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Shirima CA, Bleotu C, Spandidos DA, El-Naggar AK, Pircalabioru GG, Michalopoulos I. Epithelial‑derived head and neck squamous tumourigenesis (Review). Oncol Rep 2024; 52:141. [PMID: 39219259 PMCID: PMC11358675 DOI: 10.3892/or.2024.8800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), a heterogeneous group of cancers that arise from the mucosal epithelia cells in the head and neck areas, present great challenges in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis due to their complex aetiology and various clinical manifestations. Several factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, oncogenic genes, growth factors, Epstein‑Barr virus and human papillomavirus infections can contribute to HNSCC development. The unpredictable tumour microenvironment adds to the complexity of managing HNSCC. Despite significant advances in therapies, the prediction of outcome after treatment for patients with HNSCC remains poor, and the 5‑year overall survival rate is low due to late diagnosis. Early detection greatly increases the chances of successful treatment. The present review aimed to bring together the latest findings related to the molecular mechanisms of HNSCC carcinogenesis and progression. Comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, microbiome and proteomic analyses allow researchers to identify important biological markers such as genetic alterations, gene expression signatures and protein markers that drive HNSCC tumours. These biomarkers associated with the stages of initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer are useful in the management of patients with cancer in order to improve their life expectancy and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Adolfu Shirima
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Department, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | | | - Ioannis Michalopoulos
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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2
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Sekihara K, Himuro H, Toda S, Saito N, Hirayama R, Suganuma N, Sasada T, Hoshino D. Recent Trends and Potential of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1286. [PMID: 38927493 PMCID: PMC11201408 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy characterized by advanced disease at diagnosis and a poor prognosis. Despite multimodal therapeutic approaches that include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, an optimal treatment strategy remains elusive. Current developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapy offer promising avenues for improved outcomes, particularly for BRAF-mutant patients. However, challenges remain regarding overcoming drug resistance and developing effective treatments for BRAF-wild-type tumors. This comprehensive review examines the clinical and biological features of ATC, outlines the current standards of care, and discusses recent developments with a focus on the evolving role of radiotherapy. Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach and highlights the urgent need for further research to better understand ATC pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets. Collaborative efforts, including large-scale clinical trials, are essential for translating these findings into improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Sekihara
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Biospecimen Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Himuro
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (H.H.); (T.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
| | - Soji Toda
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama 2320024, Japan
| | - Nao Saito
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Biospecimen Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 2638555, Japan;
| | - Nobuyasu Suganuma
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan;
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (H.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Cancer Biology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 2418515, Japan; (K.S.); (S.T.); (N.S.)
- Biospecimen Center, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama 2418515, Japan
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Denaro N, Romanò R, Alfieri S, Dolci A, Licitra L, Nuzzolese I, Ghidini M, Bareggi C, Bertaglia V, Solinas C, Garrone O. The Tumor Microenvironment and the Estrogen Loop in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092458. [PMID: 37173925 PMCID: PMC10177023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) cells employ multiple signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/Raf/MAPK, fostering cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. Through a complex interplay with immune cells, inflammatory mediators and stroma, TC cells support an immunosuppressive, inflamed, pro-carcinogenic TME. Moreover, the participation of estrogens in TC pathogenesis has previously been hypothesized, in view of the higher TC incidence observed among females. In this respect, the interactions between estrogens and the TME in TC could represent a relevant, unexplored area of research. We thereby collectively reviewed the available evidence concerning the potential carcinogenic role of estrogens in TC, specifically focusing on their crosstalk with the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerina Denaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Romanò
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Dolci
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Imperia Nuzzolese
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bareggi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertaglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, Policlinico di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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4
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Lang M, Longerich T, Anamaterou C. Targeted therapy with vemurafenib in BRAF(V600E)-mutated anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid Res 2023; 16:5. [PMID: 36855200 PMCID: PMC9976495 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-023-00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, representing less than 5% of all thyroid carcinomas. Τhe median survival is limited to months due to the resistance of ATC to surgery, radioiodine therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review will cover novel agents involving several cellular signaling pathways including the BRAF pathway. The BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib improves survival among patients with metastatic melanoma, hairy-cell leukemia and intracranial neoplasms with BRAF gene mutations. The frequency of a BRAF (V600E) mutation in ATC is about 25%. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of a marked partial response to adjuvant first line monotherapy with vemurafenib in BRAF V600E-mutated ATC. The 78-year-old man showed a sustained response for 7 months, thereafter scans revealed progressive disease and the patient died 10 months after first diagnosis. This case report is accompanied by a comprehensive review of current strategies and tools for ATC treatment. CONCLUSIONS This case and the review of current data confirm the benefit of BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated ATC, limited by acquired resistance to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lang
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Longerich
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chrysanthi Anamaterou
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Al-Abdallah A, Jahanbani I, Ali RH, Al-Brahim N, Prasanth J, Al-Shammary B, Al-Bader M. A new paradigm for epidermal growth factor receptor expression exists in PTC and NIFTP regulated by microRNAs. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080008. [PMID: 37114127 PMCID: PMC10126268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intoduction Identification of molecular alterations associated with tumor behavior is necessary to guide clinical management. The 2022 WHO classification has organized the thyroid follicular cell-derived neoplasms into benign, low-risk and high-risk neoplasms, and emphasized the value of biomarkers that may provide differential diagnostic and prognostic information to avoid overtreatment of low risk neoplasms. This work aims to study the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, functional and spatial dynamics in relation to specific miRNAs alterations in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and in non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) considered as models of high-risk and low-risk thyroid tumors respectively. Methods Primary thyroid cultured cells were used for miRNA gain/loss of function and luciferase reporter assays. Paraffin embedded tissues were used for real time PCR, immuno-fluorescence stain and confocal microscopy experiments. Results Our results showed that in PTC, EGFR mRNA is reduced as an effect of miR-146b-5p upregulation. The EGF expression is low and the ERK pathway is inhibited. The EGFR protein high cytoplasmic expression and colocalization with the endosomal/exosomal markers, ALIX and CD63, suggest the occurrence of stress-induced EGFR internalization, accumulation in endosomal vesicles and secretion via exosomes. In NIFTP EGFR transcription is increased in association with downregulation of miR-7-5p and the EGFR/ERK pathway is active indicating dependence on the canonical EGFR pathway for growth. Conclusion Downregulation of transcript level along with cytoplasmic accumulation of undegraded protein is a new pattern of EGFR regulation associated with malignancy in thyroid. Further research is needed to elucidate the intracellular trafficking defects responsible for this specific EGFR dynamic in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Abdallah
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Abeer Al-Abdallah,
| | - Iman Jahanbani
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rola H. Ali
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jeena Prasanth
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Bashayer Al-Shammary
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maie Al-Bader
- Physiology Department, Kuwait University, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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6
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Fuziwara CS, Kimura ET. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to Edit a Thyroid Cancer Cell Line. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1429:73-84. [PMID: 37486517 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33325-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, comprising multiple types of cancer, with distinct clinical-pathological characteristics. The oncogenesis of thyroid cancer is related to genetic alterations in MAPK signaling that induce proliferation and modulate noncoding genes, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. In this context, CRISPR/Cas9 emerges as a potential tool to modify gene sequence and modulate gene expression in thyroid cancer cell lines. In this chapter, we explore some of the current studies in which researchers have applied CRISPR/Cas9 in vitro to investigate thyroid cancer biology (Fig. 5.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Yuan J, Guo Y. Targeted Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Advances and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010179. [PMID: 36612173 PMCID: PMC9818071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and highly fatal cancer with the worst prognosis of all thyroid carcinoma (TC) histological subtypes and no standard treatment. In recent years, the explosion of investigations on ATC-targeted agents has provided a new treatment strategy for this malignant condition, and a review of these studies is warranted. We conducted a comprehensive literature search for ATC-targeted drug studies and compiled a summary of their efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) to provide new insights. