1
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El-Hussieny M, Abd-El-Maksoud MA, Soliman FM, Fouad MA, El-Ashrey MK. Dual-target ligand discovery for Alzheimer's disease: triphenylphosphoranylidene derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2166040. [PMID: 36695002 PMCID: PMC9879200 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2166040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases that could not be prevented or completely cured and may lead to death. Here, we target AChE and β-amyloid proteins. Synthesising new triphenylphosphporanylidene derivatives based on the surveyed literature and testing their biological activity revealed promising results especially for the acetyl triphenylphosphoranylidene derivative 8c, which showed good inhibitor activity against AChE enzyme with IC50 in the nanomolar range (97.04 nM); on the other hand, it showed poor selectivity for AChE versus butyrylcholinesterase but with some futural structural modification, this selectivity can be improved. 8c showed MMP-2 IC50 of 724.19 nM and Aβ1-42 aggregation IC50 of 302.36 nM. A kinetic study demonstrated that compound 8c uncompetitively inhibited AChE. Moreover, derivative 8c showed low cytotoxicity, good in vivo behavioural studies including Y-maze and passive avoidance tests with activity similar to that of donepezil. Finally, in silico studies for 8c predict its good penetration into BBB and good binding affinity in the AChE binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El-Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt,Marwa El-Hussieny , Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Fouad M. Soliman
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,CONTACT Mohamed K. El-Ashrey Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, P.O. 11562, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Sofi FA, Tabassum N. Natural product inspired leads in the discovery of anticancer agents: an update. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8605-8628. [PMID: 36255181 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2134212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have emerged as major leads for the discovery and development of new anti-cancer drugs. The plant-derived anti-cancer drugs account for approximately 60% and the quest for new anti-cancer agents is in progress. Anti-cancer leads have been isolated from plants, animals, marine organisms, and microorganisms from time immemorial. The process of semisynthetic modifications of the parent lead has led to the generation of new anti-cancer agents with improved therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects. The various chemo-informatics tools, bioinformatics, high-throughput screening, and combinatorial synthesis are able to deliver the new natural product lead molecules. Plant-derived anticancer agents in either late preclinical development or early clinical trials include taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, topotecan, irinotecan, etoposide, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. Similarly, anti-cancer agents from microbial sources include dactinomycin, bleomycin, mitomycin C, and doxorubicin. In this review, we highlighted the importance of natural products leads in the discovery and development of novel anti-cancer agents. The semisynthetic modifications of the parent lead to the new anti-cancer agent are also presented. Further, the leads in the preclinical settings with the potential to become effective anticancer agents are also reviewed.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdoos Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Nahida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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3
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El‐Hussieny M, Mansour ST, Hashem AI, Fouad MA, Abd‐El‐Maksoud MA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new heterocycles bearing both silicon and phosphorus as potent
MMP
‐2 inhibitors. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa El‐Hussieny
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Shaimaa T. Mansour
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Hashem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Giza Egypt
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4
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Zhou S, Tu X, He Y, Gao L, Song ZL. Ring rearrangement of 1,3‐azasilinyl‐4‐epoxides to synthesize 2silamorpolines by a Si‐C bond migration/oxidation process. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhou
- Sichuan University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Xiaoyu Tu
- Sichuan University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | | | - Lu Gao
- Sichuan University School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Zhen Lei Song
- Sichuan University West China School of Pharmacy Renmin Sout Road, 3rd Section, 17# 610041 Chengdu CHINA
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5
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Zhou M, Liu J, Deng R, Wang Q, Wu S, Zheng P, Chi YR. Construction of Tetrasubstituted Silicon-Stereogenic Silanes via Conformational Isomerization and N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mali Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianjian Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rui Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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6
