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Gupta A, Budhu S, Fitzgerald K, Giese R, Michel AO, Holland A, Campesato LF, van Snick J, Uyttenhove C, Ritter G, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T. Isoform specific anti-TGFβ therapy enhances antitumor efficacy in mouse models of cancer. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1296. [PMID: 34789823 PMCID: PMC8599839 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ is a potential target in cancer treatment due to its dual role in tumorigenesis and homeostasis. However, the expression of TGFβ and its inhibition within the tumor microenvironment has mainly been investigated in stroma-heavy tumors. Using B16 mouse melanoma and CT26 colon carcinoma as models of stroma-poor tumors, we demonstrate that myeloid/dendritic cells are the main sources of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3. Depending on local expression of TGFβ isoforms, isoform specific inhibition of either TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 may be effective. The TGFβ signature of CT26 colon carcinoma is defined by TGFβ1 and TGFβ1 inhibition results in tumor delay; B16 melanoma has equal expression of both isoforms and inhibition of either TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 controls tumor growth. Using T cell functional assays, we show that the mechanism of tumor delay is through and dependent on enhanced CD8+ T cell function. To overcome the local immunosuppressive environment, we found that combining TGFβ inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade results in improved tumor control. Our data suggest that TGFβ inhibition in stroma poor tumors shifts the local immune environment to favor tumor suppression. Gupta et al. demonstrate that targeting isoform-specific TGFβ leads to an increase in the anti-tumor response when compared to pan-TGFβ inhibition, due to enhanced CD8 T cell function. The authors also report that combining TGFβ inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade results in improved tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sadna Budhu
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kelly Fitzgerald
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rachel Giese
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adam O Michel
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Center of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aliya Holland
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Luis Felipe Campesato
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Budhu S, Gupta A, Fitzgerald K, Giese R, Michel A, Holland A, Campesato LF, Snick JV, Uyttenhove C, Ritter G, Wolchok J, Merghoub T. 567 Isoform specific anti-TGFβ therapy enhances antitumor efficacy in mouse models of stroma poor cancers. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTGFβ is a potential target in cancer treatment due to its dual role in tumorigenesis and homeostasis. There are three isoforms of TGFβ (TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3), which are secreted by immune and non-immune cells as an inactive latent complex. Depending on the local context and players, TGFβ can adopt opposing roles in carcinogenesis and in modulating the immune system. However, the expression of TGFβ and its inhibition within the tumor microenvironment has mainly been investigated in stroma-rich tumors.MethodsWe examined expression of TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 isoforms on immune cells in two stroma-poor mouse tumor models (B16 melanoma and CT26 colon carcinoma) and investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of antibodies that block TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 in these two models.ResultsDepending on local expression of TGFβ isoforms, specific inhibition of either TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 may be effective. The ”TGFβ signature” of CT26 colon carcinoma is defined by TGFβ1 expression on immune cells and TGFβ1 inhibition results in tumor delay; B16 melanoma has equal expression of both TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 isoforms and inhibition of either TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 controls tumor growth. We show that the mechanism of tumor growth delay is enhanced CD8+ T cell activation and effector function. In addition, we found that combining TGFβ inhibition with immune checkpoint blockade results in improved tumor control and survival.ConclusionsOur findings suggests that expression of TGFβ isoforms in the TME is variable in different tumor types and their expression may be used to predict anti-tumor responses to TGFβ inhibition. Isoform specific TGFβ inhibition in stroma poor tumors shifts the local immune environment to favor tumor regression alone or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Budhu S, Gupta A, Giese R, van Snick J, Uyttenhove C, Ritter G, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T. Isoform specific anti-TGFβ therapy enhances antitumor efficacy in mouse models of cancer. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.136.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TGFβ is a pleotropic cytokine, which has emerged as a potential target in cancer treatment due to its dual role in tumorigenesis and homeostasis. There are three isoforms of TGFβ (TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3), which are secreted by immune and nonimmune cells as an inactive latent complex. Depending on the local context and players, TGFβ can adopt opposing roles in carcinogensis and in modulating the immune system. However, the expression of TGFβ isoforms within the tumor microenvironment and isoform specific inhibition remains to be investigated. The main source of TGFβ isoforms in the tumor microenvironment of B16 melanoma are infiltrating immune cells, with TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 being highly expressed on myeloid and dendritic cells. The CD45− population from B16 tumors demonstrated a lower expression of both TGFβ isoforms. Compared to untreated control animals, anti-TGFβ3 therapy resulted in the greatest delay in B16 tumor growth, followed by anti-TGFβ1 therapy and pan-TGFβ blockade. However, none of the therapies resulted in improved overall survival. Similar results were achieved in a 4T1 breast model. T cell functional assays demonstrated that anti-TGFβ3 resulted in CD8+ T cells with greater cytolytic ability as they showed higher granzyme B expression and killing against B16 cells when plated ex-vivo. Anti-TGFβ1 treatment resulted in greater interferon-γ production by CD8+ T cells, suggesting an increase in antigen-specificity. Isoform specific TGFβ inhibition in combination with immune checkpoint blockade demonstrated improved tumor control and survival. This provides rationale for the use of anti-TGFβ therapy in stroma poor tumors, such as melanoma, and for its potential to enhance the effectiveness of existing therapies.
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Gupta A, Budhu S, Giese R, Snick JV, Uyttenhove C, Ritter G, Wolchok J, Merghoub T. Abstract 4716: Targeting specific TGF-β isoforms in combination with radiation therapy leads to differential antitumor effects in mouse models of cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: TGF-β is a pleotropic cytokine, which has emerged as a potential target in cancer treatment due to its dual role in tumorigenesis and homeostasis. There are three isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3), which are secreted by immune and nonimmune cells as a latent complex. Depending on the local context, TGF-β adopts opposing roles in carcinogensis and in modulating the immune system. These dueling roles of TGF-β are dependent on its secretion and activation. Local radiation therapy (RT) can activate TGF-β via reactive oxygen species. Such TGF-β expression is linked to radioresistance and dose-limiting toxicities, reducing the effectiveness of RT. In these studies, we aim to characterize the effect of RT on the temporal and cell-specific expression patterns of TGF-β isoforms in mouse tumor models. This will inform treatment regimens combining isoform specific anti-TGF-β therapy with RT.
Methods: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS): C57BL/6 mice were implanted on the hind limb with B16-F10 melanoma cells. On day 10, tumors were irradiated locally with 15 Gy. Expression of TGF-β isoforms was measured at 1, 3 and 5 days post-RT by FACS. In vivo: C57BL/6 mice were implanted with tumors and irradiated as described. Mice were treated (10/group) with anti-TGF-β1, anti-TGF-β3 or a pan-TGF-β antibody beginning 1 day after RT given intraperitoneally (200 ug/mouse) every other day for 8 doses. Tumor growth and overall survival were monitored. A similar experiment was conducted in the 4T1 breast cancer model, in which mice were treated 1 day prior to radiation.
Results: FACS data indicated that TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 expression increases on most immune cells in the tumor 1 day after RT, decreases 3 days after RT and reaches a peak 5 days after RT. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrate that both αTGF-β1 and αTGF-β3 as monotherapies have activity against B16 melanoma. In combination with RT, αTGF-β3 shows greater antitumor activity compared to αTGF-β1 in melanoma. Similar observations were obtained in a 4T1 breast model; however, αTGF-β3 alone and in combination with RT as well as αTGF-β1 + RT showed a significant delay against tumor growth. No significant differences in survival were seen in either tumor model.
Conclusions: TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 are expressed on numerous lymphoid and myeloid cells in B16 tumors and spleens. TGF-β isoform expression peaks 5 days post-RT. Anti-TGF-β therapy is effective in delaying tumor growth and may synergize with RT in certain cancers. This demonstrates rationale for the use of anti-TGF-β therapy to enhance the effectiveness of RT in cancer.
Citation Format: Aditi Gupta, Sadna Budhu, Rachel Giese, Jacques van Snick, Catherine Uyttenhove, Gerd Ritter, Jedd Wolchok, Taha Merghoub. Targeting specific TGF-β isoforms in combination with radiation therapy leads to differential antitumor effects in mouse models of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4716.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sadna Budhu
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rachel Giese
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Gerd Ritter
- 3Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Jedd Wolchok
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Taha Merghoub
- 1Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Drouin EE, Savitsky D, Gonzalez AM, Gombos R, Chand D, Waight J, Yang X, Khattar M, Morin B, Findeis M, Schaer D, Merghoub T, Ritter G, Tanne A, Dijk MV, Goldberg JM, Levey D, Castle J, Cuillerot JM, Buell JS, Stein R, Wilson NS. Abstract 3654: AGEN1884, an IgG1 anti-CTLA-4 antibody, combines effectively with PD-1 blockade in primary human T cell assays and in a non-human primate pharmacodynamic (PD) model. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) play important non-redundant roles in negatively regulating T cell immune responses. Therapeutic blockade of CTLA-4 or PD-1 pathways has been demonstrated to enhance T cell reactivity to tumor-specific antigens, translating to a significant improvement in overall survival. This anti-tumor effect can be further augmented when PD-1 and CTLA-4 antagonist antibodies are co-administered. The therapeutic impact of this combination is exemplified by the approval of this combination for advanced melanoma, as well as clinical benefit of the combination observed in NSCLC, mRCC, and most recently, mUC. AGEN1884, a human IgG1 antibody directed against CTLA-4, potently inhibits CTLA-4 binding to CD80 and CD86, resulting in enhanced T cell responsiveness in vitro, as well as in a vaccination model in non-human primates. A Phase 1 clinical study (NCT02694822) is currently ongoing to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships in patients with advanced solid tumors. AGEN2034 is a human IgG4 antibody that binds selectively to PD-1 with high affinity and potentiates T cell responsiveness via the blockade of PD-L1 and PD-L2 binding to PD-1. Here we evaluated the pharmacologic effect of combining AGEN1884 with AGEN2034, and other molecules targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, on primary human T cell immune responses. AGEN1884 combined effectively with AGEN2034, and other antibodies targeting the PD1/PD-L1 pathway, to promote superior T cell immune responses compared to monotherapies. Consistent with these in vitro findings, the co-administration of AGEN1884 with an anti-PD-1 antibody in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) induced a dynamic PD effect, including a proliferative T cell response in peripheral blood, as compared to animals receiving either antibody alone. Finally, co-administration of an anti-mouse CTLA-4 antibody together with Agenus’ tumor-specific neo-epitope-based vaccine (AutoSynVax™) in mice induced effective amplification of vaccine-driven T cell responses, compared to animals that received the vaccine alone. These data further exemplify the versatility of harnessing antibody-mediated CTLA-4 blockade to influence apical events involved in T cell priming by antigen presenting cells. Taken together, these in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate that the combination of AGEN1884 with PD-1 pathway blockade or with neo-epitope-based vaccines has the potential to provide therapeutic activity that is superior to that of either checkpoint- or vaccine-based monotherapies.