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib in combination with trametinib for the treatment of ATC, but vemurafenib and NTRK inhibitors showed limited clinical responses. We found that the previously valued therapeutic effect of lenvatinib may be unsatisfactory; combining tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors (TKIs) with other agents results in a higher rate of clinical benefit. In addition, specific medications, including RET inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and Combretastatin A4-phosphate (CA4P), offer tremendous therapeutic potential. The AEs reported for all agents are relatively numerous but largely manageable clinically. More clinical trials are expected to further confirm the effectiveness and safety of these targeted drugs for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Yuan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310001, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Heriyanto DS, Laiman V, Limantara NV, Anantawikrama WP, Yuliani FS, Cempaka R, Anwar SL. High frequency of KRAS and EGFR mutation profiles in BRAF-negative thyroid carcinomas in Indonesia. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:369. [PMID: 36510281 PMCID: PMC9743704 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid cancer incidence has steadily increased in Indonesia. However, data on Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) and EGFR mutations in thyroid cancer in Indonesia remain unavailable, except for BRAF-V600E, the most common BRAF gene mutation. This study aimed to analyze KRAS and EGFR mutation profiles in BRAF-V600E negative thyroid cancer samples. RESULTS BRAF-V600E mutations were found in papillary thyroid carcinomas in 40.3% patients with mean age of 53 years old. In BRAF-V600E-negative samples, 41.3% had KRAS mutations with mean age of 55.5 years old. KRAS mutation was found in 52.6% of follicular carcinomas and 47.4% of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Additionally, 45.7% had EGFR mutations in patients with mean age of 50.5 years old. EGFR mutation was found in 71.4% of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 28.6% of follicular carcinoma. Nearly half of the BRAF-V600E negative thyroid carcinoma samples harbored either KRAS or EGFR mutations. This finding suggests that in BRAF-V600E negative thyroid carcinoma samples, testing for RAS and EGFR mutation may be warranted for further therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Vincent Laiman
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Nikko Vanda Limantara
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Widyan Putra Anantawikrama
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Fara Silvia Yuliani
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Rita Cempaka
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Farmako Street, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
| | - Sumadi Lukman Anwar
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Surgery, Subdivision of Oncology Surgery; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia
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Boutin A, Marcus-Samuels B, Eliseeva E, Neumann S, Gershengorn MC. Opposing Effects of EGF Receptor Signaling on Proliferation and Differentiation Initiated by EGF or TSH/EGF Receptor Transactivation. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac136. [PMID: 36281035 PMCID: PMC9761572 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of thyroid cells by thyrotropin (TSH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been known but different effects of these regulators on proliferation and differentiation have been reported. We studied these responses in primary cultures of human thyroid cells to determine whether TSH receptor (TSHR) signaling may involve EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation. We confirm that EGF stimulates proliferation and de-differentiation whereas TSH causes differentiation in the absence of other growth factors. We show that TSH/TSHR transactivates EGFR and characterize it as follows: (1) TSH-induced upregulation of thyroid-specific genes is inhibited by 2 inhibitors of EGFR kinase activity, AG1478 and erlotinib; (2) the mechanism of transactivation is independent of an extracellular EGFR ligand by showing that 2 antibodies, cetuximab and panitumumab, that completely inhibited binding of EGFR ligands to EGFR had no effect on transactivation, and by demonstrating that no EGF was detected in media conditioned by thyrocytes incubated with TSH; (3) TSH/TSHR transactivation of EGFR is different than EGFR activation by EGF by showing that EGF led to rapid phosphorylation of EGFR whereas transactivation occurred in the absence of receptor phosphorylation; (4) EGF caused downregulation of EGFR whereas transactivation had no effect on EGFR level; (5) EGF and TSH stimulation converged on the protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, because TSH, like EGF, stimulated phosphorylation of AKT that was inhibited by EGFR inhibitors; and (6) TSH-induced upregulation of thyroid genes was inhibited by the AKT inhibitor MK2206. Thus, TSH/TSHR causes EGFR transactivation that is independent of extracellular EGFR ligand and in part mediates TSH regulation of thyroid hormone biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Boutin
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bernice Marcus-Samuels
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena Eliseeva
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susanne Neumann
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marvin C Gershengorn
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ohno K, Shibata T, Ito KI. Epidermal growth factor receptor activation confers resistance to lenvatinib in thyroid cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3193-3210. [PMID: 35723021 PMCID: PMC9459297 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. A multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lenvatinib, has been used for the treatment of advanced thyroid cancer. To elucidate the mechanism of resistance to lenvatinib in thyroid cancer cells, we established lenvatinib‐resistant sublines and analyzed the molecular mechanisms of resistance. Two thyroid cancer cell lines (TPC‐1 and FRO) were used, and resistant sublines for lenvatinib (TPC‐1/LR, FRO/LR) were established. In TPC‐1/LR, the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), and Akt was enhanced whereas in FRO/LR, the phosphorylation of EGFR and downstream signal transduction molecules was not enhanced. The addition of epidermal growth factor decreased sensitivity to lenvatinib in TPC‐1 and FRO. The combination of EGFR inhibitors lapatinib and lenvatinib significantly inhibited the growth of TPC‐1/LR in both in vitro and mouse xenograft models. Short‐term exposure to lenvatinib enhanced the phosphorylation of EGFR in six thyroid cancer cell lines regardless of their histological origin or driver gene mutations; however, phosphorylation of ERK was enhanced in all cells except TPC‐1. A synergistic growth‐inhibitory effect was observed in three thyroid cancer cell lines, including intrinsically lenvatinib‐resistant cells. The results indicate that signal transduction via the EGFR pathway may be involved in the development of lenvatinib resistance in thyroid cancer cells. The inhibition of the EGFR pathway simultaneously by an EGFR inhibitor may have therapeutic potential for overcoming lenvatinib resistance in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ohno
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ito
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
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11
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Wang H, Yu Y, Wang K, Sun H. Bibliometric Insights in Advances of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Research Landscapes, Turning Points, and Global Trends. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769807. [PMID: 34900720 PMCID: PMC8652235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid cancers are the most common endocrine malignancies with a dramatic increase in incidences. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare but deadly form among thyroid cancers. To better understand of this field, we assessed the global scientific outputs and tried to depict its overview via bibliometric methods. Methods Approximately 1,492 science publications published between 1997 and 2020 were included by systematic retrieval in the WoS database. The general information of them was characterized, and the developmental skeleton and research frontiers were explored. Results The article number in this field has been increasing in the past 24 years. North America, East Asia, and Western Europe have reached remarkable achievements. Mutations of BARF and TERT and their downstream pathways have attracted researchers’ attention, where genetic diagnosis provides new clinical insight and several targeted therapeutic approaches have been on the clinical trial. Conclusions Numerous efforts have been made to figure out gene expression reprogramming of anaplastic thyroid cancer and key mechanism in driving its dedifferentiation, invasion and migration process. Targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and systematic combination therapy are the recent current research hotspots. These results provide insightful clues for the funding direction and the potential breakthrough direction of the anaplastic thyroid cancer study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Estrogenic hormones receptors in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7517-7526. [PMID: 34657250 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are hormones that play a critical role during development and growth for the adequate functioning of the reproductive system of women, as well as for maintaining bones, metabolism, and cognition. During menopause, the levels of estrogens are decreased, altering their signaling mediated by their intracellular receptors such as estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In the brain, the reduction of molecular pathways mediated by estrogenic receptors seems to favor the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in postmenopausal women. In this review, we investigate the participation of estrogen receptors in AD in women during aging.
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13
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Marotta V, Chiofalo MG, Di Gennaro F, Daponte A, Sandomenico F, Vallone P, Costigliola L, Botti G, Ionna F, Pezzullo L. Kinase-inhibitors for iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: still far from a structured therapeutic algorithm. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 162:103353. [PMID: 34000414 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinase-inhibitors (KIs) sorafenib and lenvatinib demonstrated efficacy in iodine-refractory DTC upon phase III studies. However, evidence allowing a punctual balance of benefits and risks is poor. Furthermore, the lack of a direct comparison hampers to establish the proper sequence of administration. However, some insights may provided: a) indirect comparison between phase III trials showed milder toxicity for sorafenib, which should be preferred in case of cardiovascular comorbidities; b) prospective evidence of efficacy in KIs pre-treated patients is available only for lenvatinib, which should be used as second-line. Promising activity was found for the majority of other tested KIs, but no placebo-controlled trials are available. Emerging, but still early, frontiers include the restoration of iodine-sensitivity and the selective activity on pathogenic mutations. In conclusion, the use of KIs in iodine-refractory DTC is far from a structured therapeutic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Marotta
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica Della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Chiofalo
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica Della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Gennaro
- Struttura Complessa Medicina Nucleare e Terapia Metabolica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Daponte
- Struttura Complessa Oncologia Clinica Sperimentale Testa-Collo e Muscolo-Scheletrica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Sandomenico
- Struttura Complessa Radiodiagnostica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Vallone
- Struttura Complessa Radiodiagnostica, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Costigliola
- Unità Operativa Compessa Di Chirugia Generale, d'Urgenza e Metabolica, Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Struttura Complessa Anatomia Patologica e Citopatologia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Ionna
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica Maxillo-Facciale Ed ORL, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciano Pezzullo
- Struttura Complessa Chirurgia Oncologica Della Tiroide, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Irccs - Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, Italy.
