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Han Z, Li Z, Raveendran R, Farazi S, Cao C, Chapman R, Stenzel MH. Peptide-Conjugated Micelles Make Effective Mimics of the TRAIL Protein for Driving Apoptosis in Colon Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5046-5057. [PMID: 37812059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) drives apoptosis selectively in cancer cells by clustering death receptors (DR4 and DR5). While it has excellent in vitro selectivity and toxicity, the TRAIL protein has a very low circulation half-life in vivo, which has hampered clinical development. Here, we developed core-cross-linked micelles that present multiple copies of a TRAIL-mimicking peptide at its surface. These micelles successfully induce apoptosis in a colon cancer cell line (COLO205) via DR4/5 clustering. Micelles with a peptide density of 15% (roughly 1 peptide/45 nm2) displayed the strongest activity with an IC50 value of 0.8 μM (relative to peptide), demonstrating that the precise spatial arrangement of ligands imparted by a protein such as a TRAIL may not be necessary for DR4/5/signaling and that a statistical network of monomeric ligands may suffice. As micelles have long circulation half-lives, we propose that this could provide a potential alternative drug to TRAIL and stimulate the use of micelles in other membrane receptor clustering networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Han
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zihao Li
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Radhika Raveendran
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shegufta Farazi
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Cao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Nakajima-Kato Y, Komai M, Yoshida T, Kanai A. A novel monoclonal antibody with improved FcγR blocking ability demonstrated non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG in cynomolgus monkey ITP model at considerably lower dose. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:23-30. [PMID: 36480334 PMCID: PMC9993454 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a well-established treatment for various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the standard dose prescribed for autoimmune diseases, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), is 2 g/kg, which is markedly high and leads to a high treatment burden. In this study, we generated fragment crystallizable (Fc)-modified anti-haptoglobin (Hp) monoclonal antibodies with non-inferior efficacy compared to IVIG at considerably lower doses than IVIG, as shown by in vitro experiments. We evaluated binding activity of anti-Hp antibodies to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) with ELISA and inhibitory activity against the ADCC reaction. Furthermore, we successfully established a novel cynomolgus monkey ITP model and demonstrated that the anti-Hp antibody exerted its effect in this model with only a single dose. This Fc-modified anti-Hp monoclonal antibody could be a valuable therapeutic replacement for IVIG for the treatment of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakajima-Kato
- Correspondence: Yuko Nakajima-Kato, Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 2, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Masato Komai
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 2, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanai
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 1, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Japan
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3
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Tang Y, Zhou C, Li Q, Cheng X, Huang T, Li F, He L, Zhang B, Tu S. Targeting depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells potentiates PD-L1 blockade efficacy in gastric and colon cancers. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2131084. [PMID: 36268178 PMCID: PMC9578486 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2131084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been demonstrated to suppress antitumor immunity and induce resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in gastric and colon cancer patients. Herein, we found that MDSCs accumulate in mice bearing syngeneic gastric cancer and colon cancer. Death receptor 5 (DR5), a receptor of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), was highly expressed on MDSCs and cancer cells; targeting DR5 using agonistic anti-DR5 antibody (MD5-1) specifically depleted MDSCs and induced enrichment of CD8+ T lymphocytes in tumors and exhibited stronger tumor inhibition efficacy in immune-competent mice than in T-cell-deficient nude mice. Importantly, the combination of MD5-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibody showed synergistic antitumor effects in gastric and colon tumor-bearing mice, resulting in significantly suppressed tumor growth and extended mice survival, whereas single-agent treatment had limited effect. Moreover, the combination therapy induced sustained memory immunity in mice that exhibited complete tumor regression. The enhanced antitumor effect was associated with increased intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation, and a more vigorous tumor-inhibiting microenvironment. In summary, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of combining PD-L1 blockade therapy with agonistic anti-DR5 antibody that targets MDSCs in gastric and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tinglei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiweng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuiping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenesis and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Sargunas PR, Spangler JB. Joined at the hip: The role of light chain complementarity determining region 2 in antibody self-association. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208330119. [PMID: 35776537 PMCID: PMC9282379 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208330119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Sargunas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Bloomberg–Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231
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5
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Antibody homotypic interactions are encoded by germline light chain complementarity determining region 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201562119. [PMID: 35653561 PMCID: PMC9191654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201562119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Weak transient interactions are fundamental to immune responses, enabling avidity-driven triggers for pathogen neutralization and cellular regulation. In contrast to obligate binding interactions that can be directly investigated structurally, the low or transitory abundance of weak interactions make them difficult to identify and characterize. This study leverages receptor agonism systems that are sensitive to oligomerization to investigate transient homotypic interfaces between antibody Fab regions. Our results show that self-association determinants are encoded naturally by the antibody germline through light chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDRL2), and these determinants can be engineered into antibodies to enhance their therapeutic properties. Insights into avidity-driven interactions create opportunities for optimization, and accordingly this work expands the engineering toolbox for antibody-based drugs. The utilization of avidity to drive and tune functional responses is fundamental to antibody biology and often underlies the mechanisms of action of monoclonal antibody drugs. There is increasing evidence that antibodies leverage homotypic interactions to enhance avidity, often through weak transient interfaces whereby self-association is coupled with target binding. Here, we comprehensively map the Fab–Fab interfaces of antibodies targeting DR5 and 4-1BB that utilize homotypic interaction to promote receptor activation and demonstrate that both antibodies have similar self-association determinants primarily encoded within a germline light chain complementarity determining region 2 (CDRL2). We further show that these determinants can be grafted onto antibodies of distinct target specificity to substantially enhance their activity. An expanded characterization of all unique germline CDRL2 sequences reveals additional self-association sequence determinants encoded in the human germline repertoire. Our results suggest that this phenomenon is unique to CDRL2, and is correlated with the less frequent antigen interaction and lower somatic hypermutation associated with this loop. This work reveals a previously unknown avidity mechanism in antibody native biology that can be exploited for the engineering of biotherapeutics.
