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Mane RR, Kale PP. The roles of HDAC with IMPDH and mTOR with JAK as future targets in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with combination therapy. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:689-706. [PMID: 36409592 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have shown that cytokines are important regulators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In synovial inflammation alteration of the enzyme HDAC, IMPDH enzyme, mTOR pathway, and JAK pathway increase cytokine level. These increased cytokine levels are responsible for the inflammation in RA. Inflammation is a physiological and normal reaction of the immune system against dangerous stimuli such as injury and infection. The cytokine-based approach improves the treatment of RA. To reach this goal, various researchers and scientists are working more aggressively by using a combination approach. The present review of combination therapy provides essential evidence about the possible synergistic effect of combinatorial agents. We have focused on the effects of HDAC inhibitor with IMPDH inhibitor and mTOR inhibitor with JAK inhibitor in combination for the treatment of RA. Combining various targeted strategies can be helpful for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Rajendra Mane
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Popatrao Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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2
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Sugimoto A, Watanabe T, Matsuoka K, Okuno Y, Yanagi Y, Narita Y, Mabuchi S, Nobusue H, Sugihara E, Hirayama M, Ide T, Onouchi T, Sato Y, Kanda T, Saya H, Iwatani Y, Kimura H, Murata T. Growth Transformation of B Cells by Epstein-Barr Virus Requires IMPDH2 Induction and Nucleolar Hypertrophy. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0044023. [PMID: 37409959 PMCID: PMC10433962 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00440-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro growth transformation of primary B cells by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the initial step in the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). We performed electron microscopic analysis and immunostaining of primary B cells infected with wild-type EBV. Interestingly, the nucleolar size was increased by two days after infection. A recent study found that nucleolar hypertrophy, which is caused by the induction of the IMPDH2 gene, is required for the efficient promotion of growth in cancers. In the present study, RNA-seq revealed that the IMPDH2 gene was significantly induced by EBV and that its level peaked at day 2. Even without EBV infection, the activation of primary B cells by the CD40 ligand and interleukin-4 increased IMPDH2 expression and nucleolar hypertrophy. Using EBNA2 or LMP1 knockout viruses, we found that EBNA2 and MYC, but not LMP1, induced the IMPDH2 gene during primary infections. IMPDH2 inhibition by mycophenolic acid (MPA) blocked the growth transformation of primary B cells by EBV, leading to smaller nucleoli, nuclei, and cells. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), which is a prodrug of MPA that is approved for use as an immunosuppressant, was tested in a mouse xenograft model. Oral MMF significantly improved the survival of mice and reduced splenomegaly. Taken together, these results indicate that EBV induces IMPDH2 expression through EBNA2-dependent and MYC-dependent mechanisms, leading to the hypertrophy of the nucleoli, nuclei, and cells as well as efficient cell proliferation. Our results provide basic evidence that IMPDH2 induction and nucleolar enlargement are crucial for B cell transformation by EBV. In addition, the use of MMF suppresses PTLD. IMPORTANCE EBV infections cause nucleolar enlargement via the induction of IMPDH2, which are essential for B cell growth transformation by EBV. Although the significance of IMPDH2 induction and nuclear hypertrophy in the tumorigenesis of glioblastoma has been reported, EBV infection brings about the change quickly by using its transcriptional cofactor, EBNA2, and MYC. Moreover, we present here, for the novel, basic evidence that an IMPDH2 inhibitor, namely, MPA or MMF, can be used for EBV-positive posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Sugimoto
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuoka
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yanagi
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Narita
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seiyo Mabuchi
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nobusue
- Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Open Facility Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaya Hirayama
- Department of Morphology and Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomihiko Ide
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- Open Facility Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takanori Onouchi
- Open Facility Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teru Kanda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Cancer Center, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Reyes A, Mohanty A, Pharaon R, Massarelli E. Association between Immunosuppressive Therapy Utilized in the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease or Transplant and Cancer Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010099. [PMID: 36672607 PMCID: PMC9856025 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity and cancer rates have both been on the rise in Western civilization prompting many to investigate the link between the two entities. This review will investigate the complex interactions between the activation and deactivation of the immune system and the development of malignancy. Additional focus will be placed on the main classes of immune inhibitor therapy utilized in transplant patients and in autoimmune disease including TNF-alpha, Calcineurin, mTOR, purine synthesis antagonists and IMPDH inhibitors.
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Pal S, Sharma A, Mathew SP, Jaganathan BG. Targeting cancer-specific metabolic pathways for developing novel cancer therapeutics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955476. [PMID: 36618350 PMCID: PMC9815821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various genetic and phenotypic aberrations. Cancer cells undergo genetic modifications that promote their proliferation, survival, and dissemination as the disease progresses. The unabated proliferation of cancer cells incurs an enormous energy demand that is supplied by metabolic reprogramming. Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to provide for increased energy and metabolite requirement; these alterations also help drive the tumor progression. Dysregulation in glucose uptake and increased lactate production via "aerobic glycolysis" were described more than 100 years ago, and since then, the metabolic signature of various cancers has been extensively studied. However, the extensive research in this field has failed to translate into significant therapeutic intervention, except for treating childhood-ALL with amino acid metabolism inhibitor L-asparaginase. Despite the growing understanding of novel metabolic alterations in tumors, the therapeutic targeting of these tumor-specific dysregulations has largely been ineffective in clinical trials. This chapter discusses the major pathways involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids and highlights the inter-twined nature of metabolic aberrations that promote tumorigenesis in different types of cancer. Finally, we summarise the therapeutic interventions which can be used as a combinational therapy to target metabolic dysregulations that are unique or common in blood, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Pal
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sam Padalumavunkal Mathew
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Bithiah Grace Jaganathan,
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Inhibitors of Nucleotide Biosynthesis as Candidates for a Wide Spectrum of Antiviral Chemotherapy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081631. [PMID: 36014049 PMCID: PMC9413629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viruses have been a challenge in public health in recent decades. Host-targeted antivirals (HTA) directed at cellular molecules or pathways involved in virus multiplication represent an interesting strategy to combat viruses presently lacking effective chemotherapy. HTA could provide a wide range of agents with inhibitory activity against current and future viruses that share similar host requirements and reduce the possible selection of antiviral-resistant variants. Nucleotide metabolism is one of the more exploited host metabolic pathways as a potential antiviral target for several human viruses. This review focuses on the antiviral properties of the inhibitors of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide biosynthesis, with an emphasis on the rate-limiting enzymes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) for which there are old and new drugs active against a broad spectrum of pathogenic viruses.