Citation Format: Elise E. Drouin, David Savitsky, Ana M. Gonzalez, Randi Gombos, Dhan Chand, Jeremy Waight, Xia Yang, Mithun Khattar, Benjamin Morin, Mark Findeis, David Schaer, Taha Merghoub, Gerd Ritter, Antoine Tanne, Marc van Dijk, John M. Goldberg, Daniel Levey, John Castle, Jean-Marie Cuillerot, Jennifer S. Buell, Robert Stein, Nicholas S. Wilson. AGEN1884, an IgG1 anti-CTLA-4 antibody, combines effectively with PD-1 blockade in primary human T cell assays and in a non-human primate pharmacodynamic (PD) model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3654. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3654
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Schaer
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Taha Merghoub
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Gerd Ritter
- 2Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - John Castle
- 3Agenus, Inc. / 4-Antibody, Basel, Switzerland
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Gonzalez AM, Manrique ML, Swiech L, Horn T, Waight J, Liu Y, Lin S, Underwood D, Breous E, Leger O, Seibert V, Merghoub T, Zappasodi R, Ritter G, Schaer D, Heller KN, Brill K, Scherle P, Hollis G, Huber R, Dijk MV, Buell J, Stein R, Wilson NS. Abstract 3643: INCAGN1876, a unique GITR agonist antibody that facilitates GITR oligomerization. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related protein (GITR, CD357 or TNFRSF18) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). Like other T cell co-stimulatory TNFR family members, GITR utilizes multiple oligomerization states to regulate the initiation of downstream signaling during T cell activation by antigen presenting cells (APCs). The formation of receptor superclusters, comprised of two or more trimeric molecules, has been defined for multiple TNFRs as a means of regulating downstream signal amplification. For co-stimulatory TNFRs, like GITR, CD137 and OX40, signaling outcomes in T cells are primarily mediated via the NFκB pathway that promotes cell survival and effector cell activities in response to suboptimal T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. It has been hypothesized that the manipulation of the oligomeric states of co-stimulatory TNFRs using antibodies may have therapeutic utility in enhancing the activity of tumor-reactive T cells, either as single agents or in combination with other immunomodulatory or immune education strategies. Here we describe a structure-based analysis of two functionally distinct classes of anti-human GITR antibodies that stabilize unique conformational states of the receptor. INCAGN1876, a human IgG1 monoclonal anti-GITR antibody, was found to engage a conformational epitope located within a β-turn of the extracellular domain of GITR. This antibody binding site modified the equilibrium of GITR monomer, dimer and trimers to promote receptor oligomerization, resulting in downstream NFκB signaling. Notably, this mode of INCAGN1876 receptor engagement enabled it to effectively activate the GITR pathway in recently primed T cells. By contrast, a second reference anti-GITR antibody required concomitant TCR co-engagement in order to modulate the GITR pathway. High content confocal analysis was used to evaluate the kinetics of GITR clustering by both classes of anti-GITR antibody, confirming our T cell functional analysis. The ability of INCAGN1876 to engage and effectively activate GITR on recently primed T cells may enable them to overcome suppressive features of the tumor microenvironment. Notably, INCAGN1876 was shown to promote T cell co-stimulation both as a single agent and in combination with other antibodies targeting PD-1, CTLA-4 and OX40. Finally, we compared the pharmacologic activity of INCAGN1876 to Fc variants of this antibody with diminished binding to the inhibitory Fcγ receptor (FcγR), CD32B. The superiority of an IgG1 antibody in these assays was consistent with the potential to achieve optimal GITR clustering by FcγRs, while maintaining the potential for FcγR-mediated effector cell activity directed toward intratumoral GITRhigh regulatory T cells. INCAGN1876 is currently under evaluation in Phase 1/2 studies in subjects with advanced metastatic solid tumors (NCT02697591).
Citation Format: Ana M. Gonzalez, Mariana L. Manrique, Lukasz Swiech, Thomas Horn, Jeremy Waight, Yuqi Liu, Shiwen Lin, Dennis Underwood, Ekaterina Breous, Olivier Leger, Volker Seibert, Taha Merghoub, Roberta Zappasodi, Gerd Ritter, David Schaer, Kevin N. Heller, Kimberli Brill, Peggy Scherle, Gregory Hollis, Reid Huber, Marc van Dijk, Jennifer Buell, Robert Stein, Nicholas S. Wilson. INCAGN1876, a unique GITR agonist antibody that facilitates GITR oligomerization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3643. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3643
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taha Merghoub
- 3Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Gerd Ritter
- 4The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - David Schaer
- 3Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Goerke M, Ulanowski Z, Ritter G, Hesse E, Neely RR, Taylor L, Stillwell RA, Kaye PH. Characterizing ice particles using two-dimensional reflections of a lidar beam. Appl Opt 2017; 56:G188-G196. [PMID: 29047484 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.00g188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a phenomenon manifesting itself as brief flashes of light on the snow's surface near a lidar beam. The flashes are imaged and interpreted as specular reflection patterns from individual ice particles. Such patterns have a two-dimensional structure and are similar to those previously observed in forward scattering. Patterns are easiest to capture from particles with well-defined horizontal facets, such as near-horizontally aligned plates. The patterns and their position can be used to determine properties such as ice particle shape, size, roughness, alignment, and altitude. Data obtained at Summit in Greenland show the presence of regular hexagonal and scalene plates, columns, and rounded plates of various sizes, among others.
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Damasceno L, Ritter G, Batt CA. Process development for production and purification of the Schistosoma mansoni Sm14 antigen. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 134:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Salvatores M, Slessarev I, Tchistiakov A, Ritter G. The Potential of Accelerator-Driven Systems for Transmutation or Power Production Using Thorium or Uranium Fuel Cycles. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse97-a24485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Salvatores
- Nuclear Reactor Directorate, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA - DRN - Bat. 707 CE de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - I. Slessarev
- Nuclear Reactor Directorate, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA - DRN - Bat. 707 CE de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - A. Tchistiakov
- Nuclear Reactor Directorate, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA - DRN - Bat. 707 CE de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
| | - G. Ritter
- Nuclear Reactor Directorate, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, CEA - DRN - Bat. 707 CE de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
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Shiels SM, Cobb RR, Bedigrew KM, Ritter G, Kirk JF, Kimbler A, Finger Baker I, Wenke JC. Antibiotic-loaded bone void filler accelerates healing in a femoral condylar rat model. Bone Joint J 2017; 98-B:1126-31. [PMID: 27482028 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b8.37634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Demineralised bone matrix (DBM) is rarely used for the local delivery of prophylactic antibiotics. Our aim, in this study, was to show that a graft with a bioactive glass and DBM combination, which is currently available for clinical use, can be loaded with tobramycin and release levels of antibiotic greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus without interfering with the bone healing properties of the graft, thus protecting the graft and surrounding tissues from infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibiotic was loaded into a graft and subsequently evaluated for drug elution kinetics and the inhibition of bacterial growth. A rat femoral condylar plug model was used to determine the effect of the graft, loaded with antibiotic, on bone healing. RESULTS We found that tobramycin loaded into a graft composed of bioglass and DBM eluted antibiotic above the minimum inhibitory concentration for three days in vitro. It was also found that the antibiotic loaded into the graft produced no adverse effects on the bone healing properties of the DBM at a lower level of antibiotic. CONCLUSION This antibiotic-loaded bone void filler may represent a promising option for the delivery of local antibiotics in orthopaedic surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1126-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shiels
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Bldg 3611, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA
| | - R R Cobb
- Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - K M Bedigrew
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Bldg 3611, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA
| | - G Ritter
- Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - J F Kirk
- Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - A Kimbler
- Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - I Finger Baker
- Nanotherapeutics Inc., 13859 Progress Blvd., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - J C Wenke
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Bldg 3611, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA
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Gonzalez AM, Manrique ML, Breous E, Savitsky D, Waight J, Gombos R, Liu Y, Lin S, Merghoub T, Hirschhorn-Cymerman D, Ritter G, Wolchok J, Scherle P, Hollis G, Huber R, Van Dijk M, Stein R, Wilson NS. Abstract 3204: INCAGN01949: an anti-OX40 agonist antibody with the potential to enhance tumor-specific T-cell responsiveness, while selectively depleting intratumoral regulatory T cells. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OX40 (CD134, TNFRSF4) is a T cell co-stimulatory receptor that potentiates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling during CD4+ and CD8+ T cell priming, effector cell differentiation and memory T cell recall responses. In preclinical mouse tumor models, surrogate anti-OX40 agonist antibodies have shown remarkable single agent anti-tumor efficacy, as well as the ability to combine effectively with other immunomodulatory antibodies and immune education strategies, such as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Agonistic antibodies targeting OX40 are predicted to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promote tumor-specific T cell immunity via two primary mechanisms: 1) binding and activating OX40 signaling in tumor-specific effector and memory T cells, thereby enhancing their responsiveness to tumor-associated antigens, and 2) co-engaging Fcγ receptors expressed by tumor-associated effector cells, and facilitating the selective depletion of intratumoral regulatory T cells.
INCAGN01949 is a novel fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody identified using the Retrocyte Display™ platform that is being developed for the treatment of advanced malignancies. INCAGN01949 recognizes human and cynomolgus monkey OX40 with comparable binding affinity. INCAGN01949 has been optimized to potently mediate receptor forward signaling under conditions of suboptimal TCR stimulation, leading to features like enhanced production of TNFα and IFNγ, and concomitant suppression of IL-10. INCAGN01949 achieves this functionality through OX40 clustering and downstream activation of the NFκB pathway in T cells, which is sustained across a broad range of antibody concentrations. Consistent with mouse preclinical tumor models, OX40 was found to be selectively overexpressed by intratumoral regulatory T cells from a variety of primary human tumor samples. Commensurate with its human IgG1 Fc region, INCAGN01949 can effectively co-engage activating Fcγ receptors on immune effector cells, including natural killer cells and macrophages. Therefore INCAGN01949 has the potential to mediate selective effector cell activity toward intratumoral populations of regulatory T cells.