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Wang D, Gao L, Su Z, Song Z. Ring Expansion of Silacyclobutanes with Allenoates to Selectively Construct 2- or 3-( E)-Enoate-Substituted Silacyclohexenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yulang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Duyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Guo J, Liu S, Pang Q, Zhang H, Gao L, Chen L, Song Z. Synthesis of Silacyclohexanones from Divinylsilanes and Allylamines by a Rh-Catalyzed Cyclization. Org Lett 2021; 24:726-730. [PMID: 34967629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of silacyclohexanones bearing a variety of silyl substituents has been developed by a [Rh(coe)2Cl]2/PCy3-catalyzed cyclization of divinylsilanes with Jun's allylamine. The silacyclohexanones can be oxidized with DDQ to give the corresponding silacyclohexadienones, which are further transformed into silicon analog of 2-deoxystreptamine or exo-alkylidenesilacyclohexadienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinjiao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy and Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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8
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Wang W, Zhou S, Li L, He Y, Dong X, Gao L, Wang Q, Song Z. 3-Silaazetidine: An Unexplored yet Versatile Organosilane Species for Ring Expansion toward Silaazacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11141-11151. [PMID: 34279908 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-ring silacycles are important organosilane species in main-group chemistry and have found numerous applications in organic synthesis. 3-Silaazetidine, a unique small silacycle bearing silicon and nitrogen atoms, has not been adequately explored due to the lack of a general synthetic scheme and its sensitivity to air. Here, we describe that 3-silaazetidine can be easily prepared in situ from diverse air-stable precursors (RSO2NHCH2SiR12CH2Cl). 3-Silaazetidine shows excellent functional group tolerance in a palladium-catalyzed ring expansion reaction with terminal alkynes, giving 3-silatetrahydropyridines and diverse silaazacycle derivatives, which are promising ring frameworks for the discovery of Si-containing functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhang He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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9
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Dong X, Yuan X, Song Z, Wang Q. The development of an Amber-compatible organosilane force field for drug-like small molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12582-12591. [PMID: 34037028 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As members of the group IVA elements, silicon and carbon have long been thought of as isosteres of each other in drug design. However, the lack of silicon parameters in current main stream force fields hinders the computational study of this important element in drug discovery. Thus, in this study, we attempted to supplement the parameters of organosilanes in the General Amber Force Field (GAFF2). The parameters have been designed following the principles of GAFF2 to make it compatible with the Amber force field family. The accuracy of the parameters was discussed by comparing the pair interaction energy, the liquid properties, and the structures and alchemical binding free energy differences for a set of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xinghang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Qiantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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10
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Luo G, Chen L, Li Y, Fan Y, Wang D, Yang Y, Gao L, Jiang R, Song Z. Asymmetric total synthesis and antidepressant activity of (−)-sila-mesembranol bearing a silicon stereocenter. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric total synthesis of (−)-sila-mesembranol, the silicon analog of the natural alkaloid (−)-mesembranol has been achieved in 3.3% yield over 11 steps. The synthetic (−)-sila-mesembranol in mice exhibits better antidepressant effects than its carbon counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingmin Chen
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Duyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruotian Jiang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610000, China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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11
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Multi-targeted anti-leukemic drug design with the incorporation of silicon into Nelarabine: How silicon increases bioactivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:266-273. [PMID: 31028821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) represents 30% of all childhood cancers and children younger than 5 years old have the highest risk for developing ALL. Existing ALL drugs do not respond in approximately 20% of treatment. Therefore, drug development studies against ALL must be continued with either developing existing drugs or discovering new ones. In this study, we evaluated the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ALL drugs according to their physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties, and Nelarabine was found to have the highest bioactivity score. Using the key strategy of bioisosterism commonly accepted by medicinal chemists, we investigated in silico ADME properties, drug-likeness, and biological activity of new designed twenty-four compounds including Nelarabine. The results were evaluated in terms of two classifications: broad spectrum biological activity and filtering of five different drug likeness criteria of the literature including Lipinski's rule of five. We interestingly observed that silicon incorporated compounds exhibited better performance on both criteria by targeting broader spectrum of drug receptors including G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), ion channel modulator, kinase inhibitor, protease and enzyme inhibitor and by satisfying all of five different drug-likeness criteria reported in the literature. Design compound C19 appeared as a potential drug candidate for further pharmacological research.