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6
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Geevimaan K, Guo JY, Shen CN, Jiang JK, Fann CSJ, Hwang MJ, Shui JW, Lin HT, Wang MJ, Shih HC, Li AFY, Chang SC, Yang SH, Chen JY. Patient-Derived Organoid Serves as a Platform for Personalized Chemotherapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:883437. [PMID: 35719949 PMCID: PMC9205170 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Addition of oxaliplatin to adjuvant 5-FU has significantly improved the disease-free survival and served as the first line adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, a fraction of patients remains refractory to oxaliplatin-based treatment. It is urgent to establish a preclinical platform to predict the responsiveness toward oxaliplatin in CRC patients as well as to improve the efficacy in the resistant patients. Methods A living biobank of organoid lines were established from advanced CRC patients. Oxaliplatin sensitivity was assessed in patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) in vitro and in PDO-xenografted tumors in mice. Based on in vitro oxaliplatin IC50 values, PDOs were classified into either oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) or oxaliplatin-sensitive (OS) PDOs. The outcomes of patients undergone oxaliplatin-based treatment was followed. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics tools were performed for molecular profiling of OR and OS PDOs. Oxaliplatin response signatures were submitted to Connectivity Map algorithm to identify perturbagens that may antagonize oxaliplatin resistance. Results Oxaliplatin sensitivity in PDOs was shown to correlate to oxaliplatin-mediated inhibition on PDO xenograft tumors in mice, and parallelled clinical outcomes of CRC patients who received FOLFOX treatment. Molecular profiling of transcriptomes revealed oxaliplatin-resistant and -sensitive PDOs as two separate entities, each being characterized with distinct hallmarks and gene sets. Using Leave-One-Out Cross Validation algorithm and Logistic Regression model, 18 gene signatures were identified as predictive biomarkers for oxaliplatin response. Candidate drugs identified by oxaliplatin response signature-based strategies, including inhibitors targeting c-ABL and Notch pathway, DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors, and HDAC inhibitors, were demonstrated to potently and effectively increase oxaliplatin sensitivity in the resistant PDOs. Conclusions PDOs are useful in informing decision-making on oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and in designing personalized chemotherapy in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamushavalli Geevimaan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-You Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cathy S. J. Fann
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Wen Shui
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anna Fen-Yau Li
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shung-Haur Yang, ; Jeou-Yuan Chen,
| | - Jeou-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shung-Haur Yang, ; Jeou-Yuan Chen,
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7
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Mehta RS, Saliba RM, Hayase E, Jenq RR, Abraham S, Rashid A, Rondon G, Al-Atrash G, Bashir Q, Hosing CM, Kebriaei P, Khouri I, Marin D, Nieto Y, Olson A, Oran B, Popat UR, Qazilbash MH, Ramdial J, Srour S, Champlin RE, Rezvani K, Shpall EJ, Alousi AM. Mycophenolate Mofetil: A Friend or a Foe with PTCy and Tacrolimus Prophylaxis in HLA-Matched donors? Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:500.e1-500.e10. [PMID: 35662592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adapted from the haploidentical literature, post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is increasingly being used with HLA-matched donors, generally with a calcineurin inhibitor, such as tacrolimus (Tac) with or without mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Owing to its immunosuppressive, potentially antitumor, and antimicrobial properties, MMF is an attractive drug; however, it remains unclear how much benefit is gained when used with PTCy/Tac. To assess that, we compared PTCy/Tac (n=242) to PTCy/Tac/MMF (n= 144) in recipients of HLA-matched donors. In multivariate analysis, the PTCy/Tac/MMF group had a significantly higher risk of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; hazard ratio (HR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-2.8, p<0.001), and steroid-refractory/dependent acute GVHD (HR 4.8, 95% CI 2.4-9.6, p<0.001), yet a significantly lower risk of relapse (HR 0.5, 95% CI, 0.3-0.9, p=0.009) and better progression-free survival (PFS; HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9, p=0.04). There was no difference in the risk of grade III-IV acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, non-relapse mortality, or overall survival. MMF was associated with prolonged neutrophil engraftment by 2 days, and a higher risk of bacterial infections. In an exploratory stool microbiome analysis (n=16), we noted a higher relative abundance of β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria in the MMF group, which may have a role in the pathogenesis of MMF-related GVHD. Our data suggest that the addition of MMF to PTCy/Tac for HLA-matched donor HCT does not provide any advantage for GVHD prevention. Further studies are needed to decipher this mechanism, and understand its role with PTCy-based prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohtesh S Mehta
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Rima M Saliba
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Eiko Hayase
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Susan Abraham
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gabriela Rondon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gheath Al-Atrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Qaiser Bashir
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chitra M Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Issa Khouri
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yago Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amanda Olson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Betul Oran
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Uday R Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Muzaffar H Qazilbash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeremy Ramdial
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Samer Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amin M Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Targeting nucleotide metabolism: a promising approach to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:45. [PMID: 35477416 PMCID: PMC9044757 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting nucleotide metabolism can not only inhibit tumor initiation and progression but also exert serious side effects. With in-depth studies of nucleotide metabolism, our understanding of nucleotide metabolism in tumors has revealed their non-proliferative effects on immune escape, indicating the potential effectiveness of nucleotide antimetabolites for enhancing immunotherapy. A growing body of evidence now supports the concept that targeting nucleotide metabolism can increase the antitumor immune response by (1) activating host immune systems via maintaining the concentrations of several important metabolites, such as adenosine and ATP, (2) promoting immunogenicity caused by increased mutability and genomic instability by disrupting the purine and pyrimidine pool, and (3) releasing nucleoside analogs via microbes to regulate immunity. Therapeutic approaches targeting nucleotide metabolism combined with immunotherapy have achieved exciting success in preclinical animal models. Here, we review how dysregulated nucleotide metabolism can promote tumor growth and interact with the host immune system, and we provide future insights into targeting nucleotide metabolism for immunotherapeutic treatment of various malignancies.