The biophysical and functional attributes of INCAGN01949 make it suited for clinical development, both as a single agent and in combination with other immunomodulatory antibodies or immune education strategies.
Citation Format: Ana Maria Gonzalez, Mariana L. Manrique, Ekaterina Breous, David Savitsky, Jeremy Waight, Randi Gombos, Yuqi Liu, Shiwen Lin, Taha Merghoub, Daniel Hirschhorn-Cymerman, Gerd Ritter, Jedd Wolchok, Peggy Scherle, Gregory Hollis, Reid Huber, Marc Van Dijk, Robert Stein, Nicholas S. Wilson. INCAGN01949: an anti-OX40 agonist antibody with the potential to enhance tumor-specific T-cell responsiveness, while selectively depleting intratumoral regulatory T cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3204.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taha Merghoub
- 3Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Gerd Ritter
- 4The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Inc, New York, NY
| | - Jedd Wolchok
- 4The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Inc, New York, NY
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Gonzalez AM, Breous E, Manrique ML, Savitsky D, Waight J, Gombos R, Liu Y, Lin S, Leger O, Seibert V, Tsuji T, Merghoub T, Budha S, Zappasodi R, Ritter G, Wolchok J, Scherle P, Hollis G, Huber R, Van Dijk M, Stein R, Wilson N. Abstract 3220: A novel agonist antibody (INCAGN01876) that targets the costimulatory receptor GITR. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Activation of costimulatory receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily in T cells is considered a promising alternative approach to potentiate anti-tumor immunity that may complement strategies focused on the blockade of co-inhibitory pathways such PD-1/PDL1. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR, CD357 or TNFRSF18) is an important T cell costimulatory receptor that can potentiate T cell receptor (TCR) signaling during CD4+ and CD8+ T cell priming, effector cell differentiation and memory T cell recall responses. In humans GITR expression is generally restricted to subsets of T cells responding to TCR stimulation, and is co-expressed with OX40. Like other TNFR family members, GITR co-stimulation can enhance T cell responsiveness to suboptimal TCR signaling by activating the NFκB pathway, leading to enhanced cytokine responses and survival. GITR signaling in T cells may also promote resistance to the immune suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, thereby enhancing T cell responsiveness to weakly immunogenic tumor-associated antigens. INCAGN01876 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody being developed for the treatment of advanced malignancies. INCAGN01876 potently binds to human and non-human primate GITR but does not cross-react with related TNFR family members. INCAGN01876 has been optimized to mediate receptor forward signaling under suboptimal TCR stimulatory conditions, leading to increased production of TNFα and IFNγ by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. INCAGN01876 achieves this functionality by virtue of its ability to facilitate GITR clustering in TCR-stimulated T lymphocytes. In mouse preclinical tumor models, GITR was found to be selectively overexpressed by intratumoral regulatory T cells, a finding that was also observed in primary human tumor samples from diverse tumor types. In mouse models, this feature enabled a surrogate anti-GITR antibody to co-engage activating Fcγ receptors expressed by tumor-associated effector cells, and mediate the selective depletion of intratumoral regulatory T cells. Consistent with this, INCAGN01876 was designed to co-engage activating Fcγ receptors and was shown to efficiently mediate immune effector cell mechanisms, including ADCC and ADCP. Taken together, the biophysical and functional attributes of INCAGN01876 make it ideally suited for clinical development, both as a single agent and in combination with other immunomodulatory agents.
Citation Format: Ana Maria Gonzalez, Ekaterina Breous, Mariana L. Manrique, David Savitsky, Jeremy Waight, Randi Gombos, Yuqi Liu, Shiwen Lin, Olivier Leger, Volker Seibert, Takemasa Tsuji, Taha Merghoub, Sadna Budha, Roberta Zappasodi, Gerd Ritter, Jedd Wolchok, Peggy Scherle, Gregory Hollis, Reid Huber, Marc Van Dijk, Robert Stein, Nicholas Wilson. A novel agonist antibody (INCAGN01876) that targets the costimulatory receptor GITR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3220.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taha Merghoub
- 4Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sadna Budha
- 4Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Gerd Ritter
- 5The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Inc, New York, NY
| | - Jedd Wolchok
- 4Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Drouin EE, Gonzalez A, Tang H, Savitsky D, Gombos R, Waight J, Duckless B, Schuster A, Wang L, Lin S, Mundt C, Ritter G, Merghoub T, Draleau K, Wolchok J, Levey D, Buell J, van Dijk M, Goldberg JM, Stein R, Wilson NS. Abstract 5005: AGEN1884 and AGEN2041: Two functionally distinct anti-CTLA-4 antagonist antibodies. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CTLA-4 is an important negative regulator of T cell function. Together with CD28, these two co-receptors exemplify a co-inhibitory/stimulatory system that is critical in the regulation of T cell immune responses. Key to this regulatory system are the shared ligands, CD80 and CD86, whose engagement determines whether T cells receive stimulatory (CD28) or inhibitory (CTLA-4) signals. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that anti-CTLA-4 antibodies can enhance tumor-specific immunity through a combination of mechanisms including: 1) blockade and or displacement of CD80/CD86 binding to CTLA-4, leading to CD28 activation; 2) prevention of the trans-endocytosis of CD80/CD86 from the surface of antigen presenting cells by CTLA-4 expressing regulatory T cells; and 3) the selective depletion of CTLA-4 expressing intratumoral regulatory T cells by an Fcγ receptor-mediated mechanism.
AGEN1884 and AGEN2041, two fully human anti-CTLA-4 antibodies identified using the Retrocyte Display™ platform, are being developed for the treatment of advanced malignancies. The antibodies share heavy and light chain complementarity determining regions (CDRs), but differ in their IgG Fc region (AGEN1884, an IgG1, and AGEN2041, an IgG2). AGEN1884 and AGEN2041 selectively bind to human and cynomolgus monkey CTLA-4 with low single digit nM affinity. Further, both antibodies bind CTLA-4 expressed on T cells, and potently block engagement of CD80 and CD86, leading to enhanced T cell responsiveness. In a T cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) study in cynomolgus monkeys, administration of a vaccine in combination with either AGEN1884 or AGEN2041 augmented the antibody response to the vaccine antigen. This finding demonstrates that both antibodies are functional in non-human primates, and exemplifies their utility in promoting immunity to co-administered antigens in patients, such as therapeutic cancer vaccines. Consistent with this, an anti-mouse CTLA-4 antibody produced potent tumor regressions in combination with a heat-shock protein-based vaccine (a surrogate vaccine resembling Prophage™ heat shock protein-based autologous vaccine).
The distinct IgG backbones of AGEN1884 and AGEN2041 enable distinct optimal effector functions, such as the ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP). We anticipate that these differences in effector function may be exploited in certain tumors depending on immune cell composition. Taken together, the biochemical and functional attributes of AGEN1884 and AGEN2041 are ideally suited for clinical development, both as single agents and also in combination with other immune education approaches, such as cancer vaccines and immunomodulatory antibodies or small molecule therapies.