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12
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Cinelli MA. Topoisomerase 1B poisons: Over a half-century of drug leads, clinical candidates, and serendipitous discoveries. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1294-1337. [PMID: 30456874 DOI: 10.1002/med.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are DNA processing enzymes that relieve supercoiling (torsional strain) in DNA, are necessary for normal cellular division, and act by nicking (and then religating) DNA strands. Type 1B topoisomerase (Top1) is overexpressed in certain tumors, and the enzyme has been extensively investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy. Various chemical agents can act as "poisons" of the enzyme's religation step, leading to Top1-DNA lesions, DNA breakage, and eventual cellular death. In this review, agents that poison Top1 (and have thus been investigated for their anticancer properties) are surveyed, including natural products (such as camptothecins and indolocarbazoles), semisynthetic camptothecin and luotonin derivatives, and synthetic compounds (such as benzonaphthyridines, aromathecins, and indenoisoquinolines), as well as targeted therapies and conjugates. Top1 has also been investigated as a therapeutic target in certain viral and parasitic infections, as well as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders, and a summary of literature describing alternative indications is also provided. This review should provide both a reference for the medicinal chemist and potentially offer clues to aid in the development of new Top1 poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A Cinelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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13
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Lazareva NF, Baryshok VP, Lazarev IM. Silicon-containing analogs of camptothecin as anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 351. [PMID: 29239010 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The plant pentacyclic alkaloid camptothecin and its structural analogs were extensively studied. These compounds are interesting due to the antitumor activity associated with their ability to inhibit topoisomerase I in tumor cells. During the last decades of the 20th century, a large number of the silicon-containing camptothecins (silatecans) were synthesized. 7-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (DB-67 or AR-67) has enhanced lipophilicity and demonstrates a antitumor activity superior to its carbon analog. To date, certain silatecans are under clinical trials and their ultimate role in cancer therapy appears promising. In this review, we present chemical methodologies for the synthesis of silicon-containing camptothecins, their chemical properties, biological activity, and results of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya F Lazareva
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor P Baryshok
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor M Lazarev
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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14
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Ramesh R, Reddy DS. Quest for Novel Chemical Entities through Incorporation of Silicon in Drug Scaffolds. J Med Chem 2017; 61:3779-3798. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remya Ramesh
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - D. Srinivasa Reddy
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025, India
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15
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Mousazadeh H, Milani M, Zarghami N, Alizadeh E, Safa KD. Study of the Cytotoxic and Bactericidal Effects of Sila-substituted Thioalkyne and Mercapto-thione Compounds based on 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:390-399. [PMID: 28613449 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of sila-organosulphur compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole cores were screened for their cytotoxic activity on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Most of the tested compounds exhibited moderate-to-good activity against the cancer cells. Especially, the compound 4-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynylthio)methyl)-1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (3a) from series of sila-substituted thioalkyne 1,2,3-triazoles (STATs) and the compounds 3-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-mercapto-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)propane-2-thione (4a) and 1-mercapto-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-(1-phenethyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)propane-2-thione (4e) from series of sila-substituted mercapto-thione 1,2,3-triazoles (SMTTs) exhibited promising cytotoxicity against MCF-7 with IC50 values of 35.17, 32.63 and 30.3 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the possible mechanisms for inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptotic cell death were explored by DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis and qRT-PCR. The synthetic compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities, and as a result, the most prominent effects were observed for 3e and 4e. Especially, 3e was found to be quite active against all the tested strains with the MIC values ranging from 15 to 62 μg/mL, except P. aeruginosa. The results of the time-kill assay suggested that the compound of 3e completely inhibited the growth of both gram-negative bacteria, A. baumannii, and gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus. In addition, SEM analysis confirmed morphostructural damage of the bacteria. Our findings could be applicable for developing dual-targeting anticancer/antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mousazadeh
- Organosilicon Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem D Safa
- Organosilicon Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Musiol R. An overview of quinoline as a privileged scaffold in cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:583-597. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1319357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Application of silyl functionalities is one of the most promising strategies among various ‘elements chemistry’ approaches for the development of novel and distinctive drug candidates. Replacement of one or more carbon atoms of various biologically active compounds with silicon (so-called sila-substitution) has been intensively studied for decades, and is often effective for alteration of activity profile and improvement of metabolic profile. In addition to simple C/Si exchange, several novel approaches for utilizing silicon in medicinal chemistry have been suggested in recent years, focusing on the intrinsic differences between silicon and carbon. Sila-substitution offers great potential for enlarging the chemical space of medicinal chemistry, and provides many options for structural development of drug candidates.