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9
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Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081905. [PMID: 35454812 PMCID: PMC9029117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy with eventual emergence of refractory disease. Metabolic shifts, which ensure the availability of sufficient energy to support hyperproliferation of malignant cells, are a hallmark of cancer. Deregulated metabolic pathways have implications for the tumor microenvironment, immune cell function, prognostic significance in MM and anti-myeloma drug resistance. Herein, we summarize recent findings on metabolic abnormalities in MM and clinical implications driven by metabolism that may consequently inspire novel therapeutic interventions. We highlight some future perspectives on metabolism in MM and propose potential targets that might revolutionize the field.
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10
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Hsieh CH, Huang YW, Tsai TF. Oral Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs with Antineoplastic Potential: a Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:835-860. [PMID: 35381976 PMCID: PMC9021342 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing trend of malignancy worldwide. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstones for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), but risk of malignancy is a major concern for patients receiving DMARDs. In addition, many IMIDs already carry higher background risks of neoplasms. Recently, the black box warning of malignancies has been added for Janus kinase inhibitors. Also, the use of biologic DMARDs in patients with established malignancies is usually discouraged owing to exclusion of such patients in pivotal studies and, hence, lack of evidence. In contrast, some conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) have been reported to show antineoplastic properties and can be beneficial for patients with cancer. Among the csDMARDs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been the most extensively studied, and methotrexate is an established chemotherapeutic agent. Even cyclosporine A, a well-known drug associated with cancer risk, can potentiate the effect of some chemotherapeutic agents. We review the possible mechanisms behind and clinical evidence of the antineoplastic activities of csDMARDs, including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, cyclosporine, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and thiopurines. This knowledge may guide physicians in the choice of csDMARDs for patients with concurrent IMIDs and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Huang
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital & National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Hirunsatitpron P, Hanprasertpong N, Noppakun K, Pruksakorn D, Teekachunhatean S, Koonrungsesomboon N. Mycophenolic acid and cancer risk in solid organ transplant recipients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:476-489. [PMID: 34240462 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used for prophylaxis of graft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. The main concern with the prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs is the risk of developing cancer. However, it remains unclear whether the immunosuppressive regimens containing MPA confer an increased degree of cancer risk. The present study aimed to determine the association between MPA exposure and the incidence of cancer in solid organ transplant recipients. METHODS A systematic search was performed on the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Relevant articles that had findings on the incidence (or event) of cancer in cohorts with and without MPA exposure were retrieved for data extraction. A meta-analysis was conducted by means of the random-effects model, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used as a summary effect measure. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were eligible for inclusion, with 32 studies that enabled meta-analysis. MPA exposure was significantly associated with a lower risk of cancer when compared to azathioprine exposure (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.53-0.81, P < .001) or no exposure to any additional treatments (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73-0.99, P = .04). There was no significant difference in cancer risk for the comparison between MPA exposure and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor exposure (RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.96-2.46, P = .07). CONCLUSIONS MPA exposure was not associated with an increased risk of cancer and may even be associated with a lower risk of cancer when compared to azathioprine or no treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannaphak Hirunsatitpron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Master's Degree Program in Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | | | - Kajohnsak Noppakun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Omics Center for Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | | | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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12
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Koomen DC, Meads MB, Magaletti DM, Guingab-Cagmat JD, Oliveira PS, Fang B, Liu M, Welsh EA, Meke LE, Jiang Z, Hampton OA, Tungesvik A, De Avila G, Alugubelli RR, Nishihori T, Silva AS, Eschrich SA, Garrett TJ, Koomen JM, Shain KH. Metabolic Changes Are Associated with Melphalan Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3134-3149. [PMID: 34014671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological malignancy that impacts tens of thousands of people every year in the United States. Treatment for eligible patients involves induction, consolidation with stem cell rescue, and maintenance. High-dose therapy with a DNA alkylating agent, melphalan, remains the primary drug for consolidation therapy in conjunction with autologous stem-cell transplantation; as such, melphalan resistance remains a relevant clinical challenge. Here, we describe a proteometabolomic approach to examine mechanisms of acquired melphalan resistance in two cell line models. Drug metabolism, steady-state metabolomics, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP, data available at PRIDE: PXD019725), acute-treatment metabolomics, and western blot analyses have allowed us to further elucidate metabolic processes associated with melphalan resistance. Proteometabolomic data indicate that drug-resistant cells have higher levels of pentose phosphate pathway metabolites. Purine, pyrimidine, and glutathione metabolisms were commonly altered, and cell-line-specific changes in metabolite levels were observed, which could be linked to the differences in steady-state metabolism of naïve cells. Inhibition of selected enzymes in purine synthesis and pentose phosphate pathways was evaluated to determine their potential to improve melphalan's efficacy. The clinical relevance of these proteometabolomic leads was confirmed by comparison of tumor cell transcriptomes from newly diagnosed MM patients and patients with relapsed disease after treatment with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem-cell transplantation. The observation of common and cell-line-specific changes in metabolite levels suggests that omic approaches will be needed to fully examine melphalan resistance in patient specimens and define personalized strategies to optimize the use of high-dose melphalan.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Koomen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Mark B Meads
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Dario M Magaletti
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Joy D Guingab-Cagmat
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Paula S Oliveira