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14
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Mollaei M, Hassan ZM, Khorshidi F, Langroudi L. Chemotherapeutic drugs: Cell death- and resistance-related signaling pathways. Are they really as smart as the tumor cells? Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101056. [PMID: 33684837 PMCID: PMC7938256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancer cells or control their progression all over the patient's body, while radiation- and surgery-based treatments perform in a particular site. Based on their mechanisms of action, they are classified into different groups, including alkylating substrates, antimetabolite agents, anti-tumor antibiotics, inhibitors of topoisomerase I and II, mitotic inhibitors, and finally, corticosteroids. Although chemotherapeutic drugs have brought about more life expectancy, two major and severe complications during chemotherapy are chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Therefore, we aimed to review the underlying intracellular signaling pathways involved in cell death and resistance in different chemotherapeutic drug families to clarify the shortcomings in the conventional single chemotherapy applications. Moreover, we have summarized the current combination chemotherapy applications, including numerous combined-, and encapsulated-combined-chemotherapeutic drugs. We further discussed the possibilities and applications of precision medicine, machine learning, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in promoting cancer immunotherapies. Finally, some of the recent clinical trials concerning the application of immunotherapies and combination chemotherapies were included as well, in order to provide a practical perspective toward the future of therapies in cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Khorshidi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Langroudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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15
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Amaral M, Charmier AJ, Afonso RA, Catarino J, Faísca P, Carvalho L, Ascensão L, Coelho JMP, Gaspar MM, Reis CP. Gold-Based Nanoplataform for the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Step Forward. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1242. [PMID: 33808984 PMCID: PMC8218498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a very rare subtype of thyroid carcinoma and one of the most lethal malignancies. Poor prognosis is mainly associated with its undifferentiated nature, inoperability, and failing to respond to the typically used therapies for thyroid cancer. Photothermal Therapy (PTT) entails using light to increase tissues' temperature, leading to hyperthermia-mediated cell death. Tumours are more susceptible to heat as they are unable to dissipate it. By using functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that transform light energy into heat, it is possible to target the heat to the tumour. This study aims to formulate ATC-targeted AuNPs able to convert near-infrared light into heat, for PTT of ATC. Different AuNPs were synthetized and coated. Size, morphology, and surface plasmon resonances band were determined. The optimized coated-AuNPs were then functionalized with ligands to assess ATC's specificity. Safety, efficacy, and selectivity were assessed in vitro. The formulations were deemed safe when not irradiated (>70% cell viability) and selective for ATC. However, when irradiated, holo-transferrin-AuNPs were the most cytotoxic (22% of cell viability). The biodistribution and safety of this formulation was assessed in vivo. Overall, this novel formulation appears to be a highly promising approach to evaluate in a very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Amaral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Adília J. Charmier
- DREAMS, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo A. Afonso
- Ciências Funcionais e Alvos Terapêuticos, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Catarino
- Laboratório Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária—Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias/DNAtech, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Laboratório Veterinário, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária—Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias/DNAtech, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Central Testing Laboratory, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Lia Ascensão
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - João M. P. Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - M. Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica (IBEB), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
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16
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Zhang Q, Hu M, Wu H, Niu Q, Lu X, He J, Huang F. Plasma polybrominated diphenyl ethers, urinary heavy metals and the risk of thyroid cancer: A case-control study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116162. [PMID: 33303234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased rapidly worldwide in recent years. Exposure to endocrine disruptors can affect thyroid hormones and is probably carcinogenic to humans. The effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As and Hg) on risk of TC have been rarely reported. Hence, we aimed to examine the associations of TC risk with exposure to PBDEs and four heavy metals. This case-control study involved 308 TC cases and 308 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma PBDEs concentrations were determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of heavy metals concentrations in urine specimens were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models were used to explore associations of PBDEs and 4 heavy metals exposures with TC risk. A joint-effect interaction term was inserted into the logistic regression models to assess the multiplicative interaction effects of PBDEs-heavy metals on TC risk. Some PBDE congeners (BDE-028, -047, -099, -183, -209) were positively correlated with TC risk. As and Hg were also associated with the increased TC risk. Compared with low exposure levels, participants with high exposure levels of As and Hg were 5.35 and 2.98 times more likely to have TC, respectively. Co-exposure to BDE-209 and Pb had a negative interaction effect on TC risk. Some PBDE congeners (e.g. BDE-028, -047, -209) and Hg had a significant positive interaction effect on the risk of TC. The joint exposure of BDE-183 and Hg showed a negative interaction effect on TC risk, but the corresponding OR value was still statistically significant. Exposure to PBDEs, As and Hg may be associated with TC development. Joint exposure to PBDEs and Pb or Hg has interaction effects on TC risk. Further prospective research with large sample is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Huabing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Qingshan Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xuelei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Jialiu He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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17
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De Leo S, Trevisan M, Fugazzola L. Recent advances in the management of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Thyroid Res 2020; 13:17. [PMID: 33292371 PMCID: PMC7684758 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-020-00091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is undoubtedly the thyroid cancer histotype with the poorest prognosis. The conventional treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy. Surgery should be as complete as possible, securing the airway and ensuring access for nutritional support; the current standard of care of radiotherapy is the intensity-modulated radiation therapy; chemotherapy includes the use of doxorubicin or taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) generally with platin (cisplatin or carboplatin). However, frequently, these treatments are not sufficient and a systemic treatment with kinase inhibitors is necessary. These include multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Lenvatinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib, Axitinib, Pazopanib, Pyrazolo-pyrimidine compounds), single target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Dabrafenib plus Trametinib and Vemurafenib against BRAF, Gefitinib against EGFR, PPARγ ligands (e.g. Efatutazone), Everolimus against mTOR, vascular disruptors (e.g. Fosbretabulin), and immunotherapy (e.g. Spartalizumab and Pembrolizumab, which are anti PD-1/PD-L1 molecules). Therapy should be tailored to the patients and to the tumor genetic profile. A BRAF mutation analysis is mandatory, but a wider evaluation of tumor mutational status (e.g. by next-generation sequencing) is desirable. When a BRAFV600E mutation is detected, treatment with Dabrafenib and Trametinib should be preferred: this combination has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic ATC with BRAFV600E mutation and with no satisfactory locoregional treatment options. Alternatively, Lenvatinib, regardless of mutational status, reported good results and was approved in Japan for treating unresectable tumors. Other single target mutation agents with fair results are Everolimus when a mutation involving the PI3K/mTOR pathway is detected, Imatinib in case of PDGF-receptors overexpression, and Spartalizumab in case of PD-L1 positive tumors. Several trials are currently evaluating the possible beneficial role of a combinatorial therapy in ATC. Since in this tumor several genetic alterations are usually found, the aim is to inhibit or disrupt several pathways: these combination strategies use therapy targeting angiogenesis, survival, proliferation, and may act against both MAPK and PI3K pathways. Investigating new treatment options is eagerly awaited since, to date, even the molecules with the best radiological results have not been able to provide a durable disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone De Leo
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia, 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Trevisan
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia, 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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18
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Sultana R, Kataki AC, Barthakur BB, Sarma A, Bose S. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of breast cancer patients from Northeast India with special reference to triple negative breast cancer: A prospective study. Curr Probl Cancer 2020; 44:100556. [PMID: 32044043 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2020.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular pathogenesis of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inconclusively documented from resource limited countries and hence there is a lack of available targeted therapy for clinical interventions. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is more aggressive, higher recurrence rate, and higher prevalence in younger premenopausal women. Sporadic literature indicates predominance of TNBC in all reported breast cancer cases from Northeast India. AIM This study was conducted to evaluate the candidature of panel of key molecular markers involved in the development and progression of TNBC for prognosis and futuristic tailored targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the clinicopathological characterized and immunohistochemically screened the differential expression of key molecular markers involved in the development and progression of in TNBC cases vis-a-vis non-TNBC and autopsy-based control samples. RESULTS TNBC tends to display at an early reproductive age and is more aggressive in nature. Further, the differential expression of 2 specific markers viz., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and FolR1 was higher in TNBC cases compared to controls and non-TNBC (both in terms of susceptibility and specificity), clinical staging in TNBC cases (severity) and mortality (outcome). Although Ki67 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression also correlated with severity and outcome of the disease but their differences in non-TNBC cases were not significantly differentiable compared to TNBC. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that EGFR and FolR1 could serve as useful biomarkers to determine TNBC prognosis. Further studies will be needed to evaluate EGFR and Folate pathways in order to screen out the molecular targets which may be meaningfully used for clinical stratification, intervention, and treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Folate Receptor 1/metabolism
