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Role of Microenvironment in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Understanding the Composition and Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:206-216. [PMID: 32496454 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma microenvironment is a dynamic and well-orchestrated network of various immune and stromal cells that is indispensable for tumor cell survival, growth, migration, immune escape, and drug resistance. Recent progress has enhanced our knowledge of the pivotal role of microenvironment in lymphomagenesis. Understanding the characteristics, functions, and contributions of various components of the tumor niche, along with its bidirectional interactions with tumor cells, is paramount. It offers the potential to identify new therapeutic targets with the ability to restore antitumor immune surveillance and eliminate the protumoral factors contributed by the tumor niche.
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Milcent B, Josseaume N, Riller Q, Giglioli I, Rabia E, Deligne C, Latouche JB, Hamieh M, Couture A, Toutirais O, Lone YC, Jeger-Madiot R, Graff-Dubois S, Amorim S, Loiseau P, Toubert A, Brice P, Thieblemont C, Teillaud JL, Sibéril S. Presence of T cells directed against CD20-derived peptides in healthy individuals and lymphoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1561-1572. [PMID: 31494742 PMCID: PMC6805815 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that cancer treatment with antitumor antibodies induces a specific adaptive T cell response. A central role in this process has been attributed to CD4+ T cells, but the relevant T cell epitopes, mostly derived from non-mutated self-antigens, are largely unknown. In this study, we have characterized human CD20-derived epitopes restricted by HLA-DR1, HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4, and HLA-DR7, and investigated whether T cell responses directed against CD20-derived peptides can be elicited in human HLA-DR-transgenic mice and human samples. Based on in vitro binding assays to recombinant human MHC II molecules and on in vivo immunization assays in H-2 KO/HLA-A2+-DR1+ transgenic mice, we have identified 21 MHC II-restricted long peptides derived from intracellular, membrane, or extracellular domains of the human non-mutated CD20 protein that trigger in vitro IFN-γ production by PBMCs and splenocytes from healthy individuals and by PBMCs from follicular lymphoma patients. These CD20-derived MHC II-restricted peptides could serve as a therapeutic tool for improving and/or monitoring anti-CD20 T cell activity in patients treated with rituximab or other anti-CD20 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Milcent
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Josseaume
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Riller
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Ilenia Giglioli
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Emilia Rabia
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Claire Deligne
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Latouche
- Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Mohamad Hamieh
- Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Couture
- Inserm U1245, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Toutirais
- Unicaen, Inserm 1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandie University, Caen, France.,French Blood Service (Etablissement Français du Sang, EFS), Caen, France
| | - Yu-Chun Lone
- Inserm U1014, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Raphaël Jeger-Madiot
- Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infection, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Graff-Dubois
- Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infection, Paris, France
| | - Sandy Amorim
- APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Hemato-oncology, Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1160, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S 1160, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Brice
- APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Hemato-oncology, Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Hemato-oncology, Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,EA7324 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", Sorbonne Université UMRS 1135, INSERM U.1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMRS 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,Cordeliers Research Center-Inserm UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
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Deligne C, Milcent B, Josseaume N, Teillaud JL, Sibéril S. Impact of Depleting Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies on the Host Adaptive Immunity: A Bonus or a Malus? Front Immunol 2017; 8:950. [PMID: 28855903 PMCID: PMC5557783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical responses to anti-tumor monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment have been regarded for many years only as a consequence of the ability of mAbs to destroy tumor cells by innate immune effector mechanisms. More recently, it has also been shown that anti-tumor antibodies can induce a long-lasting anti-tumor adaptive immunity, likely responsible for durable clinical responses, a phenomenon that has been termed the vaccinal effect of antibodies. However, some of these anti-tumor antibodies are directed against molecules expressed both by tumor cells and normal immune cells, in particular lymphocytes, and, hence, can also strongly affect the host adaptive immunity. In addition to a delayed recovery of target cells, lymphocyte depleting-mAb treatments can have dramatic consequences on the adaptive immune cell network, its rebound, and its functional capacities. Thus, in this review, we will not only discuss the mAb-induced vaccinal effect that has emerged from experimental preclinical studies and clinical trials but also the multifaceted impact of lymphocytes-depleting therapeutic antibodies on the host adaptive immunity. We will also discuss some of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action whereby therapeutic mAbs induce a long-term protective anti-tumor effect and the relationship between the mAb-induced vaccinal effect and the immune response against self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deligne