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Bin Fang
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Min Liu
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Eric A Welsh
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Laurel E Meke
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | | | | | - Alexandre Tungesvik
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Gabriel De Avila
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | | | - Taiga Nishihori
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Ariosto S Silva
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Steven A Eschrich
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - John M Koomen
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Kenneth H Shain
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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13
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Koehler A, Karve A, Desai P, Arbiser J, Plas DR, Qi X, Read RD, Sasaki AT, Gawali VS, Toukam DK, Bhattacharya D, Kallay L, Pomeranz Krummel DA, Sengupta S. Reuse of Molecules for Glioblastoma Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:99. [PMID: 33525329 PMCID: PMC7912673 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain tumor. The current standard of care for GBM is the Stupp protocol which includes surgical resection, followed by radiotherapy concomitant with the DNA alkylator temozolomide; however, survival under this treatment regimen is an abysmal 12-18 months. New and emerging treatments include the application of a physical device, non-invasive 'tumor treating fields' (TTFs), including its concomitant use with standard of care; and varied vaccines and immunotherapeutics being trialed. Some of these approaches have extended life by a few months over standard of care, but in some cases are only available for a minority of GBM patients. Extensive activity is also underway to repurpose and reposition therapeutics for GBM, either alone or in combination with the standard of care. In this review, we present select molecules that target different pathways and are at various stages of clinical translation as case studies to illustrate the rationale for their repurposing-repositioning and potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Aniruddha Karve
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cincinnati James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (A.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - David R. Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Renee D. Read
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Atsuo T. Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (X.Q.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Vaibhavkumar S. Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Donatien K. Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (V.S.G.); (D.K.T.); (D.B.); (L.K.); (D.A.P.K.)
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14
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Benjanuwattra J, Chaiyawat P, Pruksakorn D, Koonrungsesomboon N. Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of mycophenolic acid as an anticancer agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173580. [PMID: 32949604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an immunosuppressive drug approved for the prophylaxis of allograft rejection in transplant recipients. Recent advances in the role of the type II isoform of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH2) in the tumorigenesis of various types of cancer have called for a second look of MPA, the first IMPDH2 inhibitor discovered a hundred years ago, to be repurposed as an anticancer agent. Over a half century, a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have consistently shown anticancer activity of MPA against several cell lines obtained from different malignancies and murine models. However, a few clinical trials have been conducted to investigate its anticancer activity in humans, and most of which have shown unsatisfactory results. Understanding of available evidence and underlying mechanism of action is a key step to be done so as to facilitate further investigations of MPA to reach its full therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent. This article provides a comprehensive review of non-clinical and clinical evidence available to date, with the emphasis on the molecular mechanism of action in which MPA exerts its anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, induction of cell cycle arrest, and alteration of tumor microenvironment. Future perspective for further development of MPA to be an anticancer agent is extensively discussed, with the aim of translating the anticancer property of MPA from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center (MSTR), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Omics Center for Health Sciences (OCHS), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center (MSTR), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Omics Center for Health Sciences (OCHS), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center (MSTR), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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15
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Koonrungsesomboon N, Ngamphaiboon N, Townamchai N, Teeyakasem P, Charoentum C, Charoenkwan P, Natesirinilkul R, Sathitsamitphong L, Ativitavas T, Chaiyawat P, Klangjorhor J, Hongeng S, Pruksakorn D. Phase II, multi-center, open-label, single-arm clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil in patients with high-grade locally advanced or metastatic osteosarcoma (ESMMO): rationale and design of the ESMMO trial. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 32228535 PMCID: PMC7106788 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical outcomes of patients with osteosarcoma remain unsatisfactory, with little improvement in a 5-year overall survival over the past three decades. There is a substantial need for further research and development to identify and develop more efficacious agents/regimens in order to improve clinical outcomes of patients for whom the prognosis is unfavorable. Recently, mycophenolate mofetil, a prodrug of mycophenolic acid, has been found to have anticancer activity against osteosarcoma in both in vitro and animal experiments, so that further investigation in humans is warranted. METHODS A total of 27 patients with high-grade locally advanced or metastatic osteosarcoma will be enrolled into this phase II, multi-center, open-label, single-arm, two-stage clinical trial. The main objectives of this study are to determine the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in the patients. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival at 16 weeks; the secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, overall survival, overall response rate, safety parameters, pharmacokinetic parameters, biomarkers, pain score, and quality of life. Mycophenolate mofetil at the initial dose of 5 g/day or lower will be administered for 4 cycles (28 days/cycle) or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The dose of mycophenolate mofetil may be reduced by 1-2 g/day or withheld for some Grade 3 or Grade 4 toxicities whenever clinically needed. The duration of study participation is approximately 4-5 months, with a minimum of 12 study visits. If mycophenolate mofetil proves beneficial to some patients, as evidenced by stable disease or partial response at 16 weeks, administration of mycophenolate mofetil will continue in the extension period. DISCUSSION This trial is the first step in the translation of therapeutic potential of mycophenolate mofetil emerging from in vitro and animal studies into the clinical domain. It is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with high-grade locally advanced or metastatic osteosarcoma. The results will provide important information about whether or not mycophenolate mofetil is worth further development. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered on Thai Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: TCTR20190701001). The posted information will be updated as needed to reflect protocol amendments and study progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Muscoloskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Natavudh Townamchai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Muscoloskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiyut Charoentum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pimlak Charoenkwan