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- India/epidemiology
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Sultana
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India; Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, ICMR, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College, Barpeta, Assam, India
| | - Amal Ch Kataki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dr B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Anupam Sarma
- Department of Pathology, Dr B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sujoy Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Paragliola RM, Corsello A, Del Gatto V, Papi G, Pontecorvi A, Corsello SM. Lenvatinib for thyroid cancer treatment: discovery, pre-clinical development and clinical application. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 15:11-26. [PMID: 31608696 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1674280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: About one third of patients affected with thyroid cancer present with recurrent disease. Unresectability, advanced disease and radioiodine refractoriness are considered poor prognostic factors. Treatment with small molecules inhibiting molecular signaling can be considered for patients with progressive disease, when other therapeutic strategies cannot be applied. Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting multiple molecular factors involved in angiogenesis and tumor progression. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the utility of lenvatinib as a targeted therapy for different tumors, including both differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer.Areas covered: The authors provide an overview of the preclinical development of lenvatinib in the treatment of thyroid cancer and review its clinical application. They also provide their expert opinion on its development.Expert opinion: Preclinical studies have helped in the understanding of the mechanisms of thyroid carcinogenesis and in the development of a targeted therapy. These findings have represented the rationale for the use of lenvatinib in clinical trials, which have confirmed its utility but yet failed to prove a clear benefit in overall survival. The decision to start a systemic treatment with lenvatinib must be personalized for each patient evaluating the risk/benefits ratio. Treatment emergent adverse events must be considered and reasonably managed by a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Paragliola
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsello
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Del Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Papi
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Corsello
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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20
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Jin Y, Liu M, Sa R, Fu H, Cheng L, Chen L. Mouse models of thyroid cancer: Bridging pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:35-53. [PMID: 31589905 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a global increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, numerous novel mouse models were established to reveal thyroid cancer pathogenesis and test promising therapeutic strategies, necessitating a comprehensive review of translational medicine that covers (i) the role of mouse models in the research of thyroid cancer pathogenesis, and (ii) preclinical testing of potential anti-thyroid cancer therapeutics. The present review article aims to: (i) describe the current approaches for mouse modeling of thyroid cancer, (ii) provide insight into the biology and genetics of thyroid cancers, and (iii) offer guidance on the use of mouse models for testing potential therapeutics in preclinical settings. Based on research with mouse models of thyroid cancer pathogenesis involving the RTK, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SRC, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, inhibitors of VEGFR, MEK, mTOR, SRC, and STAT3 have been developed as anti-thyroid cancer drugs for "bench-to-bedside" translation. In the future, mouse models of thyroid cancer will be designed to be ''humanized" and "patient-like," offering opportunities to: (i) investigate the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer through target screening based on the CRISPR/Cas system, (ii) test drugs based on new mouse models, and (iii) explore the underlying mechanisms based on multi-omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ri Sa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Evaluation of Light-Emitting Diodes' Effects on the Expression Level of P53 and EGFR in the Gingival Tissues of Albino Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55090605. [PMID: 31540512 PMCID: PMC6780216 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The light-curing unit is considered an essential piece of equipment in every dental office. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) by the light cure (LC) device on gingival tissues of albino rats histologically and by regarding the expression of P53 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Materials and methods: Gingival tissues of the rats were exposed to LEDs for 30 s with an interval of 30 s for periods of 2 and 5 min and were examined after two and four weeks of light exposure. After the set time, histological sections were studied and the P53 and EGFR expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically and by molecular methods. Results: Mild hyperplasia and mild inflammatory response were detected in higher rates after two weeks of exposure when compared to 4 weeks postexposure. Whereas fibrosis was found at a higher rate after four weeks than that found after two weeks postexposure, parakeratosis was seen only in the group that was exposed for 5 min to LC and when biopsies were taken after 2 weeks. We found that the immunohistochemical expression of P53 was not changed. Similarly, the alteration of EGFR expression was statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05) when compared to the control group. The data obtained from the qRT-PCR reaction was analyzed using the comparative CT (2−ΔΔCT) method. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the expression of EGER and P53 gene transcripts. Conclusions: LED causes no serious alteration in P53 and EGFR expression, and only trivial histopathological changes occurred, most of which recovered after a 4-week interval.
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22
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Schiff BA, McMurphy AB, Jasser SA, Younes MN, Doan D, Yigitbasi OG, Kim S, Zhou G, Mandal M, Bekele BN, Holsinger FC, Sherman SI, Yeung SC, El-Naggar AK, Myers JN. Editor's Note: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Is Overexpressed in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer, and the EGFR Inhibitor Gefitinib Inhibits the Growth of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4862. [PMID: 31371312 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Wang Y, Sui G, Teng D, Wang Q, Qu J, Zhu L, Ran H, Wang Z, Jin C, Wang H. Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) triggered drug release from cetuximab-conjugated phase-changeable nanoparticles for precision theranostics against anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:196-210. [PMID: 30422139 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00970h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study provides an efficient theranostic strategy for concurrent targeted ultrasound molecular imaging and effective synergistic antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Sui
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dengke Teng
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Qimeihui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Jia Qu
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Institute of Ultrasound imaging of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400010
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Ultrasound imaging of Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 400010
- P. R. China
| | - Chunxiang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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24
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Ramírez-Moya J, Santisteban P. miRNA-Directed Regulation of the Main Signaling Pathways in Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:430. [PMID: 31312183 PMCID: PMC6614345 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, great strides have been made in the study of microRNAs in development and in diseases such as cancer, as reflected in the exponential increase in the number of reviews on this topic including those on undifferentiated and well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, few reviews have focused on understanding the functional significance of the most up- or down-regulated miRNAs in thyroid cancer for the main signaling pathways hyperactivated in this tumor type. The aim of this review is to discuss the major miRNAs targeting proteins of the MAPK, PI3K, and TGFβ pathways, to define their mechanisms of action through the 3'UTR regions of their target genes, and to describe how they affect thyroid tumorigenesis through their actions on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Given the importance of miRNAs in cancer as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic candidates, a better understanding of this cross-talk might shed new light on the biomedical treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ramírez-Moya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Santisteban
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25