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benoît Milcent
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Josseaume
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM UMR-S 1138, "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape" Laboratory, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universities, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France
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Casey NP, Fujiwara H, Tanimoto K, Okamoto S, Mineno J, Kuzushima K, Shiku H, Yasukawa M. A Functionally Superior Second-Generation Vector Expressing an Aurora Kinase-A-Specific T-Cell Receptor for Anti-Leukaemia Adoptive Immunotherapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156896. [PMID: 27271876 PMCID: PMC4896450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A is a cancer-associated protein normally involved in the regulation of mitosis. Being over-expressed in a range of cancers, it is a suitable target for cell-based immunotherapy. Gene transfer of T-cell receptor sequences cognisant of HLA-A*0201-restricted Aurora Kinase A antigen has previously been shown to transfer specific immunoreactivity against the target peptide in a Human Lymphocyte Antigen-restricted manner. While T cell receptor gene-transfer has great potential in overcoming the difficulties of isolating and expanding tumour-reactive lymphocytes from a patient’s own cells, one hurdle is potential mispairing and competition between exogenous and endogenous T cell receptor chains. We have used a retroviral vector design bearing a short-interfering RNA that downregulates endogenous T cell receptor chains, without affecting expression of the transgenic T cell receptor sequences. The T cell receptor expression cassette also includes a 2A self-cleaving peptide, resulting in equimolar expression of the T cell receptor alpha and beta chains, further enhancing formation of the desired T cell receptor. Via a simple, modular cloning method, we have cloned the alpha and beta chains of the anti-Aurora Kinase A-reactive T cell receptor into this ‘siTCR’ vector. We then compared the activity of this vector against the original, ‘conventional’ vector across a panel of assays. T cell receptors expressed from the siTCR-vector retained the cytotoxic functionality of the original vector, with evidence of reduced off-target reactivity. The rate of expression of correctly-formed T cell receptors was superior using the siTCR design, and this was achieved at lower vector copy numbers. Maintaining T cell receptor efficacy with a reduced vector copy number reduces the risk of genotoxicity. The siTCR design also reduces the risk of mispairing and cross-reactivity, while increasing the functional titre. Such improvements in the safety of T cell receptor gene-transfer will be crucial for clinical applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Paul Casey
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Cancer Vaccine and Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Stromal immune infiltration in HIV-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with HIV disease history and patient survival. AIDS 2015; 29:1943-51. [PMID: 26355571 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding tumor microenvironment and its impact on prognosis of HIV-related lymphomas may provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies. DESIGN We characterized the relationship between infiltrating immune cells with tumor characteristics, HIV disease history and survival in 80 patients with HIV-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) diagnosed in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (1996-2007) at Kaiser Permanente California. Eighty patients with HIV-unrelated DLBCL were included for comparison. METHODS Data on patients' clinical history were obtained from Kaiser Permanente's electronic health records. The density of stromal CD4, CD8 and FOXP3 T cells and CD68 macrophages, as well as tumor molecular characteristics were examined using immunohistochemistry. The associations between stromal immune infiltration and patient's clinical history or tumor characteristics were examined using Kruskal-Wallis tests or Pearson's correlation coefficient. The effect of stromal immune infiltration on 2-year mortality was evaluated in multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with HIV-unrelated DLBCL, patients with HIV-related DLBCL had significantly reduced stromal CD4 and FOXP3 T cells, but increased density of macrophages. Increased density of stromal macrophages was correlated with lower circulating CD4 cell count at DLBCL diagnosis. Tumor molecular characteristics, including BCL6, p53 and cMYC expression, but not Epstein-Barr virus infection status, were significantly correlated with stromal immune infiltration, particularly FOXP3 T cells. A higher density of infiltrating CD8 T cell was significantly associated with reduced mortality in patients with HIV-related DLBCL (odds ratio = 0.30 [0.09-0.97] for ≥25 vs. <10%). CONCLUSION These data provide evidence for the prognostic significance of cytotoxic T cells in determining outcomes of HIV-related lymphoma.