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Nguyen VQ, You DG, Kim CH, Kwon S, Um W, Oh BH, An JY, Jeon J, Park JH. An anti-DR5 antibody-curcumin conjugate for the enhanced clearance of activated hepatic stellate cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1231-1239. [PMID: 34626726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anti-death receptor 5 (DR5) antibody is a potential therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis because it exhibits anti-fibrotic effects by inducing the apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are responsible for hepatic fibrogenesis. However, the clinical applications of anti-DR5 antibodies have been limited by their low agonistic activity against DR5. In this study, an anti-DR5 antibody-curcumin conjugate (DCC) was prepared to investigate its effect on the clearance of activated HSCs. The DCC was synthesized through a coupling reaction between a maleimide-functionalized curcumin derivative and a thiolated anti-DR5 antibody. No significant differences were observed in the uptake behaviors of activated HSCs between the bare anti-DR5 antibodies and DCC. Owing to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin, DCC-treated HSCs produced much lower levels of reactive oxygen species and inducible nitric oxide synthase than the bare anti-DR5 antibody-treated HSCs. Additionally, the anti-fibrotic effects of DCC on activated HSCs were more prominent than those of the bare anti-DR5 antibodies, as demonstrated by the immunocytochemical analysis of α-smooth muscle actin. DCC preferentially accumulated in the liver after its systemic administration to mice with liver fibrosis. Thus, DCC may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Quy Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil You
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglee Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hoon Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yoon An
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Shivange G, Mondal T, Lyerly E, Bhatnagar S, Landen CN, Reddy S, Kim J, Doan B, Riddle P, Tushir-Singh J. A patch of positively charged residues regulates the efficacy of clinical DR5 antibodies in solid tumors. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109953. [PMID: 34731630 PMCID: PMC8720280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor clustering is the first and critical step to activate apoptosis by death receptor-5 (DR5). The recent discovery of the autoinhibitory DR5 ectodomain has challenged the long-standing view of its mechanistic activation by the natural ligand Apo2L. Because the autoinhibitory residues have remained unknown, here we characterize a crucial patch of positively charged residues (PPCR) in the highly variable domain of DR5. The PPCR electrostatically separates DR5 receptors to autoinhibit their clustering in the absence of ligand and antibody binding. Mutational substitution and antibody-mediated PPCR interference resulted in increased apoptotic cytotoxic function. A dually specific antibody that enables sustained tampering with PPCR function exceptionally enhanced DR5 clustering and apoptotic activation and distinctively improved the survival of animals bearing aggressive metastatic and recurrent tumors, whereas clinically tested DR5 antibodies without PPCR blockade function were largely ineffective. Our study provides mechanistic insights into DR5 activation and a therapeutic analytical design for potential clinical success.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Epitopes
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA; Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Shivani Reddy
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jonathan Kim
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Britney Doan
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Paula Riddle
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Undergraduate Research Program Volunteers, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
| | - Jogender Tushir-Singh
- Laboratory of Novel Biologics, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville VA 22908, USA; University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville VA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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8
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Mondal T, Shivange GN, Tihagam RGT, Lyerly E, Battista M, Talwar D, Mosavian R, Urbanek K, Rashid NS, Harrell JC, Bos PD, Stelow EB, Stack MS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir‐Singh J. Unexpected PD-L1 immune evasion mechanism in TNBC, ovarian, and other solid tumors by DR5 agonist antibodies. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12716. [PMID: 33587338 PMCID: PMC7933954 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective immune infiltration represents a significant barrier to immunotherapy in solid tumors. Thus, solid tumor-enriched death receptor-5 (DR5) activating antibodies, which generates tumor debulking by extrinsic apoptotic cytotoxicity, remains a crucial alternate therapeutic strategy. Over past few decades, many DR5 antibodies moved to clinical trials after successfully controlling tumors in immunodeficient tumor xenografts. However, DR5 antibodies failed to significantly improve survival in phase-II trials, leading in efforts to generate second generation of DR5 agonists to supersize apoptotic cytotoxicity in tumors. Here we have discovered that clinical DR5 antibodies activate an unexpected immunosuppressive PD-L1 stabilization pathway, which potentially had contributed to their limited success in clinics. The DR5 agonist stimulated caspase-8 signaling not only activates ROCK1 but also undermines proteasome function, both of which contributes to increased PD-L1 stability on tumor cell surface. Targeting DR5-ROCK1-PD-L1 axis markedly increases immune effector T-cell function, promotes tumor regression, and improves overall survival in animal models. These insights have identified a potential clinically viable combinatorial strategy to revive solid cancer immunotherapy using death receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Gururaj N Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Rachisan GT Tihagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Michael Battista
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Divpriya Talwar
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Roxanna Mosavian
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Karol Urbanek
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | | | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Paula D Bos
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of PathologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Jogender Tushir‐Singh
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- DoD Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career InvestigatorCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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9
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Kucka K, Wajant H. Receptor Oligomerization and Its Relevance for Signaling by Receptors of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:615141. [PMID: 33644033 PMCID: PMC7905041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of a few signaling incompetent decoy receptors, the receptors of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) are signaling competent and engage in signaling pathways resulting in inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and cell migration and also in cell death induction. TNFRSF receptors (TNFRs) become activated by ligands of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF). TNFSF ligands (TNFLs) occur as trimeric type II transmembrane proteins but often also as soluble ligand trimers released from the membrane-bound form by proteolysis. The signaling competent TNFRs are efficiently activated by the membrane-bound TNFLs. The latter recruit three TNFR molecules, but there is growing evidence that this is not sufficient to trigger all aspects of TNFR signaling; rather, the formed trimeric TNFL–TNFR complexes have to cluster secondarily in the cell-to-cell contact zone for full TNFR activation. With respect to their response to soluble ligand trimers, the signaling competent TNFRs can be subdivided into two groups. TNFRs of one group, designated as category I TNFRs, are robustly activated by soluble ligand trimers. The receptors of a second group (category II TNFRs), however, failed to become properly activated by soluble ligand trimers despite high affinity binding. The limited responsiveness of category II TNFRs to soluble TNFLs can be overcome by physical linkage of two or more soluble ligand trimers or, alternatively, by anchoring the soluble ligand molecules to the cell surface or extracellular matrix. This suggests that category II TNFRs have a limited ability to promote clustering of trimeric TNFL–TNFR complexes outside the context of cell–cell contacts. In this review, we will focus on three aspects on the relevance of receptor oligomerization for TNFR signaling: (i) the structural factors which promote clustering of free and liganded TNFRs, (ii) the signaling pathway specificity of the receptor oligomerization requirement, and (iii) the consequences for the design and development of TNFR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Kucka
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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An expanded genetic code facilitates antibody chemical conjugation involving the lambda light chain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 546:35-39. [PMID: 33561746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most of the currently approved therapeutic antibodies are of the immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) κ isotype, leaving a vast opportunity for the use of IgGλ in medical treatments. The incorporation of designer amino acids into antibodies enables efficient and precise manufacturing of antibody chemical conjugates. Useful conjugation sites have been explored in the constant domain of the human κ-light chain (LCκ), which is no more than 38% identical to its LCλ counterpart in amino acid sequence. In the present study, we used an expanded genetic code for site-specifically incorporating Nε-(o-azidobenzyloxycarbonyl)-l-lysine (o-Az-Z-Lys) into the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of an IgGλ, cixutumumab. Ten sites in the LCλ constant domain were found to support efficient chemical conjugation exploiting the bio-orthogonal azido chemistry. Most of the identified positions are located in regions that differ between the two light chain isotypes, thus being specific to the λ isotype. Finally, o-Az-Z-Lys was incorporated into the Fab fragments of cixutumumab and trastuzumab to chemically combine them; the resulting bispecific Fab-dimers showed a strong antagonistic activity against a cancer cell line. The present results expand the utility of the chemical conjugation method to the whole spectrum of humanized antibodies, including the λ isotype.
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11
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Tsai CL, Sun DS, Su MT, Lien TS, Chen YH, Lin CY, Huang CH, King CC, Li CR, Chen TH, Chiu YH, Lu CC, Chang HH. Suppressed humoral immunity is associated with dengue nonstructural protein NS1-elicited anti-death receptor antibody fractions in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6294. [PMID: 32286343 PMCID: PMC7156414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infections may cause life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Suppressed protective immunity was shown in these patients. Although several hypotheses have been formulated, the mechanism of DENV-induced immunosuppression remains unclear. Previously, we found that cross-reactive antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 1 (death receptor 4 [DR4]) were elicited in DHF patients, and that anti-DR4 autoantibody fractions were elicited by nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) immunizations in experimental mice. In this study, we found that anti-DR4 antibodies could suppress B lymphocyte function in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with the anti-DR4 immunoglobulin (Ig) induced caspase-dependent cell death in immortalized B lymphocyte Raji cells in vitro. Anti-DR4 Igs elicited by NS1 and DR4 immunizations markedly suppressed mouse spleen transitional T2 B (IgM+IgD+), bone marrow pre-pro-B (B220+CD43+), pre-B (B220+CD43-), and mature B cell (B220+IgD+) subsets in mice. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the pre-elicitation of anti-NS1 and anti-DR4 Ig titers suppressed subsequently neutralizing antibody production by immunization with DENV envelop protein. Our data suggest that the elicitation of anti-DR4 titers through DENV NS1 immunization plays a suppressive role in humoral immunity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tzu Su
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Huang
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Chuen King
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ru Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hung Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Lu
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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12
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Molecular Mode of Action of TRAIL Receptor Agonists-Common Principles and Their Translational Exploitation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070954. [PMID: 31284696 PMCID: PMC6678900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptors TRAILR1/death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAILR2/DR5 trigger cell death in many cancer cells but rarely exert cytotoxic activity on non-transformed cells. Against this background, a variety of recombinant TRAIL variants and anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. Despite promising results from mice tumor models, TRAIL death receptor targeting has failed so far in clinical studies to show satisfying anti-tumor efficacy. These disappointing results can largely be explained by two issues: First, tumor cells can acquire TRAIL resistance by several mechanisms defining a need for combination therapies with appropriate sensitizing drugs. Second, there is now growing preclinical evidence that soluble TRAIL variants but also bivalent anti-TRAIL death receptor antibodies typically require oligomerization or plasma membrane anchoring to achieve maximum activity. This review discusses the need for oligomerization and plasma membrane attachment for the activity of TRAIL death receptor agonists in view of what is known about the molecular mechanisms of how TRAIL death receptors trigger intracellular cell death signaling. In particular, it will be highlighted which consequences this has for the development of next generation TRAIL death receptor agonists and their potential clinical application.