- Departmnet of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Touch Ativitavas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Muscoloskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Muscoloskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Muscoloskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros, Sriphoom, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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16
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Klangjorhor J, Chaiyawat P, Teeyakasem P, Sirikaew N, Phanphaisarn A, Settakorn J, Lirdprapamongkol K, Yama S, Svasti J, Pruksakorn D. Mycophenolic acid is a drug with the potential to be repurposed for suppressing tumor growth and metastasis in osteosarcoma treatment. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:3397-3409. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeerawan Klangjorhor
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Parunya Chaiyawat
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Pimpisa Teeyakasem
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nutnicha Sirikaew
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Areerak Phanphaisarn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Jongkolnee Settakorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | | | - Sarawoot Yama
- Laboratory Animal Center Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Chulabhorn Research Institute Bangkok Thailand
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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17
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Anti-Tumor Potential of IMP Dehydrogenase Inhibitors: A Century-Long Story. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091346. [PMID: 31514446 PMCID: PMC6770829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purine nucleotides ATP and GTP are essential precursors to DNA and RNA synthesis and fundamental for energy metabolism. Although de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis is increased in highly proliferating cells, such as malignant tumors, it is not clear if this is merely a secondary manifestation of increased cell proliferation. Suggestive of a direct causative effect includes evidence that, in some cancer types, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo GTP biosynthesis, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), is upregulated and that the IMPDH inhibitor, mycophenolic acid (MPA), possesses anti-tumor activity. However, historically, enthusiasm for employing IMPDH inhibitors in cancer treatment has been mitigated by their adverse effects at high treatment doses and variable response. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanistic role of IMPDH in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, as well as the development of IMPDH inhibitors with selective actions on GTP synthesis, have prompted a reappraisal of targeting this enzyme for anti-cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the history of IMPDH inhibitors, the development of new inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs, and future directions and strategies to overcome existing challenges.
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18
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Chen K, Cao W, Li J, Sprengers D, Hernanda PY, Kong X, van der Laan LJW, Man K, Kwekkeboom J, Metselaar HJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Differential Sensitivities of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Cancer Cells to Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2 Inhibition by Mycophenolic Acid. Mol Med 2015; 21:792-802. [PMID: 26467706 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As uncontrolled cell proliferation requires nucleotide biosynthesis, inhibiting enzymes that mediate nucleotide biosynthesis constitutes a rational approach to the management of oncological diseases. In practice, however, results of this strategy are mixed and thus elucidation of the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade the effect of nucleotide biosynthesis restriction is urgently needed. Here we explored the notion that intrinsic differences in cancer cell cycle velocity are important in the resistance toward inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) by mycophenolic acid (MPA). In short-term experiments, MPA treatment of fast-growing cancer cells effectively elicited G0/G1 arrest and provoked apoptosis, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and colony formation. Forced expression of a mutated IMPDH2, lacking a binding site for MPA but retaining enzymatic activity, resulted in complete resistance of cancer cells to MPA. In nude mice subcutaneously engrafted with HeLa cells, MPA moderately delayed tumor formation by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Importantly, we developed a lentiviral vector-based Tet-on label-retaining system that enables to identify, isolate and functionally characterize slow-cycling or so-called label-retaining cells (LRCs) in vitro and in vivo. We surprisingly found the presence of LRCs in fast-growing tumors. LRCs were superior in colony formation, tumor initiation and resistance to MPA as compared with fast-cycling cells. Thus, the slow-cycling compartment of cancer seems predominantly responsible for resistance to MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pratika Y Hernanda
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Biomolecular Research Center, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Pankiewicz KW, Felczak K. From ribavirin to NAD analogues and back to ribavirin in search for anticancer agents. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2015-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractRibavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent is used in the clinic alone or in combination with other antivirals and/or interferons. Numerous structural analogues of ribavirin have been developed, among them tiazofurin, which is inactive against viruses but is a potent anticancer drug. Tiazofurin was found to inhibit nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) after metabolic conversion into tiazofurin adenine dinucleotide (TAD), which binds well but could not serve as IMPDH cofactor. TAD showed high selectivity against human IMPDH vs. other cellular dehydrogenases. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was even more specific, binding at the cofactor-binding domain of IMPDH. Ribavirin adenine dinucleotide, however, did not show any significant inhibition at the enzymatic level. We synthesized numerous NAD analogues in which natural nicotinamide riboside was replaced by tiazofurin, MPA moiety, or benzamide riboside, and the adenosine moiety as well as the pyrophosphate linker were broadly modified. Some of these compounds were found to be low nanomolar inhibitors of the enzyme and sub-micromolar inhibitors of cancer cell line proliferation. The best were as potent as tyrosine kinase inhibitor gleevec heralded as a ‘magic bullet’ against chronic myelogenous leukemia. In recent years, ribavirin was rediscovered as a potential anticancer agent against number of tumors including leukemia. It was clearly established that its antitumor activity is related to the inhibition of an oncogene, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF4E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof W. Pankiewicz