Citation Format: Elise E. Drouin, Ana Gonzalez, Hao Tang, David Savitsky, Randi Gombos, Jeremy Waight, Benjamin Duckless, Andrea Schuster, Lili Wang, Shiwen Lin, Cornelia Mundt, Gerd Ritter, Taha Merghoub, Kyle Draleau, Jedd Wolchok, Daniel Levey, Jennifer Buell, Marc van Dijk, John M. Goldberg, Robert Stein, Nicholas S. Wilson. AGEN1884 and AGEN2041: Two functionally distinct anti-CTLA-4 antagonist antibodies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5005.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Schuster
- 24-Antibody, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Agenus, Inc., Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelia Mundt
- 34-Antibody, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Agenus, Inc., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerd Ritter
- 4Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Taha Merghoub
- 5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kyle Draleau
- 5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jedd Wolchok
- 5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Marc van Dijk
- 34-Antibody, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Agenus, Inc., Basel, Switzerland
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Veit JA, Heine D, Thierauf J, Lennerz J, Shetty S, Schuler PJ, Whiteside T, Beutner D, Meyer M, Grünewald I, Ritter G, Gnjatic S, Sikora AG, Hoffmann TK, Laban S. Expression and clinical significance of MAGE and NY-ESO-1 cancer-testis antigens in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Head Neck 2016; 38:1008-16. [PMID: 26874246 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a rare but highly malignant tumor. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) represent an immunogenic family of cancer-specific proteins and thus represent an attractive target for immunotherapy. METHODS Eighty-four cases of ACC were identified, the CTAs pan-Melanoma antigen (pan-MAGE; M3H67) and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NY-ESO-1; E978) were detected immunohistochemically (IHC) and correlated with clinical data. RESULTS Expression of NY-ESO-1 was found in 48 of 84 patients (57.1%) and of pan-MAGE in 28 of 84 patients (31.2%). Median overall survival (OS) in NY-ESO-1 positive versus negative patients was 130.8 and 282.0 months (p = .223), respectively. OS in pan-MAGE positive versus negative patients was 105.3 and 190.5 months, respectively (p = .096). Patients expressing both NY-ESO-1 and pan-MAGE simultaneously had significantly reduced OS with a median of 90.5 months compared with 282.0 months in negative patients (p = .047). CONCLUSION A significant fraction of patients with ACC show expression of the CTAs NY-ESO-1 and/or pan-MAGE with promising immunotherapeutic implications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1008-1016, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Veit
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Heine
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Thierauf
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Subasch Shetty
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Kensington Hospital, Whangarei, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Grünewald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Andrew G Sikora
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Poser S, Ritter G, Bauer H, Friedrich H, Beland H, Denecke P. DISABILITY RATINGS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE AND PROSPECTIVE SERVICE PLANNING. Acta Neurol Scand 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb05536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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dos Santos LI, Galvão-Filho B, de Faria PC, Junqueira C, Dutra MS, Teixeira SMR, Rodrigues MM, Ritter G, Bannard O, Fearon DT, Antonelli LR, Gazzinelli RT. Blockade of CTLA-4 promotes the development of effector CD8+ T lymphocytes and the therapeutic effect of vaccination with an attenuated protozoan expressing NY-ESO-1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:311-23. [PMID: 25403749 PMCID: PMC11029141 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapy has long been a challenge. Here, we report that prophylactic vaccination with a highly attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi strain expressing NY-ESO-1 (CL-14-NY-ESO-1) induces both effector memory and effector CD8(+) T lymphocytes that efficiently prevent tumor development. However, the therapeutic effect of such a vaccine is limited. We also demonstrate that blockade of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) during vaccination enhances the frequency of NY-ESO-1-specific effector CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-γ and promotes lymphocyte migration to the tumor infiltrate. As a result, therapy with CL-14-NY-ESO-1 together with anti-CTLA-4 is highly effective in controlling the development of an established melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luara Isabela dos Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002 Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Bruno Galvão-Filho
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002 Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina de Faria
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002 Brazil
| | - Caroline Junqueira
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002 Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Miriam Santos Dutra
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002 Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Maurício Martins Rodrigues
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04044-010 Brazil
| | - Gerd Ritter
- New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065-6007 USA
| | - Oliver Bannard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Douglas Thomas Fearon
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 2QH UK
| | - Lis Ribeiro Antonelli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30190-002 Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605-02324 USA
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Odunsi K, Matsuzaki J, James SR, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Tsuji T, Miller A, Zhang W, Akers SN, Griffiths EA, Miliotto A, Beck A, Batt CA, Ritter G, Lele S, Gnjatic S, Karpf AR. Epigenetic potentiation of NY-ESO-1 vaccine therapy in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:37-49. [PMID: 24535937 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-testis/cancer-germline antigen NY-ESO-1 is a vaccine target in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), but its limited expression is a barrier to vaccine efficacy. As NY-ESO-1 is regulated by DNA methylation, we hypothesized that DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors may augment NY-ESO-1 vaccine therapy. In agreement, global DNA hypomethylation in EOC was associated with the presence of circulating antibodies to NY-ESO-1. Pre-clinical studies using EOC cell lines showed that decitabine treatment enhanced both NY-ESO-1 expression and NY-ESO-1-specific CTL-mediated responses. Based on these observations, we performed a phase I dose-escalation trial of decitabine, as an addition to NY-ESO-1 vaccine and doxorubicin liposome (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, in 12 patients with relapsed EOC. The regimen was safe, with limited and clinically manageable toxicities. Both global and promoter-specific DNA hypomethylation occurred in blood and circulating DNAs, the latter of which may reflect tumor cell responses. Increased NY-ESO-1 serum antibodies and T cell responses were observed in the majority of patients, and antibody spreading to additional tumor antigens was also observed. Finally, disease stabilization or partial clinical response occurred in 6/10 evaluable patients. Based on these encouraging results, evaluation of similar combinatorial chemo-immunotherapy regimens in EOC and other tumor types is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Smitha R James
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | | | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Wa Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - Stacey N Akers
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | | | - Anthony Miliotto
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Amy Beck
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Carl A Batt
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, NY Branch at Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York, NY, 10021
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68198
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263 ; Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198
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König E, Lindner E, Ritter G. Notizen: 2T2-Grundzustand im Tris(dithioacetylacetonato)eisen(III) und das Auftreten von 6A1—2T2-Übergängen in [FeIII—S6]-Komplexen. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1970-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. König
- Institute der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 8520 Erlangen
| | - E. Lindner
- Institute der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 8520 Erlangen
| | - G. Ritter
- Institute der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 8520 Erlangen
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Stelter L, Jungbluth A, Ritter G, Grieser C, Denecke T, Larson S. Evaluation einer enzymatischen Melanom-Therapie im Mausmodell mittels Positronen Emissions Tomografie (PET) und Molekularer Fluoreszenz Tomografie (FMT). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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König E, Ritter G, Braunecker B, Madeja K, Goodwin HA, Smith FE. Mößbauer-Effekt-Untersuchungen bei Änderung des Grundzustandes:5T2-1A1-„Spin-Gleichgewichte”︁ in Tris(2-methyl-1,10-phenanthrolin)Eisen(II)-Komplexen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19720760506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Laban S, Atanackovic D, Luetkens T, Knecht R, Busch CJ, Freytag M, Spagnoli G, Ritter G, Hoffmann TK, Knuth A, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Blessmann M, Borgmann K, Muenscher A, Clauditz TS. Simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression of melanoma antigen-A family and NY-ESO-1 cancer-testis antigens represents an independent marker for poor survival in head and neck cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1142-52. [PMID: 24482145 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients remains poor. The identification of high-risk subgroups is needed for the development of custom-tailored therapies. The expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) has been linked to a worse prognosis in other cancer types; however, their prognostic value in HNSCC is unclear because only few patients have been examined and data on CTA protein expression are sparse. A tissue microarray consisting of tumor samples from 453 HNSCC patients was evaluated for the expression of CTA proteins using immunohistochemistry. Frequency of expression and the subcellular expression pattern (nuclear, cytoplasmic, or both) was recorded. Protein expression of melanoma antigen (MAGE)-A family CTA, MAGE-C family CTA and NY-ESO-1 was found in approximately 30, 7 and 4% of tumors, respectively. The subcellular expression pattern in particular had a marked impact on the patients' prognosis. Median overall survival (OS) of patients with (i) simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear expression compared to (ii) either cytoplasmic or nuclear expression and (iii) negative patients was 23.0 versus 109.0 versus 102.5 months, for pan-MAGE (p < 0.0001), 46.6 versus 50.0 versus 109.0 for MAGE-A3/A4 (p = 0.0074) and 13.3 versus 50.0 versus 100.2 months for NY-ESO-1 (p = 0.0019). By multivariate analysis, these factors were confirmed as independent markers for poor survival. HNSCC patients showing protein expression of MAGE-A family members or NY-ESO-1 represent a subgroup with an extraordinarily poor survival. The development of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these CTA may, therefore, be a promising approach to improve the outcome of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Treatment in patients with nonresectable and resectable colorectal cancer at the advanced stage is challenging, therefore intensive strategies such as chemotherapy, signaling inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to control the disease are required. mAbs are particularly promising tools owing to their target specificities and strong antitumor activities through multiple mechanisms, as shown by rituximab in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and trastuzumab in breast cancer. Three mAbs (cetuximab, bevacizumab and panitumumab) have been approved for the treatment of colorectal cancer in the USA and many other mAbs are being tested in clinical trials. The potential of antibody therapy is associated with several mechanisms including interference of vital signaling pathways targeted by the antibody and immune cytotoxicity selectively directed against tumor cells by tumor-bound antibody through the Fc portion of the antibody, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, recent experimental findings have shown that immune complexes formed by therapeutic mAbs with tumor-released antigens could augment the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells through activation of APCs. In addition, antibodies targeting immune checkpoints on hematopoietic cells have recently opened a new avenue for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we focus on mAb treatment in colorectal cancer and its immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Noguchi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Tsuji T, Sabbatini P, Jungbluth AA, Ritter E, Pan L, Ritter G, Ferran L, Spriggs D, Salazar AM, Gnjatic S. Effect of Montanide and poly-ICLC adjuvant on human self/tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in phase I overlapping long peptide vaccine trial. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 1:340-50. [PMID: 24777970 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of patients with ovarian cancer with overlapping long peptides (OLP) from cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 and poly-ICLC in Montanide-ISA-51 (Montanide) was found to consistently induce integrated immune responses (antibody, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells). Using detailed methods, we investigated the respective effects of poly-ICLC and Montanide adjuvant on pre- and postvaccine NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T cells, because of their central function for induction and maintenance of both antibody and CD8(+) T cells. Polyclonal NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell lines were generated from 12 patients using CD154-based selection of precursors before and after vaccination with (i) OLP alone, (ii) OLP in Montanide, or (iii) OLP and poly-ICLC in Montanide. Kinetics, quantification, fine specificity, avidity, and cytokine-producing pattern were analyzed in depth and compared between vaccine cohorts. Vaccination with OLP alone did not elicit CD4(+) T-cell responses; it suppressed high-avidity CD4(+) T-cell precursors that recognized naturally processed NY-ESO-1 protein before vaccination. Emulsification of OLP in Montanide was required for the expansion of high-avidity NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell precursors. Poly-ICLC significantly enhanced CD4(+) Th1 responses while suppressing the induction of interleukin (IL)-4-producing Th2 and IL-9-producing Th9 cells. In summary, Montanide and poly-ICLC had distinct and cooperative effects for the induction of NY-ESO-1-specific Th1 cells and integrated immune responses by OLP vaccination. These results support the use of admixing poly-ICLC in Montanide adjuvant to rapidly induce antitumor type I immune responses by OLP from self/tumor antigens in human cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Tsuji