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13
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Lee YR, Hwang E, Jang YJ. Involvement of p38 Activation and Mitochondria in Death of Human Leukemia Cells Induced by an Agonistic Human Monoclonal Antibody Fab Specific to TRAIL Receptor 1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081967. [PMID: 31013630 PMCID: PMC6515105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cancer cell death with minimal damage to normal cells; however, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL. TRAIL resistance may be overcome by agonistic antibodies to TRAIL receptors. In this study, we report the toxic effects of a novel recombinant agonistic human anti-TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4) monoclonal antibody Fab fragment, DR4-4, on various TRAIL-resistant and -sensitive cancer cell lines. The mechanisms of DR4-4 Fab-induced cell death in a human T cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat) were investigated using cell viability testing, immunoblotting, immunoassays, flow cytometry, and morphological observation. DR4-4 Fab-induced caspase-independent necrosis was observed to occur in Jurkat cells in association with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein degradation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Increased cytotoxic effects of DR4-4 Fab were observed in combination with TRAIL or γ-irradiation. Our results indicate that the novel DR4-4 Fab might overcome TRAIL-resistance and induce death in leukemia cells via cellular mechanisms different from those activated by TRAIL. DR4-4 Fab may have application as a potential therapeutic antibody fragment in single or combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ri Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Eunjoo Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Young-Ju Jang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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14
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Dubuisson A, Favreau C, Fourmaux E, Lareure S, Rodrigues-Saraiva R, Pellat-Deceunynck C, El Alaoui S, Micheau O. Generation and characterization of novel anti-DR4 and anti-DR5 antibodies developed by genetic immunization. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30718507 PMCID: PMC6362131 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of therapeutic antibodies in oncology has attracted much interest in the past decades. More than 30 of them have been approved and are being used to treat patients suffering from cancer. Despite encouraging results, and albeit most clinical trials aiming at evaluating monoclonal antibodies directed against TRAIL agonist receptors have been discontinued, DR4 or DR5 remain interesting targets, since these receptors are overexpressed by tumour cells and are able to trigger their death. In an effort to develop novel and specific anti-DR4 and anti-DR5 antibodies with improved properties, we used genetic immunization to express native proteins in vivo. Injection of DR4 and DR5 cDNA into the tail veins of mice elicited significant humoral anti-DR4 and anti-DR5 responses and fusions of the corresponding spleens resulted in numerous hybridomas secreting antibodies that could specifically recognize DR4 or DR5 in their native forms. All antibodies bound specifically to their targets with a very high affinity, from picomolar to nanomolar range. Among the 21 anti-DR4 and anti-DR5 monoclonal antibodies that we have produced and purified, two displayed proapoptotic properties alone, five induced apoptosis after cross-linking, four were found to potentiate TRAIL-induced apoptosis and three displayed antiapoptotic potential. The most potent anti-DR4 antibody, C#16, was assessed in vivo and was found, alone, to inhibit tumour growth in animal models. This is the first demonstration that DNA-based immunization method can be used to generate novel monoclonal antibodies targeting receptors of the TNF superfamily that may constitute new therapeutic agents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/agonists
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Dubuisson
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079, Dijon, France
- Research Department, CovalAb, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
- INSERM, UMR1231, « Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer » and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079, Dijon, France
| | - Cécile Favreau
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079, Dijon, France
- INSERM, UMR1231, « Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer » and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Fourmaux
- Research Department, CovalAb, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Sabrina Lareure
- Research Department, CovalAb, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Rafael Rodrigues-Saraiva
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079, Dijon, France
- INSERM, UMR1231, « Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer » and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079, Dijon, France
| | | | - Said El Alaoui
- Research Department, CovalAb, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079, Dijon, France.
- Research Department, CovalAb, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, « Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer » and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079, Dijon, France.
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15
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Nihira K, Nan-ya KI, Kakuni M, Ono Y, Yoshikawa Y, Ota T, Hiura M, Yoshinari K. Chimeric Mice With Humanized Livers Demonstrate Human-Specific Hepatotoxicity Caused by a Therapeutic Antibody Against TRAIL-Receptor 2/Death Receptor 5. Toxicol Sci 2018; 167:190-201. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaito Nihira
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Nan-ya
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kakuni
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Ono
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Yoshikawa
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Toshio Ota
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Masanori Hiura
- Translational Research Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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16
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Isoda Y, Piao W, Taguchi E, Iwano J, Takaoka S, Uchida A, Yoshikawa K, Enokizono J, Arakawa E, Tomizuka K, Shiraishi Y, Masuda K. Development and evaluation of a novel antibody-photon absorber conjugate reveals the possibility of photoimmunotherapy-induced vascular occlusion during treatment in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31422-31431. [PMID: 30140380 PMCID: PMC6101140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilize a photosensitizing agent and light for cancer therapy. It exerts anti-cancer effect mainly by inducing vascular occlusion at the irradiated site. By controlling the irradiation area, PDT can be used in a tumor-specific manner. However, the non-specific cellular damage in the surrounding normal tissue is still a serious concern. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a new type of targeted cancer therapy that uses an antibody-photon absorber conjugate (APC). The superiority of PIT to PDT is the improved target specificity, thereby reducing the damage to normal tissues. Here, we developed a novel APC targeting epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as well as a negative control APC that does not bind to the EpCAM antigen. Our in vitro analysis of APC cytotoxicity demonstrated that the EpCAM APC, but not the negative control, was cytotoxic to EpCAM expressing COLO 205 cells after photoirradiation, suggesting that the cytotoxicity is antigen-dependent. However, in our in vivo analysis using a mouse xenograft tumor model, decreased volume of the tumors was observed in all the mice treated with irradiation, regardless of whether they were treated with the EpCAM APC or the negative control. Detailed investigation of the mechanism of these in vivo reveal that both APCs induce vascular occlusion at the irradiation site. Furthermore, the level of vascular occlusion was correlated with the blood concentration of APC, not the tumor concentration. These results imply that, similar to PDT, PIT can also induce non-targeted vascular occlusion and further optimization is required before widespread clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Isoda
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen Piao
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Taguchi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Iwano
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takaoka
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Uchida
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Yoshikawa
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Enokizono
- Translational Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Suntou-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Emi Arakawa
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Suntou-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Shiraishi
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Masuda
- Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Machida-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Moradi Marjaneh R, Hassanian SM, Ghobadi N, Ferns GA, Karimi A, Jazayeri MH, Nasiri M, Avan A, Khazaei M. Targeting the death receptor signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of colorectal cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6538-6549. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Microanatomy Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Niloofar Ghobadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School Division of Medical Education Falmer, Brighton, Sussex UK
| | - Afshin Karimi
- Quality Department of Nutricia Mashhad Mild Powder Industrial Mashhad Iran
| | - Mir Hadi Jazayeri
- Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Nasiri
- Recombinant Proteins Research Group The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Cancer Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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18
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Ding B, Zhang W, Wu X, Wang J, Xie C, Huang X, Zhan S, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Xu N, Ding X, Gao S. DR5 mAb-conjugated, DTIC-loaded immuno-nanoparticles effectively and specifically kill malignant melanoma cells in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57160-57170. [PMID: 27494835 PMCID: PMC5302980 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined chemo- and immunotherapies by constructing dual therapeutic function immuno-nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of death receptor 5 monoclonal antibody (DR5 mAb)-conjugated nanoparticles loaded with dacarbazine (DTIC) (DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb). We determined the in vivo targeting specificity of DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb by evaluating distribution in tumor-bearing nude mice using a real-time imaging system. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed in terms of its effect on tumor volume, survival time, histomorphology, microvessel density (MVD), and apoptotic index (AI). Systemic toxicity was evaluated by measuring white blood cells (WBC) counts, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and creatinine clearance (CR).In vivo and ex vivo imaging indicates that DR5 mAb modification enhanced the accumulation of NPs within the xenograft tumor. DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb inhibited tumor growth more effectively than DTIC or DR5 mAb alone, indicating that combining DTIC and DR5 mAb through pharmaceutical engineering achieves a better therapeutic effect. Moreover, the toxicity of DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb was much lower than that of DTIC, implying that DR5 mAb targeting reduces nonspecific uptake of DTIC into normal tissue and thus decreases toxic side effects. These results demonstrate that DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb is a safe and effective nanoparticle formulation with the potential to improve the efficacy and specificity of melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Shuyu Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Yongxia Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Yueyan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Ningyin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Xueying Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
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19
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Naimi A, Movassaghpour AA, Hagh MF, Talebi M, Entezari A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Solali S. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as the potential therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:566-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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20
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Carter PJ, Lazar GA. Next generation antibody drugs: pursuit of the 'high-hanging fruit'. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 17:197-223. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Dubuisson A, Micheau O. Antibodies and Derivatives Targeting DR4 and DR5 for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:E16. [PMID: 31548531 PMCID: PMC6698863 DOI: 10.3390/antib6040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing therapeutics that induce apoptosis in cancer cells has become an increasingly attractive approach for the past 30 years. The discovery of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily members and more specifically TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the only cytokine of the family capable of eradicating selectively cancer cells, led to the development of numerous TRAIL derivatives targeting death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) for cancer therapy. With a few exceptions, preliminary attempts to use recombinant TRAIL, agonistic antibodies, or derivatives to target TRAIL agonist receptors in the clinic have been fairly disappointing. Nonetheless, a tremendous effort, worldwide, is being put into the development of novel strategic options to target TRAIL receptors. Antibodies and derivatives allow for the design of novel and efficient agonists. We summarize and discuss here the advantages and drawbacks of the soar of TRAIL therapeutics, from the first developments to the next generation of agonistic products, with a particular insight on new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Dubuisson
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Olivier Micheau
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, LNC UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France.