- 1University of Minnesota Center for Drug Design, MMC 204, 516 Delaware Street NE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Krzysztof Felczak
- 1University of Minnesota Center for Drug Design, MMC 204, 516 Delaware Street NE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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20
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A Review of the Potential Utility of Mycophenolate Mofetil as a Cancer Therapeutic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/423401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells adapt to their high metabolic state by increasing energy production. To this end, current efforts in molecular cancer therapeutics have been focused on signaling pathways that modulate cellular metabolism. However, targeting such signaling pathways is challenging due to heterogeneity of tumors and recurrent oncogenic mutations. A critical need remains to develop antitumor drugs that target tumor specific pathways. Here, we discuss an energy metabolic pathway that is preferentially activated in several cancers as a potential target for molecular cancer therapy. In vitro studies have revealed that many cancer cells synthesize guanosine triphosphate (GTP), via the de novo purine nucleotide synthesis pathway by upregulating the rate limiting enzyme of this pathway, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Non-proliferating cells use an alternative purine nucleotide synthesis pathway, the salvage pathway, to synthesize GTP. These observations pose IMPDH as a potential target to suppress tumor cell growth. The IMPDH inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is an FDA-approved immunosuppressive drug. Accumulating evidence shows that, in addition to its immunosuppressive effects, MMF also has antitumor effects via IMPDH inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the literature on IMPDH as related to tumorigenesis and the use of MMF as a potential antitumor drug.
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21
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Juda P, Smigová J, Kováčik L, Bártová E, Raška I. Ultrastructure of cytoplasmic and nuclear inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 "rods and rings" inclusions. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:739-50. [PMID: 24980853 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414543853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the critical step in the de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides: the oxidation of inosine monophosphate to xanthosine monophosphate. This reaction can be inhibited by specific inhibitors, such as ribavirin or mycophenolic acid, which are widely used in clinical treatment when required to inhibit the proliferation of viruses or cells. However, it was recently found that such an inhibition affects the cells, leading to a redistribution of IMPDH2 and the appearance of IMPDH2 inclusions in the cytoplasm. According to their shape, these inclusions have been termed "Rods and Rings" (R&R). In this work, we focused on the subcellular localization of IMPDH2 protein and the ultrastructure of R&R inclusions. Using microscopy and western blot analysis, we show the presence of nuclear IMPDH2 in human cells. We also show that the nuclear pool has an ability to form Rod structures after inhibition by ribavirin. Concerning the ultrastructure, we observed that R&R inclusions in cellulo correspond to the accumulation of fibrous material that is not surrounded by a biological membrane. The individual fibers are composed of regularly repeating subunits with a length of approximately 11 nm. Together, our findings describe the localization of IMPDH2 inside the nucleus of human cells as well as the ultrastructure of R&R inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Juda
- Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Czech Republic (PJ, JS, LK, IR)Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic (EB)
| | - Jana Smigová
- Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Czech Republic (PJ, JS, LK, IR)Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic (EB)
| | - Lubomír Kováčik
- Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Czech Republic (PJ, JS, LK, IR)Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic (EB)
| | - Eva Bártová
- Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Czech Republic (PJ, JS, LK, IR)Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic (EB)
| | - Ivan Raška
- Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Czech Republic (PJ, JS, LK, IR)Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic (EB)
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Chen K, Man K, Metselaar HJ, Janssen HLA, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Rationale of personalized immunosuppressive medication for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:261-9. [PMID: 24376158 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is not eligible for surgical resection. However, disease recurrence is the main challenge to the success of this treatment. Immunosuppressants that are universally used after transplantation to prevent graft rejection could potentially have a significant impact on HCC recurrence. Nevertheless, current research is exclusively focused on mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, which are thought to be the only class of immunosuppressive agents that can reduce HCC recurrence. In fact, substantial evidence from the bench to the bedside indicates that other classes of immunosuppressants may also exert diverse effects; for example, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors potentially have antitumor effects. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential effects of different types of immunosuppressants on HCC recurrence and their mechanisms of action from both experimental and clinical perspectives. To ultimately improve the outcomes of HCC patients after transplantation, we propose a concept and approaches for developing personalized immunosuppressive medication to be used either as immunosuppression maintenance or during the prevention/treatment of HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Chen
- Bio-X Center, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Activity of 129 single-agent drugs in 228 phase I and II clinical trials in multiple myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2013; 14:284-290.e5. [PMID: 24565465 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 400 preclinical studies report ≥ 1 compound as cytotoxic to multiple myeloma (MM) cells; however, few of these agents became relevant in the clinic. Thus, the utility of such assays in predicting future clinical value is debatable. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the application of early-phase trial experiences to predict future clinical adoption. We identified 129 drugs explored as single agents in 228 trials involving 7421 patients between 1961 and 2013. RESULTS All drugs in common use in MM (melphalan, dexamethasone, prednisone, cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, bortezomib, carfilzomib, and doxorubicin) demonstrated a best reported response rate of ≥ 22%. Older agents, including teniposide, fotemustine, paclitaxel, and interferon, also appear active by this criterion; however, if mean response rates from all reported trials for an agent are considered, then only drugs with a mean response rate of 15% partial response are in clinical use. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that thresholds of 20% for best or 15% for mean response are highly predictive of future clinical success. Below these thresholds, no drug has yet reached regulatory approval or widespread use in the clinic. Thus, this benchmark provides 1 element of the framework for guiding choice of drugs for late-stage clinical testing.