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Lo Re D, Jones L, Giralt E, Murphy P. Synthesis of an Orthogonally Protected Polyhydroxylated Cyclopentene from l-Sorbose. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2035-40. [PMID: 27304425 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of l-sorbose in the synthesis of functionalized cyclopentene derivatives was accomplished. These cyclopentene derivatives are related to those found in naturally occurring jatrophane frameworks and in other bioactive compounds. The formation of allyl α-l-sorbopyranoside was a key synthetic step. Regioselective introduction of protecting groups was followed by the hydrolysis of the allyl glycoside to furnish a fully protected acyclic l-sorbose derivative. This acyclic intermediate was subsequently used to give an orthogonally protected polyhydroxylated cyclopentene, which has potential for further synthesis of bioactive compounds. The protected cyclopentene itself showed a clear cytotoxic activity when tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines (HT29, LS174T, SW620, A549, and HeLa cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lo Re
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Leigh Jones
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Paul Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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20
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Design and synthesis of novel ROR inverse agonists with a dibenzosilole scaffold as a hydrophobic core structure. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2982-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Yao S, Petluru P, Parker A, Ding D, Chen X, Huang Q, Kochat H, Hausheer F. Stabilization of the Karenitecin ® lactone by alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:719-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Khazir J, Riley DL, Pilcher LA, De-Maayer P, Mir BA. Anticancer Agents from Diverse Natural Sources. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review attempts to portray the discovery and development of anticancer agents/drugs from diverse natural sources. Natural molecules from these natural sources including plants, microbes and marine organisms have been the basis of treatment of human diseases since the ancient times. Compounds derived from nature have been important sources of new drugs and also serve as templates for synthetic modification. Many successful anti-cancer drugs currently in use are naturally derived or their analogues and many more are under clinical trials. This review aims to highlight the invaluable role that natural products have played, and continue to play, in the discovery of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeena Khazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Darren L. Riley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Lynne A. Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Pieter De-Maayer
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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23
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Venditto VJ, Szoka FC. Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs! Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:80-8. [PMID: 23036224 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review identifies a timeline to nanomedicine anticancer drug approval using the business model of inventors, innovators and imitators. By evaluating the publication record of nanomedicine cancer therapeutics we identified a trend of very few publications prior to FDA approval. We first enumerated the publications related to cancer involving polymers, liposomes or monoclonal antibodies and determined the number of citations per publication as well as the number of published clinical trials among the publications. Combining these data with the development of specific nanomedicines, we are able to identify an invention phase consisting of seminal papers in basic science necessary for the development of a specific nanomedicine. The innovation phase includes the first report, the development and the clinical trials involving that nanomedicine. Finally, the imitation phase begins after approval when others ride the wave of success by using the same formulation for new drugs or using the same drug to validate other nanomedicines. We then focused our analysis on nanomedicines containing camptothecin derivatives, which are not yet approved including two polymers considered innovations and one liposomal formulation in the imitation phase. The conclusion that may be drawn from the analysis of the camptothecins is that approved drugs reformulated in polymeric and liposomal cancer nanomedicines have a more difficult time navigating through the approval process than the parent molecule. This is probably due to the fact that for most currently approved drugs, reformulating them in a nanocarrier provides a small increase in performance that large pharmaceutical companies do not consider being worth the time, effort and expense of development. It also appears that drug carriers have a more difficult path through the clinic than monoclonal antibodies. The added complexity of nanocarriers also deters their use to deliver new molecular entities. Thus, the new drug candidates that might be most improved by drug delivery in nanocarriers are not formulated in this fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0912, USA
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Li Y, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Guzgay H, Hendricks DT, Naran K, Mizrahi V, Warner DF, Chibale K, Smith GS. Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Silicon-Containing Aminoquinoline Organometallic Complexes As Antiplasmodial, Antitumor, and Antimycobacterial Agents. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300945c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Carmen de Kock
- Division of Pharmacology, Department
of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45,
OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Peter J. Smith
- Division of Pharmacology, Department
of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45,
OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Hajira Guzgay
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department
of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Denver T. Hendricks
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department
of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research
Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Fujii S, Miyajima Y, Masuno H, Kagechika H. Increased Hydrophobicity and Estrogenic Activity of Simple Phenols with Silicon and Germanium-Containing Substituents. J Med Chem 2012; 56:160-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3013757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Fujii
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yu Miyajima
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Masuno
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials
and Bioengineering, Tokyo
Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese K. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California, United States
| | - Sean O. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis,
California, United States
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27
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Dinneswara Reddy G, Park SJ, Cho HM, Kim TJ, Lee ME. Antiallergic activity profile in vitro RBL-2H3 and in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model of new sila-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6438-44. [PMID: 22770426 DOI: 10.1021/jm300421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of sila-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles was synthesized and evaluated for antiallergic activity using RBL-2H3 as the in vitro model and the in vivo anaphylactic mouse model. We observed that compound 5c effectively suppressed DNP-HSA-induced mast cell degranulation, compared to carbon analogue 9, and also suppressed the expression of TNF-α mRNA and Akt phosphorylation in antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. We also studied the effect of 5c in an in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mouse model. The suppression by 5c was more effective than that by diphenylhydramine (DPH), a typical anti-histamine drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guda Dinneswara Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Research and Education Center for Advanced Silicon Materials, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
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Munster PN, Daud AI. Preclinical and clinical activity of the topoisomerase I inhibitor, karenitecin, in melanoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 20:1565-74. [PMID: 21985236 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.617740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review covers the preclinical and clinical activity of the novel camptothecin analog, karenitecin, in melanoma. AREAS COVERED While the camptothecins are widely used antitumor agents that inhibit topoisomerase I, their utility is limited by instability, high interpatient variability and the development of drug resistance. Karenitecin was rationally designed to overcome these limitations. The authors review the data on karenitecin in preclinical models and in clinical trials in melanoma using studies published in Medline and reports presented at AACR and ASCO. EXPERT OPINION Karenitecin shows activity in melanoma, both as a single agent and in combination. In adverse prognostic factor melanoma, karenitecin showed prolonged disease stabilization in 34% of patients. Because preclinical studies suggested a synergistic interaction between karenitecin and HDAC inhibitors, a schedule-specific combination Phase I-II trial of valproic acid and karenitecin was carried out in heavily pretreated melanoma patients which showed a benefit rate in 47% patients with acceptable toxicity. The treatment for melanoma is in rapid transition and genomic profiling is now an integral part, and hence the optimal use of karenitecin in melanoma should be re-evaluated with regard to specific mutational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela N Munster
- University of California, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA , USA.
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30
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Mishra BB, Tiwari VK. Natural products: An evolving role in future drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4769-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Venditto VJ, Simanek EE. Cancer therapies utilizing the camptothecins: a review of the in vivo literature. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:307-49. [PMID: 20108971 DOI: 10.1021/mp900243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the in vivo assessment-preliminary, preclinical, and clinical-of chemotherapeutics derived from camptothecin or a derivative. Camptothecin is a naturally occurring, pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid that possesses high cytotoxic activity in a variety of cell lines. Major limitations of the drug, including poor solubility and hydrolysis under physiological conditions, prevent full clinical utilization. Camptothecin remains at equilibrium in an active lactone form and inactive hydrolyzed carboxylate form. The active lactone binds to DNA topoisomerase I cleavage complex, believed to be the single site of activity. Binding inhibits DNA religation, resulting in apoptosis. A series of small molecule camptothecin derivatives have been developed that increase solubility, lactone stability and bioavailability to varying levels of success. A number of macromolecular agents have also been described wherein camptothecin(s) are covalently appended or noncovalently associated with the goal of improving solubility and lactone stability, while taking advantage of the tumor physiology to deliver larger doses of drug to the tumor with lower systemic toxicity. With the increasing interest in drug delivery and polymer therapeutics, additional constructs are anticipated. The goal of this review is to summarize the relevant literature for others interested in the field of camptothecin-based therapeutics, specifically in the context of biodistribution, dosing regimens, and pharmacokinetics with the desire of providing a useful source of comparative data. To this end, only constructs where in vivo data is available are reported. The review includes published reports in English through mid-2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Venditto