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Liu J, Feng L, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li S, Qin L, Yang Z, Xiong J. Effects of miR-144 on the sensitivity of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells to cisplatin by autophagy regulation. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:484-496. [PMID: 29504819 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1433502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the influence of miR-144 on the cisplatin-sensitivity of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells and explored the internal molecular mechanism of miR-144. METHODS Thyroid cancer cells ARO, TPC1 and normal thyroid cells HT-ori3 were used in this research. Expressions of miR-144 and TGF-α were uncovered by western blot and qRT-PCR. Expressions of autophagy-related protein LC3 II and apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3 and PARP were explored by western blot and immunofluorescence. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay and apoptosis condition was revealed by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL staining. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the target relationship. Tissue sections were detected by IHC. Xenograft assay was conducted to further verify conclusions in vivo. RESULTS MiR-144, which was low expressed in ATC cells and tissues, could inhibit autophagy activation induced by cisplatin, enhancing the sensitivity of ATC cells to cisplatin, and promoting cell apoptosis. TGF-α was the target of miR-144 and was negatively regulated by it. MiR-144 could improve the sensitivity of ATC cells to cisplatin and inhibit tumor growth by suppressing TGF-α both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION MiR-144 could inhibit autophagy of ATC cells by down-regulating TGF-α, enhancing the cisplatin-sensitivity of ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Liguo Feng
- b Department of General Surgery , Taiyuan Municipal No.2 People's Hospital , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Jin Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Shujing Li
- a Department of General Surgery , the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Long Qin
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Ziyao Yang
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
| | - Jianxia Xiong
- c Department of General Surgery , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , China
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26
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Ferrari SM, La Motta C, Elia G, Ragusa F, Ruffilli I, Quattrini L, Paparo SR, Piaggi S, Patrizio A, Ulisse S, Baldini E, Materazzi G, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. Antineoplastic Effect of Lenvatinib and Vandetanib in Primary Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells Obtained From Biopsy or Fine Needle Aspiration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:764. [PMID: 30619094 PMCID: PMC6305332 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, infrequent but with a very poor prognosis, as it rapidly causes death (mean survival of about 6 months). ATC treatment includes a multimodal protocol consisting of surgery, chemotherapy (doxorubicin and cisplatin), and hyperfractionated accelerated external beam radiotherapy (median patient survival of 10 months). For this reason, the identification of an effective systemic treatment for ATC would be a major advance in the management of this deadly thyroid cancer. The opportunity to test the sensitivity to different drugs of primary cells from ATC (pATC) cultures, obtained from each patients, could improve the effectiveness of the treatment. Then, the administration of inactive therapeutics could be avoided. Our aim is to investigate the antineoplastic effect of two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; lenvatinib, vandetanib) in pATC obtained both from biopsy (biop-pATC), and from fine needle aspiration (FNA-pATC). The antiproliferative activity of lenvatinib and vandetanib was evaluated in 6 ATC patients, on biop-pATC, such as on FNA-pATC. A significant reduction of proliferation (obtained by WST-1 assay) vs. control was shown with lenvatinib and vandetanib in FNA-pATC, as well as in biop-pATC. The percentage of apoptosis in FNA-pATC, or biop-pATC, increased with both compounds dose-dependently. pATC cells from FNA, or biopsy, had a similar sensitivity to lenvatinib and vandetanib. In conclusion, primary cells (biop-pATC or FNA-pATC) have a similar sensitivity to TKIs, and lenvatinib and vandetanib are effective in reducing cell growth, increasing apoptosis in ATC. The possibility to test the sensitivity to different TKIs in each patient could open the way to personalized treatments, avoiding the administration of ineffective, and potentially dangerous, drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Simona Piaggi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli
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27
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Schmohl KA, Dolp P, Schug C, Knoop K, Klutz K, Schwenk N, Bartenstein P, Nelson PJ, Ogris M, Wagner E, Spitzweg C. Reintroducing the Sodium-Iodide Symporter to Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2017; 27:1534-1543. [PMID: 29032724 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, is unresponsive to radioiodine therapy. The current study aimed to extend the diagnostic and therapeutic application of radioiodine beyond the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer by targeting the functional sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) to ATC. METHODS The study employed nanoparticle vectors (polyplexes) based on linear polyethylenimine (LPEI), shielded by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and coupled to the synthetic peptide GE11 as an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific ligand in order to target a NIS-expressing plasmid (LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS) to EGFR overexpressing human thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Using ATC xenograft mouse models, transfection efficiency by 123I scintigraphy and potential for systemic radioiodine therapy after systemic polyplex application were evaluated. RESULTS In vitro iodide uptake studies in SW1736 and Hth74 ATC cells, and, for comparison, in more differentiated follicular (FTC-133) and papillary (BCPAP) thyroid carcinoma cells demonstrated high transfection efficiency and EGFR-specificity of LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS that correlated well with EGFR expression levels. After systemic polyplex injection, in vivo 123I gamma camera imaging revealed significant tumor-specific accumulation of radioiodine in an SW1736 and an Hth74 xenograft mouse model. Radioiodine accumulation was found to be higher in SW1736 tumors, reflecting in vitro results, EGFR expression levels, and results from ex vivo analysis of NIS staining. Administration of 131I in LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS-treated SW1736 xenograft mice resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth associated with prolonged survival compared to control animals. CONCLUSIONS The data open the exciting prospect of NIS-mediated radionuclide imaging and therapy of ATC after non-viral reintroduction of the NIS gene. The high tumor specificity after systemic application makes the strategy an attractive alternative for the treatment of highly metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin A Schmohl
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Dolp
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Schug
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Knoop
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klutz
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schwenk
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- 2 Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Ogris
- 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Wagner
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for System-Based Drug Research and Center for Nanoscience , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich , LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Zhang L, Boufraqech M, Lake R, Kebebew E. Carfilzomib potentiates CUDC-101-induced apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16517-28. [PMID: 26934320 PMCID: PMC4941332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with no effective treatment currently available. Previously, we identified agents active against ATC cells, both in vitro and in vivo, using quantitative high-throughput screening of 3282 clinically approved drugs and small molecules. Here, we report that combining two of these active agents, carfilzomib, a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, and CUDC-101, a histone deacetylase and multi-kinase inhibitor, results in increased, synergistic activity in ATC cells. The combination of carfilzomib and CUDC-101 synergistically inhibited cellular proliferation and caused cell death in multiple ATC cell lines harboring various driver mutations observed in human ATC tumors. This increased anti-ATC effect was associated with a synergistically enhanced G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased caspase 3/7 activity induced by the drug combination. Mechanistically, treatment with carfilzomib and CUDC-101 increased p21 expression and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein cleavage. Our results suggest that combining carfilzomib and CUDC-101 would offer an effective therapeutic strategy to treat ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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29
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Huang CY, Ju DT, Chang CF, Muralidhar Reddy P, Velmurugan BK. A review on the effects of current chemotherapy drugs and natural agents in treating non-small cell lung cancer. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:23. [PMID: 29130448 PMCID: PMC5682982 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and this makes it an attractive disease to review and possibly improve therapeutic treatment options. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy separate or in combination are commonly used to treat lung cancer. However, these treatment types may cause different side effects, and chemotherapy-based regimens appear to have reached a therapeutic plateau. Hence, effective, better-tolerated treatments are needed to address and hopefully overcome this conundrum. Recent advances have enabled biologists to better investigate the potential use of natural compounds for the treatment or control of various cancerous diseases. For the past 30 years, natural compounds have been the pillar of chemotherapy. However, only a few compounds have been tested in cancerous patients and only partial evidence is available regarding their clinical effectiveness. Herein, we review the research on using current chemotherapy drugs and natural compounds (Wortmannin and Roscovitine, Cordyceps militaris, Resveratrol, OSU03013, Myricetin, Berberine, Antroquinonol) and the beneficial effects they have on various types of cancers including non-small cell lung cancer. Based on this literature review, we propose the use of these compounds along with chemotherapy drugs in patients with advanced and/or refractory solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan - Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fen Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - P Muralidhar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500001, India
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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30