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24
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Wu TY, Peng Y, Pelleymounter LL, Moon I, Eckloff BW, Wieben ED, Yee VC, Weinshilboum RM. Pharmacogenetics of the mycophenolic acid targets inosine monophosphate dehydrogenases IMPDH1 and IMPDH2: gene sequence variation and functional genomics. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:1584-98. [PMID: 20718729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenases, encoded by IMPDH1 and IMPDH2, are targets for the important immunosuppressive drug, mycophenolic acid (MPA). Variation in MPA response may result, in part, from genetic variation in IMPDH1 and IMPDH2. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We resequenced IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 using DNA from 288 individuals from three ethnic groups and performed functional genomic studies of the sequence variants observed. KEY RESULTS We identified 73 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IMPDH1, 59 novel, and 25 SNPs, 24 novel, in IMPDH2. One novel IMPDH1 allozyme (Leu275) had 10.2% of the wild-type activity as a result of accelerated protein degradation. Decreased activity of the previously reported IMPDH2 Phe263 allozyme was primarily due to decreased protein quantity, also with accelerated degradation. These observations with regard to the functional implications of variant allozymes were supported by the IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 X-ray crystal structures. A novel IMPDH2 intron 1 SNP, G > C IVS1(93), was associated with decreased mRNA quantity, possibly because of altered transcription. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide insight into the nature and extent of sequence variation in the IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 genes. They also describe the influence of gene sequence variation that alters the encoded amino acids on IMPDH function and provide a foundation for future translational studies designed to correlate sequence variation in these genes with outcomes in patients treated with MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-Y Wu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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25
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Wu TY, Fridley BL, Jenkins GD, Batzler A, Wang L, Weinshilboum RM. Mycophenolic acid response biomarkers: a cell line model system-based genome-wide screen. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1057-64. [PMID: 21396482 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is commonly used to treat patients with solid organ transplants during maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. Response to MPA varies widely, both for efficacy and drug-induced toxicity. A portion of this variation can be explained by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors, including genetic variation in MPA-metabolizing UDP-glucuronyltransferase isoforms and the MPA targets, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 and 2. However, much of the variation in MPA response presently remains unexplained. We set out to determine whether there might be additional genes that modify response to MPA by performing a genome-wide association study between basal gene mRNA expression profiles and an MPA cytotoxicity phenotype using a 271 human lymphoblastoid cell line model system to identify and functionally validate genes that might contribute to variation in MPA response. Our association study identified 41 gene expression probe sets, corresponding to 35 genes, that were associated with MPA cytotoxicity as a drug response phenotype (p<1×10(-6)). Follow-up siRNA-mediated knockdown-based functional validation identified four of these candidate genes, C17orf108, CYBRD1, NASP, and RRM2, whose knockdown shifted the MPA cytotoxicity curves in the direction predicted by the association analysis. These studies have identified novel candidate genes that may contribute to variation in response to MPA therapy and, as a result, may help make it possible to move toward more highly individualized MPA-based immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Yu Wu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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26
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Domhan S, Zeier M, Abdollahi A. Immunosuppressive therapy and post-transplant malignancy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Chen L, Wilson DJ, Labello NP, Jayaram HN, Pankiewicz KW. Mycophenolic acid analogs with a modified metabolic profile. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen L, Wilson D, Jayaram HN, Pankiewicz KW. Dual inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and histone deacetylases for cancer treatment. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6685-91. [PMID: 18038969 DOI: 10.1021/jm070864w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of IMP-dehydrogenase (IMPDH), is used worldwide in transplantation. Recently, numerous studies showed its importance in cancer treatment. Consequently, MPA entered clinical trials in advanced multiple myeloma patients. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a potent differentiation agent acting through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), was recently approved for treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. We report herein the synthesis of dual inhibitors of IMPDH and HDACs. We found that mycophenolic hydroxamic acid (9, MAHA) inhibits both IMPDH (Ki=30 nM) and HDAC (IC50=5.0 microM). A modification of SAHA with groups known to interact with IMPDH afforded a SAHA analogue 14, which inhibits IMPDH (Ki=1.7 microM) and HDAC (IC50=0.06 microM). Both MAHA (IC50=4.8 microM) and SAHA analogue 14 (IC50=7.7 microM) were more potent than parent compounds as antiproliferation agents. They were also significantly more potent as differentiation inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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29
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Tuncyurek P, Mayer JM, Klug F, Dillmann S, Henne-Bruns D, Keller F, Stracke S. Everolimus and mycophenolate mofetil sensitize human pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine in vitro: a novel adjunct to standard chemotherapy? Eur Surg Res 2007; 39:380-7. [PMID: 17700025 DOI: 10.1159/000107356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gemcitabine improves survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A variety of drugs have been tested to potentiate gemcitabine treatment for pancreatic cancer cells. Two major immunosuppressive drugs, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and everolimus (RAD001) have been shown to exert an anti-tumoral effect, but their ability to sensitize human pancreatic cell lines during gemcitabine treatment remains unclear. We examined the effects of everolimus and MMF on gemcitabine-treated MiaPaCa and Panc-1 cell lines. METHODS MiaPaCa and Panc-1 human pancreatic tumor cell lines were subjected to everolimus (0.001-1 microg/ml) or MMF (0.1-100 microg/ml) treatment in combination with gemcitabine (1-10(6) nM). Western blot analysis was performed for Panc-1 cells in the presence or absence of TGF-beta1 and different treatments: 0.1-100 muicro/ml