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Saito T, Kurokawa Y, Fujitani K, Kawabata R, Takeno A, Mikami J, Endo S, Matsuyama J, Akamaru Y, Hirota M, Kishi K, Urakawa S, Yamamoto K, Tanaka K, Takahashi T, Oka M, Wada H, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Serum NY-ESO-1 antibody as a predictive biomarker for postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer: a multicenter prospective observational study. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1157-1165. [PMID: 38326601 PMCID: PMC10991393 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No reliable marker has been identified to predict postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer. We designed a clinical trial to investigate the utility of serum NY-ESO-1 antibody responses as a predictive marker for postoperative recurrence in gastric cancer. METHODS A multicenter prospective study was conducted between 2012 and 2021. Patients with resectable cT3-4 gastric cancer were included. Postoperative NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibody responses were serially evaluated every 3 months for 1 year in patients with positive preoperative antibody responses. The recurrence rate was assessed by the positivity of antibody responses at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS Among 1001 patients, preoperative NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibody responses were positive in 12.6% and 18.1% of patients, respectively. NY-ESO-1 antibody responses became negative postoperatively in non-recurrent patients (negativity rates; 45% and 78% at 3 and 12 months, respectively), but remained positive in recurrent patients (negativity rates; 9% and 8%, respectively). p53 antibody responses remained positive in non-recurrent patients. In multivariate analysis, NY-ESO-1 antibody positivity at 3 months (P < 0.03) and 12 months (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for a shorter recurrence-free interval. CONCLUSIONS Serum NY-ESO-1 antibodies may be a useful predictive marker for postoperative recurrence in gastric cancer. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000007925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Fujitani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Takeno
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Jota Mikami
- Department of Surgery, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shunji Endo
- Department of Surgery, Higashi-Osaka Medical Center, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Jin Matsuyama
- Department of Surgery, Yao Municipal Hospital, Yao, Japan
| | - Yusuke Akamaru
- Department of Surgery, Ikeda City Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirota
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kishi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Urakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mikio Oka
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Kawada J, Saito T, Kurokawa Y, Kawabata R, Takeno A, Takeoka T, Nose Y, Wada H, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Serum NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibodies as useful tumor markers in gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2024; 8:243-250. [PMID: 38455491 PMCID: PMC10914697 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The NY-ESO-1 antigen is highly immunogenic and often spontaneously induces an immune response in patients with cancer. We conducted a large-scale multicenter cohort study to investigate the utility of serum NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibodies as predictive markers for the postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer. Here, we examined the usefulness of pre-treatment NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibodies as tumor markers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Methods A total of 1031 patients with cT3-4 gastric cancer were enrolled in the study. NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibodies were assessed prior to treatment. The positivity of NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibodies, CEA, and CA19-9 was evaluated before treatment. Results Serum NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibodies were positive in 12.6% and 18.1% of the patients, respectively. Positive NY-ESO-1 antibody response was correlated with male gender, higher cStage, and upper tumor location. However, a positive p53 antibody response was not associated with tumor factors. The combination of NY-ESO-1 or p53 antibody response with CEA and CA19-9, or the 4-factors, was positive in 45.1%, 49.6%, and 53.8% of patients, respectively. Moreover, the 4-factor combination was able to detect >60% of cStage III-IV diseases, which was 14% higher than that with the combination of CEA and CA19-9. Conclusion The combination of NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibody responses to CEA and CA19-9 increases the diagnostic accuracy of gastric cancer. Serum NY-ESO-1 and p53 antibodies may be useful tumor markers for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Kawada
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka General Medical CenterOsakaJapan
- Department of SurgeryKaizuka City HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | | | - Atsushi Takeno
- Department of SurgeryKansai Rosai HospitalAmagasakiJapan
| | - Tomohira Takeoka
- Department of SurgeryHyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya HospitalNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Yohei Nose
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor ImmunologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
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Amissah OB, Chen W, de Dieu Habimana J, Sun Y, Lin L, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Mukama O, Basnet R, Liu H, Li J, Ding X, Lv L, Chen M, Liang Y, Huang R, Li Z. NY-ESO-1-specific T cell receptor-engineered T cells and Tranilast, a TRPV2 antagonist bivalent treatment enhances the killing of esophageal cancer: a dual-targeted cancer therapeutic route. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:64. [PMID: 38336680 PMCID: PMC10858587 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is a global canker notorious for causing high mortality due to its relentless incidence rate, convoluted with unyielding recurrence and metastasis. However, these intricacies of EC are associated with an immoderate expression of NY-ESO-1 antigen, presenting a lifeline for adoptive T cell therapy. We hypothesized that naturally isolated higher-affinity T cell receptors (TCRs) that bind to NY-ESO-1 would allow T lymphocytes to target EC with a pronounced antitumor response efficacy. Also, targeting TRPV2, which is associated with tumorigenesis in EC, creates an avenue for dual-targeted therapy. We exploited the dual-targeting antitumor efficacy against EC. METHODS We isolated antigen-specific TCRs (asTCRs) from a naive library constructed with TCRs obtained from enriched cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The robustness of our asTCRs and their TCR-T cell derivatives, Tranilast (TRPV2 inhibitor), and their bivalent treatment were evaluated with prospective cross-reactive human-peptide variants and tumor cells. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that our naive unenhanced asTCRs and their TCR-Ts perpetuated their cognate HLA-A*02:01/NY-ESO-1(157-165) specificity, killing varying EC cells with higher cytotoxicity compared to the known affinity-enhanced TCR (TCRe) and its wild-type (TCR0) which targets the same NY-ESO-1 antigen. Furthermore, the TCR-Ts and Tranilast bivalent treatment showed superior EC killing compared to any of their monovalent treatments of either TCR-T or Tranilast. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that dual-targeted immunotherapy may have a superior antitumor effect. Our study presents a technique to evolve novel, robust, timely therapeutic strategies and interventions for EC and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obed Boadi Amissah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Wenfang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yirong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Lihui Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Omar Mukama
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Rajesh Basnet
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hohua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junyi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuanyan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingshuang Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yalin Liang
- GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Rongqi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Qu H, Tan L, Wu FC, Huang W, Li K, Chen X, Xu YW, Hu X. NY-ESO-1 antigen-antibody interaction process based on an TFBG plasmonic sensor. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5921-5931. [PMID: 38021116 PMCID: PMC10659779 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies against New York esophageal squamous cell cancer 1 (NY-ESO-1) play a crucial role in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. In this work, a surface plasmonic tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) biosensor is proposed for the detection of NY-ESO-1 antibody, as well as the investigation of the hook effect (which refers to the false negative result in some immunoassays when the concentration of antibodies in the sample is very high) during biomolecular binding between NY-ESO-1 antigen and antibody. The biosensor is made by an 18° TFBG coated with a 50-nm-thick gold film over the fiber surface together with NY-ESO-1 antigens attached to the metallic surface serving as bio-receptors. This biosensor can provide a limit of detection at a concentration of 2 × 10-7 µg/ml with a good linearity in the range from 2 × 10-7 to 2 × 10-5 µg/ml. For a concentration higher than 2 × 10-3 µg/ml, the performance of the sensor probe is reduced owing to the hook effect. Furthermore, experimental results have also demonstrated the repeatability of the proposed biosensor. This proposed biosensor features label-free, compactness, and fast response, which could be potentially applied in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Linyao Tan
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Fang-Cai Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiyuan Huang
- Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Kaiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering and Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuehao Hu
- Department of Electromagnetism and Telecommunication, University of Mons, Boulevard Dolez 31, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Ai H, Yang H, Li L, Ma J, Liu K, Li Z. Cancer/testis antigens: promising immunotherapy targets for digestive tract cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190883. [PMID: 37398650 PMCID: PMC10311965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive tract cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, are the major cause of death among cancer patients worldwide due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, which limits the effectiveness of traditional treatment methods. Immunotherapy represents a promising treatment strategy for improving the prognosis of patients with digestive tract cancers. However, the clinical application of this approach is limited by the absence of optimal targets. Cancer/testis antigens are characterized by low or absent expression in normal tissues, but high expression in tumor tissues, making them an attractive target for antitumor immunotherapy. Recent preclinical trials have shown promising results for cancer/testis antigen-targeted immunotherapy in digestive cancer. However, practical problems and difficulties in clinical application remain. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancers, covering their expression, function, and potential as an immunotherapy target. Additionally, the current state of cancer/testis antigens in digestive tract cancer immunotherapy is discussed, and we predict that these antigens hold great promise as an avenue for breakthroughs in the treatment of digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihan Ai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China-United States (US) Hormel (Henan) Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Thelen M, Keller D, Lehmann J, Wennhold K, Weitz H, Bauer E, Gathof B, Brüggemann M, Kotrova M, Quaas A, Mallmann C, Chon SH, Hillmer AM, Bruns C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Garcia-Marquez MA, Schlößer HA. Immune responses against shared antigens are common in esophago-gastric cancer and can be enhanced using CD40-activated B cells. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005200. [PMID: 36600602 PMCID: PMC9743382 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific immune response is a hallmark of cancer immunotherapy and shared tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are important targets. Recent advances using combined cellular therapy against multiple TAAs renewed the interest in this class of antigens. Our study aims to determine the role of TAAs in esophago-gastric adenocarcinoma (EGA). METHODS RNA expression was assessed by NanoString in tumor samples of 41 treatment-naïve EGA patients. Endogenous T cell and antibody responses against the 10 most relevant TAAs were determined by FluoroSpot and protein-bound bead assays. Digital image analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of TAAs and T-cell abundance. T-cell receptor sequencing, in vitro expansion with autologous CD40-activated B cells (CD40Bs) and in vitro cytotoxicity assays were applied to determine specific expansion, clonality and cytotoxic activity of expanded T cells. RESULTS 68.3% of patients expressed ≥5 TAAs simultaneously with coregulated clusters, which were similar to data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=505). Endogenous cellular or humoral responses against ≥1 TAA were detectable in 75.0% and 53.7% of patients, respectively. We found a correlation of T-cell abundance and the expression of TAAs and genes related to antigen presentation. TAA-specific T-cell responses were polyclonal, could be induced or enhanced using autologous CD40Bs and were cytotoxic in vitro. Despite the frequent expression of TAAs co-occurrence with immune responses was rare. CONCLUSIONS We identified the most relevant TAAs in EGA for monitoring of clinical trials and as therapeutic targets. Antigen-escape rather than missing immune response should be considered as mechanism underlying immunotherapy resistance of EGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thelen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Diandra Keller