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Jitsukawa S, Kamekura R, Kawata K, Ito F, Sato A, Matsumiya H, Nagaya T, Yamashita K, Kubo T, Kikuchi T, Sato N, Hasegawa T, Kiyonari H, Mukumoto Y, Takano KI, Himi T, Ichimiya S. Loss of sorting nexin 5 stabilizes internalized growth factor receptors to promote thyroid cancer progression. J Pathol 2017; 243:342-353. [PMID: 28771744 DOI: 10.1002/path.4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy and its prevalence has recently been increasing worldwide. We previously reported that the level of sorting nexin 5 (Snx5), an endosomal translocator, is preferentially decreased during the progression of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma into poorly differentiated carcinoma. To address the functional role of Snx5 in the development and progression of thyroid carcinoma, we established Snx5-deficient (Snx5-/- ) mice. In comparison to wild-type (Snx5+/+ ) mice, Snx5-/- mice showed enlarged thyroid glands that consisted of thyrocytes with large irregular-shaped vacuoles. Snx5-/- thyrocytes exhibited a higher growth potential and higher sensitivity to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). A high content of early endosomes enriched with TSH receptors was found in Snx5-/- thyrocytes, suggesting that loss of Snx5 caused retention of the TSH receptor (TSHR) in response to TSH. Similar data were found for internalized EGF in primary thyrocytes. The increased TSH sensitivities in Snx5-/- thyrocytes were also confirmed by results showing that Snx5-/- mice steadily developed thyroid tumors with high metastatic potential under high TSH. Furthermore, a thyroid cancer model using carcinogen and an anti-thyroidal agent revealed that Snx5-/- mice developed metastasizing thyroid tumors with activation of MAP kinase and AKT pathways, which are postulated to be major pathways of malignant progression of human thyroid carcinoma. Our results suggest that thyrocytes require Snx5 to lessen tumorigenic signaling driven by TSH, which is a major risk factor for thyroid carcinoma. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumie Ito
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumiya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nagaya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan.,Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mukumoto
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Zhang T, Zhang D. Integrating omics data and protein interaction networks to prioritize driver genes in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58050-58060. [PMID: 28938536 PMCID: PMC5601632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous approaches have been proposed to discern driver from passenger, identification of driver genes remains a critical challenge in the cancer genomics field. Driver genes with low mutated frequency tend to be filtered in cancer research. In addition, the accumulation of different omics data necessitates the development of algorithmic frameworks for nominating putative driver genes. In this study, we presented a novel framework to identify driver genes through integrating multi-omics data such as somatic mutation, gene expression, and copy number alterations. We developed a computational approach to detect potential driver genes by virtue of their effect on their neighbors in network. Application to three datasets (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), thyroid carcinoma (THCA) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC)) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), by comparing the Precision, Recall and F1 score, our method outperformed DriverNet and MUFFINN in all three datasets. In addition, our method was less affected by protein length compared with DriverNet. Lastly, our method not only identified the known cancer genes but also detected the potential rare drivers (PTPN6 in THCA, SRC, GRB2 and PTPN6 in KIRC, MAPK1 and SMAD2 in HNSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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32
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Hatakeyama H, Hoshino K, Mizoguchi K, Suzuki T, Hatanaka KC, Yamaya Y, Kano S, Mizumachi T, Homma A. Atypical adenoma of the thyroid diagnosed as anaplastic cancer by cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:928-933. [PMID: 28544576 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Atypical adenoma of the thyroid is a rare form of tumor, and its accurate diagnosis prior to surgical resection is difficult as the histological and pathological morphologies are very similar to those of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and its anaplastic transformation remains to be elucidated. We reported a case of a 75-year-old female with a thyroid isthmus nodule diagnosed repeatedly by FNAC as anaplastic carcinoma. Both the first and second FNAC specimen slides showed a large number of scattered or aggregated atypical cells consisting of large, pleomorphic nuclei with irregular membranes, chromatin clumps and prominent nucleoli. The morphology of the surgical specimen was similar to that of an anaplastic carcinoma and although it showed signs of transition from a normal follicular epithelium, there was no invasive growth or mitosis. This lesion was diagnosed as an atypical adenoma, and a papillary carcinoma was also present in the right lobe of the thyroid. Here we evaluate the molecular features of atypical adenomas in comparison with 9 ATC samples, and discuss whether or not atypical adenomas represent a form of premalignant lesion. Ki-67 expression was found to be very low in atypical adenomas whereas all ATC samples showed high levels of Ki-67 expression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression suggested that atypical adenomas maintain their epithelial phenotype to a higher degree than do ATCs. Differential diagnosis between ATC and atypical adenoma is difficult by cytological and histological methods alone, and Ki-67 and EMT marker expression may support the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Hatakeyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kimiko Hoshino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizoguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Mizumachi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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33
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Kim SY, Kim HR, Kim CH, Koh JS, Baek HJ, Choi CM, Song JS, Lee JC, Na II. Association between thyroid cancer and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in female with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Med 2017; 12:36-41. [PMID: 28197220 PMCID: PMC5264171 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.197774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and thyroid cancer in female patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS In a retrospective study, we examined 835 female patients who were diagnosed with NSCLC and underwent an EGFR mutation test between June 2003 and August 2013. The associations of EGFR mutation with thyroid cancer and a family history of thyroid cancer were evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS EGFR mutation was found in 378 of 835 patients. In addition to adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001), EGFR mutations were positively associated with a personal history of thyroid cancer (5.8% versus 2.6%; P = 0.020), while showing a trend toward inverse association with a personal history of nonthyroid cancer (5.8% vs. 9.0%; P = 0.086). Likewise, the incidence of EGFR mutations was associated with a family history of thyroid cancer (2.9% vs. 0.9%; P = 0.028), while showing a trend toward inverse association with a family history of nonthyroid cancer (27.8% vs. 33.7%; P = 0.066). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the incidence of EGFR mutations was different in women with thyroid or nonthyroid cancer (P = 0.035) and in women with a family history of thyroid or nonthyroid cancer (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that thyroid cancer and a family history of thyroid cancer are associated with EGFR-mutated NSCLC in female patients. The differences in the incidence of thyroid cancer and a family history of thyroid cancer by EGFR mutational status provide new insight into pathogenesis of this genetic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryoun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hyeon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Soo Koh
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jong Baek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea; Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Ii Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ibrahim N, Elzagheid A, El-Hashmi H, Syrjänen K, Alhakim S. The Potential Value of EGFR and P53 Immunostaining in Tumors of the Urinary Bladder. Libyan J Med 2016. [DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v4i4.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ibrahim
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, African Oncology Institute, Sabratha, Libya,
| | - A. Elzagheid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Arab Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - H. El-Hashmi
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, African Oncology Institute, Sabratha, Libya,
| | - K. Syrjänen
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Savitehtaankatu, Turku, Finland and
| | - S. Alhakim
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Lu CH, Chen SH, Chang YS, Liu YW, Wu JY, Lim YP, Yu HI, Lee YR. Honokiol, a potential therapeutic agent, induces cell cycle arrest and program cell death in vitro and in vivo in human thyroid cancer cells. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:288-298. [PMID: 27940017 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, the global incidence rate of which is rapidly rising. Surgery and radioiodine therapies are common and effective treatments only for nonmetastasized primary tumors. Therefore, effective treatment modalities are imperative for patients with radioiodine-resistant thyroid cancer. Honokiol, a biophenolic compound derived from Magnolia spp., has been shown have diverse biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiangiogenic, and anticancer properties. In the present study, three human thyroid cancer cell lines, namely anaplastic, follicular, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cells, were used to evaluate the chemotherapeutic activity of honokiol. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy induction were determined through flow cytometry and western blot analysis. We found that honokiol treatment can suppress cell growth, induce cell cycle arrest, and enhance the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Moreover, honokiol treatment modulated signaling pathways including Akt/mTOR, ERK, JNK, and p38 in the studied cells. In addition, the antitumorigenic activity of honokiol was also confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide evidence that honokiol has a unique application in chemotherapy for human thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsiang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yi Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency, Toxicology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-I Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Janković J, Tatić S, Božić V, Živaljević V, Cvejić D, Paskaš S. Inverse expression of caveolin-1 and EGFR in thyroid cancer patients. Hum Pathol 2016; 61:164-172. [PMID: 27818286 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytological analysis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the first step in evaluation of patients with nodular thyroid disease with the primary goal to exclude thyroid malignancy. Its improvement by combining cytology with molecular markers is still a matter of investigation. In this study, 2 molecular markers were used: caveolin-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), along with the well-established genetic marker BRAF V600E mutation. We set out to determine the expression signatures of EGFR and caveolin-1 in patients with thyroid malignancy as well as to determine their possible association with disease severity. In FNA biopsy samples (n=186), immunocytochemical expression of caveolin-1 and BRAF V600E mutation coincided with malignancy. The patients were sorted according to 3 parameters: final histopathological diagnosis, caveolin-1 expression, and BRAF V600E mutation status before measurement of EGFR mRNA expression. EGFR upregulation was detected in the group of patients with malignant diagnosis, no caveolin-1 expression, and wild-type BRAF. Spearman rank correlation yielded a statistically significant negative correlation of EGFR and caveolin-1. Double immunofluorescence confirmed colocalization and inverse expression of EGFR and caveolin-1. Our data demonstrated that EGFR overexpression is associated with malignancy but not with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, high-caveolin-1/low-EGFR cases were associated with an advanced pT status and had a greater degree of neoplastic infiltration than low-caveolin-1/high-EGFR cases. Combining caveolin-1 and BRAF V600E with EGFR might help in recognizing more aggressive thyroid lesions in a pool of relatively indolent tumors in FNA biopsies and thus be useful for early risk stratification of thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Janković