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Zhu AX, Ready N, Clark JW, Safran H, Amato A, Salem N, Pace S, He X, Zvereva N, Lynch TJ, Ryan DP, Supko JG. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of gimatecan given orally once a week for 3 of 4 weeks in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:374-81. [PMID: 19118068 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A phase I study was conducted to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of gimatecan, a lipophilic camptothecin analogue, administered orally once a week for 3 weeks. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Adult patients with advanced solid tumors with good performance status and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function were eligible for the study. The plasma pharmacokinetics of the drug was characterized during the initial 28-day cycle. RESULTS A total of 33 patients were evaluated at 7 dose levels ranging from 0.27 to 3.20 mg/m(2)/wk. Anemia, fatigue, neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting were the principal toxicities. DLTs experienced by 3 of 7 patients in dose level 7 (3.20 mg/m(2)) were grade 2 hyperbilirubinemia and grade 3 to 4 fatigue. DLT (anorexia and nausea) occurred in only 1 of 11 patients evaluated at the MTD of 2.40 mg/m(2). There were no objective responses, although disease stabilization was observed in 4 patients. Gimatecan has a very long apparent biological half-life (mean +/- SD, 77 +/- 37 h) and exists in plasma almost entirely as the pharmacologically active intact lactone form. At the MTD, mean peak concentrations of the drug in plasma ranged from 67 to 82 ng/mL for the 3 weekly doses and the mean concentration 7 days after dosing was 15 +/- 18 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Administration of gimatecan orally once a week at doses that are well tolerated provides continuous exposure to potentially effective plasma concentrations of the biologically active form of the drug. This regimen deserves further evaluation to define its antitumor activity in specific tumor types either alone or in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Daud AI, Dawson J, DeConti RC, Bicaku E, Marchion D, Bastien S, Hausheer FA, Lush R, Neuger A, Sullivan DM, Munster PN. Potentiation of a topoisomerase I inhibitor, karenitecin, by the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid in melanoma: translational and phase I/II clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:2479-87. [PMID: 19318485 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The novel topoisomerase I inhibitor karenitecin (KTN) shows activity against melanoma. We examined whether histone deacetylase inhibition could potentiate the DNA strand cleavage, cytotoxicity as well as the clinical toxicity, and efficacy of KTN in melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Apoptosis, COMET, and xenograft experiments were carried out as described previously. A phase I/II trial of valproic acid (VPA) and KTN was conducted in patients with stage IV melanoma, with any number of prior therapies, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. RESULTS VPA pretreatment potentiated KTN-induced apoptosis in multiple melanoma cell lines and in mouse A375 xenografts. VPA increased KTN-induced DNA strand breaks. In the phase I/II trial, 39 patients were entered, with 37 evaluable for toxicity and 33 evaluable for response. Somnolence was the dose-limiting toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose for VPA was 75 mg/kg/d; at maximum tolerated dose, serum VPA was approximately 200 microg/mL (1.28 mmol/L). At the dose expansion cohort, 47% (7 of 15) of patients had stable disease; median overall survival and time to progression were 32.8 and 10.2 weeks, respectively. Histone hyperacetylation was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at maximum tolerated dose. CONCLUSION VPA potentiates KTN-induced DNA strand breaks and cytotoxicity. VPA can be combined at 75 mg/kg/d for 5 days with full-dose KTN without overlapping toxicities. In metastatic poor prognosis melanoma, this combination is associated with disease stabilization in 47% of patients. Further testing of this combination appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil I Daud
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Moulder S, Valkov N, Neuger A, Choi J, Lee JH, Minton S, Munster P, Gump J, Lacevic M, Lush R, Sullivan D. Phase 2 study of gemcitabine and irinotecan in metastatic breast cancer with correlatives to determine topoisomerase I localization as a predictor of response. Cancer 2008; 113:2646-54. [PMID: 18823053 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine incorporation into DNA enhances cleavage complexes in vitro when combined with topoisomerase I inhibitors and demonstrates synergy in cancer cells when given with irinotecan. Topoisomerase I inhibitors require that topoisomerase I interacts with DNA to exert activity. METHODS Patients who had received previous anthracycline therapy or were not candidates for anthracycline therapy received gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes followed by irinotecan at a dose of 100 mg/m2 over 90 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was improvement in response from that historically observed with gemcitabine (from 25% to 45%) as measured by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Correlative studies included characterization of cellular levels and nuclear distribution of topoisomerase I and pharmacokinetic analysis of gemcitabine and irinotecan. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were assessed for response. The response rate was approximately 25% (all partial responses [PRs], 12 patients; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 13-39). Six patients had stable disease (SD) for > or =6 months for a clinical benefit rate (PR + SD) of 39%. The median time to disease progression was 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.5 months-4.6 months), and median survival was 11.6 months (95% CI, 8.9 months-15 months). Toxicities included neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting. Seven of 9 tissue biopsies were assessable for topoisomerase I. Tumors with the 2 lowest nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios demonstrated no response to irinotecan. CONCLUSIONS Gemcitabine and irinotecan are active in metastatic breast cancer, but response did not meet predetermined response parameters, and the null hypothesis was accepted. Topoisomerase I localization can be measured in metastatic breast cancer. Further validation is needed to determine whether this assay can predict response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Moulder