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Lehmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wennhold
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Weitz
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eugen Bauer
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Gathof
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Brüggemann
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michaela Kotrova
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Mallmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Seung-Hun Chon
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel M Hillmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, München, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Alejandra Garcia-Marquez
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Anton Schlößer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department of General, Visceral, Cancer and Transplantation Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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To N, Evans RPT, Pearce H, Kamarajah SK, Moss P, Griffiths EA. Current and Future Immunotherapy-Based Treatments for Oesophageal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3104. [PMID: 35804876 PMCID: PMC9265112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is a disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the prognosis of this condition has hardly improved in the past few years. Standard treatment includes a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery; however, only a proportion of patients go on to treatment intended to cure the disease due to the late presentation of this disease. New treatment options are of utmost importance, and immunotherapy is a new option that has the potential to transform the landscape of this disease. This treatment is developed to act on the changes within the immune system caused by cancer, including checkpoint inhibitors, which have recently shown great promise in the treatment of this disease and have recently been included in the adjuvant treatment of oesophageal cancer in many countries worldwide. This review will outline the mechanisms by which cancer evades the immune system in those diagnosed with oesophageal cancer and will summarize current and ongoing trials that focus on the use of our own immune system to combat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie To
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Richard P. T. Evans
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Hayden Pearce
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Sivesh K. Kamarajah
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Ewen A. Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (N.T.); (R.P.T.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SY, UK
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8
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Sakano Y, Noda T, Kobayashi S, Sasaki K, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Tomimaru Y, Akita H, Gotoh K, Takahashi H, Asaoka T, Tanemura M, Wada H, Doki Y, Eguchi H. Tumor endothelial cell-induced CD8(+) T-cell exhaustion via GPNMB in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1625-1638. [PMID: 35289033 PMCID: PMC9128167 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) promote tumor angiogenesis and regulate cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, the roles of TECs for tumor‐infiltrating T‐cell in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate how TECs influenced tumor growth and immune responses of HCC focusing on CD8+ T‐cell infiltration and exhaustion. First, TECs were isolated from subcutaneous HCC tumors with murine HCC cell lines (BNL‐T) with magnetic selection of CD31+ cells, and normal endothelial cells (NECs) were isolated from normal liver. Second, immunocompetent mice were injected with BNL‐T alone, BNL‐T + NECs, or BNL‐T + TECs for tumor formation, and the functions and exhaustion of tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells were evaluated. The mice injected with BNL‐T + TEC showed rapid tumorigenesis and a decrease in the number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells. In addition, the percentage of CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion was significantly higher in tumors from the administration of BNL‐T + TEC. Third, the next‐generation sequencing on TECs was performed to identify mRNAs that might be a novel treatment target. The molecule of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) was identified and the functions of GPNMB was analyzed by silencing of GPNMB expression using small interfering RNAs. The silencing of GPNMB expression in TECs induced the suppression of tumor growth and T‐cell exhaustion. In conclusion, TECs induced tumor‐infiltrating T‐cell exhaustion via GPNMB expression and GPNMB might be a novel therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sakano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Lu F, Ma XJN, Jin WL, Luo Y, Li X. Neoantigen Specific T Cells Derived From T Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential and Challenges. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690565. [PMID: 34054880 PMCID: PMC8155510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become an indispensable part of the comprehensive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunotherapy has proven effective in patients with early HCC, advanced HCC, or HCC recurrence after liver transplantation. Clinically, the most commonly used immunotherapy is immune checkpoint inhibition using monoclonal antibodies, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. However, it cannot fundamentally solve the problems of a weakened immune system and inactivation of immune cells involved in killing tumor cells. T cells can express tumor antigen-recognizing T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on the cell surface through gene editing to improve the specificity and responsiveness of immune cells. According to previous studies, TCR-T cell therapy is significantly better than CAR-T cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumors and is one of the most promising immune cell therapies for solid tumors so far. However, its application in the treatment of HCC is still being researched. Technological advancements in induction and redifferentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allow us to use T cells to induce T cell-derived iPSCs (T-iPSCs) and then differentiate them into TCR-T cells. This has allowed a convenient strategy to study HCC models and explore optimal treatment strategies. This review gives an overview of the major advances in the development of protocols to generate neoantigen-specific TCR-T cells from T-iPSCs. We will also discuss their potential and challenges in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing-Nan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Health Science Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Chu LY, Peng YH, Weng XF, Xie JJ, Xu YW. Blood-based biomarkers for early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1708-1725. [PMID: 32351288 PMCID: PMC7183865 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system worldwide, especially in China. Due to the lack of effective early detection methods, ESCC patients often present at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. At present, early detection of ESCC mainly depends on invasive and expensive endoscopy and histopathological biopsy. Therefore, there is an unmet need for a non-invasive method to detect ESCC in the early stages. With the emergence of a large class of non-invasive diagnostic tools, serum tumor markers have attracted much attention because of their potential for detection of early tumors. Therefore, the identification of serum tumor markers for early detection of ESCC is undoubtedly one of the most effective ways to achieve early diagnosis and treatment of ESCC. This article reviews the recent advances in the discovery of blood-based ESCC biomarkers, and discusses the origins, clinical applications, and technical challenges of clinical validation of various types of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Fen Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Wang H, Chen D, Wang R, Quan W, Xia D, Mei J, Xu J, Liu C. NY-ESO-1 expression in solid tumors predicts prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17990. [PMID: 31770209 PMCID: PMC6890322 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a member of the cancer testis antigen family. NY-ESO-1 has documented potential as an effective target for cancer immunotherapy. The prognostic value of NY-ESO-1 expression in solid tumors, however, remains controversial because of inconclusive data. METHODS For this analysis, the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to February 2018 for studies investigating NY-ESO-1 expression in solid tumors and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), or disease-free survival (DFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from each study. Pooled HRs and CIs were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects or random effects model. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were included in the analysis. The combined HR (95% CI) estimates for OS, PFS, and DFS were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.24-1.61; I = 0%), 1.62 (95% CI: 1.42-1.84; I = 17%), and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.56-1.59; I = 57%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS NY-ESO-1 expression in solid tumors is associated with worse OS and PFS. Studies are still needed to provide more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | - Datian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Haimen People's Hospital, Haimen
| | - Runjie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | | | - Dandan Xia
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | - Jie Mei
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junying Xu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | - Chaoying Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
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12
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Xu YW, Peng YH, Xu LY, Xie JJ, Li EM. Autoantibodies: Potential clinical applications in early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5049-5068. [PMID: 31558856 PMCID: PMC6747294 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i34.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) are the two main types of gastrointestinal cancers that pose a huge threat to human health. ESCC remains one of the most common malignant diseases around the world. In contrast to the decreasing prevalence of ESCC, the incidence of EGJA is rising rapidly. Early detection represents one of the most promising ways to improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality of these cancers. Current approaches for early diagnosis mainly depend on invasive and costly endoscopy. Non-invasive biomarkers are in great need to facilitate earlier detection for better clinical management of patients. Tumor-associated autoantibodies can be detected at an early stage before manifestations of clinical signs of tumorigenesis, making them promising biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of ESCC and EGJA. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the iden-tification and validation of tumor-associated autoantibodies for the early detection of ESCC and EGJA and discuss the challenges remaining for clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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Dashti S, Taherian-Esfahani Z. Cellular immune responses against cancer-germline genes in cancers. Hum Antibodies 2019; 28:57-64. [PMID: 31356200 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-germline genes are a class of genes that are normally expressed in testis, trophoblast and few somatic tissues but abnormally expressed in tumor tissues. Their expression signature indicates that they can induce cellular immune responses, thus being applied as targets in cancer immunotherapy. OBJECTIVES To obtain the data of cellular immune responses against cancer-germline genes in cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed/Medline with the key words cancer-germline antigen, cancer-testis antigen, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and cancer. RESULTS About 40 cancer-germline genes have been shown to induce T cell specific responses in cancer patients. Melanoma, lung and breast cancer are among the mostly assessed cancer types. Several epitopes have been identified which can be used in immunotherapy of cancer. CONCLUSION Cellular immune responses against cancer-germline genes are indicative of appropriateness of these genes as therapeutic targets.