- Authors' Affiliations: Oncovir, Washington, District of Columbia
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24
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Reis BS, Jungbluth AA, Frosina D, Holz M, Ritter E, Nakayama E, Ishida T, Obata Y, Carver B, Scher H, Scardino PT, Slovin S, Subudhi SK, Reuter VE, Savage C, Allison JP, Melamed J, Jäger E, Ritter G, Old LJ, Gnjatic S. Prostate cancer progression correlates with increased humoral immune response to a human endogenous retrovirus GAG protein. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6112-25. [PMID: 24081977 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) encode 8% of the human genome. While HERVs may play a role in autoimmune and neoplastic disease, no mechanistic association has yet been established. We studied the expression and immunogenicity of a HERV-K GAG protein encoded on chromosome 22q11.23 in relation to the clinical course of prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro expression of GAG-HERV-K was analyzed in panels of normal and malignant tissues, microarrays, and cell lines, and effects of demethylation and androgen stimulation were evaluated. Patient sera were analyzed for seroreactivity to GAG-HERV-K and other self-antigens by ELISA and seromics (protein array profiling). RESULTS GAG-HERV-K expression was most frequent in prostate tissues and regulated both by demethylation of the promoter region and by androgen stimulation. Serum screening revealed that antibodies to GAG-HERV-K are found in a subset of patients with prostate cancer (33 of 483, 6.8%) but rarely in male healthy donors (1 of 55, 1.8%). Autoantibodies to GAG-HERV-K occurred more frequently in patients with advanced prostate cancer (29 of 191 in stage III-IV, 21.0%) than in early prostate cancer (4 of 292 in stages I-II, 1.4%). Presence of GAG-HERV-K serum antibody was correlated with worse survival of patients with prostate cancer, with a trend for faster biochemical recurrence in patients with antibodies to GAG-HERV-K. CONCLUSIONS Preferential expression of GAG-HERV-K ch22q11.23 in prostate cancer tissue and increased frequency of autoantibodies observed in patients with advanced prostate cancer make this protein one of the first bona fide retroviral cancer antigens in humans, with potential as a biomarker for progression and biochemical recurrence rate of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6112-25. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sgarbi Reis
- Authors' Affiliations: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Departments of Surgery, Medicine, Pathology, Biostatistics, and Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; NYU Langone Medical Center, New York; Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama; RIKEN Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and Klinik für Onkologie und Hämatologie, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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25
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Bardliving CL, Lowe AJ, Huang CJ, Manley L, Ritter G, Old L, Batt CA. Process development and production of cGMP grade Melan-A for cancer vaccine clinical trials. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 92:171-82. [PMID: 24045055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melan-A is a cancer testis antigen commonly found in melanoma, and has been shown to stimulate the body's immune response against cancerous cells. We have developed and executed a process utilizing current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) to produce the 6 times-His tagged protein in C41DE3 Escherichia coli for use in Phase I clinical trials. Approximately 11 g of purified Melan-A were produced from a 20 L fed-batch fermentation. Purification was achieved through a three column process utilizing immobilized metal affinity, anion exchange, and cation exchange chromatography with a buffer system optimized for low-solubility, high LPS binding capacity proteins. The host cell proteins, residual DNA, and endotoxin concentration were well below limits for a prescribed dose with a final purity level of 91%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L Bardliving
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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26
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dos Santos ML, Yeda FP, Tsuruta LR, Horta BB, Pimenta AA, Degaki TL, Soares IC, Tuma MC, Okamoto OK, Alves VAF, Old LJ, Ritter G, Moro AM. Rebmab200, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the sodium phosphate transporter NaPi2b displays strong immune mediated cytotoxicity against cancer: a novel reagent for targeted antibody therapy of cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70332. [PMID: 23936189 PMCID: PMC3729455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NaPi2b, a sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, is highly expressed in ovarian carcinomas and is recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody MX35. The antibody had shown excellent targeting to ovarian cancer in several early phase clinical trials but being murine the antibody's full therapeutic potential could not be explored. To overcome this impediment we developed a humanized antibody version named Rebmab200, expressed in human PER.C6® cells and cloned by limiting dilution. In order to select a clone with high therapeutic potential clones were characterized using a series of physicochemical assays, flow cytometry, real-time surface plasmon resonance, glycosylation analyses, immunohistochemistry, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent-cytotoxicity assays and quantitative PCR. Comparative analyses of Rebmab200 and MX35 monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the two antibodies had similar specificity for NaPi2b by flow cytometry with a panel of 30 cell lines and maintained similar kinetic parameters. Robust and high producer cell clones potentially suitable for use in manufacturing were obtained. Rebmab200 antibodies were assessed by immunohistochemistry using a large panel of tissues including human carcinomas of ovarian, lung, kidney and breast origin. An assessment of its binding towards 33 normal human organs was performed as well. Rebmab200 showed selected strong reactivity with the tested tumor types but little or no reactivity with the normal tissues tested confirming its potential for targeted therapeutics strategies. The remarkable cytotoxicity shown by Rebmab200 in OVCAR-3 cells is a significant addition to the traits of stability and productivity displayed by the top clones of Rebmab200. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated toxicity functionality was confirmed in repeated assays using cancer cell lines derived from ovary, kidney and lung as targets. To explore use of this antibody in clinical trials, GMP production of Rebmab200 has been initiated. As the next step of development, Phase I clinical trials are now planned for translation of Rebmab200 into the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Complement System Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/immunology
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lopes dos Santos
- Lab. de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Perez Yeda
- Lab. de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rumi Tsuruta
- Lab. de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Brasil Horta
- Lab. de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alécio A. Pimenta
- Lab. de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Theri Leica Degaki
- Lab. de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ibere C. Soares
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
- LIM14-Depto. de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
- Depto. de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Venancio A. F. Alves
- Recepta Biopharma, São Paulo, Brazil
- LIM14-Depto. de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lloyd J. Old
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Ana Maria Moro
- Lab. de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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27
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von Boehmer L, Mattle M, Bode P, Landshammer A, Schäfer C, Nuber N, Ritter G, Old L, Moch H, Schäfer N, Jäger E, Knuth A, van den Broek M. NY-ESO-1-specific immunological pressure and escape in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Cancer Immun 2013; 13:12. [PMID: 23882157 PMCID: PMC3718732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During cancer progression, malignant cells may evade immunosurveillance. However, evidence for immunological escape in humans is scarce. We report here the clinical course of a melanoma patient whose initial tumor was positive for the antigens NY-ESO-1, MAGE-C1, and Melan-A. Upon immunization with a recombinant vaccinia/fowlpox NY-ESO-1 construct, the patient experienced a mixed clinical response and spreading of the NY-ESO-1 epitopes in the CD4+ T cell compartment. After NY-ESO-1 protein + CpG immunization, the patient's anti-NY-ESO-1 IgG response increased. Over the following years, progressing lesions were resected and found to be NY-ESO-1-negative while being positive for MAGE-C1, Melan-A, and MHC-I. The fatal, inoperable brain metastasis was analyzed after his death and also proved to be NY-ESO-1-negative, while being positive for MAGE-C1 and Melan-A, as well as MHC-I. We propose that cancer control and cancer escape in this patient were governed by NY-ESO-1-specific immunological pressure. Our findings provide evidence for the existence of immunoediting and immunoescape in this cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta von Boehmer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Hirayama M, Nishikawa H, Nagata Y, Tsuji T, Kato T, Kageyama S, Ueda S, Sugiyama D, Hori S, Sakaguchi S, Ritter G, Old LJ, Gnjatic S, Shiku H. Overcoming regulatory T-cell suppression by a lyophilized preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:989-1000. [PMID: 23436617 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have yet to yield clinical benefit, despite the measurable induction of humoral and cellular immune responses. As immunosuppression by CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells has been linked to the failure of cancer immunotherapy, blocking suppression is therefore critical for successful clinical strategies. Here, we addressed whether a lyophilized preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes (OK-432), which stimulates Toll-like receptors, could overcome Treg-cell suppression of CD4(+) T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. OK-432 significantly enhanced in vitro proliferation of CD4(+) effector T cells by blocking Treg-cell suppression and this blocking effect depended on IL-12 derived from antigen-presenting cells. Direct administration of OK-432 into tumor-associated exudate fluids resulted in a reduction of the frequency and suppressive function of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells. Furthermore, when OK-432 was used as an adjuvant of vaccination with HER2 and NY-ESO-1 for esophageal cancer patients, NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell precursors were activated, and NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T cells were detected within the effector/memory T-cell population. CD4(+) T-cell clones from these patients had high-affinity TCRs and recognized naturally processed NY-ESO-1 protein presented by dendritic cells. OK-432 therefore inhibits Treg-cell function and contributes to the activation of high-avidity tumor antigen-specific naive T-cell precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Hirayama
- Department of Cancer Vaccine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
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29