MMF and 0.1-100 microg/ml everolimus. The antiproliferative effect of the treatment was assessed by BrdU test. The results were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc tests, and nonlinear regression analysis for dose-response rates. RESULTS As expected, standard treatment doses of gemcitabine decreased proliferation dose-dependently. Everolimus increased the actual EC(50) response to gemcitabine treatment (1-10(3) nM) to as much as 83.1 and 82.1% in MiaPaCa and Panc-1 cell lines, respectively. Likewise, concomitant administration with MMF altered the EC(50) of gemcitabine treatment in MiaPaCa cell lines to values between 76.8 and 85.2% for doses of >or=1 microg/ml. Even the minor dose of MMF (0.1 microg/ml) increased the antiproliferative effect of gemcitabine by 43.5% for MiaPaCa and 42.4% for Panc-1 cells. In addition, treatment of Panc-1 cells with MMF (0.1-100 microg/ml) dose-dependently inhibited TGF-beta1-induced collagen expression. CONCLUSION We found an overadditive antiproliferative effect of both MMF and everolimus in gemcitabine-treated MiaPaCa and Panc-1 cells in vitro, and an additional inhibitory effect of MMF on TGF-beta1-induced collagen type I expression. Interestingly, both the sensitizing effect of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine treatment and the inhibition of collagen type I expression could be achieved by clinically feasible doses of everolimus and MMF. The use of these drugs is promising as a novel adjunct to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tuncyurek
- Department of Surgery, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Végso G, Sebestyén A, Paku S, Barna G, Hajdu M, Tóth M, Járay J, Kopper L. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of mycophenolic acid in human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1003-8. [PMID: 17320952 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA)/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a powerful immunosuppressive agent was tested on human B-lymphoma cells (Epstein-Barr virus +/-) in vitro and in SCID mouse xenograft model. Proliferation, apoptotic activity and tumor volume were evaluated. MPA inhibited lymphoma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis (50-60% at 72 h). In vivo, oral administration significantly inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly decreased proliferation rate and higher apoptotic activity in tumors treated with MMF. Xenografted lymphoma cells remained sensitive to MPA. Our results suggest that MPA may be recommended as an additional component of lymphoma chemotherapeutical regimens, with special considerations to post-transplant lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Végso
- Semmelweis University, Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Takebe N, Cheng X, Fandy TE, Srivastava RK, Wu S, Shankar S, Bauer K, Shaughnessy J, Tricot G. IMP dehydrogenase inhibitor mycophenolate mofetil induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition in multiple myeloma cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:457-66. [PMID: 16505121 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable disease for the majority of patients, therefore requiring new biological targeted therapies. In primary myeloma cells, IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was shown to be consistently overexpressed. We therefore tested the IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) currently available as a clinical therapeutic agent for its antimyeloma activity in vitro. MMF depleted intracellular guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) levels in myeloma cells. We showed apoptosis induction in myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells between 1 and 5 mumol/L MMF. MMF was also cytotoxic at this concentration in dexamethasone-resistant and Mcl-1-overexpressed myeloma cell lines shown by the tetrazolium salt XTT assay along with cell survival measured by a modified flow cytometric assay. Apoptosis was not inhibited by the presence of an antioxidant, suggesting that MMF-induced apoptosis is less likely to be associated with reactive oxygen species. However, apoptosis was abrogated by exogenously added guanosine, which activates an alternative pathway for GTP formation, implicating that this effect is directly mediated by IMPDH inhibition. MMF-induced G1-S phase cell cycle arrest and its apoptosis induction mechanism were associated with a caspase-dependent pathway as shown by alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release followed by activation of the caspases. MMF-induced apoptosis was also inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. MMF-treated myeloma cells showed an up-regulation of Bak, which most likely together with Bax resulted in the release of cytochrome c. In summary, MMF attenuates G1-S phase cell cycle progression and activates the pathway of mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to cytochrome c release followed by activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takebe
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, 655 West Baltimore Street, BRB 7-029, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Ishitsuka K, Hideshima T, Hamasaki M, Raje N, Kumar S, Podar K, Le Gouill S, Shiraishi N, Yasui H, Roccaro AM, Tai YZ, Chauhan D, Fram R, Tamura K, Jain J, Anderson KC. Novel inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor VX-944 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells primarily via caspase-independent AIF/Endo G pathway. Oncogene 2005; 24:5888-96. [PMID: 15940263 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a rate-limiting enzyme required for the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides from IMP. VX-944 (Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA) is a small-molecule, selective, noncompetitive inhibitor directed against human IMPDH. In this report, we show that VX-944 inhibits in vitro growth of human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines via induction of apoptosis. Interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor-1, or co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) do not protect against VX-944-induced MM cell growth inhibition. VX-944 induced apoptosis in MM cell lines with only modest activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. Furthermore, the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk did not inhibit VX-944-induced apoptosis and cell death. During VX-944-induced apoptosis, expressions of Bax and Bak were enhanced, and both apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G) were released from the mitochondria to cytosol, suggesting that VX-944 triggers apoptosis in MM cells primarily via a caspase-independent, Bax/AIF/Endo G pathway. Importantly, VX-944 augments the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and melphalan even in the presence of BMSCs. Taken together, our data demonstrate a primarily non-caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway triggered by VX-944, thereby providing a rationale to enhance MM cell cytotoxicity by combining this agent with conventional agents which trigger caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishitsuka
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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