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14
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Merhi M, Raza A, Inchakalody V, Zar AR, Uddin S, Dermime S. Immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S22. [PMID: 31032302 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rahman Zar
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Shi X, Chen X, Fang B, Ping Y, Qin G, Yue D, Li F, Yang S, Zhang Y. Decitabine enhances tumor recognition by T cells through upregulating the MAGE-A3 expression in esophageal carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108632. [PMID: 30797153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis (CT) antigens are expressed in various types of tumors and represent the potential targets for T cell-based immunotherapy. Analysis of CT gene expression and DNA methylation have indicated that certain CT genes are epigenetically regulated and studies have confirmed that certain CT antigens are regulated by DNA methylation. In this study, we explored the epigenetic regulation of MAGE-A3 and improved the clinical outcome of MAGE-A3-specific T cell therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We used molecular profiling datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze CT gene expression in ESCC and its regulation by DNA methylation. We performed quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and bisulfite sequencing in ESCC cell lines and ESCC tissues. Functional assays, such as flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assays and ELISA, were performed to determine the demethylation agent, decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC)-treated cancer cell improved antigen specific T cells response. ESCC tumor cell-xenograft mouse model and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays were used to determine the function of DAC treatment in enhancing anti-MAGE-3 T cell responses in ESCC. Furthermore, we performed qRT-PCR and flow cytometry in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients. MAGE-A3, one of the CT antigens, expressed at various levels in ESCC and was interfered by DNA methylation. We observed an efficient increase in MAGE-A3 expression in tumor cells and tissues after the treatment of decitabine and the expression of MAGE-A3 was affected by DNA methylation. Functional assays showed enhanced secretion of IFN-γ and cytolysis of MAGE-A3 antigen-specific T cells by DAC-treated target cells. In the tumor cell-xenograft mouse model and ELISPOT assays, DAC increased the expression of MAGE-A3 and T cell mediated tumor clearance in ESCC as well. Notably, the proportions of MAGE-A3-responsive T cells were elevated in DAC-treated patients with MDS, indicating DAC dismissed the epigenetic inhibition of MAGE-A3. DAC would probably improve the clinical outcome of MAGE-A3-specific T cell therapy by augmenting the expression of target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Baijun Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dongli Yue
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shengli Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Expression of cancer-testis antigens in esophageal cancer and their progress in immunotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:281-291. [PMID: 30656409 PMCID: PMC6373256 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal cancer is a common disease in China with low survival rate due to no obvious early symptoms and lack of effective screening strategies. Traditional treatments usually do not produce desirable results in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, so immunotherapy which relies on tumor-related antigens is needed to combat low survival rates effectively. Cancer-testis antigens (CTA), a large family of tumor-related antigens, have a strong in vivo immunogenicity and tumor-restricted expressing patterns in normal adult tissues. These two characteristics are ideal features of anticancer immunotherapy targets and, therefore, promoted the development of some studies of CTA-based therapy. To provide ideas for the role of the cancer-testis antigens MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK in esophageal cancer, we summarized their expression, prognostic value, and development in immunotherapy. METHODS The relevant literature from PubMed is reviewed in this study. RESULTS In esophageal cancer, although the relationship between expression of MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK and prognosis value is still in a controversial situation, MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK are highly expressed and can induce specific CTL cells to produce particular killing effect on tumor cells, and some clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy for esophageal cancer patients is effective and safe, which provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of esophageal cancer in the future. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize expression and prognostic value of MAGE-A, NY-ESO-1, LAGE-1, and TTK in esophageal cancer and point out recent advances in immunotherapy about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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17
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Ueda S, Miyahara Y, Nagata Y, Sato E, Shiraishi T, Harada N, Ikeda H, Shiku H, Kageyama S. NY-ESO-1 antigen expression and immune response are associated with poor prognosis in MAGE-A4-vaccinated patients with esophageal or head/neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35997-36011. [PMID: 30542513 PMCID: PMC6267599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGE-A4 antigen is a cancer-testis antigen that is frequently expressed in tumor tissues. Cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) is a novel antigen delivery system for cancer vaccines. This study evaluated the safety, immune responses and clinical outcomes of patients who received a CHP-MAGE-A4 vaccine. Twenty-two patients with advanced or metastatic cancer were enrolled, and were subcutaneously vaccinated with either 100 μg or 300 μg of CHP-MAGE-A4. Seven and 15 patients, respectively, were repeatedly vaccinated with 100 μg or 300 μg of CHP-MAGE-A4; patients in both groups received a median of 7 doses. No serious adverse events related to the vaccine were observed. Of 7 patients receiving the 100 μg dose, 2 (29%) showed immune responses, compared with 3 of the 14 (21%) patients who received the 300 μg dose. In total, MAGE-A4-specific antibody responses were induced in 5 of 21 (24%) patients. No differences in survival were seen between patients receiving the 100 μg and 300 μg doses, or between immune responders and non-responders. Eleven (50%) patients had pre-existing antibodies to NY-ESO-1. In 16 patients with esophageal or head/neck squamous cell carcinoma, the survival time was significantly shorter in those who had NY-ESO-1-co-expressing tumors. Patients with high pre-existing antibody responses to NY-ESO-1 displayed worse prognosis than those with no pre-existing response. Therefore, in planning clinical trials of MAGE-A4 vaccine, enrolling NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor or not would be a critical issue to be discussed. Combination vaccines of MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 antigens would be one of the strategies to overcome the poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyahara
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nagata
- Center for Comprehensive Community Care Education, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Taizo Shiraishi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kageyama
- Department of Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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18
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Chi Soh JE, Abu N, Jamal R. The potential immune-eliciting cancer testis antigens in colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:1093-1104. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) has been an important finding in the search of potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. CTA is one of the subfamilies of the large tumor-associated antigens groups. It is aberrantly expressed in various types of human tumors but is absent in normal tissues except for the testis and placenta. This CTAs-restricted pattern of expression in human malignancies together with its potential immunogenic properties, has stirred the interest of many researchers to use CTAs as one of the ideal targets in cancer immunotherapy. To date, multiple studies have shown that CTAs-based vaccines can elicit clinical and immunological responses in different tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This review details our current understanding of CTAs and CRC in regard to the expression and immunological responses as well as some of the critical hurdles in CTAs-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Merhi M, Raza A, Inchakalody VP, Nashwan AJJ, Allahverdi N, Krishnankutty R, Uddin S, Zar Gul AR, Al Homsi MU, Dermime S. Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck Cancer Response to Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Targeting and Differential Expression of Immunological Markers: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1769. [PMID: 30108590 PMCID: PMC6079623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway has been shown to enhance T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Clinical responses are limited to subgroups of patients. The search for biomarkers of response is a strategy to predict response and outcome of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint intervention. The NY-ESO-1 cancer testis antigen has been considered as a biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients and can induce both specific NY-ESO-1 antibody and T cells responses. Here, we correlated clinical responsiveness to anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) treatment with immunity to NY-ESO-1 in a patient with recurrent HNSCC. The patient was treated with second-line treatment of nivolumab and had a stable disease for over 7 months. His NY-ESO-1 antibody was found to be lower after the third (****p < 0.0001) and the fifth (****p < 0.0001) cycles of treatment compared to base line, and this was in line with the stability of the disease. The NY-ESO-1-specific T cells response of the patient was found to be increased after the third and the fifth (**p = 0.002) cycles of treatment but had a significant decline after progression (**p = 0.0028). The PD-1 expression by the patient's T cells was reduced 15-folds after nivolumab treatment and was uniquely restricted to the CD8+ T cells population. Several cytokines/chemokines involved in immune activation were upregulated after nivolumab treatment; two biomarkers were reduced at progression [interleukin (IL)-10: ****p < 0.0001 and CX3CL1: ****p < 0.0001]. On the other hand, some cytokines/chemokines contributing to immune inhibition were downregulated after nivolumab treatment; two biomarkers were increased at progression (IL-6: ****p < 0.0001 and IL-8: ****p < 0.0001). This data support the notion that the presence of anti-NY-ESO-1 integrated immunity and some cytokines/chemokines profile may potentially identify a response to PD-1 blockade in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Philipose Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulqadir Jeprel Japer Nashwan