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Gupta A, Nuber N, Esslinger C, Wittenbrink M, Treder M, Landshammer A, Noguchi T, Kelly M, Gnjatic S, Ritter E, von Boehmer L, Nishikawa H, Shiku H, Old L, Ritter G, Knuth A, van den Broek M. A novel human-derived antibody against NY-ESO-1 improves the efficacy of chemotherapy. Cancer Immun 2013; 13:3. [PMID: 23390374 PMCID: PMC3559191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether antibodies against intracellular tumor-associated antigens support tumor-specific immunity when administered together with a treatment that destroys the tumor. We propose that released antigens form immune complexes with the antibodies, which are then efficiently taken up by dendritic cells. We cloned the first human monoclonal antibodies against the Cancer/Testis (CT) antigen, NY-ESO-1. We tested whether the monoclonal anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody (12D7) facilitates cross-presentation of a NY-ESO-1-derived epitope by dendritic cells to human CD8+ T cells, and whether this results in the maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. We investigated the efficacy of 12D7 in combination with chemotherapy using BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic CT26 tumors that express intracellular NY-ESO-1. Human dendritic cells that were incubated with NY-ESO-1:12D7 immune complexes efficiently stimulated NY-ESO-1(157-165)/HLA-A2-specific human CD8+ T cells to produce interferon-γ, whereas NY-ESO-1 alone did not. Furthermore, the incubation of dendritic cells with NY-ESO-1:12D7 immune complexes resulted in the maturation of dendritic cells. Treatment of BALB/c mice that bear CT26/NY-ESO-1 tumors with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus 12D7 was significantly more effective than chemotherapy alone. We propose systemic injection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against tumor-associated antigens plus a treatment that promotes the local release of those antigens resulting in immune complex formation as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Gupta
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natko Nuber
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Takuro Noguchi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erika Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lotta von Boehmer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Departments of Cancer Vaccine and Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Lloyd Old
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Knuth
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Stelter L, Evans MJ, Jungbluth AA, Longo VA, Zanzonico P, Ritter G, Bomalaski JS, Old L, Larson SM. Imaging of tumor vascularization using fluorescence molecular tomography to monitor arginine deiminase treatment in melanoma. Mol Imaging 2013; 12:67-73. [PMID: 23348793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on their inability to express argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), some cancer entities feature the characteristic of L-arginine (Arg) auxotrophy. This inability to intrinsically generate Arg makes them applicable for arginine deiminase (ADI) treatment, an Arg-depleting drug. Arg is also used for the synthesis of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), which mainly confers vasodilatation but is also considered to have a major influence on tumor vascularization. The purpose of this study was to define changes in tumor vasculature in an ADI-treated melanoma xenograft mouse model using the blood pool agent AngioSense 750 and fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). We used an ASS-negative melanoma xenograft mouse model and subjected it to weekly ADI treatment. Changes in tumor size were measured, and alterations in tumor vasculature were depicted by FMT and CD31 immunohistochemistry (IHC). On ADI treatment and effective antitumor therapy, we observed a drop in NO plasma levels and visualized changes in tumor vascularization with FMT and IHC. ADI treatment in melanoma xenografts has a tumor-reducing effect, which can be noninvasively imaged by quantifying tumor vascularization with FMT and IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Stelter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Sabbatini P, Tsuji T, Ferran L, Ritter E, Sedrak C, Tuballes K, Jungbluth AA, Ritter G, Aghajanian C, Bell-McGuinn K, Hensley ML, Konner J, Tew W, Spriggs DR, Hoffman EW, Venhaus R, Pan L, Salazar AM, Diefenbach CM, Old LJ, Gnjatic S. Phase I Trial of Overlapping Long Peptides from a Tumor Self-Antigen and Poly-ICLC Shows Rapid Induction of Integrated Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6497-508. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Karbach J, Neumann A, Brand K, Wahle C, Siegel E, Maeurer M, Ritter E, Tsuji T, Gnjatic S, Old LJ, Ritter G, Jäger E. Phase I clinical trial of mixed bacterial vaccine (Coley's toxins) in patients with NY-ESO-1 expressing cancers: immunological effects and clinical activity. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5449-59. [PMID: 22847809 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mixed bacterial vaccine (MBV, Coley's toxins) is a historical, vaguely defined preparation of heat-inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens used as nonspecific immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. The mechanism of action is suspected to have an immunologic basis, yet it is poorly defined up to now. We developed a new, biochemically well defined and current good manufacturing practice-compliant MBV preparation, which has been investigated in patients with NY-ESO-1 expressing cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients received MBV subcutaneously at a starting dose of 250 EU (endotoxin units) twice a week. The MBV dose was escalated in each patient until a body temperature of 38°C to 39.5°C was induced or up to the maximum dose of 547.000 EU. Changes in serum cytokine levels were determined and immune responses to NY-ESO-1 were evaluated. Tumor response was assessed according to RECIST. RESULTS Twelve patients were enrolled and 11 of them developed fever after the administration of MBV. Ten of 12 patients showed a consistent increase in serum IL-6 levels with the highest levels coinciding with the highest body temperature. A subgroup of patients showed increasing levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL1-β. A patient with metastatic bladder cancer showed a partial tumor response strongly correlated with MBV-induced fever and highly elevated levels of several cytokines. CONCLUSIONS MBV at fever-inducing dose levels can lead to a massive induction of immunoregulatory cytokines that may be involved in inducing tumor regressions. We propose to further explore the role of MBV as a potent immune modulator at higher dose levels and in conjunction with antigen-specific cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karbach
- Klinik für Onkologie und Hämatologie, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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33
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Ademuyiwa FO, Bshara W, Attwood K, Edge SB, Ambrosone CB, Morrison CD, Ritter G, Miliotto A, Gnjatic S, Odunsi K. Immunogenicity of NY-ESO-1 cancer testis antigen in triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e11563 Background: NY-ESO-1 cancer testis (CT) antigen is an attractive candidate for immunotherapy as a result of its high immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for NY-ESO-1 antigen directed immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) by determining the frequency of expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the degree of inherent immunogenicity to NY-ESO-1. Methods: 168 TNBC and 47 ER+/HER2- primary breast cancer specimens were used to determine NY-ESO-1 frequency by IHC. As previous studies have shown that patients with a robust innate humoral immune response to CT antigens are more likely to develop CD8 T-cell responses to NY-ESO-1 peptides, we evaluated the degree to which patients with NY-ESO-1 expression had inherent immunogenicity by measuring antibodies. The relationship between NY-ESO-1 expression and CD8+ T lymphocytes was also examined. Results: The frequency of NY-ESO-1 expression in the TNBC cohort was 16% versus 2% in ER+/HER2- patients. A higher NY-ESO-1 score was associated with a younger age at diagnosis in the TNBC patients with NY-ESO-1 expression (p= 0.026). No differences in OS (p=0.278) or PFS (p=0.238) by NY-ESO-1 expression status were detected. Antibody responses to NY-ESO-1 were found in 73% of TNBC patients whose tumors were NY-ESO-1 positive. NY-ESO-1 positive patients had higher CD8 counts than negative patients (p=0.018). Conclusions: NY-ESO-1 is expressed in a substantial subset of TNBC patients and leads to a high humoral immune response in a large proportion of these individuals. Given these observations, patients with TNBC may benefit from targeted therapies directed against NY-ESO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
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Junqueira C, Guerrero AT, Galvão-Filho B, Andrade WA, Salgado APC, Cunha TM, Ropert C, Campos MA, Penido MLO, Mendonça-Previato L, Previato JO, Ritter G, Cunha FQ, Gazzinelli RT. Trypanosoma cruzi adjuvants potentiate T cell-mediated immunity induced by a NY-ESO-1 based antitumor vaccine. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36245. [PMID: 22567144 PMCID: PMC3342165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological adjuvants that induce T cell-mediate immunity (TCMI) with the least side effects are needed for the development of human vaccines. Glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPL) and CpGs oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) derived from the protozoa parasite Trypanosoma cruzi induce potent pro-inflammatory reaction through activation of Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)4 and TLR9, respectively. Here, using mouse models, we tested the T. cruzi derived TLR agonists as immunological adjuvants in an antitumor vaccine. For comparison, we used well-established TLR agonists, such as the bacterial derived monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), lipopeptide (Pam3Cys), and CpG ODN. All tested TLR agonists were comparable to induce antibody responses, whereas significant differences were noticed in their ability to elicit CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cell responses. In particular, both GIPLs (GTH, and GY) and CpG ODNs (B344, B297 and B128) derived from T. cruzi elicited interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD4(+) T cells. On the other hand, the parasite derived CpG ODNs, but not GIPLs, elicited a potent IFN-γ response by CD8(+) T lymphocytes. The side effects were also evaluated by local pain (hypernociception). The intensity of hypernociception induced by vaccination was alleviated by administration of an analgesic drug without affecting protective immunity. Finally, the level of protective immunity against the NY-ESO-1 expressing melanoma was associated with the magnitude of both CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cell responses elicited by a specific immunological adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Junqueira
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Galvão-Filho
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Warrison A. Andrade
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ana Paula C. Salgado
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Catherine Ropert
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Campos
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus L. O. Penido
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Mendonça-Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Oswaldo Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stelter L, Evans MJ, Jungbluth AA, Zanzonico P, Ritter G, Ku T, Rosenfeld E, Bomalaski JS, Old L, Larson SM. Präklinische Evaluation eines neuartigen Therapieansatzes im malignen Melanom mittels F-18 FDG PET und Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ritter G. "But Dr. Old, we already have an antibody!" Reflections on Lloyd Old's "academic biotech" approach for targeted antibodies. Cancer Immun 2012; 12:9. [PMID: 22896754 PMCID: PMC3380356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch of Human Cancer Immunology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Noguchi T, Kato T, Wang L, Maeda Y, Ikeda H, Sato E, Knuth A, Gnjatic S, Ritter G, Sakaguchi S, Old LJ, Shiku H, Nishikawa H. Intracellular Tumor-Associated Antigens Represent Effective Targets for Passive Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1672-82. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy against tumor antigens expressed on the tumor surface is associated with clinical benefit. However, many tumor antigens are intracellular molecules that generally would not be considered suitable targets for mAb therapy. In this study, we provide evidence challenging this view through an investigation of the efficacy of mAb directed against NY-ESO-1, a widely expressed immunogen in human tumors that is expressed intracellularly rather than on the surface of cells. On their own, NY-ESO-1 mAb could neither augment antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell induction nor cause tumor eradication. To facilitate mAb access to intracellular target molecules, we combined anti-NY-ESO-1 mAb with anticancer drugs to accentuate the release of intracellular NY-ESO-1 from dying tumor cells. Strikingly, combination therapy induced a strong antitumor effect that was accompanied by the development of NY-ESO-1–specific effector/memory CD8+ T cells that were not elicited by single treatments alone. The combinatorial effect was also associated with upregulation of maturation markers on dendritic cells, consistent with the organization of an effective antitumor T-cell response. Administration of Fc-depleted F(ab) mAb or combination treatment in Fcγ receptor–deficient host mice abolished the therapeutic effect. Together, our findings show that intracellular tumor antigens can be captured by mAbs and engaged in an efficient induction of CD8+ T-cell responses, greatly expanding the possible use of mAb for passive cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 72(7); 1672–82. ©2012 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Noguchi
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Takuma Kato
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Linan Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Yuka Maeda
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Alexander Knuth
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Lloyd J. Old