- CovalAb, Research Department, 11 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, F-21079 Dijon, France.
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22
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Guo L, Sun X, Hao Z, Huang J, Han X, You Y, Li Y, Shen M, Ozawa T, Kishi H, Muraguchi A, Jin A. Identification of Novel Epitopes with Agonistic Activity for the Development of Tumor Immunotherapy Targeting TRAIL-R1. J Cancer 2017; 8:2542-2553. [PMID: 28900492 PMCID: PMC5595084 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor-1/2 (TRAIL-R1/R2), also known as death receptors, are expressed in a wide variety of tumor cells. Although TRAIL can induce cell apoptosis by engaging its cognate TRAIL-R1/R2, some tumor cells are or become resistant to TRAIL treatment. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TRAIL-R1/R2 have been developed to use as potential antitumor therapeutic agents instead of TRAIL. However, TRAIL-R1/R2-based tumor therapy has not yet been realized. We previously generated a series of fully human monoclonal antibodies against TRAIL-R1 (TR1-mAbs) that induced tumor cell apoptosis. In this study, we identified the antigenic binding sites of these TR1-mAbs and proposed two major epitopes on the extracellular domain of TRAIL-R1. The analysis revealed that the epitopes of some TR1-mAbs partially overlaps with the beginning of TRAIL-binding sites, and other epitopes are located within the TRAIL-binding region. Among these mAbs, TR1-422 and TR1-419 mAbs have two antigenic binding sites that bound to the same binding region, but they have different essential amino acid residues and binding site sizes. Furthermore, we investigated the apoptosis activity of TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAbs in the form of IgG and IgM. In contrast to the IgG-type TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAbs, which enhanced and inhibited TRAIL-induced apoptosis, respectively, both IgM-type TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAb strongly induced cell apoptosis with or without soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL). Moreover, the results showed that IgM-type TR1-419 and TR1-422 mAbs alone can sufficiently activate the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Consequently, we identified two antigenic binding sites with agonistic activity, and their specific IgM-type mAbs exhibited strong cytotoxic activity in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these agonistic antigenic binding sites may be useful for the development of effective Ab-based drugs or Ab-based cell immunotherapy for various human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiaojian Han
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yajie You
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Meiying Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
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23
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Shinmi D, Nakano R, Mitamura K, Suzuki-Imaizumi M, Iwano J, Isoda Y, Enokizono J, Shiraishi Y, Arakawa E, Tomizuka K, Masuda K. Novel anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibody-drug conjugate has antitumor activity in the existence of soluble antigen. Cancer Med 2017; 6:798-808. [PMID: 28211613 PMCID: PMC5387159 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a classic tumor‐specific antigen that is overexpressed in several cancers, including gastric cancer. Although some anti‐CEA antibodies have been tested, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no clinically approved anti‐CEA antibody therapies. Because of this, we have created the novel anti‐CEA antibody, 15‐1‐32, which exhibits stronger binding to membrane‐bound CEA on cancer cells than existing anti‐CEA antibodies. 15‐1‐32 also shows poor affinity for soluble CEA; thus, the binding activity of 15‐1‐32 to membrane‐bound CEA is not influenced by soluble CEA. In addition, we constructed a 15‐1‐32‐monomethyl auristatin E conjugate (15‐1‐32‐vcMMAE) to improve the therapeutic efficacy of 15‐1‐32. 15‐1‐32‐vcMMAE showed enhanced antitumor activity against gastric cancer cell lines. Unlike with existing anti‐CEA antibody therapies, antitumor activity of 15‐1‐32‐vcMMAE was retained in the presence of high concentrations of soluble CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shinmi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakano
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mitamura
- Oncology Research Laboratories, Oncology R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junko Iwano
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Isoda
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Enokizono
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Shiraishi
- R&D Planning Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Arakawa
- Fuji Research Park, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Masuda
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Lewis AK, Valley CC, Peery SL, Brummel B, Braun AR, Karim CB, Sachs JN. Death Receptor 5 Networks Require Membrane Cholesterol for Proper Structure and Function. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4843-4855. [PMID: 27720987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) is an apoptosis-inducing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, whose activity has been linked to membrane cholesterol content. Upon ligand binding, DR5 forms large clusters within the plasma membrane that have often been assumed to be manifestations of receptor co-localization in cholesterol-rich membrane domains. However, we have recently shown that DR5 clusters are more than just randomly aggregated receptors. Instead, these are highly structured networks held together by receptor dimers. These dimers are stabilized by specific transmembrane helix-helix interactions, including a disulfide bond in the long isoform of the receptor. The complex relationships among DR5 network formation, transmembrane helix dimerization, membrane cholesterol, and receptor activity has not been established. It is unknown whether the membrane itself plays an active role in driving DR5 transmembrane helix interactions or in the formation of the networks. We show that cholesterol depletion in cells does not inhibit the formation of DR5 networks. However, the networks that form in cholesterol-depleted cells fail to induce caspase cleavage. These results suggest a potential structural difference between active and inactive networks. As evidence, we show that cholesterol is necessary for the covalent dimerization of DR5 transmembrane domains. Molecular simulations and experiments in synthetic vesicles on the DR5 transmembrane dimer suggest that dimerization is facilitated by increased helicity in a thicker bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher C Valley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen L Peery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Brummel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anthony R Braun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christine B Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan N Sachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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25
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Brünker P, Wartha K, Friess T, Grau-Richards S, Waldhauer I, Koller CF, Weiser B, Majety M, Runza V, Niu H, Packman K, Feng N, Daouti S, Hosse RJ, Mössner E, Weber TG, Herting F, Scheuer W, Sade H, Shao C, Liu B, Wang P, Xu G, Vega-Harring S, Klein C, Bosslet K, Umaña P. RG7386, a Novel Tetravalent FAP-DR5 Antibody, Effectively Triggers FAP-Dependent, Avidity-Driven DR5 Hyperclustering and Tumor Cell Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:946-57. [PMID: 27037412 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cellular apoptosis and resistance to cell death are hallmarks of neoplastic initiation and disease progression. Therefore, the development of agents that overcome apoptosis dysregulation in tumor cells is an attractive therapeutic approach. Activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway is strongly dependent on death receptor (DR) hyperclustering on the cell surface. However, strategies to activate DR5 or DR4 through agonistic antibodies have had only limited clinical success. To pursue an alternative approach for tumor-targeted induction of apoptosis, we engineered a bispecific antibody (BsAb), which simultaneously targets fibroblast-activation protein (FAP) on cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor stroma and DR5 on tumor cells. We hypothesized that bivalent binding to both FAP and DR5 leads to avidity-driven hyperclustering of DR5 and subsequently strong induction of apoptosis in tumor cells but not in normal cells. Here, we show that RG7386, an optimized FAP-DR5 BsAb, triggers potent tumor cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in preclinical tumor models with FAP-positive stroma. RG7386 antitumor efficacy was strictly FAP dependent, was independent of FcR cross-linking, and was superior to conventional DR5 antibodies. In combination with irinotecan or doxorubicin, FAP-DR5 treatment resulted in substantial tumor regression in patient-derived xenograft models. FAP-DR5 also demonstrated single-agent activity against FAP-expressing malignant cells, due to cross-binding of FAP and DR5 across tumor cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RG7386, a novel and potent antitumor agent in both mono- and combination therapies, overcomes limitations of previous DR5 antibodies and represents a promising approach to conquer tumor-associated resistance to apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 946-57. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brünker
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wartha
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Friess
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Grau-Richards
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Inja Waldhauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ferrara Koller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Weiser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Meher Majety
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Runza