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Niloofar Allahverdi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rehman Zar Gul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Cancer Research Facility and Clinical Trial Unit, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Zhang Z, Li FF, Lu MD, Zhang SX, Li YX. Anti-NY-ESO-1 autoantibody may be a tumor marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103283-103289. [PMID: 29262561 PMCID: PMC5732727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody is observed in a multitude of malignancies. This study was aimed to evaluate the expression of serum anti-NY-ESO-1 antibodies and its prognostic value in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 103 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were enrolled in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the serum level of anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody. Western blotting was performed to assess the NY-ESO-1 expression in tumor and adjacent tissues. The serum NY-ESO-1 antibody was detected in 18.4% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, a value that was significantly higher than that in patients with chronic Hepatitis B. Serum NY-ESO-1 antibody was positively correlated with tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, cTNM stage and abdominal pain. Finally, there was a higher cumulative survival rate in patients with serum NY-ESO-1 positivity than in those with serum NY-ESO-1 negativity among the patients with stage III + IV. Our data uncovered that NY-ESO-1 antibody might be a helpful tumor marker and prognostic predictor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan-Fan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Dian Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shang-Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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21
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Singh RS, Kaur N, Rana V, Kennedy JF. Pullulan: A novel molecule for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:102-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Fournier C, Martin F, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Apetoh L. Trial Watch: Adoptively transferred cells for anticancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1363139. [PMID: 29147628 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1363139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies aimed at strengthening immune effector responses against malignant cells are growing at exponential rates. Alongside, the impressive benefits obtained by patients with advanced melanoma who received adoptively transferred tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have encouraged the scientific community to pursue adoptive cell transfer (ACT)-based immunotherapy. ACT involves autologous or allogenic effector lymphocytes that are generally obtained from the peripheral blood or resected tumors, expanded and activated ex vivo, and administered to lymphodepleted patients. ACT may be optionally associated with chemo- and/or immunotherapeutics, with the overall aim of enhancing the proliferation, persistence and functionality of infused cells, as well as to ensure their evolution in an immunological permissive local and systemic microenvironment. In addition, isolated lymphocytes can be genetically engineered to endow them with the ability to target a specific tumor-associated antigen (TAA), to increase their lifespan, and/or to reduce their potential toxicity. The infusion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes redirected against CD19 has shown promising clinical efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies. Accordingly, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently granted 'breakthrough therapy' designation to a CAR-based T-cell therapy (CTL019) for patients with B-cell malignancies. Considerable efforts are now being devoted to the development of efficient ACT-based immunotherapies for non-hematological neoplasms. In this Trial Watch, we summarize recent clinical advances on the use of ACT for oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Fournier
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Martin
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1015, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP; Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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23
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NY-ESO-1 TCR single edited stem and central memory T cells to treat multiple myeloma without graft-versus-host disease. Blood 2017. [PMID: 28637663 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-732636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer of T-cell receptors (TCRs) specific for tumor-associated antigens is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. We developed the TCR gene editing technology that is based on the knockout of the endogenous TCR α and β genes, followed by the introduction of tumor-specific TCR genes, and that proved safer and more effective than conventional TCR gene transfer. Although successful, complete editing requires extensive cell manipulation and 4 transduction procedures. Here we propose a novel and clinically feasible TCR "single editing" (SE) approach, based on the disruption of the endogenous TCR α chain only, followed by the transfer of genes encoding for a tumor-specific TCR. We validated SE with the clinical grade HLA-A2 restricted NY-ESO-1157-165-specific TCR. SE allowed the rapid production of high numbers of tumor-specific T cells, with optimal TCR expression and preferential stem memory and central memory phenotype. Similarly to unedited T cells redirected by TCR gene transfer (TCR transferred [TR]), SE T cells efficiently killed NY-ESO-1pos targets; however, although TR cells proved highly alloreactive, SE cells showed a favorable safety profile. Accordingly, when infused in NSG mice previously engrafted with myeloma, SE cells mediated tumor rejection without inducing xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease, thus resulting in significantly higher survival than that observed in mice treated with TR cells. Overall, single TCR gene editing represents a clinically feasible approach that is able to increase the safety and efficacy of cancer adoptive immunotherapy.
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24
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Giavina-Bianchi MH, Giavina-Bianchi Junior PF, Festa Neto C. Melanoma: tumor microenvironment and new treatments. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:156-166. [PMID: 28538872 PMCID: PMC5429098 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent past years, many discoveries in the tumor microenvironment have led to changes in the management of melanoma and it is rising up hopes, specially, to those in advanced stages. FDA approved seven new drugs from 2011 to 2014. They are: Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib and Trametinib, kinases inhibitors used for patients that have BRAFV600E mutation; Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA4), Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and Nivolumab (anti-PD-1), monoclonal antibodies that stimulate the immune system; and Peginterferon alfa-2b, an anti-proliferative cytokine used as adjuvant therapy. In this article, we will review the molecular bases for these new metastatic melanoma therapeutic agents cited above and also analyze new molecular discoveries in melanoma study, as Cancer-Testis antigens (CT). They are capable of induce humoral and cellular immune responses in cancer patients and because of this immunogenicity and their restrict expression in normal tissues, they are considered an ideal candidate for vaccine development against cancer. Among CT antigens, NY-ESO-1 is the best characterized in terms of expression patterns and immunogenicity. It is expressed in 20-40% of all melanomas, more in metastatic lesions than in primary ones, and it is very heterogeneous inter and intratumoral. Breslow index is associate with NY-ESO-1 expression in primary cutaneous melanomas, but its relation to patient survival remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cyro Festa Neto
- Dermatology Department of Universidade de São Paulo Medical
School (FMUSP) – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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25
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Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen-A (MAGE-A) and New York esophageal squamous cell cancer-1 (NY-ESO-1) are 2 cancer testis antigens (CTA) demonstrating potential for use in targeted immunotherapy. Clinical trials in melanoma and synovial sarcomas targeting these antigens in immune-based therapies have demonstrated durable tumor regression. Although protein expression of NY-ESO-1 has been assessed in a variety of cancer types, the expression of MAGE-A has not been studied in depth. In this study we analyzed MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression in 314 melanoma specimens from 301 melanoma patients, 38 patients with squamous cell cancers and 111 patients with adenocarcinomas. Our results demonstrated higher expression of MAGE-A compared with NY-ESO-1 in melanomas (32% vs. 13%) and squamous cell carcinomas (45% vs. 7.9%), and higher expression of both CTAs in metastatic versus primary tumors. CTA expression in adenocarcinomas was low (MAGE-A: 10%, NY-ESO-1: 0.9%). In addition, we looked at concordance of expression among metastatic melanoma lesions within the same patient and found concordant expression in 38 of 47 patients for MAGE-A and 43 of 47 patients for NY-ESO-1. Our study demonstrated that the MAGE-A family may be of greater utility than NY-ESO-1 for targeted immunotherapy in a variety of cancer histologies, in particular metastatic melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas.