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Zappasodi R, de Braud F, Di Nicola M. Lymphoma Immunotherapy: Current Status. Front Immunol 2015; 6:448. [PMID: 26388871 PMCID: PMC4555084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rationale to treat lymphomas with immunotherapy comes from long-standing evidence on their distinctive immune responsiveness. Indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in particular, establish key interactions with the immune microenvironment to ensure prosurvival signals and prevent antitumor immune activation. However, reports of spontaneous regressions indicate that, under certain circumstances, patients develop therapeutic antitumor immunity. Several immunotherapeutic approaches have been thus developed to boost these effects in all patients. To date, targeting CD20 on malignant B cells with the antibody rituximab has been the most clinically effective strategy. However, relapse and resistance prevent to cure approximately half of B-NHL patients, underscoring the need of more effective therapies. The recognition of B-cell receptor variable regions as B-NHL unique antigens promoted the development of specific vaccines to immunize patients against their own tumor. Despite initial promising results, this strategy has not yet demonstrated a sufficient clinical benefit to reach the regulatory approval. Several novel agents are now available to stimulate immune effector functions or counteract immunosuppressive mechanisms, such as engineered antitumor T cells, co-stimulatory receptor agonist, and immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies. Thus, multiple elements can now be exploited in more effective combinations to break the barriers for the induction of anti-lymphoma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zappasodi
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY , USA
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Massimo Di Nicola
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy ; Unit of Immunotherapy and Anticancer Innovative Therapeutics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
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Abu-Khader A, Krause S. Rapid monitoring of immune reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation - a comparison of different assays for the detection of cytomegalovirus-specific T cells. Eur J Haematol 2013; 91:534-45. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu-Khader
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital of Regensburg; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Faculty of Allied Health Sciences; The Hashemite University; Zarqa Jordan
| | - Stefan Krause
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital of Regensburg; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 5 - Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital of Erlangen; University of Erlangen-Nuernberg; Erlangen Germany
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Palomba ML. Active immunotherapy: current state of the art in vaccine approaches for NHL. Curr Oncol Rep 2013; 14:433-40. [PMID: 22843515 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-012-0255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune therapy of cancer is a rapidly evolving field, with long-deserved successes now finally achieved. As new pathways triggered by the immune synapsis are elucidated, and new molecules responsible for immune checkpoints are being discovered, it is becoming clear that vaccination against a single antigen aided by non-specific immune stimulation is not sufficient for an efficient, long term, immune response. Though lymphoma is a highly curable malignancy, there is still a subset of patients that is at very high risk of disease relapse even after successfully completing chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant. Patients with minimal residual disease are particularly suitable for vaccination. Over the past 3 decades, the classic model of lymphoma-specific idiotype vaccine has evolved and recent data on vaccination with nonspecific oligodeoxynucleotides has provided very encouraging results. Furthermore, the introduction of checkpoint blockade via agonist or antagonist monoclonal antibodies holds the promise of significant improvement in the efficacy of future vaccines. What follows is a brief summary of the historical highlights in lymphoma immunotherapy as well as an update on the most recently published clinical trials and a look at future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lia Palomba
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
In addition to malignant cells, the tumor microenvironment also includes nonmalignant cells, secreted proteins, and blood vessels that surround and support the growth of the tumor. Interactions between the various components of the tumor microenvironment are significant; tumor cells can change the nature of the microenvironment, and conversely, the microenvironment can affect how a tumor grows and spreads. The structure and composition of the tumor microenvironment varies among different types of cancers and between patients. This paper focuses on the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment in hematologic malignancies with a specific focus on B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Ansell
- From the Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Abrahamson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Identification of an alternative CD20 transcript variant in B-cell malignancies coding for a novel protein associated to rituximab resistance. Blood 2010; 115:2420-9. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-229112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHuman CD20 is a B-cell lineage–specific marker expressed by normal and leukemic B cells from the pre-B to the plasma-cell stages and is a target for rituximab (RTX) immunotherapy. A CD20 reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on B-cell lines cDNA yielded a short PCR product (ΔCD20) corresponding to a spliced mRNA transcript linking the exon 3 and exon 7 ends. We established here that this novel, alternatively spliced CD20 transcript is expressed and detectable at various levels in leukemic B cells, lymphoma B cells, in vivo tonsil- or in vitro CD40L-activated B cells, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–transformed B cells, but not in resting CD19+- or CD20+-sorted B cells from peripheral blood or bone marrow of healthy donors. The truncated CD20 sequence is within the reading frame, codes a protein of 130 amino acids (∼ 15-17 kDa) lacking large parts of the 4 transmembrane segments, suggesting that ΔCD20 is a nonanchored membrane protein. We demonstrated the translation into a ΔCD20 protein which is associated with the membrane CD20 protein and showed its involvement in RTX resistance. Study of patient samples before and after RTX resistance or escape confirms our in vitro findings.