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Huifeng Niu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ningping Feng
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Sherif Daouti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, New York, New York
| | - Ralf J Hosse
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Mössner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G Weber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Frank Herting
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Werner Scheuer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hadassah Sade
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Cuiying Shao
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Gary Xu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzana Vega-Harring
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Bosslet
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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26
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Tamada T, Shinmi D, Ikeda M, Yonezawa Y, Kataoka S, Kuroki R, Mori E, Motoki K. TRAIL-R2 Superoligomerization Induced by Human Monoclonal Agonistic Antibody KMTR2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17936. [PMID: 26672965 PMCID: PMC4682084 DOI: 10.1038/srep17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fully human monoclonal antibody KMTR2 acts as a strong direct agonist for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2), which is capable of inducing apoptotic cell death without cross-linking. To investigate the mechanism of direct agonistic activity induced by KMTR2, the crystal structure of the extracellular region of TRAIL-R2 and a Fab fragment derived from KMTR2 (KMTR2-Fab) was determined to 2.1 Å resolution. Two KMTR2-Fabs assembled with the complementarity-determining region 2 of the light chain via two-fold crystallographic symmetry, suggesting that the KMTR2-Fab assembly tended to enhance TRAIL-R2 oligomerization. A single mutation at Asn53 to Arg located at the two-fold interface in the KMTR2 resulted in a loss of its apoptotic activity, although it retained its antigen-binding activity. These results indicate that the strong agonistic activity, such as apoptotic signaling and tumor regression, induced by KMTR2 is attributed to TRAIL-R2 superoligomerization induced by the interdimerization of KMTR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tamada
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinmi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Immunology &Allergy Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yonezawa
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Shiro Kataoka
- Business Development Department, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8185, Japan
| | - Ryota Kuroki
- Quantum Beam Science Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Eiji Mori
- R&D Planning Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 1-6-1, Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8185, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Motoki
- Oncology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8533, Japan
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27
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Guiho R, Biteau K, Heymann D, Redini F. TRAIL-based therapy in pediatric bone tumors: how to overcome resistance. Future Oncol 2015; 11:535-42. [PMID: 25675131 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, the two most frequent malignant primary tumors preferentially arise in children and young adults, and have a poor prognosis. TRAIL represents a promising therapeutic approach for most cancers but in the case of primary bone tumors, osteosarcoma cell lines are highly resistant to this pro-apoptotic cytokine. In addition, another signaling pathway mediating cell proliferation and migration may be even activated in this subset of resistant cells leading to protumoral effect. Therapeutic perspectives are linked to possibility to overcome TRAIL resistance by combining other drugs with TRAIL or death receptors agonistic antibodies. We hypothesized that the bone microenvironment may provide a favorable niche for TRAIL resistance that might be targeted by new resensitizing agents.
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28
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Reddy A, Growney JD, Wilson NS, Emery CM, Johnson JA, Ward R, Monaco KA, Korn J, Monahan JE, Stump MD, Mapa FA, Wilson CJ, Steiger J, Ledell J, Rickles RJ, Myer VE, Ettenberg SA, Schlegel R, Sellers WR, Huet HA, Lehár J. Gene Expression Ratios Lead to Accurate and Translatable Predictors of DR5 Agonism across Multiple Tumor Lineages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138486. [PMID: 26378449 PMCID: PMC4574744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Death Receptor 5 (DR5) agonists demonstrate anti-tumor activity in preclinical models but have yet to demonstrate robust clinical responses. A key limitation may be the lack of patient selection strategies to identify those most likely to respond to treatment. To overcome this limitation, we screened a DR5 agonist Nanobody across >600 cell lines representing 21 tumor lineages and assessed molecular features associated with response. High expression of DR5 and Casp8 were significantly associated with sensitivity, but their expression thresholds were difficult to translate due to low dynamic ranges. To address the translational challenge of establishing thresholds of gene expression, we developed a classifier based on ratios of genes that predicted response across lineages. The ratio classifier outperformed the DR5+Casp8 classifier, as well as standard approaches for feature selection and classification using genes, instead of ratios. This classifier was independently validated using 11 primary patient-derived pancreatic xenograft models showing perfect predictions as well as a striking linearity between prediction probability and anti-tumor response. A network analysis of the genes in the ratio classifier captured important biological relationships mediating drug response, specifically identifying key positive and negative regulators of DR5 mediated apoptosis, including DR5, CASP8, BID, cFLIP, XIAP and PEA15. Importantly, the ratio classifier shows translatability across gene expression platforms (from Affymetrix microarrays to RNA-seq) and across model systems (in vitro to in vivo). Our approach of using gene expression ratios presents a robust and novel method for constructing translatable biomarkers of compound response, which can also probe the underlying biology of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Reddy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joseph D. Growney
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Nick S. Wilson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Caroline M. Emery
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Johnson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Ward
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Kelli A. Monaco
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Joshua Korn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - John E. Monahan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Stump
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Felipa A. Mapa
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Janine Steiger
- Horizon CombinatoRx, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Jebediah Ledell
- Horizon CombinatoRx, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Vic E. Myer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Seth A. Ettenberg
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Robert Schlegel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - William R. Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Huet
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lehár
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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29
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Huet HA, Growney JD, Johnson JA, Li J, Bilic S, Ostrom L, Zafari M, Kowal C, Yang G, Royo A, Jensen M, Dombrecht B, Meerschaert KRA, Kolkman JA, Cromie KD, Mosher R, Gao H, Schuller A, Isaacs R, Sellers WR, Ettenberg SA. Multivalent nanobodies targeting death receptor 5 elicit superior tumor cell killing through efficient caspase induction. MAbs 2015; 6:1560-70. [PMID: 25484045 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.975099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic agonists of death receptor 5 (DR5) have been developed and are under clinical evaluation. Although these agonists demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity in preclinical models, the clinical efficacy in human cancer patients has been notably disappointing. One possible explanation might be that the current classes of therapeutic molecules are not sufficiently potent to elicit significant response in patients, particularly for dimeric antibody agonists that require secondary cross-linking via Fcγ receptors expressed on immune cells to achieve optimal clustering of DR5. To overcome this limitation, a novel multivalent Nanobody approach was taken with the goal of generating a significantly more potent DR5 agonist. In the present study, we show that trivalent DR5 targeting Nanobodies mimic the activity of natural ligand, and furthermore, increasing the valency of domains to tetramer and pentamer markedly increased potency of cell killing on tumor cells, with pentamers being more potent than tetramers in vitro. Increased potency was attributed to faster kinetics of death-inducing signaling complex assembly and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. In vivo, multivalent Nanobody molecules elicited superior anti-tumor activity compared to a conventional DR5 agonist antibody, including the ability to induce tumor regression in an insensitive patient-derived primary pancreatic tumor model. Furthermore, complete responses to Nanobody treatment were obtained in up to 50% of patient-derived primary pancreatic and colon tumor models, suggesting that multivalent DR5 Nanobodies may represent a significant new therapeutic modality for targeting death receptor signaling.