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26
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Esfandiary A, Ghafouri-Fard S. New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 and cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:411-39. [PMID: 25917631 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a known cancer testis gene with exceptional immunogenicity and prevalent expression in many cancer types. These characteristics have made it an appropriate vaccine candidate with the potential application against various malignancies. This article reviews recent knowledge about the NY-ESO-1 biology, function, immunogenicity and expression in cancers as well as and the results of clinical trials with this antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esfandiary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
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27
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Giavina-Bianchi M, Giavina-Bianchi P, Sotto MN, Muzikansky A, Kalil J, Festa-Neto C, Duncan LM. Increased NY-ESO-1 expression and reduced infiltrating CD3+ T cells in cutaneous melanoma. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:761378. [PMID: 25954764 PMCID: PMC4411457 DOI: 10.1155/2015/761378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 is a cancer-testis antigen aberrantly expressed in melanomas, which may serve as a robust and specific target in immunotherapy. NY-ESO-1 antigen expression, tumor features, and the immune profile of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were assessed in primary cutaneous melanoma. NY-ESO-1 protein was detected in 20% of invasive melanomas (16/79), rarely in in situ melanoma (1/10) and not in benign nevi (0/20). Marked intratumoral heterogeneity of NY-ESO-1 protein expression was observed. NY-ESO-1 expression was associated with increased primary tumor thickness (P = 0.007) and inversely correlated with superficial spreading melanoma (P < 0.02). NY-ESO-1 expression was also associated with reduced numbers and density of CD3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (P = 0.017). When NY-ESO-1 protein was expressed, CD3+ T cells were less diffusely infiltrating the tumor and were more often arranged in small clusters (P = 0.010) or as isolated cells (P = 0.002) than in large clusters of more than five lymphocytes. No correlation of NY-ESO-1 expression with gender, age, tumor site, ulceration, lymph node sentinel status, or survival was observed. NY-ESO-1 expression in melanoma was associated with tumor progression, including increased tumor thickness, and with reduced tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Giavina-Bianchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 3° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Giavina-Bianchi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 8° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 3° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alona Muzikansky
- MGH Biostatistics Center, 50 Staniford Street, Suite 560, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 8° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cyro Festa-Neto
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 255, 3° Andar, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lyn M. Duncan
- Dermatopathology Unit, Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Warren Building 825, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Zhang H, Xia J, Wang K, Zhang J. Serum autoantibodies in the early detection of esophageal cancer: a systematic review. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:95-109. [PMID: 25433500 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been found in serum of patients with various types of cancers and may serve as biomarkers for early detection of esophageal cancer as well. This systematic review aims to give an overview about known autoantibodies and their diagnostic value in esophageal cancer. We conducted a systematic literature search in two databases to identify studies which performed serological testing for autoantibodies in esophageal cancer patients and controls. Data on study characteristics and results were extracted independently by two reviewers. Overall, 45 articles reporting the detection of 35 different autoantibodies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The most common antibody detection method was enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the most frequently assessed autoantibody was anti-p53, which was tested in 17 studies and for 15 studies of which a meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic value. Most antibodies were assessed in only one study, and only few authors have evaluated the diagnostic value of combinations of multiple autoantibodies. For single autoantibodies, specificity was generally very high (median 98.3 %), but sensitivity was mostly rather low (median 26.7 %). For some autoantibody combinations, substantially higher sensitivity at reasonably high levels of specificity could be achieved. Development of extended and optimized multimarker panels of autoantibodies might be a promising approach for esophageal cancer early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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29
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Domae S, Ono T, Sasaki A. Cancer/testis antigens: A prospective reagent as diagnostic and immunotherapeutic targets for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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30
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Grupp K, Ospina-Klinck D, Tsourlakis MC, Koop C, Wilczak W, Adam M, Simon R, Sauter G, Izbicki JR, Graefen M, Huland H, Steurer S, Schlomm T, Minner S, Quaas A. NY-ESO-1 expression is tightly linked to TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:1012-22. [PMID: 24789172 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NY-ESO-1 has been suggested as therapeutic cancer vaccine in prostate cancer. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship of NY-ESO-1 with tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, and molecular subgroups in hormone-naive prostate cancers. METHODS NY-ESO-1 immunohistochemistry was analyzed on a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancer samples. Results were compared to clinically follow-up data, ERG status, and deletions on PTEN, 3p13, 5q21, and 6q15. RESULTS NY-ESO-1 expression was absent in benign prostate glands. In prostate cancer, NY-ESO-1 positivity was found 8.8% of our 8,761 interpretable tumors including 5.8% with weak, 2.5% with moderate, and 0.5% with strong expression. There was a threefold higher rate of NY-ESO-1 expression in ERG fusion positive tumors than in ERG negative cancers (P < 0.0001). There was a significant association with early PSA recurrence, which was largely limited to ERG positive cancers. Within the ERG positive subgroup, high NY-ESO-1 expression was associated with early biochemical recurrence (P = 0.0002) and high Gleason grade (P < 0.0001). In ERG negative cancers, NY-ESO-1 expression was also linked to PTEN (P = 0.0012) and 6q15 deletions (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate a tight link of NY-ESO-1 expression to ERG activation and (to a lesser extent) PTEN- and 6q15-deletions in prostate cancer. The impact of these interactions on the likelihood of response to immunotherapy is unclear. The prognostic impact of NY-ESO-1 expression is little and not independent of histologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Xu YW, Peng YH, Chen B, Wu ZY, Wu JY, Shen JH, Zheng CP, Wang SH, Guo HP, Li EM, Xu LY. Autoantibodies as potential biomarkers for the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:36-45. [PMID: 24296751 PMCID: PMC3887578 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death worldwide and effective diagnosis is needed. We assessed the diagnostic potential of an autoantibody panel that may benefit early diagnosis. METHODS We analyzed data for patients with ESCC and normal controls in a test cohort and a validation cohort. Autoantibody levels were measured against a panel of six tumor-associated antigens (p53, NY-ESO-1, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), peroxiredoxin VI (Prx VI), and BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene (Bmi-1)) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We assessed serum autoantibodies in 513 participants: 388 with ESCC and 125 normal controls. The validation cohort comprised 371 participants: 237 with ESCC, and 134 normal controls. Autoantibodies to at least 1 of 6 antigens demonstrated a sensitivity/specificity of 57% (95% confidence interval (CI): 52-62%)/95% (95% CI: 89-98%) and 51% (95% CI: 45-57%)/96% (95% CI: 91-99%) in the test and validation cohorts, respectively. Measurement of the autoantibody panel could differentiate early-stage ESCC patients from normal controls (sensitivity 45% (95% CI: 32-59%) and specificity 95% (95% CI: 89-98%) in the test cohort; 46% (95% CI: 35-58%) and 96% (95% CI: 91-99%) in the validation cohort). In either cohort, no significant differences were seen when patients were subdivided by age, gender, smoking status, size of tumor, site of tumor, depth of tumor invasion, histological grade, lymph node status, TNM stage, or early-stage and late-stage groups. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of an autoantibody response to multiple tumor-associated antigens in an optimized panel assay, to help discriminate early-stage ESCC patients from normal controls, may aid in early detection of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Hui Shen
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Peng Zheng
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Peng Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China or Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China. E-mail: or
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32
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Kageyama S, Wada H, Muro K, Niwa Y, Ueda S, Miyata H, Takiguchi S, Sugino SH, Miyahara Y, Ikeda H, Imai N, Sato E, Yamada T, Osako M, Ohnishi M, Harada N, Hishida T, Doki Y, Shiku H. Dose-dependent effects of NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine complexed with cholesteryl pullulan (CHP-NY-ESO-1) on immune responses and survival benefits of esophageal cancer patients. J Transl Med 2013; 11:246. [PMID: 24093426 PMCID: PMC4015172 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesteryl pullulan (CHP) is a novel antigen delivery system for cancer vaccines. This study evaluated the safety, immune responses and clinical outcomes of patients who received the CHP-NY-ESO-1 complex vaccine, Drug code: IMF-001. Methods Patients with advanced/metastatic esophageal cancer were enrolled and subcutaneously vaccinated with either 100 μg or 200 μg of NY-ESO-1 protein complexed with CHP. The primary endpoints were safety and humoral immune responses, and the secondary endpoint was clinical efficacy. Results A total of 25 patients were enrolled. Thirteen and twelve patients were repeatedly vaccinated with 100 μg or 200 μg of CHP-NY-ESO-1 with a median of 8 or 9.5 doses, respectively. No serious adverse events related to the vaccine were observed. Three out of 13 patients in the 100-μg cohort and 7 out of 12 patients in the 200-μg cohort were positive for anti-NY-ESO-1 antibodies at baseline. In the 100-μg cohort, an antibody response was observed in 5 out of 10 pre-antibody-negatives patients, and the antibody levels were augmented in 2 pre-antibody-positive patients after vaccination. In the 200-μg cohort, all 5 pre-antibody-negative patients became seropositive, and the antibody level was amplified in all 7 pre-antibody-positive patients. No tumor shrinkage was observed. The patients who received 200 μg of CHP-NY-ESO-1 survived longer than patients receiving 100 μg of CHP-NY-ESO-1, even those who exhibited unresponsiveness to previous therapies or had higher tumor burdens. Conclusions The safety and immunogenicity of CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccine were confirmed. The 200 μg dose more efficiently induced immune responses and suggested better survival benefits. (Clinical trial registration number NCT01003808).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kageyama
- Departments of Immuno-Gene Therapy and Cancer Vaccine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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33