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy-INEP, Department for Endocrinology and Radioimmunology, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetislav Tatić
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Božić
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Department of Endocrine and Cardiovascular Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Živaljević
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Cvejić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy-INEP, Department for Endocrinology and Radioimmunology, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Paskaš
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy-INEP, Department for Endocrinology and Radioimmunology, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA comprising approximately 19-25 nucleotides. miRNAs can act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes, and aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several human cancers and has been associated with cancer initiation and progression. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs play a major role in thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in thyroid cancer and describe the oncogenic or tumour suppressor function of miRNAs as well as their clinical utility as prognostic or diagnostic markers in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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38
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, La Motta C, Materazzi G, Bocci G, Da Settimo F, Miccoli P, Antonelli A. CLM29 and CLM24, pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives, have antitumoral activity in vitro in anaplastic thyroid cancer, with or without BRAF mutation. Endocrine 2016; 53:136-44. [PMID: 26286966 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the antitumor activity of two new "pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine" compounds (CLM29 and CLM24) that inhibit several targets (including the RET tyrosine kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, with an antiangiogenic effect) in primary anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell cultures and in the human cell line 8305C (undifferentiated thyroid cancer). The antitumor effect of CLM29 and CLM24 was tested in: nine primary ATC cultures obtained from patients at the time of surgery at the concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 30, 50 µM; in 8305C cells at 1, 5, 10, 30, 50 µM for CLM29, and 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 µM for CLM24. CLM29, and CLM24 significantly inhibited the proliferation of 8305C cells. A significant reduction of proliferation with CLM29 and CLM24 in ATC cells (P < 0.01, for both, ANOVA) was shown. CLM29 and CLM24 increased the percentage of apoptotic ATC cells dose-dependently (P < 0.001, ANOVA). The (V600E) BRAF mutation was observed in three ATCs; the results about the inhibition of proliferation by CLM29 and CLM24, obtained in ATC from tumors with (V600E) BRAF mutation were similar to those from tumors without BRAF mutation. CLM29 inhibited migration and invasion (P < 0.01) of primary ATC cells, while CLM24 had no significant effect. The antitumor activity of two new "pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine" compounds (CLM24, CLM29) in vitro in ATC, independent from BRAF mutation, has been shown, allowing a future clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Guido Bocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Via Alderotti 27/n, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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39
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Mehta A, Boufraqech M, Davis S, Wang J, Tian Z, Yu Z, Boxer MB, Kiefer JA, Copland JA, Smallridge RC, Li Z, Shen M, Kebebew E. Dual inhibition of HDAC and EGFR signaling with CUDC-101 induces potent suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9073-85. [PMID: 25940539 PMCID: PMC4496203 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies that currently has no effective therapy. We performed quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) in three ATC cell lines using 3,282 clinically approved drugs and drug candidates, and identified 100 active agents. Enrichment analysis of active compounds showed that inhibitors of EGFR and histone deacetylase (HDAC) were most active. Of these, the first-in-class dual inhibitor of EGFR, HER2 and HDACs, CUDC-101, had the highest efficacy and lower IC50 than established drugs. We validated that CUDC-101 inhibited cellular proliferation and resulted in cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. CUDC-101 also inhibited cellular migration in vitro. Mechanistically, CUDC-101 inhibited MAPK signaling and histone deacetylation in ATC cell lines with multiple driver mutations present in human ATC. The anticancer effect of CUDC-101 was associated with increased expression of p21 and E-cadherin, and reduced expression of survivin, XIAP, β-catenin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin. In an in vivo mouse model of metastatic ATC, CUDC-101 inhibited tumor growth and metastases, and significantly prolonged survival. Response to CUDC-101 treatment in vivo was associated with increased histone 3 acetylation and reduced survivin expression. Our findings provide a preclinical basis to evaluate CUDC-101 therapy in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zhang
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Mehta
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean Davis
- Cancer Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Curis Inc., Translational Science, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Ze Tian
- Curis Inc., Translational Science, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kiefer
- Division of Information Sciences, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Robert C Smallridge
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Endocrinology Division, Internal Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zhuyin Li
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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40
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microRNA-137 is downregulated in thyroid cancer and inhibits proliferation and invasion by targeting EGFR. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7749-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Peripheral Blood Monocytes as Adult Stem Cells: Molecular Characterization and Improvements in Culture Conditions to Enhance Stem Cell Features and Proliferative Potential. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:7132751. [PMID: 26798361 PMCID: PMC4699085 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7132751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem or programmable cells hold great promise in diseases in which damaged or nonfunctional cells need to be replaced. We have recently demonstrated that peripheral blood monocytes can be differentiated in vitro into cells resembling specialized cell types like hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. During phenotypic conversion, the monocytes downregulate monocyte/macrophage differentiation markers, being indicative of partial dedifferentiation, and are partially reprogrammed to acquire a state of plasticity along with expression of various markers of pluripotency and resumption of mitosis. Upregulation of stem cell markers and mitotic activity in the cultures was shown to be controlled by autocrine production/secretion of activin A and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). These reprogrammed monocyte derivatives were termed "programmable cells of monocytic origin" (PCMO). Current efforts focus on establishing culture conditions that increase both the plasticity and proliferation potential of PCMO in order to be able to generate large amounts of blood-derived cells suitable for both autologous and allogeneic therapies.
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhao S, Wang Y, Di W, Zhao G, Yang M, Zhang Q. Prognostic value of survivin and EGFR protein expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Target Oncol 2015; 9:349-57. [PMID: 24233638 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-013-0300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particular type of breast cancer which is characterized by its biological aggressiveness, worse prognosis, and lack of prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in contrast with hormonal receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers. We aimed to evaluate survivin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and their prognostic value and determine their relationships with the clinicopathological parameters of TNBC. A total of 136 patients who had undergone a resection of primary TNBC were enrolled at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from March 2003 to September 2005. Expression of ER, PR, HER2, EGFR, and survivin was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The association of TNBC and other clinicopathological variables and the prognostic value of survivin and EGFR expression were evaluated. Survivin was expressed in 62 (45.6 %) cases and EGFR was expressed in 82 (60.3 %) cases. Survivin expression was associated with menopausal status (P = 0.011), tumor size (P = 0.037), and lymph node status (P = 0.001). EGFR expression was associated with menopausal status (P = 0.029), lymph node status (P = 0.004), P53 expression (P = 0.001), Ki-67 expression (P = 0.028), and lymphatic vascular invasion (P = 0.037). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size (hazard ratio (HR) 1.587, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.081–2.330, P = 0.018 for disease-free survival (DFS); HR 1.606, 95%CI 1.096–2.354, P = 0.015 for overall survival (OS)), lymph node status (HR 2.873, 95%CI 1.544–5.344, P = 0.001 for DFS; HR 2.915, 95%CI 1.553–5.471, P = 0.001 for OS), tumor grade (HR 1.914, 95%CI 1.218–3.007, P = 0.005 for DFS; HR 1.983, 95%CI 1.228–3.203, P = 0.005 for OS), EGFR (HR 3.008, 95%CI 1.331–6.792, P = 0.008 for DFS; HR 3.151, 95%CI 1.374–7.226, P = 0.007 for OS), and survivin (HR 1.573, 95%CI 1.087–2.277, P = 0.016 for DFS; HR 1.607, 95%CI 1.088–2.374, P = 0.017 for OS) were of prognostic significance for disease-free and overall survival. We draw a conclusion from the present study that survivin and EGFR expression are useful prognostic markers of TNBC and might be useful for molecular targeting therapy of TNBC treatment.