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Grube M, Moritz S, Obermann EC, Rezvani K, Mackensen A, Andreesen R, Holler E. CD8+ T cells Reactive to Survivin Antigen in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:1053-60. [PMID: 17289902 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Survivin is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis family and is overexpressed in different types of malignancies. Cytotoxic T cells recognizing survivin epitopes can be elicited in vitro and by vaccination in patients with leukemia, breast cancer, and melanoma. We did this study to investigate whether survivin-specific CD8+ T cells occur in patients with multiple myeloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An HLA-A2.1-binding survivin peptide was used to detect peptide-specific T cells by a quantitative real-time PCR to measure antigen-specific IFN-gamma mRNA expression in 23 patients with myeloma and 21 healthy volunteers. T cells producing IFN-gamma in response to survivin were further analyzed for expression of CD45RA and CCR7 to determine phenotypic characterization. Additional immunohistochemical analyses of survivin antigen expression in bone marrow specimens of patients was done. RESULTS T cells recognizing HLA-A2.1-binding survivin peptide were detected in 9 of 23 patients and in 1 of 21 healthy volunteers. Survivin-reactive T cells were identified as terminally differentiated effector T cells (CD8+, CD45RA+, and CCR7-). Positive survivin expression of myeloma cells in bone marrow specimens was shown in 7 of 11 patients. CONCLUSION We provide, for the first time, evidence of T cell reactivity against survivin antigen in patients with multiple myeloma. Our data suggest the immunogenicity of survivin antigen in multiple myeloma and that immunotherapeutic strategies using survivin as a target antigen might be an option for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Grube
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Mellstedt H, Choudhury A. T and B cells in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: Faust, Mephistopheles and the pact with the Devil. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:210-20. [PMID: 15906026 PMCID: PMC11029856 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A large number of human malignancies are associated with decreased numbers of circulating T cells. B-CLL, in this regard, represents an anomaly since there is not only high numbers of circulating B cells, characteristic of the malignancy, but also a massive expansion of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These T cells for the most part may probably not represent a leukaemia-specific TCR-dependent expansion. On the contrary, these T cells, especially the CD4 subset, might support a "microenvironment" sustaining the growth of the leukaemic B cell clone. Conversely, the leukaemic B cells may produce membrane-bound as well as soluble factors that stimulate the proliferation of these T cells in an antigen independent manner. In addition to these T cells lacking anti-leukaemic reactivity, there exist spontaneously occurring leukaemia-specific T cells recognizing several leukaemia-associated antigens, e.g. the tumour derived idiotype, survivin and telomerase. Both CD4 and CD8 leukaemia-specific T cells have been identified using proliferation and gamma-IFN assays. These reactive T cells can lyse autologous tumour cells in an MHC class I and II restricted manner. Spontaneously occurring leukaemia-specific T cells are more frequently noted at an indolent stage rather than in progressive disease. Preliminary results from vaccination trials using whole tumour cell preparations as vaccine have demonstrated that vaccination may induce a leukaemia-specific T cell response, which might be associated with clinical benefits. Extended clinical trials are required to establish the therapeutic effects of vaccination in B-CLL. Studies in our laboratory as well as those of others indicate that whole tumour cell antigen in the form of apoptotic bodies or RNA loaded on to dendritic cells may be a suitable vaccine candidate. Patients with low stage disease may maximally benefit from this form of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Mellstedt
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Anichini A, Mortarini R, Romagnoli L, Baldassari P, Cabras A, Carlo-Stella C, Gianni AM, Di Nicola M. Skewed T-cell differentiation in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma reversed by ex vivo T-cell culture with gammac cytokines. Blood 2005; 107:602-9. [PMID: 16150945 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-06-2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfavorable clinical evolution in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas suggests defective control of neoplastic growth by the immune system. To address this issue, we evaluated phenotype, function, and maturation profile of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from peripheral-blood, lymph nodes, or bone marrow of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) at diagnosis. T cells from these patients frequently showed an activated but apoptosis-prone phenotype with low frequency of tumor-reactive T cells showing a TH2/Tc2 functional profile in the response to autologous tumor. In peripheral blood or in lymph nodes and bone marrow, and, in comparison to healthy donors, patients' T cells showed a skewed differentiation toward Tnaive and Tcentral memory stages, with low expression of granzyme B and perforin. T-cell culture with autologous tumor in the presence of IL-2, IL-15, and autologous bone marrow-derived cells led to massive T-cell expansion and to differentiation of cytotoxic factor(+) CD8(+) T cells releasing IFN-gamma and killing autologous B-cell tumor in an HLA-class I-restricted fashion. These results suggest impaired T-cell differentiation to effector stage in patients with B-cell NHL, but indicate that T-cell responsiveness to gammac cytokines is retained, thus allowing to promote generation of antitumor T cells for immune intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Anichini