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Zimmermann AK, Imig J, Klar A, Renner C, Korol D, Fink D, Stadlmann S, Singer G, Knuth A, Moch H, Caduff R. Expression of MAGE-C1/CT7 and selected cancer/testis antigens in ovarian borderline tumours and primary and recurrent ovarian carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2013; 462:565-74. [PMID: 23529156 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MAGE-C1/CT7, NY-ESO-1, GAGE and MAGE-A4 are members of the cancer/testis (CT) antigen family, which have been proposed as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. To determine the prevalence and biologic relevance of the novel CT antigen MAGE-C1/CT7 and other antigens, 36 ovarian borderline tumours (BTs), 230 primary ovarian carcinomas (OCs) and 80 recurrent OCs were immunohistochemically analysed using the monoclonal antibodies CT7-33 (MAGE-C1/CT7), E978 (NY-ESO-1), clone 26 (GAGE) and 57B (MAGE-A4). Positivity of at least one CT antigen was present in 39.5 % (81/205) of primary OC and in 50 % (26/52) of all recurrences. Expression of the novel CT antigen MAGE-C1/CT7 was most commonly seen with positivity in 24.5 % of primary and 35.1 % of recurrent OC. MAGE-A4, GAGE and NY-ESO-1 expressions were seen in 22.7, 13.9 and 7.1 % of primary and 22.6, 17.5 and 8.9 % of recurrent OC, respectively. Analysis of histological subtypes (serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous and transitional) exhibited variable expression with negativity in all mucinous OC. High-grade serous OC revealed CT antigen expression in 5.6 to 28 % with MAGE-C1/CT7 being the most frequent, but without correlation with stage or overall survival. MAGE-C1/CT7 expression and coexpression of CT antigens were significantly correlated with grade of endometrioid OC. None of the BT showed CT antigen expression. No significant correlation was seen with stage, overall survival or response to chemotherapy. In summary, CT antigens are expressed in a certain subset of OC with no expression in BT or OC of mucinous histology. These findings may have implications for the design of polyvalent vaccination strategies for ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Zimmermann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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34
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Okabayashi K, Fujita T, Miyazaki J, Okada T, Iwata T, Hirao N, Noji S, Tsukamoto N, Goshima N, Hasegawa H, Takeuchi H, Ueda M, Kitagawa Y, Kawakami Y. Cancer-testis antigen BORIS is a novel prognostic marker for patients with esophageal cancer. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1617-24. [PMID: 22676270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is one of the most common lethal tumors in the world, and development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods is needed. In this study, cancer-testis antigen, BORIS, was isolated by functional cDNA expression cloning using screening technique with serum IgG Abs from ESCC patients. BORIS was previously reported to show cancer-testis antigen like expression, but its immunogenicity has remained unclear in cancer patients. BORIS was considered to be an immunogenic antigen capable of inducing IgG Abs in patients with various cancers, including four of 11 ESCC patients. Immunohistochemical study showed that the BORIS protein was expressed in 28 of 50 (56%) ESCC tissues. The BORIS expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC patients with pT1 disease (P = 0.036). Furthermore, the patients with BORIS-positive tumors had a poor overall survival (5-year survival rate: BORIS-negative 70.0% vs BORIS-positive 29.9%, log-rank P = 0.028) in Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that BORIS expression was an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 4.158 [95% confidence interval 1.494-11.57], P = 0.006). Downregulation of BORIS with specific siRNAs resulted in decreased cell proliferation and invasion ability of ESCC cell lines. BORIS may be a useful biomarker for prognostic diagnosis of ESCC patients and a potential target for treatment including by BORIS-specific immunotherapy and molecular target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okabayashi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu F, Guo F, Zhou Y, He Z, Tian X, Guo C, Ning T, Pan Y, Cai H, Ke Y. The Anyang Esophageal Cancer Cohort Study: study design, implementation of fieldwork, and use of computer-aided survey system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31602. [PMID: 22328939 PMCID: PMC3273470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been observed repeatedly in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues. However, the causal relationship between HPV infection and the onset of ESCC remains unknown. A large cohort study focusing on this topic is being carried out in rural Anyang, China. Methodology/Principal Findings The Anyang Esophageal Cancer Cohort Study (AECCS) is a population-based prospective endoscopic cohort study designed to investigate the association of HPV infection and ESCC. This paper provides information regarding the design and implementation of this study. In particular we describe the recruitment strategies and quality control procedures which have been put into place, and the custom designed computer-aided survey system (CASS) used for this project. This system integrates barcode technology and unique identification numbers, and has been developed to facilitate real-time data management throughout the workflow using a wireless local area network. A total of 8,112 (75.3%) of invited subjects participated in the baseline endoscopic examination; of those invited two years later to take part in the first cycle of follow-up, 91.9% have complied. Conclusions/Significance The AECCS study has high potential for evaluating the causal relationship between HPV infection and the occurrence of ESCC. The experience in setting up the AECCS may be beneficial for others planning to initiate similar epidemiological studies in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangcen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HC); (YK)
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HC); (YK)
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36
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Kawada J, Wada H, Isobe M, Gnjatic S, Nishikawa H, Jungbluth AA, Okazaki N, Uenaka A, Nakamura Y, Fujiwara S, Mizuno N, Saika T, Ritter E, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Ritter G, Murphy R, Venhaus R, Pan L, Old LJ, Doki Y, Nakayama E. Heteroclitic serological response in esophageal and prostate cancer patients after NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:584-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Bujas T, Marusic Z, Peric Balja M, Mijic A, Kruslin B, Tomas D. MAGE-A3/4 and NY-ESO-1 antigens expression in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Histochem 2011; 55:e7. [PMID: 21556122 PMCID: PMC3167346 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2011.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we analyzed immunohistochemical expression of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 in 55 samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and their respective lymph node metastases. To our knowledge this is the first study to assess and compare the expression of these antigens in ESCC lymph node metastases. Fifty (90.9%) primary ESCC were positive for MAGE-A 3/4 and 53 (96.6%) were positive for NY-ESO-1. MAGE-A 3/4 was expressed in all lymph node metastases and the intensity of expression was high in a majority of cases. NY-ESO-1 was negative in 2 (7.1%) lymph nodes metastases, while the reaction was predominantly moderate in the positive group. In primary tumors MAGE-A 3/4 showed a significantly higher intensity of expression compared to NY-ESO-1 (P=0.047), while in lymph node metastases the intensity of expression was not significantly different (P=0.387). Primary tumors with and without lymph node metastases showed no significant differences in MAGE-A 3/4 (P=0.672) and NY-ESO-1 (P=0.444) expression. Intensity of MAGE-A 3/4 (P=0.461) and NY-ESO-1 (P=0.414) expression in primary tumors was not significantly different compared to the expression in their respective lymph nodes metastases. Expression of MAGE-A 3/4 in primary tumors showed significant positive correlation with primary tumor expression of NY-ESO-1 (P=0.021) but no significant correlation with the expression of MAGE-A 3/4 in lymph node metastases (P=0.056). Expression of NY-ESO-1 in primary tumors showed significant positive correlation with the expression of NY-ESO-1 in lymph node metastases (P=0.001) and significant negative correlation with patients' age (P<0.001). Expression of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 in primary tumors and lymph node metastases showed no significant correlation with prognostic parameters such as tumor grade and TNM stage (P>0.05). We have shown different levels of MAGE-A 3/4 and NY-ESO-1 expression in almost all specimens of primary tumor and lymph node metastases, suggesting that ESCC may be possible target of immunotherapy and anti-tumor vaccination. High levels of expression in lymph node metastases indicate possible clinical benefit of postoperative vaccine with MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1 in advanced stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bujas
- Department of Pathology, GeneralHospital Karlovac, University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
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38
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Fratta E, Coral S, Covre A, Parisi G, Colizzi F, Danielli R, Nicolay HJM, Sigalotti L, Maio M. The biology of cancer testis antigens: putative function, regulation and therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:164-82. [PMID: 21376678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis antigens (CTA) are a large family of tumor-associated antigens expressed in human tumors of different histological origin, but not in normal tissues except for testis and placenta. This tumor-restricted pattern of expression, together with their strong in vivo immunogenicity, identified CTA as ideal targets for tumor-specific immunotherapeutic approaches, and prompted the development of several clinical trials of CTA-based vaccine therapy. Driven by this practical clinical interest, a more detailed characterization of CTA biology has been recently undertaken. So far, at least 70 families of CTA, globally accounting for about 140 members, have been identified. Most of these CTA are expressed during spermatogenesis, but their function is still largely unknown. Epigenetic events, particularly DNA methylation, appear to be the primary mechanism regulating CTA expression in both normal and transformed cells, as well as in cancer stem cells. In view of the growing interest in CTA biology, the aim of this review is to provide the most recent information on their expression, regulation and function, together with a brief summary of the major clinical trials involving CTA as therapeutic agents. The pharmacologic modulation of CTA expression profiles on neoplastic cells by DNA hypomethylating drugs will also be discussed as a feasible approach to design new combination therapies potentially able to improve the clinical efficacy of currently adopted CTA-based immunotherapeutic regimens in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Fratta
- Cancer Bioimmunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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39
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Pastorcic-Grgic M, Sarcevic B, Dosen D, Juretic A, Spagnoli GC, Grgic M. Prognostic value of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression in pharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2010; 32:1178-84. [PMID: 20029985 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of cancer testis antigens in pharyngeal cancer is understudied. METHODS We recruited 90 patients who were treated for pharyngeal cancer. Monoclonal antibodies 57B and B9.8.1.1 were used for detection of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 genes. RESULTS MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 gene products were detectable in 70.0% and 33.3% of pharyngeal tumors, respectively. No correlation was established between MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1 expression and TNM staging at presentation. Survival analysis showed a trend toward a shorter 5-year disease-free survival in the group of patients with MAGE-A-positive tumors (log-rank test, p = .122). In contrast, a trend toward a prolonged 5-year disease-free survival was observed in the group of patients with NY-ESO-1-positive tumors (log-rank test, p = .219). CONCLUSION In a large population of patients with pharyngeal cancer and available 5-year survival data, prognosis tended to be poorer with MAGE-A expression and better with NY-ESO-1 expression, but the correlations did not reach statistical significance.