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Cancer Vaccine, 2Cellular and Molecular Immunology, and 3Immuno-Gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie; 4Department of Surgical Oncology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido; 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka; 6Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and 8Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Caballero OL, Jungbluth AA, Ritter G, Odunsi K, Old LJ, Gnjatic S. Heat shock protein 90-mediated peptide-selective presentation of cytosolic tumor antigen for direct recognition of tumors by CD4(+) T cells. J Immunol 2012; 188:3851-8. [PMID: 22427632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells play important functions in tumor immunosurveillance, and in certain cases they can directly recognize HLA class II-expressing tumor cells. However, the underlying mechanism of intracellular Ag presentation to CD4(+) T cells by tumor cells has not yet been well characterized. We analyzed two naturally occurring human CD4(+) T cell lines specific for different peptides from cytosolic tumor Ag NY-ESO-1. Whereas both lines had the same HLA restriction and a similar ability to recognize exogenous NY-ESO-1 protein, only one CD4(+) T cell line recognized NY-ESO-1(+) HLA class II-expressing melanoma cells. Modulation of Ag processing in melanoma cells using specific molecular inhibitors and small interfering RNA revealed a previously undescribed peptide-selective Ag-presentation pathway by HLA class II(+) melanoma cells. The presentation required both proteasome and endosomal protease-dependent processing mechanisms, as well as cytosolic heat shock protein 90-mediated chaperoning. Such tumor-specific pathway of endogenous HLA class II Ag presentation is expected to play an important role in immunosurveillance or immunosuppression mediated by various subsets of CD4(+) T cells at the tumor local site. Furthermore, targeted activation of tumor-recognizing CD4(+) T cells by vaccination or adoptive transfer could be a suitable strategy for enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Tsuji
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Stelter L, Evans MJ, Jungbluth AA, Zanzonico P, Ritter G, Ku T, Rosenfeld E, Bomalaski JS, Old L, Larson SM. Novel mechanistic insights into arginine deiminase pharmacology suggest 18F-FDG is not suitable to evaluate clinical response in melanoma. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:281-6. [PMID: 22228793 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.092973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because of deficiencies in l-arginine biosynthesis, some cancers are susceptible to therapeutic intervention with arginine deiminase (ADI), an enzyme responsible for consuming the dietary supply of l-arginine to deprive the disease of an essential nutrient. ADI is currently being evaluated in several clinical trials, and fully realizing the drug's potential will depend on invoking the appropriate metrics to judge clinical response. Without a clear biologic mandate, PET/CT with (18)F-FDG is currently used to monitor patients treated with ADI. However, it is unclear if it can be expected that (18)F-FDG responses will indicate (or predict) clinical benefit. METHODS (18)F-FDG responses to ADI therapy were studied in preclinical models of melanoma in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanism of response to ADI therapy was also studied, with a particular emphasis on biologic pathways known to regulate (18)F-FDG avidity. RESULTS Although proliferation of SK-MEL 28 was potently inhibited by ADI treatment in vitro and in vivo, no clear declines in (18)F-FDG uptake were observed. Further investigation showed that ADI treatment induces the posttranslational degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog and the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, an event known to enhance glycolysis and (18)F-FDG avidity. A more thorough mechanistic study showed that ADI triggered a complex mechanism of cell death, involving apoptosis via poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage-independent of caspase 3. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that some unexpected pharmacologic properties of ADI preclude using (18)F-FDG to evaluate clinical response in melanoma and, more generally, argue for further studies to explore the use of PET tracers that target apoptotic pathway activation or cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Stelter
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Fox BA, Schendel DJ, Butterfield LH, Aamdal S, Allison JP, Ascierto PA, Atkins MB, Bartunkova J, Bergmann L, Berinstein N, Bonorino CC, Borden E, Bramson JL, Britten CM, Cao X, Carson WE, Chang AE, Characiejus D, Choudhury AR, Coukos G, de Gruijl T, Dillman RO, Dolstra H, Dranoff G, Durrant LG, Finke JH, Galon J, Gollob JA, Gouttefangeas C, Grizzi F, Guida M, Håkansson L, Hege K, Herberman RB, Hodi FS, Hoos A, Huber C, Hwu P, Imai K, Jaffee EM, Janetzki S, June CH, Kalinski P, Kaufman HL, Kawakami K, Kawakami Y, Keilholtz U, Khleif SN, Kiessling R, Kotlan B, Kroemer G, Lapointe R, Levitsky HI, Lotze MT, Maccalli C, Maio M, Marschner JP, Mastrangelo MJ, Masucci G, Melero I, Melief C, Murphy WJ, Nelson B, Nicolini A, Nishimura MI, Odunsi K, Ohashi PS, O'Donnell-Tormey J, Old LJ, Ottensmeier C, Papamichail M, Parmiani G, Pawelec G, Proietti E, Qin S, Rees R, Ribas A, Ridolfi R, Ritter G, Rivoltini L, Romero PJ, Salem ML, Scheper RJ, Seliger B, Sharma P, Shiku H, Singh-Jasuja H, Song W, Straten PT, Tahara H, Tian Z, van Der Burg SH, von Hoegen P, Wang E, Welters MJP, Winter H, Withington T, Wolchok JD, Xiao W, Zitvogel L, Zwierzina H, Marincola FM, Gajewski TF, Wigginton JM, Disis ML. Defining the critical hurdles in cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2011; 9:214. [PMID: 22168571 PMCID: PMC3338100 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific discoveries that provide strong evidence of antitumor effects in preclinical models often encounter significant delays before being tested in patients with cancer. While some of these delays have a scientific basis, others do not. We need to do better. Innovative strategies need to move into early stage clinical trials as quickly as it is safe, and if successful, these therapies should efficiently obtain regulatory approval and widespread clinical application. In late 2009 and 2010 the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), convened an "Immunotherapy Summit" with representatives from immunotherapy organizations representing Europe, Japan, China and North America to discuss collaborations to improve development and delivery of cancer immunotherapy. One of the concepts raised by SITC and defined as critical by all parties was the need to identify hurdles that impede effective translation of cancer immunotherapy. With consensus on these hurdles, international working groups could be developed to make recommendations vetted by the participating organizations. These recommendations could then be considered by regulatory bodies, governmental and private funding agencies, pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions to facilitate changes necessary to accelerate clinical translation of novel immune-based cancer therapies. The critical hurdles identified by representatives of the collaborating organizations, now organized as the World Immunotherapy Council, are presented and discussed in this report. Some of the identified hurdles impede all investigators; others hinder investigators only in certain regions or institutions or are more relevant to specific types of immunotherapy or first-in-humans studies. Each of these hurdles can significantly delay clinical translation of promising advances in immunotherapy yet if overcome, have the potential to improve outcomes of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Research Center, Providence Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dolores J Schendel
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Clinical Cooperation Group "Immune Monitoring", Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steinar Aamdal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - James P Allison
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Medical Oncology and Innovative Therapy, Instituto Nazionale Tumori-Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - Michael B Atkins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Institute of Immunology, FOCIS Center of Excellence, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lothar Bergmann
- Goethe Universität Frankfurt Am Main,Medizinische Klinik II, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | | | - Cristina C Bonorino
- Instituto Nacional para o Controle do Câncer, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, PUCRS Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Ernest Borden
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Cedrik M Britten
- University Medical Center Mainz, III. Medical Department, Mainz, Germany
- Ribological GmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Immunology, National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - George Coukos
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, A, USA
| | - Tanja de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert O Dillman
- Hoag Institute for Research and Education, Hoag Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindy G Durrant
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James H Finke
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jerome Galon
- INSERM U872, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | | | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Leif Håkansson
- University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
- CanImGuide Therapeutics AB, Hoellviken, Sweden
| | - Kristen Hege
- University of California, San Francisco, CA and Celgene Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Axel Hoos
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christoph Huber
- Translational Oncology & Immunology Centre TRON at the Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Carl H June
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Rush University Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Koji Kawakami
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ulrich Keilholtz
- Dept. of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrix Kotlan
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, Center of Surgical and Molecular Tumor pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U848, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rejean Lapointe
- Research Center, University Hospital, Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de, Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hyam I Levitsky
- School of Medicine, Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Foundation San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University, Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Immunology, CIMA, CUN and Medical School University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cornelius Melief
- Deptartment of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - William J Murphy
- University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brad Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Santa Chiara Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Oncology Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pamela S Ohashi
- Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lloyd J Old
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgio Parmiani
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Shukui Qin
- Chinese PLA Cancer Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert Rees
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ruggero Ridolfi
- Immunoterapia e Terapia Cellulare Somatica, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (I.R.S.T.), Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, IRCCS Foundation, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro J Romero
- Division of Clinical Onco-Immunology, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of the University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Rik J Scheper
- Dept. of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Cancer Vaccine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
- Department of Immuno-gene Therapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Wenru Song
- Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Per Thor Straten
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sjoerd H van Der Burg
- Experimental Cancer Immunology and Therapy, Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marij JP Welters
- Experimental Cancer Immunology and Therapy, Department of Clinical Oncology (K1-P), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Winter
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Institute of Immunology, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Center of Clinical Investigations CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Heinz Zwierzina
- Department Haematology and Oncology Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Human Immunology (CHI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jon M Wigginton
- Discovery Medicine-Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mary L Disis
- Tumor Vaccine Group, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Ritter E, Miliotto A, Ritter G, Odunsi K, Old LJ, Gnjatic S. Split T cell tolerance against a self/tumor antigen: spontaneous CD4+ but not CD8+ T cell responses against p53 in cancer patients and healthy donors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23651. [PMID: 21858191 PMCID: PMC3155555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of NY-ESO-1-specific spontaneous immune responses in cancer patients revealed that antibody and both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were induced together in cancer patients. To explore whether such integrated immune responses are also spontaneously induced for other tumor antigens, we have evaluated antibody and T cell responses against self/tumor antigen p53 in ovarian cancer patients and healthy individuals. We found that 21% (64/298) of ovarian cancer patients but no healthy donors showed specific IgG responses against wild-type p53 protein. While none of 12 patients with high titer p53 antibody showed spontaneous p53-specific CD8+ T cell responses following a single in vitro sensitization, significant p53-specific IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells were detected in 6 patients. Surprisingly, similar levels of p53-specific CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells were also detected in 5/10 seronegative cancer patients and 9/12 healthy donors. Importantly, p53-specific CD4+ T cells in healthy donors originated from a CD45RA− antigen-experienced T cell population and recognized naturally processed wild-type p53 protein. These results raise the possibility that p53-specific CD4+ T cells reflect abnormalities in p53 occurring in normal individuals and that they may play a role in processes of immunosurveillance or immunoregulation of p53-related neoplastic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemasa Tsuji