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Broecker-Preuss M, Müller S, Britten M, Worm K, Schmid KW, Mann K, Fuhrer D. Sorafenib inhibits intracellular signaling pathways and induces cell cycle arrest and cell death in thyroid carcinoma cells irrespective of histological origin or BRAF mutational status. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:184. [PMID: 25879531 PMCID: PMC4377064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with dedifferentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas currently lack appropriate treatment options. Kinase inhibitors are among the most promising new agents as alternative strategies. The BRAF- and multi-kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, has already shown antitumor effects in thyroid carcinoma patients in a phase III clinical trial. In this study we aim to better characterize molecular effects and efficacy of sorafenib against thyroid carcinoma cells with various histological origins and different BRAF mutational status. Analysis of different signaling pathways affected by sorafenib may contribute to assist a more specific therapy choice with fewer side effects. Twelve thyroid carcinoma cell lines derived from anaplastic, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas with wildtype or mutationally activated BRAF were treated with sorafenib. Growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest, cell death induction and inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways were then comprehensively analyzed. METHODS Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay, and the cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Cell death was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase liberation assays, caspase activity assays and subG1 peak determinations. Inhibition of intracellular pathways was analyzed in dot blot and western blot analyses. RESULTS Sorafenib inhibited proliferation of all thyroid carcinoma cell lines tested with IC50 values ranging between 1.85 and 4.2 μM. Cells derived from papillary carcinoma harboring the mutant BRAF (V600E) allele were slightly more sensitive to sorafenib than those harboring wildtype BRAF. Cell cycle analyses and caspase assays showed a sorafenib-dependent induction of apoptosis in all cell lines, whereas increased lactate dehydrogenase release suggested cell membrane disruption. Sorafenib treatment caused a rapid inhibition of various MAP kinases in addition to inhibiting AKT and receptor tyrosine kinases. CONCLUSIONS Sorafenib inhibited multiple intracellular signaling pathways in thyroid carcinoma cells, which resulted in cell cycle arrest and the initiation of apoptosis. Sorafenib was effective against all thyroid carcinoma cell lines regardless of their tumor subtype origin or BRAF status, confirming that sorafenib is therapeutically beneficial for patients with any subtype of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. Inhibition of single intracellular targets of sorafenib in thyroid carcinoma cells may allow the development of more specific therapeutic intervention with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Broecker-Preuss
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Müller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Martin Britten
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: University Hospital Essen, Klinik für Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Karl Worm
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Mann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Center of Endocrinology Alter Hof München, Dienerstr. 12, 80331, München, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fuhrer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
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44
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Fallahi P, Mazzi V, Vita R, Ferrari SM, Materazzi G, Galleri D, Benvenga S, Miccoli P, Antonelli A. New therapies for dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6153-82. [PMID: 25789503 PMCID: PMC4394525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of thyroid cancers is increasing. Standard treatment usually includes primary surgery, thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressive therapy, and ablation of the thyroid remnant with radioactive iodine (RAI). Despite the generally good prognosis of thyroid carcinoma, about 5% of patients will develop metastatic disease, which fails to respond to RAI, exhibiting a more aggressive behavior. The lack of specific, effective and well-tolerated drugs, the scarcity of data about the association of multi-targeting drugs, and the limited role of radioiodine for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer, call for further efforts in the field of new drugs development. Rearranged during transfection (RET)/papillary thyroid carcinoma gene rearrangements, BRAF (B-RAF proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) gene mutations, RAS (rat sarcoma) mutations, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 angiogenesis pathways are some of the known pathways playing a crucial role in the development of thyroid cancer. Targeted novel compounds have been demonstrated to induce clinical responses and stabilization of disease. Sorafenib has been approved for differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to RAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - David Galleri
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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45
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Chin LH, Hsu SP, Zhong WB, Liang YC. Involvement of cysteine-rich protein 61 in the epidermal growth factor-induced migration of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:622-32. [PMID: 25773758 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most aggressive types of malignant cancer. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ATC, and patients with thyroid carcinoma typically exhibit increased cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61). In this study, we found that EGF treatment induced cell migration, stress fiber formation, Cyr61 mRNA and protein expressions, and Cyr61 protein secretion in ATC cells. The recombinant Cyr61 protein significantly induced cell migration; however, inhibition of Cyr61 activity by a Cyr61-specific antibody abrogated EGF-induced cell migration. EGF treatment also affected epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker protein expression, as evidenced by an increase in vimentin and a decrease in E-cadherin expression. Inhibition of Cyr61 expression by Cyr61 siRNA decreased cell migration and reversed the EMT-related marker protein expression. EGF treatment increased the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and finally activated Cyr61 promoter plasmid activity. Our results suggest that Cyr61 is induced by EGF through the ERK/CREB signal pathway and that it plays a crucial role in the migration and invasion of ATC cells; moreover, Cyr61 might be a therapeutic target for metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Po Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Zhong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Marotta V, Sciammarella C, Vitale M, Colao A, Faggiano A. The evolving field of kinase inhibitors in thyroid cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 93:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Politti U, Materazzi G, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Miccoli P, Antonelli A. Molecular Targeted Therapies of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:176. [PMID: 26635725 PMCID: PMC4653714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) that arise from follicular cells account >90% of thyroid cancer (TC) [papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) 90%, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) 10%], while medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) accounts <5%. Complete total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for PTC, FTC, and MTC. Radioiodine is routinely recommended in high-risk patients and considered in intermediate risk DTC patients. DTC cancer cells, during tumor progression, may lose the iodide uptake ability, becoming resistant to radioiodine, with a significant worsening of the prognosis. The lack of specific and effective drugs for aggressive and metastatic DTC and MTC leads to additional efforts toward the development of new drugs. Several genetic alterations in different molecular pathways in TC have been shown in the past few decades, associated with TC development and progression. Rearranged during transfection (RET)/PTC gene rearrangements, RET mutations, BRAF mutations, RAS mutations, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 angiogenesis pathways are some of the known pathways determinant in the development of TC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are small organic compounds inhibiting tyrosine kinases auto-phosphorylation and activation, most of them are multikinase inhibitors. TKIs act on the aforementioned molecular pathways involved in growth, angiogenesis, local, and distant spread of TC. TKIs are emerging as new therapies of aggressive TC, including DTC, MTC, and anaplastic thyroid cancer, being capable of inducing clinical responses and stabilization of disease. Vandetanib and cabozantinib have been approved for the treatment of MTC, while sorafenib and lenvatinib for DTC refractory to radioiodine. These drugs prolong median progression-free survival, but until now no significant increase has been observed on overall survival; side effects are common. New efforts are made to find new more effective and safe compounds and to personalize the therapy in each TC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Politti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli,
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48
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Mincione G, Tarantelli C, Vianale G, Di Marcantonio MC, Cotellese R, Francomano F, Di Nicola M, Costantini E, Cichella A, Muraro R. Mutual regulation of TGF-β1, TβRII and ErbB receptors expression in human thyroid carcinomas. Exp Cell Res 2014; 327:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Fuziwara CS, Kimura ET. MicroRNA Deregulation in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Biology. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:743450. [PMID: 25202329 PMCID: PMC4151544 DOI: 10.1155/2014/743450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most lethal types of cancers, characterized as a fast-growing and highly invasive thyroid tumor that is unresponsive to surgery and radioiodine, blunting therapeutic efficacy. Classically, genetic alterations in tumor suppressor TP53 are frequent, and cumulative alterations in different signaling pathways, such as MAPK and PI3K, are detected in ATC. Recently, deregulation in microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small endogenous RNAs that regulate protein expression, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Deregulation of miRNA expression is detected in thyroid cancer. Upregulation of miRNAs, such as miR-146b, miR-221, and miR-222, is observed in ATC and also in differentiated thyroid cancer (papillary and follicular), indicating that these miRNAs' overexpression is essential in maintaining tumorigenesis. However, specific miRNAs are downregulated in ATC, such as those of the miR-200 and miR-30 families, which are important negative regulators of cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), processes that are overactivated in ATC. Therefore, molecular interference to restore the expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs, or to blunt overexpressed oncogenic miRNAs, is a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate the treatment of ATC. In this review, we will explore the importance of miRNA deregulation for ATC cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Room 414, CEP, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Room 414, CEP, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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50
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Astsaturov I, Cohen RB, Harari P. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 6:1179-93. [PMID: 17020453 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.9.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this review, key aspects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) biology and the fruitful translation of these fundamental findings into recent treatment advances in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) are highlighted. In contrast to a number of contemporary reviews of the EGFR, many of which focus on colorectal and nonsmall cell lung cancer, this review discusses the EGFR as a validated therapeutic target in HNSCC. Recent data confirm a survival advantage for the addition of the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab to definitive radiation therapy in locoregionally advanced HNSCC patients, as well as palliative benefits for patients with incurable recurrent and metastatic HNSCC. Small-molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors also show considerable promise in this disease, both alone and in combination with radiation and chemotherapy. Both classes of anti-EGFR agent are generally well tolerated, with side effects (notably skin rash) that are distinct from the toxicities of conventional chemotherapy. Ongoing clinical trials will more clearly define the role for EGFR inhibitors in all treatment phases of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Astsaturov
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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