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Key Words
- % T/C, percent tumor volume change treated over control
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AUC, area under the curve
- BW, body weight
- DISC, death inducing signaling complex
- DR5
- DR5, death receptor 5
- Death Receptor
- FADD, Fas associated death domain
- N/A, not assessed
- NS, not significant
- Nanobody
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- T, mean tumor size
- TNFR, tumor necrosis factor receptor
- TRAIL
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand
- TV, tumor volume
- VHH, heavy heavy variable domain
- apoptosis
- caspase
- i.v., intravenous
- x-LBY135, cross-linked LBY135
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Huet
- a Oncology Research; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research ; Cambridge , MA USA
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30
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The tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody without cross-linking direct induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 70:41-5. [PMID: 25776477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand can induce apoptosis in many tumor cell lines. This apoptotic effect is mediated by interaction of TRAIL and its receptors, which include Death Receptor 4 (DR4) and Death Receptor 5 (DR5). Some antibodies to DR4 or DR5 do not have anti-tumor ability without cross-linking but exhibit anti-tumor ability in the presence of a cross-linking reagent. Here, we suggest that the tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody can induce apoptosis of cancer cells independent of cross-linking reagent. The single-chain variable fragment of the anti-DR5 antibody, HSA (human serum albumin) - p53 gene, comprising residues 490-513 of HSA and the tetramerization domain of human p53 were assembled into the tetravalent antibody by an overlapping PCR. Results of size exclusion HPLC indicated that the purified protein exhibited a major peak (tetramer) and a minor peak (dimer). MTT assay demonstrated the tetravalent antibody without cross-linking could inhibit survival of Jurkat and EC9706 cells in a dose-dependent manner while the monovalent antibody could not inhibit survival of Jurkat and EC9706 cells. IC50 of Jurkat cell was 3.2 mg/L and IC50 of EC9706 cell was 3.9 mg/L. Furthermore, the Annexin V/PI assay and the Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the tetravalent antibody could efficiently induce apoptosis of Jurkat and EC9706 cells. Therefore, the tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody can act as a direct agonistic antibody, and initiate efficient apoptotic independent of cross-linking reagent. Thus, the tetravalent anti-DR5 antibody will be a new kind of candidate for potential cancer therapeutics.
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Song A, Myojo K, Laudenslager J, Harada D, Miura T, Suzuki K, Kuni-Kamochi R, Soloff R, Ohgami K, Kanda Y. Evaluation of a fully human monoclonal antibody against multiple influenza A viral strains in mice and a pandemic H1N1 strain in nonhuman primates. Antiviral Res 2014; 111:60-8. [PMID: 25218949 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus is a global health concern due to its unpredictable pandemic potential. Frequent mutations of surface molecules, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), contribute to low efficacy of the annual flu vaccine and therapeutic resistance to standard antiviral agents. The populations at high risk of influenza virus infection, such as the elderly and infants, generally mount low immune responses to vaccines, and develop severe disease after infection. Novel therapeutics with high effectiveness and mutation resistance are needed. Previously, we described the generation of a fully human influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2) specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), Z3G1, which recognized the majority of M2 variants from natural viral isolates, including highly pathogenic avian strains. Passive immunotherapy with Z3G1 significantly protected mice from the infection when administered either prophylactically or 1-2days post infection. In the present study, we showed that Z3G1 significantly protected mice from lethal infection when treatment was initiated 3days post infection. In addition, therapeutic administration of Z3G1 reduced lung viral titers in mice infected with different viral strains, including amantadine and oseltamivir-resistant strains. Furthermore, prophylactic and therapeutic administration of Z3G1 sustained O2 saturation and reduced lung pathology in monkeys infected with a pandemic H1N1 strain. Finally, de-fucosylated Z3G1 with an IgG1/IgG3 chimeric Fc region was generated (AccretaMab® Z3G1), and showed increased ADCC and CDC in vitro. Our data suggest that the anti-M2 mAb Z3G1 has great potential as a novel anti-flu therapeutic agent.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza A virus/drug effects
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Macaca
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Song
- Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, California, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kensuke Myojo
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - John Laudenslager
- Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, California, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Toru Miura
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Rachel Soloff
- Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, California, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kinya Ohgami
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kanda
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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van Roosmalen IAM, Quax WJ, Kruyt FAE. Two death-inducing human TRAIL receptors to target in cancer: similar or distinct regulation and function? Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:447-56. [PMID: 25150214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence during evolution of two tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, receptor-1/DR4 and -2/DR5, able to induce apoptosis has raised the question whether they differ in function and regulation, which is of key importance for selecting either DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agents for cancer treatment. In this review we found practically no information regarding possible differences in DR4 and DR5 function based on structural differences. On the other hand, a panel of different DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agonists have been developed that were explored for efficacy in different tumour types in a large number of studies. Leukemic cells appear mainly sensitive for DR4-induced apoptosis, contrasting the situation in other tumour types that show heterogeneity in receptor preference and, in some cases, a slight overall preference for DR5. Both receptors were found to mediate intracellular stress-induced apoptosis, although this is most frequently reported for DR5. Interestingly, DR5 was also found to transmit non-apoptotic signalling in resistant tumour cells and recently nuclear localization and a role in microRNA maturation has been described. DR4 expression is most heavily regulated by promoter methylation, intracellular trafficking and post-translational modifications. DR5 expression is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level, which may reflect its ability to respond to cellular stressors. It will be important to further increase our understanding of the mechanisms determining TRAIL receptor preference in order to select the appropriate TRAIL receptor selective agonists for therapy, and to develop novel strategies to enhance apoptosis activation in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A M van Roosmalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Koehler BC, Jäger D, Schulze-Bergkamen H. Targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer: Current strategies and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1923-1934. [PMID: 24587670 PMCID: PMC3934462 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i8.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evasion from controlled cell death induction has been considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Defects in cell death signaling are a fundamental phenomenon in colorectal cancer. Nearly any non-invasive cancer treatment finally aims to induce cell death. However, apoptosis resistance is the major cause for insufficient therapeutic success and disease relapse in gastrointestinal oncology. Various compounds have been developed and evaluated with the aim to meet with this obstacle by triggering cell death in cancer cells. The aim of this review is to illustrate current approaches and future directions in targeting cell death signaling in colorectal cancer. The complex signaling network of apoptosis will be demonstrated and the “druggability” of targets will be identified. In detail, proteins regulating mitochondrial cell death in colorectal cancer, such as Bcl-2 and survivin, will be discussed with respect to potential therapeutic exploitation. Death receptor signaling and targeting in colorectal cancer will be outlined. Encouraging clinical trials including cell death based targeted therapies for colorectal cancer are under way and will be demonstrated. Our conceptual understanding of cell death in cancer is rapidly emerging and new types of controlled cellular death have been identified. To meet this progress in cell death research, the implication of autophagy and necroptosis for colorectal carcinogenesis and therapeutic approaches will also be depicted. The main focus of this topic highlight will be on the revelation of the complex cell death concepts in colorectal cancer and the bridging from basic research to clinical use.