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Grossman SA, Carson KA, Phuphanich S, Batchelor T, Peereboom D, Nabors LB, Lesser G, Hausheer F, Supko JG. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of karenitecin in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:608-16. [PMID: 18577560 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Karenitecin is a highly lipophilic camptothecin analogue with a lactone ring that is relatively resistant to inactivating hydrolysis under physiologic conditions. This phase I clinical trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of karenitecin in adults with recurrent malignant glioma (MG), to describe the effects of enzyme-inducing antiseizure drugs (EIASDs) on its pharmacokinetics, and to obtain preliminary evidence of activity. Karenitecin was administered intravenously over 60 min daily for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks to adults with recurrent MG who had no more than one prior chemotherapy regimen. The continual reassessment method was used to escalate doses, beginning at 1.0 mg/m(2)/day, in patients stratified by EIASD use. Treatment was continued until disease progression or treatment-related dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Plasma pharmacokinetics was determined for the first daily dose of karenitecin. Thirty-two patients (median age, 52 years; median KPS score, 90) were accrued. Seventy-eight percent had glioblastoma, and 22% had anaplastic glioma. DLT was reversible neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. The MTD was 2.0 mg/m(2) in daggerEIASD patients and 1.5 mg/m(2) in -EIASD patients. The mean (+/-SD) total body clearance of karenitecin was 15.9 +/- 9.6 liters/h/m(2) in daggerEIASD patients and 10.2 +/- 3.5 liters/h/m(2) in -EIASD patients (p = 0.02). No objective responses were observed in 11 patients treated at or above the MTD. The total body clearance of karenitecin is significantly enhanced by the concurrent administration of EIASDs. This schedule of karenitecin, a novel lipophilic camptothecin analogue, has little activity in recurrent MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Grossman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA.
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Gately S, West R. Novel therapeutics with enhanced biological activity generated by the strategic introduction of silicon isosteres into known drug scaffolds. Drug Dev Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bikzhanova GA, Toulokhonova IS, Gately S, West R. Novel silicon-containing drugs derived from the indomethacin scaffold: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biological activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11201-006-9008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prijovich ZM, Leu YL, Roffler SR. Effect of pH and human serum albumin on the cytotoxicity of a glucuronide prodrug of 9-aminocamptothecin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 60:7-17. [PMID: 16983566 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide (9ACG) is a prodrug of 9-aminocamptothecin (9AC) that displays potent antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Camptothecins exist in a pH dependent equilibrium between active lactone and inactive carboxy forms that can be altered by binding to human serum albumin (HSA). Here we investigated the influence of pH and HSA on the lactone-carboxy equilibrium, HSA binding, and cytotoxicity of 9ACG. METHODS Microfiltration and HPLC were used to measure the influence of pH on lactone to carboxy conversion and HSA binding of 9ACG as compared to other camptothecins. In vitro cytotoxicity of drugs was determined against EJ human bladder carcinoma cells and CL1-5 human lung cancer cells. RESULTS The rate of lactone to carboxy conversion was similar for 9ACG and 9AC. Decreasing the pH from 7.6 to 6.0 increased the equilibrium levels of the lactone forms of the drugs from 20 to almost 95% of total drug. HSA moderately diminished the amount of free 9ACG lactone but did not change the ratio of 9ACG lactone to 9ACG carboxy. Consistent with the effect of pH on lactone levels, lowering the pH of EJ human bladder carcinoma cells from 7.6 to 6.8 decreased the IC(50) of 9ACG from 480 to 98 nM and 9AC from 33 to 12 nM. Activation of 9ACG by human beta-glucuronidase anchored on the surface of EJ cells further decreased its IC(50) value to 26 nM. Although HSA significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of 9AC and 9ACG, activation of 9ACG at cancer cells with an antibody-beta-glucuronidase immunoconjugate produced greater cytotoxicity than 9AC. CONCLUSIONS Acidification and targeted delivery of beta-glucuronidase can enhance 9ACG cytotoxicity even in the presence of HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko M Prijovich
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Section 2, No. 128, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sieburth SM, Chen C. Silanediol Protease Inhibitors: From Conception to Validation. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott McN. Sieburth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19010, USA
| | - Chien‐An Chen
- Chemistry Department, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., 215 College Rd., Paramus, NJ 07652‐1431, USA
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