dimić
- University Clinical-Hospital Center Dr. Dragisa Misovic, Belgrade, Serbia
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Cellular and Molecular Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment and Early-Stage Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105346. [PMID: 35628157 PMCID: PMC9140615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers are broadly divided into two categories: non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which accounts for 80–85% of all cancer cases, and small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which covers the remaining 10–15%. Recent advances in cancer biology and genomics research have allowed an in-depth characterization of lung cancers that have revealed new therapy targets (EGFR, ALK, ROS, and KRAS mutations) and have the potential of revealing even more biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and targeted therapies. A new source of biomarkers is represented by non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are short non-coding RNA sequences that have essential regulatory roles in multiple cancers. Therefore, we aim to investigate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and miRNA tumor profile in a subset of 51 early-stage lung cancer samples (T1 and T2) to better understand early tumor and TME organization and molecular dysregulation. We analyzed the immunohistochemistry expression of CD4 and CD8 as markers of the main TME immune populations, E-cadherin to evaluate early-stage epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and p53, the main altered tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer. Starting from these 4 markers, we identified and validated 4 miRNAs that target TP53 and regulate EMT that can be further investigated as potential early-stage lung cancer biomarkers.
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Rahman ML, Bassig BA, Dai Y, Hu W, Wong JYY, Blechter B, Hosgood HD, Ren D, Duan H, Niu Y, Xu J, Fu W, Meliefste K, Zhou B, Yang J, Ye M, Jia X, Meng T, Bin P, Silverman DT, Vermeulen R, Rothman N, Zheng Y, Lan Q. Proteomic analysis of serum in workers exposed to diesel engine exhaust. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:18-28. [PMID: 34894159 DOI: 10.1002/em.22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen. Using a targeted proteomics approach, we aimed to identify proteins associated with DEE and characterize these markers to understand the mechanisms of DEE-induced carcinogenicity. In this cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study, we measured elemental carbon (EC) using a personal air monitor and quantified 1317 targeted proteins in the serum using the SOMAScan assay (SOMALogic) among 19 diesel exposed factory workers and 19 unexposed controls. We used linear regressions to identify proteins associated with DEE and examined their exposure-response relationship across levels of EC using linear trend tests. We further examined pathway enrichment of DEE-related proteins using MetaCore. Occupational exposure to DEE was associated with altered levels of 22 serum proteins (permutation p < .01). Of these, 13 proteins (CXCL11, HAPLN1, FLT4, CD40LG, PES1, IGHE.IGK..IGL, TNFSF9, PGD, NAGK, CCL25, CCL4L1, PDXK, and PLA2G1B) showed an exposure-response relationship with EC (p trend < .01), with serum levels of all but PLA2G1B declining with increasing air levels of EC. For instance, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11 (CXCL11) showed the most significant association with DEE (β = -0.25; permutation p = .00004), where mean serum levels were 4121.1, 2356.7, and 2298.8 relative fluorescent units among the unexposed, lower exposed (median, range : 56.9, 40.2-62.1 μg/m3 EC), and higher exposed (median, range of EC: 72.9, 66.9-107.7 μg/m3 EC) groups, respectively (p trend = .0005). Pathway analysis suggested that these proteins are enriched in pathways related to inflammation and immune regulation. Our study suggests that DEE exposure is associated with altered serum proteins, which play a role in inflammation and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad L Rahman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yufei Dai
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Batel Blechter
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Danzhi Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kees Meliefste
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jufang Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Bin
- Key laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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