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Chao DT, Su M, Tanlimco S, Sho M, Choi D, Fox M, Ye S, Hsi ED, Durkin L, Yin J, Zhang Y, Kim H, Starling GC, Culp PA. Expression of TweakR in breast cancer and preclinical activity of enavatuzumab, a humanized anti-TweakR mAb. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 139:315-25. [PMID: 23073510 PMCID: PMC3549414 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The receptor for the cytokine TWEAK (TweakR) is a cell surface member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with diverse biological roles. TNFRSF family members are appealing therapeutic targets in oncology due to their aberrant expression and function in tumor cells. The goal of the current study was to examine the potential of TweakR as a therapeutic target in breast cancer. Methods Expression of TweakR in primary breast cancer tissues and metastases was characterized using immunohistochemistry. To determine the functional relevance of TweakR, breast cancer cell lines were treated in vitro and in vivo with enavatuzumab, a humanized mAb against TweakR. Results Overexpression of TweakR was observed in infiltrating tumors compared to normal adjacent breast tissues, and strong staining of TweakR was observed in all subtypes of invasive ductal breast cancer. In addition, a positive correlation of TweakR and HER2 expression and co-localization were observed, irrespective of ER status. TweakR expression was also observed in bone metastasis samples from primary breast cancer but rarely in benign tumors. Enavatuzumab inhibited the in vitro growth of TweakR-expressing breast cancer cell lines, and this activity was augmented by cross-linking the mAb. In addition, enavatuzumab significantly inhibited the in vivo growth of multiple breast cancer xenograft models including a model of metastasis. Conclusions TweakR is highly expressed in all subtypes of invasive ductal breast cancer, and enavatuzumab administration exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of primary tumor growth and lung metastasis and enhanced the antitumor activity of several chemotherapy agents currently used to treat breast cancer. These data provide the rationale to evaluate enavatuzumab as a potential therapy for the treatment of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00432-012-1332-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra T Chao
- Discovery, GPRD, Abbott Biotherapeutics, 1500 Seaport Blvd, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
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Kimberley FC, van der Sloot AM, Guadagnoli M, Cameron K, Schneider P, Marquart JA, Versloot M, Serrano L, Medema JP. The design and characterization of receptor-selective APRIL variants. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:37434-46. [PMID: 22961987 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.406090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a member of the TNF ligand superfamily with an important role in humoral immunity, is also implicated in several cancers as a prosurvival factor. APRIL binds two different TNF receptors, B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and cylclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), and also interacts independently with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Because APRIL shares binding of the TNF receptors with B cell activation factor, separating the precise signaling pathways activated by either ligand in a given context has proven quite difficult. In this study, we have used the protein design algorithm FoldX to successfully generate a BCMA-specific variant of APRIL, APRIL-R206E, and two TACI-selective variants, D132F and D132Y. These APRIL variants show selective activity toward their receptors in several in vitro assays. Moreover, we have used these ligands to show that BCMA and TACI have a distinct role in APRIL-induced B cell stimulation. We conclude that these ligands are useful tools for studying APRIL biology in the context of individual receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Kimberley
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 A2, The Netherlands
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36
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Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Shi J, Liu S, Liu Y, Zheng D. A novel anti-DR5 chimeric antibody and epirubicin synergistically suppress tumor growth. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:757-65. [PMID: 22815059 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells. TRAIL receptor 2 (DR5) expression is high in tumor cells, transformed cells, and clinical tumor specimens and is low in most normal cells and tissues; therefore, DR5 is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this study, HMCAZ5, a novel mouse-human chimeric antibody based on AD5-10, was generated and stably expressed in CHO-dhfr(-) cells. Highly purified HMCAZ5 exhibits a high affinity for the receptor that is equal to the parental mouse antibody, induces apoptosis in various cancer cells but not in normal hepatocytes, and elicits both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity in various human cancer cells. The anthracycline anticancer drug epirubicin (EPB) synergizes the cytotoxicity of HMCAZ5 in cancer cells by upregulating DR5 expression on the cell surfaces, enhancing p53 expression, Bid cleavage, and JNK phosphorylation and downregulating c-FLIP expression and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, HMCAZ5 alone suppresses tumor growth, and EPB augments the tumoricidal activity in human colorectal and hepatocellular tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. These data suggest that the anti-DR5 chimeric antibody HMCAZ5 may have a clinical use and represents a useful immunological strategy, in combination with chemotherapy, for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Qiu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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37
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Ding B, Wu X, Fan W, Wu Z, Gao J, Zhang W, Ma L, Xiang W, Zhu Q, Liu J, Ding X, Gao S. Anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody-mediated DTIC-loaded nanoparticles combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy for malignant melanoma: target formulation development and in vitro anticancer activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:1991-2005. [PMID: 21976975 PMCID: PMC3181059 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased incidence of malignant melanoma in recent decades, along with its high mortality rate and pronounced resistance to therapy pose an enormous challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, are urgently needed for melanoma. In this study, a new active targeting drug delivery system was constructed to combine chemotherapy and active specific immunotherapy. Methods The chemotherapeutic drug, dacarbazine (DTIC), that induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway which typically responds to severe DNA damage, was used as a model drug to prepare DTIC-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs), which were covalently conjugated to a highly specific targeting functional TRAIL-receptor 2 (DR5) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can contribute directly to cancer cell apoptosis or growth inhibition through the extrinsic pathway. Results Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that DTIC-PLA-DR5 mAb nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb) are an active targeting drug delivery system which can specifically target DR5-overexpressing malignant melanoma cells and become efficiently internalized. Most strikingly, compared with conventional DTIC-NPs, DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and increased cell apoptosis in DR5-positive malignant melanoma cells. Conclusion The DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb described in this paper might be a potential formulation for targeting chemotherapy and immunotherapy to DR5-overexpressing metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
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38
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Leveraging image cytometry for the development of clinically feasible biomarkers: evaluation of activated caspase-3 in fine needle aspirate biopsies. Methods Cell Biol 2011. [PMID: 21704844 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374912-3.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Quantitation of activated caspases in xenograft models by laser scanning cytometry has demonstrated mechanism-specific biological activity of Anti-Trail Receptor immunoglobulin therapies in situ. These preclinical data confirmed that caspase activation is an early event that precedes tumor regression. To apply this platform for clinical monitoring of caspase activation using fine needle aspirate (FNA) biopsies, additional assay feasibility and validation experiments need be addressed. Furthermore, important instrument parameters should be considered including the maintenance and operation of the cytometer in a controlled state to ensure aspects like data traceability, reliability, and integrity. In the present chapter we describe a method to evaluate caspase activation in Colo205 cells and fine needle aspirate tumors by slide-based, laser scanning cytometry. This approach can be applied to cell cultures, preclinical and clinical fine needle aspirate material.
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Argiris K, Panethymitaki C, Tavassoli M. Naturally occurring, tumor-specific, therapeutic proteins. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:524-36. [PMID: 21521711 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging approach to cancer treatment known as targeted therapies offers hope in improving the treatment of therapy-resistant cancers. Recent understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cancer has led to the development of targeted novel drugs such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, mimetics, antisense and small interference RNA-based strategies, among others. These compounds act on specific targets that are believed to contribute to the development and progression of cancers and resistance of tumors to conventional therapies. Delivered individually or combined with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, such novel drugs have produced significant responses in certain types of cancer. Among the most successful novel compounds are those which target tyrosine kinases (imatinib, trastuzumab, sinutinib, cetuximab). However, these compounds can cause severe side-effects as they inhibit pathways such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or platelet-derived growth factor receptor, which are also important for normal functions in non-transformed cells. Recently, a number of proteins have been identified which show a remarkable tumor-specific cytotoxic activity. This toxicity is independent of tumor type or specific genetic changes such as p53, pRB or EGFR aberrations. These tumor-specific killer proteins are either derived from common human and animal viruses such as E1A, E4ORF4 and VP3 (apoptin) or of cellular origin, such as TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and MDA-7 (melanoma differentiation associated-7). This review aims to present a current overview of a selection of these proteins with preferential toxicity among cancer cells and will provide an insight into the possible mechanism of action, tumor specificity and their potential as novel tumor-specific cancer therapeutics.