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Svobodová S, Browning J, MacGregor D, Pollara G, Scolyer RA, Murali R, Thompson JF, Deb S, Azad A, Davis ID, Cebon JS. Cancer-testis antigen expression in primary cutaneous melanoma has independent prognostic value comparable to that of Breslow thickness, ulceration and mitotic rate. Eur J Cancer 2010; 47:460-9. [PMID: 21115342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of Cancer-Testis Antigen (CTAg) expression on the natural history of primary cutaneous melanoma we compared its impact on prognosis with that of known prognostic factors and its relationship with other clinicopathologic characteristics. The immunohistochemical expression of three CTAgs (MAGE-A1, MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1) in 348 cases of stage I and stage II primary cutaneous melanoma was analysed and correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics, relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyse factors which independently predicted RFS. All three CTAgs were significantly co-expressed with each other (p < 0.001). The median RFS for patients with CTAg-negative tumours and CTAg-positive tumours was 72 months and 45 months, respectively, (P = 0.008). Univariate analysis demonstrated that the impact of CTAg expression on RFS was comparable in magnitude to that of Breslow thickness, ulceration and tumour mitotic rate. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CTAg expression was a powerful independent predictor of RFS (risk ratio (RR) = 1.715, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.430-0.902, P = 0.010). In contrast, CTAg expression was demonstrated to have no prognostic impact on overall survival. This study demonstrates that CTAg expression in primary cutaneous melanoma is a strong independent predictor of RFS and it is comparable to other known important prognostic factors. CTAg expression has no relationship with overall survival, suggesting anti-melanoma immunity directed towards CTAg expression may contribute to the natural history of the disease. In view of these results, further investigation of the function of CTAgs and their potential use in therapeutic targeting is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Svobodová
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Centre for Clinical Sciences, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
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41
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Cuffel C, Rivals JP, Zaugg Y, Salvi S, Seelentag W, Speiser DE, Liénard D, Monnier P, Romero P, Bron L, Rimoldi D. Pattern and clinical significance of cancer-testis gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:2625-34. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Aoki M, Ueda S, Nishikawa H, Kitano S, Hirayama M, Ikeda H, Toyoda H, Tanaka K, Kanai M, Takabayashi A, Imai H, Shiraishi T, Sato E, Wada H, Nakayama E, Takei Y, Katayama N, Shiku H, Kageyama S. Antibody responses against NY-ESO-1 and HER2 antigens in patients vaccinated with combinations of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP)-NY-ESO-1 and CHP-HER2 with OK-432. Vaccine 2009; 27:6854-61. [PMID: 19761832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Combination vaccines of the NY-ESO-1 protein complexed with cholesteryl pullulan (CHP), CHP-NY-ESO-1, and the truncated 146HER2 protein with CHP, CHP-HER2, were subcutaneously administered with the immuno-adjuvant OK-432 to eight esophageal cancer patients. Vaccination was well-tolerated. NY-ESO-1- and HER2-specific antibody responses were analyzed using the patients' sera and samples from previous single CHP-NY-ESO-1 or CHP-HER2 vaccine trial. The responses to NY-ESO-1 in the combination vaccine study were comparable to the single vaccine. For responses to HER2, there were fewer antibody responses in the combination vaccines. Although there were marked individual variations in the antibody responses to the NY-ESO-1 and HER2 antigens, the reaction patterns to these antigens were comparable within each patient. Antibodies to OK-432 were not augmented. Protein cancer vaccines targeting multiple antigens are feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Aoki
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Chen YT, Hsu M, Lee P, Shin SJ, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Odunsi K, Altorki NK, Song CJ, Jin BQ, Simpson AJ, Old LJ. Cancer/testis antigen CT45: analysis of mRNA and protein expression in human cancer. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:2893-8. [PMID: 19296537 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CT45 is a cancer/testis gene that we previously identified by massively parallel signature sequencing. Encoded by a multigene family on chromosome X, CT45 showed restricted mRNA expression to normal testis and various cancers. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were generated against recombinant CT45 protein, and CT45 protein expression in normal and tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis. In adult normal tissue, CT45 expression was restricted to testicular germ cells, detected as a nuclear protein mainly at the stage of primary spermatocytes. In tumors, CT45 protein expression correlated with the mRNA levels detected by quantitative RT-PCR, and most lung cancer and ovarian cancers with CT45 mRNA at levels >1% of testicular expression were CT45 protein-positive. In positive cases, CT45 showed expression patterns that ranged from diffuse strong staining to heterogeneous and patchy expression. In lung cancer, CT45 expression was least frequent in adenocarcinoma, more frequent in squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Using tissue microarrays, 376 lung cancer, 219 ovarian cancer and 155 breast cancer were evaluated for CT45 protein expression. The expression frequency was highest in ovarian cancer (37%), followed by lung cancer (13%) and lowest in breast cancer (<5%). Given the focal nature of CT45 expression in many cases, these numbers represented the minimal frequency of expression in these tumor types. In summary, the expression frequency and characteristics of CT45 expression are similar to other CT cancer vaccine targets currently in clinical trials, e.g., NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A, suggesting CT45 as a potentially useful cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tseng Chen
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Domae S, Nakamura Y, Nakamura Y, Uenaka A, Wada H, Nakata M, Oka M, Kishimoto K, Tsukamoto G, Yoshihama Y, Matsuoka J, Gochi A, Kohno S, Saika T, Sasaki A, Nakayama E, Ono T. Identification of CCDC62-2 as a novel cancer/testis antigen and its immunogenicity. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:2347-52. [PMID: 19165854 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are expressed in normal germ line tissues and various cancers. They are considered promising target molecules for immunotherapy for patients with various cancers. To identify CT antigens, we performed serological identification of antigens by recombinant expression cloning. The humoral immune response of cancer patients against a newly defined antigen was analyzed. A testicular cDNA library was immunoscreened with serum obtained from a gastric adenocarcinoma patient whose primary cancer had regressed once and most liver metastases had disappeared transiently. We isolated 55 positive cDNA clones comprising 23 different genes. They included 4 genes with testis-specific expression profiles in the Unigene database, including coiled-coil domain containing 62 (CCDC62). RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of 2 splice variants of CCDC62 was restricted to the testis in normal adult tissues. In malignant tissues, CCDC62 variant 2 (CCDC62-2) was aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, including stomach cancer. A serological survey of 191 cancer patients with a range of different cancers by ELISA revealed antibodies to CCDC62-2 in 13 patients, including stomach cancer. None of the 41 healthy donor serum samples were reactive in the same test. The serum reaction against CCDC62-2 was confirmed by western blot. CCDC62-2 is a CT antigen that is immunogenic in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Domae
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