- Human Tumor Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Fujiwara H, Melenhorst JJ, El Ouriaghli F, Kajigaya S, Grube M, Sconocchia G, Rezvani K, Price DA, Hensel NF, Douek DC, Barrett AJ. In vitro induction of myeloid leukemia-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells by CD40 ligand-activated B cells gene modified to express primary granule proteins. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:4495-503. [PMID: 15958635 PMCID: PMC2366103 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The primary granule proteins (PGP) of myeloid cells are a source of multiple antigens with immunotherapeutic potential for myeloid leukemias. Therefore, we developed a method to induce T-cell responses to PGP protein sequences. We found that gene-transfected antigen-presenting cells efficiently expand functionally competent PGP-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. The system was optimized using T-cell responses to autologous CD40-activated B cells (CD40-B) transfected with a cytomegalovirus pp65-encoding expression vector. To generate leukemia-specific T cells, expression vectors encoding the PGP proteinase 3 (PR3), human neutrophil elastase, and cathepsin-G were transfected into CD40-B cells to stimulate post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation T cells from five patients with myeloid and three with lymphoid leukemias. T-cell responses to PGP proteinase 3 and human neutrophil elastase were observed in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells only in patients with myeloid leukemias. T-cell responses against cathepsin-G occurred in both myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemias. T cells from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and from a posttransplant CML patient, expanded against PGP, produced IFN-gamma or were cytotoxic to the patient's CML cells, demonstrating specific antileukemic efficacy. This study emphasizes the clinical potential of PGP for expansion and adoptive transfer of polyclonal leukemia antigen-specific T cells to treat leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/immunology
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- CD40 Ligand/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cathepsin G
- Cathepsins/genetics
- Cathepsins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Expression
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Leukocyte Elastase/genetics
- Leukocyte Elastase/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Myeloblastin
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - J. Joseph Melenhorst
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Frank El Ouriaghli
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Matthias Grube
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - David A. Price
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy F. Hensel
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A. John Barrett
- Stem Cell Allotransplant Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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15
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Palomba ML, Roberts WK, Dao T, Manukian G, Guevara-Patiño JA, Wolchok JD, Scheinberg DA, Houghton AN. CD8+ T-Cell–Dependent Immunity Following Xenogeneic DNA Immunization against CD20 in a Tumor Challenge Model of B-Cell Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.370.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The CD20 B-cell differentiation antigen is an attractive target for immunotherapy of B-cell lymphomas. In an experimental lymphoma model, BALB/c mice were immunized with mouse or human CD20 cDNA (mCD20 and hCD20, respectively) or their extracellular domains (minigenes). IFNγ secretion by CD8+ T cells against CD20 was detected in mice vaccinated with hCD20 or human minigene, indicating that hCD20-primed CD8+ T cells recognize syngeneic CD20. Systemic challenge with syngeneic A20 cells, an aggressive lymphoma, resulted in long-term survival in a subset of immunized mice. Overall long-term survival was 14% in groups vaccinated with the human minigene versus 4% in control groups (P < 0.001). CD8+ T-cell depletion during the effector phase completely abrogated this effect. Antibodies against a recombinant mouse CD20 protein produced in insect cells were detected in mice immunized with hCD20 DNA and human and mouse minigene, but not in mice receiving mCD20 DNA. These results show that active immunization with xenogeneic DNA vaccines can induce CD8+ T cell–dependent immunity against CD20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lia Palomba
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wendy K. Roberts
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tao Dao
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gregory Manukian
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jose A. Guevara-Patiño
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan N. Houghton
- Department of Medicine and Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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16
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Abstract
A mixed population of lymphocytes from a healthy donor co-existed with an established culture of allogeneic chondrosarcoma cells, during which time the tumor cells changed from malignantly transformed to benign fibroblast-like morphology; from multilayered to a monolayered growth pattern; lost their potency to grow in colonies in soft agar; and showed signs of senescence. A discussion of possible molecular mechanisms for this event is offered. If there are as yet undiscovered lymphokines that can induce reversal of the malignant geno/phenotype, the cognate gene(s) should be cloned for genetic engineering and for the mass production of the corresponding molecular mediators for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Sinkovics
- Cancer Institue, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, The University of South Florida College of Medicine, 3001 W Dr Martinr Luther King Jr Blvd, Tampa, USA
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