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Erika Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anthony Miliotto
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Gerd Ritter
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lloyd J. Old
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., New York Branch at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Nissan A, Stojadinovic A, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Halle D, Grinbaum R, Roistacher M, Bochem A, Dayanc BE, Ritter G, Gomceli I, Bostanci EB, Akoglu M, Chen YT, Old LJ, Gure AO. Colon cancer associated transcript-1: a novel RNA expressed in malignant and pre-malignant human tissues. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1598-606. [PMID: 21547902 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently based on fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and colonoscopy, both which can significantly reduce CRC-related mortality. However, FOBT has low-sensitivity and specificity, whereas colonoscopy is labor- and cost-intensive. Therefore, the discovery of novel biomarkers that can be used for improved CRC screening, diagnosis, staging and as targets for novel therapies is of utmost importance. To identify novel CRC biomarkers we utilized representational difference analysis (RDA) and characterized a colon cancer associated transcript (CCAT1), demonstrating consistently strong expression in adenocarcinoma of the colon, while being largely undetectable in normal human tissues (p < 000.1). CCAT1 levels in CRC are on average 235-fold higher than those found in normal mucosa. Importantly, CCAT1 is strongly expressed in tissues representing the early phase of tumorigenesis: in adenomatous polyps and in tumor-proximal colonic epithelium, as well as in later stages of the disease (liver metastasis, for example). In CRC-associated lymph nodes, CCAT1 overexpression is detectable in all H&E positive, and 40.0% of H&E and immunohistochemistry negative lymph nodes, suggesting very high sensitivity. CCAT1 is also overexpressed in 40.0% of peripheral blood samples of patients with CRC but not in healthy controls. CCAT1 is therefore a highly specific and readily detectable marker for CRC and tumor-associated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviram Nissan
- The Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Carrasquillo JA, Pandit-Taskar N, O'Donoghue JA, Humm JL, Zanzonico P, Smith-Jones PM, Divgi CR, Pryma DA, Ruan S, Kemeny NE, Fong Y, Wong D, Jaggi JS, Scheinberg DA, Gonen M, Panageas KS, Ritter G, Jungbluth AA, Old LJ, Larson SM. (124)I-huA33 antibody PET of colorectal cancer. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1173-80. [PMID: 21764796 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.086165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Humanized A33 (huA33) is a promising monoclonal antibody that recognizes A33 antigen, which is present in more than 95% of colorectal cancers and in normal bowel. In this study, we took advantage of quantitative PET to evaluate (124)I huA33 targeting, biodistribution, and safety in patients with colorectal cancer. We also determined the biodistribution of (124)I-huA33 when a large dose of human intravenous IgG (IVIG) was administered to manipulate the Fc receptor or when (124)I-huA33 was given via hepatic arterial infusion (HAI). METHODS We studied 25 patients with primary or metastatic colorectal cancer; 19 patients had surgical exploration or resection. Patients received a median of 343 MBq (44.4-396 MBq) and 10 mg of (124)I-huA33. Nineteen patients received the antibody intravenously and 6 patients via HAI, and 5 patients also received IVIG. RESULTS Ten of 12 primary tumors were visualized in 11 patients. The median concentration in primary colon tumors was 0.016% injected dose per gram, compared with 0.004% in normal colon. The PET-based median ratio of hepatic tumor uptake to normal-liver uptake was 3.9 (range, 1.8-22.2). Quantitation using PET, compared with well counting of serum and tissue, showed little difference. Prominent uptake in bowel hindered tumor identification in some patients. Pharmacokinetics showed that patients receiving IVIG had a significantly shorter serum half-time (41.6 ± 14.0 h) than those without (65.2 ± 9.8 h). There were no differences in clearance rates among the intravenous group, IVIG group, and HAI group, nor was there any difference in serum area under the curve, maximum serum concentration, or volume of distribution. Weak titers of human-antihuman antibodies were observed in 6 of 25 patients. No acute side effects or significant toxicities were associated with huA33. CONCLUSION Good localization of (124)I-huA33 in colorectal cancer with no significant toxicity has been observed. PET-derived (124)I concentrations agreed well with those obtained by well counting of surgically resected tissue and blood, confirming the quantitative accuracy of (124)I-huA33 PET. The HAI route had no advantage over the intravenous route. No clinically significant changes in blood clearance were induced by IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Carrasquillo
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Kawada J, Wada H, Isobe M, Gnjatic S, Nishikawa H, Jungbluth AA, Okazaki N, Uenaka A, Nakamura Y, Fujiwara S, Mizuno N, Saika T, Ritter E, Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Ritter G, Murphy R, Venhaus R, Pan L, Old LJ, Doki Y, Nakayama E. Heteroclitic serological response in esophageal and prostate cancer patients after NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:584-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Treder M, Gupta A, Noguchi T, Esslinger C, Wittenbrink M, Moch H, von Boehmer L, Kelly M, Ritter G, Old L, van den Broek M, Nishikawa H, Knuth A. Abstract 4741: Therapeutic efficacy of a human-derived antibody against cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale: It is accepted that the immune system can control cancer and a favorable clinical course correlates with high infiltration by CD8+ T cells in different cancer entities. Thus, boosting cancer-specific immunity is an interesting therapeutic modality. Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) are promising target antigens due to their tumor-restricted expression pattern and high immunogenicity. NY-ESO-1 is one of the best characterized CTA, and spontaneous anti-NY-ESO-1 humoral and cellular responses were described in patients with various cancers. We propose that antibodies (Abs) against intracellular CTA have therapeutic potential because they may facilitate the uptake and presentation of antigens by dendritic cells (DC), which supports cancer-specific T cell responses. This effect may be more pronounced when Abs are used in combination with therapies that result in death, and thus antigen release, of cancer cells. We report here the characterization of the first human anti-NY-ESO-1 monoclonal Ab.
Methods: Human-derived monoclonal Ab 12D7 was obtained by molecular cloning from memory B cells of a melanoma patient, ZH-311. To characterize the binding of 12D7 we performed ELISA, Biacore analysis and tissue staining. In addition, we used 12D7 to immunoprecipitate native NY-ESO-1 from human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-37. As a proof of concept, we compared the activation of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell clones by DC fed with NY-ESO-1 vs. NY-ESO-1/12D7 immune complexes (IC) in vitro. To determine the therapeutic effect in vivo, we treated BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic CT26/NY-ESO-1 colorectal tumors with 5-FU +/- 12D7. To investigate Ab accumulation in established tumors 12D7 was labeled with FITC and injected into mice 2 days after 5-FU treatment.
Results: Human monoclonal 12D7 specifically bound to NY-ESO-1 with high affinity (pM range) and precipitated endogenous NY-ESO-1 from SK-MEL-37. The uptake and cross-presentation of NY-ESO-1 by DC was greatly enhanced when NY-ESO-1 was complexed with 12D7 before feeding. Importantly, uptake of NY-ESO-1/12D7 IC, but not NY-ESO-1, resulted in maturation of DCs as determined by upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules. Finally, 12D7 significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU treatment in established CT26/NY-ESO-1 tumors. Ab accumulation in CT26/NY-ESO-1 tumors was enhanced when mice were treated with 5-FU as compared with untreated mice.
Conclusion: We propose that the release of intracellular tumor antigens by chemotherapy and the accumulation of Ab to such antigens results in the local formation of IC. These IC are efficiently cross-presented to tumor-specific CD8+ T cells by DCs and may induce in situ maturation of the latter, both of which support tumor-specific effector function and thus contributes to tumor control. Our results suggest that targeting intracellular antigens, more specifically CTA, with Abs is a useful strategy for cancer treatment.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4741. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4741
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anurag Gupta
- 2Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takuro Noguchi
- 3Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Holger Moch
- 4Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lotta von Boehmer
- 2Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Kelly
- 3Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Gerd Ritter
- 3Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lloyd Old
- 3Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- 5Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Alexander Knuth
- 2Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Murri-Plesko MT, Hulikova A, Oosterwijk E, Scott AM, Zortea A, Harris AL, Ritter G, Old L, Bauer S, Swietach P, Renner C. Antibody inhibiting enzymatic activity of tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform IX. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 657:173-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lowe AJ, Bardliving CL, Huang CJ, Teixeira LM, Damasceno LM, Anderson KA, Ritter G, Old LJ, Batt CA. Expression and purification of cGMP grade NY-ESO-1 for clinical trials. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:435-41. [PMID: 21365782 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 is a cancer testis antigen expressed in numerous cancers. Initial tests have shown its efficacy as a cancer vaccine, stimulating the body's own immune response against the invading tumor. To produce enough material for phase I clinical trials, a process using current good manufacturing practices to produce clinical grade material was developed and executed. His-tagged NY-ESO-1 was expressed in C41DE3 Escherichia coli under control of the T-7 promoter. NY-ESO-1 was produced in a 20 L fed-batch fermentation utilizing a pH-stat control scheme. The protein was then purified from inclusion bodies using a three-column process that achieved a yield of over 3.4 g and endotoxin below the detection limit of 0.005 EU/μg protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Lowe
- Graduate Field of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Shah K, Ritter G, Gupta R, Knobel D, Kohn N, Marini C, Barrera R. Comparison Of APACHE I, APACHE III, SAPS And MODS Scores In Predicting Mortality In The Surgical Intensive Care Unit. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karbach J, Neumann A, Atmaca A, Wahle C, Brand K, von Boehmer L, Knuth A, Bender A, Ritter G, Old LJ, Jäger E. Efficient in vivo priming by vaccination with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein and CpG in antigen naive prostate cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 17:861-70. [PMID: 21163871 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE NY-ESO-1, one of the most immunogenic tumor antigens, is expressed in 15% to 25% of metastatic prostate cancers. The immunological and clinical effects of vaccination with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein combined with CpG as adjuvant were evaluated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a phase I clinical study, patients with advanced prostate cancer were vaccinated with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein (100 μg) mixed with CpG 7909 (2.5 mg) every 3 weeks intradermally for 4 doses. Objectives of the study were the safety of the vaccine and changes of specific humoral and cellular immunological responses to NY-ESO-1 in relation to detectable NY-ESO-1 expression in the individual tumor. RESULTS All 12 baseline sero-negative patients developed high-titer NY-ESO-1 antibody responses. B-cell epitope mapping identified NY-ESO-1 p91-110 to be recognized most frequently by vaccine-induced antibodies. Two patients developed significant antibody titers against the adjuvant CpG. NY-ESO-1-specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell responses were induced in 9 patients (69%). Five of these 9 patients did not express NY-ESO-1 in the autologous tumor. Postvaccine CD8+ T-cell clones recognized and lyzed HLA-matched tumor cell lines in an antigen-specific manner. CONCLUSION Our data provide clear evidence for the capacity of NY-ESO-1 protein/CpG vaccine to induce integrated antigen-specific immune responses in vivo and to efficiently prime CD8+ T-cell responses in NY-ESO-1 antigen-negative patients. Our results may also support further clinical vaccination protocols with NY-ESO-1 protein not only focused on the treatment of existing cancer, but also to prevent further development of NY-ESO-1 positive cancers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karbach
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie - Onkologie, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
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Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Kelly MP, Ramakrishna V, Vitale L, He LZ, Keler T, Odunsi K, Old LJ, Ritter G, Gnjatic S. Antibody-Targeted NY-ESO-1 to Mannose Receptor or DEC-205 In Vitro Elicits Dual Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Cell Responses with Broad Antigen Specificity. J I 2010; 186:1218-27. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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