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Belousov PV, Kuprash DV, Sazykin AY, Khlgatian SV, Penkov DN, Shebzukhov YV, Nedospasov SA. Cancer-associated antigens and antigen arrays in serological diagnostics of malignant tumors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:562-72. [PMID: 18605981 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790805009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of antibodies to cancer-associated antigens in biological fluids (particularly, in blood sera) of cancer patients is now a well-established fact, and their detection by immunochemical methods is a promising approach to diagnostics of malignant neoplasms. In this review, we consider some immunobiological aspects of the most extensively studied cancer-associated B-cell antigens, various applications of autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers, and prospects for the use of antigen arrays for improving diagnostic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Belousov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Wada H, Sato E, Uenaka A, Isobe M, Kawabata R, Nakamura Y, Iwae S, Yonezawa K, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Doki Y, Shiku H, Jungbluth AA, Ritter G, Murphy R, Hoffman EW, Old LJ, Monden M, Nakayama E. Analysis of peripheral and local anti-tumor immune response in esophageal cancer patients after NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2362-9. [PMID: 18729190 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 antigen is a prototype of a class of cancer/testis antigens. We carried out a clinical trial using NY-ESO-1 whole protein as a cancer vaccine for 13 advanced cancer patients. We have recently reported that vaccine elicited humoral and cellular immune responses in 9 cancer patients including 4 esophageal cancer patients, and clinical responses were also observed in 4 of 5 evaluable patients. In this study, we analyzed the responses in 8 esophageal cancer patients including 4 newly enrolled patients. Patients were injected subcutaneously at biweekly intervals with NY-ESO-1 recombinant protein formulated with cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan. Induction of antibody, and CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were observed in 7, 7 and 6 patients, respectively, out of 8 patients. 1 PR, 2 SD and 2 mixed clinical responses were observed in 6 evaluable patients. No significant adverse events were observed. Furthermore, we analyzed NY-ESO-1 and MHC class I expression and the infiltration of immune cells into tumor samples obtained before and after vaccination from 4 patients by immunohistochemistry. The results showed 2 patients with disappearance of CD4 and CD8 T-cell infiltration, 1 patient with increase in the number of CD68(+) macrophages and 1 patient with tumor antigen loss in the progressive tumors following vaccinations. The induction of NY-ESO-1 immunity and some preferable clinical outcomes were observed in esophageal cancer patients by vaccination with NY-ESO-1. However, the tumors grew eventually by various mechanisms after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Wada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Tsuji K, Hamada T, Uenaka A, Wada H, Sato E, Isobe M, Asagoe K, Yamasaki O, Shiku H, Ritter G, Murphy R, Hoffman EW, Old LJ, Nakayama E, Iwatsuki K. Induction of immune response against NY-ESO-1 by CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination and immune regulation in a melanoma patient. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1429-37. [PMID: 18311489 PMCID: PMC11030644 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NY-ESO-1 is a cancer/testis antigen highly immunogenic in cancer patients. Cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan (CHP) is a nanoparticle-forming antigen-delivery vehicle and CHP complexed with NY-ESO-1 protein (CHP-NY-ESO-1) efficiently activates CD4 and CD8 T cells in vitro. AIM In this study we report on a 50-year-old male melanoma patient with multiple skin and organ metastases (T4N3M1c) who was vaccinated with CHP-NY-ESO-1 at biweekly intervals and who had an unusual disease course. We characterized in this patient humoral and cellular immune responses, immune regulatory cells, and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood and at local tumor sites. RESULTS Ten days after the second CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination (day 25), blisters appeared on the skin at the metastatic lesions associated with inflammatory changes. A skin biopsy showed the presence of many NY-ESO-1-expressing apoptotic melanoma cells as determined by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) test. However, the tumors continued to grow, and the patient died of pulmonary failure due to multiple metastases on day 48. Serum antibody responses were detected after the second CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination and antibody titer increased with subsequent vaccinations. Th1 dependent IgG1 was the predominant immunoglobulin subtype. Both, NY-ESO-1-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were detected in PBMC by IFN-gamma secretion assays. After CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination a slight decrease in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs was observed in PBMC but significantly increased numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs and CD68(+) immunoregulatory macrophages were detected at the local tumor sites. CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs were also increased in the blister fluid. Cytokines in the serum suggested a polarization towards a Th1 pattern in the PBMC and those in the blister fluid suggested a Th2-type response at the tumor site. CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses against NY-ESO-1 after CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccination in a melanoma patient. The concomitant appearance of regulatory T cells and of immune regulatory macrophages and cytokines at the local tumor sites in this patient may explain immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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Kawabata R, Wada H, Isobe M, Saika T, Sato S, Uenaka A, Miyata H, Yasuda T, Doki Y, Noguchi Y, Kumon H, Tsuji K, Iwatsuki K, Shiku H, Ritter G, Murphy R, Hoffman E, Old LJ, Monden M, Nakayama E. Antibody response against NY-ESO-1 in CHP-NY-ESO-1 vaccinated patients. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2178-84. [PMID: 17278093 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 specific humoral responses are frequently observed in patients with various types of NY-ESO-1 antigen expressing tumors. In a large proportion of NY-ESO-1 antibody-positive patients of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8 T-cells can also be detected suggesting that monitoring of the NY-ESO-1 specific humoral immune response may be a relevant and more practical surrogate for estimating the overall immune response against NY-ESO-1 in clinical vaccine studies. We have immunized 9 cancer patients with full length NY-ESO-1 protein formulated with cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan (CHP-NY-ESO-1) and investigated the humoral immune responses against NY-ESO-1. Seven patients were NY-ESO-1 antibody-negative and 2 patients were positive prior to vaccination. Vaccination with CHP-NY-ESO-1 resulted in the induction or increase of NY-ESO-1 antibody responses in all 9 patients immunized. Epitope analysis revealed 5 regions in the NY-ESO-1 protein molecule that were recognized by antibodies induced after vaccination. The 5 regions were also recognized by antibodies present in nonvaccinated, NY-ESO-1 antibody-positive cancer patients. A peptide spanning amino acids 91-108 was recognized in 6 out of 9 vaccinated patients and in 8 out of 9 nonvaccinated, sero-positive patients, being the most dominant antigenic epitope in NY-ESO-1 for antibody recognition in cancer patients. In conclusion, we showed that CHP-NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination had a potent activity for inducing humoral immune responses against NY-ESO-1 antigen in cancer patients. The antigenic epitopes recognized by antibodies in the vaccinated patients were similar to those recognized in cancer patients with spontaneous humoral immunity against NY-ESO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kawabata
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Saif MW, Zalonis A, Syrigos K. The clinical significance of autoantibodies in gastrointestinal malignancies: an overview. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:493-507. [PMID: 17373901 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.4.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity can be associated with cancer and one of the forms of its expression is the development of antibodies to autologous cellular antigens. The types of cellular proteins which induce autoantibody responses in gastrointestinal malignancies are quite varied and include cellular proteins encoded by mutated normal genes (p53), cellular proteins that are overexpressed and/or aberrantly expressed in malignant tissues (carcinoembryonic antigen), inhibitors of apoptosis (survivin and livin), major components of mucus (mucins), surface receptors of apoptosis (Fas) and nuclear-restricted proteins (double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA and Sm family proteins). In the past few years, due to the great clinical interest and the advancement in detection techniques, the above list has grown significantly and a large number of cancer-related antigens, which trigger a specific humoral immune response to the host, have also been identified. The authors review the autoantibodies associated with gastrointestinal malignancies and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasif Saif
- Yale University School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, 333 Cedar Street, FMP 116, New Haven, CT 06520-8032, USA.
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Abstract
Most patients with poor-prognosis myeloma (abnormal metaphase cytogenetics) achieve excellent responses with tandem transplants, but the remissions are not durable. Novel interventions such as immunotherapy may eradicate the residual chemotherapy-resistant disease. Immunotherapy targeting weak antigens such as myeloma idiotype or tumor lysate has failed to produce clinically meaningful responses. We previously reported that the NY-ESO-1 antigen is expressed in >60% of poor-prognosis myeloma at diagnosis. Since NY-ESO-1 is highly immunogenic and is not expressed in most normal tissues, it is an ideal target for anti-myeloma immunotherapy. NY-ESO-1 based therapies are already being tested in clinical trials for a multitude of tumors. This review discusses the potential of NY-ESO-1 immunotherapy to improve outcome for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Szmania
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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