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40
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Kedinger V, Muller S, Gronemeyer H. Targeted expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand TRAIL in skin protects mice against chemical carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:34. [PMID: 21463519 PMCID: PMC3078898 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene ablation studies have revealed that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL, Apo2L, TNFSF10) plays a crucial role in tumor surveillance, as TRAIL-deficient mice exhibit an increased sensitivity to different types of tumorigenesis. In contrast, possible tumor-protective effect of increased levels of endogenous TRAIL expression in vivo has not been assessed yet. Such models will provide important information about the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies and potential toxicity in specific tissues. Methods To this aim, we engineered transgenic mice selectively expressing TRAIL in the skin and subjected these mice to a two-step chemical carcinogenesis protocol that generated benign and preneoplastic lesions. We were therefore able to study the effect of increased TRAIL expression at the early steps of skin tumorigenesis. Results Our results showed a delay of tumor appearance in TRAIL expressing mice compared to their wild-type littermates. More importantly, the number of tumors observed in transgenic animals was significantly lower than in the control animals, and the lesions observed were mostly benign. Interestingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling differed between tumors of wild-type and TRAIL transgenics. Conclusion Altogether, these data reveal that, at least in this model, TRAIL is able on its own to act on pre-transformed cells, and reduce their tumorigenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Kedinger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institut Génétique de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), France
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41
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Martin BP, Frew AJ, Bots M, Fox S, Long F, Takeda K, Yagita H, Atadja P, Smyth MJ, Johnstone RW. Antitumor activities and on-target toxicities mediated by a TRAIL receptor agonist following cotreatment with panobinostat. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:2735-47. [PMID: 20715169 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of novel targeted anticancer therapeutics such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and activators of the TRAIL pathway provide opportunities for the introduction of new treatment regimens in oncology. HDACi and recombinant TRAIL or agonistic anti-TRAIL receptor antibodies have been shown to induce synergistic tumor cell apoptosis and some therapeutic activity in vivo. Herein, we have used syngeneic preclinical models of human solid cancers to demonstrate that the HDACi panobinostat can sensitize tumor cells to apoptosis mediated by the anti-mouse TRAIL receptor antibody MD5-1. We demonstrate that the combination of panobinostat and MD5-1 can eradicate tumors grown subcutaneously and orthotopically in immunocompetent mice, while single agent treatment has minimal effect. However, escalation of the dose of panobinostat to enhance antitumor activity resulted in on-target MD5-1-mediated gastrointestinal toxicities that were fatal to the treated mice. Studies performed in mice with knockout of the TRAIL receptor showed that these mice could tolerate doses of the panobinostat/MD5-1 combination that were lethal in wild type mice resulting in superior tumor clearance. Given that clinical studies using HDACi and activators of the TRAIL pathway have been initiated, our preclinical data highlight the potential toxicities that could limit the use of such a treatment regimen. Our studies also demonstrate the power of using syngeneic in vivo tumor models as physiologically relevant preclinical systems to test the antitumor effects and identify potential side effects of novel anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Martin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Stadel D, Mohr A, Ref C, MacFarlane M, Zhou S, Humphreys R, Bachem M, Cohen G, Möller P, Zwacka RM, Debatin KM, Fulda S. TRAIL-induced apoptosis is preferentially mediated via TRAIL receptor 1 in pancreatic carcinoma cells and profoundly enhanced by XIAP inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5734-49. [PMID: 20940278 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that small molecule X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) inhibitors synergize with soluble TRAIL to trigger apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Because cancers may preferentially signal via 1 of the 2 agonistic TRAIL receptors, we investigated these receptors as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer in the present study. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined TRAIL receptor expression and cytotoxicity of specific monoclonal antibodies to TRAIL-R1 (HGS-ETR1, mapatumumab) or TRAIL-R2 (HGS-ETR2, lexatumumab) and of TRAIL receptor selective mutants alone and in combination with small molecule XIAP inhibitors in pancreatic cancer cell lines, in primary specimens, and in a xenotransplant model in vivo. RESULTS The majority of primary pancreatic carcinoma samples and all cell lines express one or both agonistic TRAIL receptors. Nine of 13 cell lines are more sensitive to mapatumumab-induced apoptosis, whereas lexatumumab requires cross-linking for maximal activity. Similarly, TRAIL-R1 selective mutants display higher cytotoxicity than TRAIL-R2 selective mutants. Small molecule XIAP inhibitors preferentially act in concert with mapatumumab to trigger caspase activation, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and suppress clonogenic survival. Also, primary cultured pancreatic carcinoma cells are more susceptible to mapatumumab than lexatumumab, which is significantly enhanced by a XIAP inhibitor. Importantly, combined treatment with mapatumumab and a XIAP inhibitor cooperates to suppress tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Mapatumumab exerts antitumor activity, especially in combination with XIAP inhibitors against most pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, whereas lexatumumab requires cross-linking for optimal cytotoxicity. These findings have important implications for the design of TRAIL-based protocols for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Stadel
- University Children's Hospital, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Pavet V, Portal MM, Moulin JC, Herbrecht R, Gronemeyer H. Towards novel paradigms for cancer therapy. Oncogene 2010; 30:1-20. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fox NL, Humphreys R, Luster TA, Klein J, Gallant G. Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) Receptor-1 and Receptor-2 agonists for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1-18. [PMID: 19857186 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903319656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Agents that activate the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, have attracted substantial attention and investment as potential anti-cancer therapies. Preclinical studies of TRAIL-R agonists indicate that they may be efficacious in a wide range of tumor types, especially when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The rationale for clinical development of TRAIL-R agonists is described, including the basis for combining these agents with other agents that modulate the 'checks and balances' of the apoptotic pathways. Accruing data that highlight differences between TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 that could affect the clinical significance of their specific agonists are described. The clinical experience to date with each of the agonists is summarized. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an understanding of the rationale for the clinical development of TRAIL-R agonists, as well as the current status of clinical trials of these interesting new agents. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Ongoing clinical trials will provide important information regarding the future development of TRAIL-R agonists.
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Nagane M, Shimizu S, Mori E, Kataoka S, Shiokawa Y. Predominant antitumor effects by fully human anti-TRAIL-receptor 2 (DR5) monoclonal antibodies in human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:687-700. [PMID: 20511188 PMCID: PMC2940669 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nop069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2 L) preferentially induces apoptosis in human tumor cells through its cognate death receptors DR4 or DR5, thereby being investigated as a potential agent for cancer therapy. Here, we applied fully human anti-human TRAIL receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to specifically target one of death receptors for TRAIL in human glioma cells, which could also reduce potential TRAIL-induced toxicity in humans. Twelve human glioma cell lines treated with several fully human anti-human TRAIL receptor mAbs were sensitive to only anti-DR5 mAbs, whereas they were totally insensitive to anti-DR4 mAb. Treatment with anti-DR5 mAbs exerted rapid cytotoxicity and lead to apoptosis induction. The cellular sensitivity was closely associated with cell-surface expression of DR5. Expression of c-FLIP(L), Akt, and Cyclin D1 significantly correlated with sensitivity to anti-DR5 mAbs. Primary cultures of glioma cells were also relatively resistant to anti-DR5 mAbs, exhibiting both lower DR5 and higher c-FLIP(L) expression. Downregulation of c-FLIP(L) expression resulted in the sensitization of human glioma cells to anti-DR5 mAbs, whereas overexpression of c-FLIP(L) conferred resistance to anti-DR5 mAb. Treatment of tumor-burden nude mice with the direct agonist anti-DR5 mAb KMTR2 significantly suppressed growth of subcutaneous glioma xenografts leading to complete regression. Similarly, treatment of nude mice bearing intracerebral glioma xenografts with KMTR2 significantly elongated lifespan without tumor recurrence. These results suggest that DR5 is the predominant TRAIL receptor mediating apoptotic signals in human glioma cells, and sensitivity to anti-DR5 mAbs was determined at least in part by the expression level of c-FLIP(L) and Akt. Specific targeting of death receptor pathway through DR5 using fully human mAbs might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intractable malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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Cheung TC, Coppieters K, Sanjo H, Oborne LM, Norris PS, Coddington A, Granger SW, Elewaut D, Ware CF. Polymorphic variants of LIGHT (TNF superfamily-14) alter receptor avidity and bioavailability. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:1949-58. [PMID: 20592286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The TNF superfamily member homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT) [TNF superfamily (SF)-14], is a key cytokine that activates T cells and dendritic cells and is implicated as a mediator of inflammatory, metabolic, and malignant diseases. LIGHT engages the lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) and HVEM (TNFRSF14), but is competitively limited in activating these receptors by soluble decoy receptor-3 (DcR3; TNFRSF6B). Two variants in the human LIGHT alter the protein at E214K (rs344560) in the receptor-binding domain and S32L (rs2291667) in the cytosolic domain; however, the functional impact of these polymorphisms is unknown. A neutralizing Ab failed to bind the LIGHT-214K variant, indicating this position as a part of the receptor-binding region. Relative to the predominant reference variant S32/E214, the other variants showed altered avidity with LTbetaR and less with HVEM. Heterotrimers of the LIGHT variants decreased binding avidity to DcR3 and minimized the inhibitory effect of DcR3 toward LTbetaR-induced activation of NF-kappaB. In patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, DcR3 protein levels were significantly elevated. Immunohistochemistry revealed synoviocytes as a significant source of DcR3 production, and DcR3 hyperexpression is controlled by posttranscriptional mechanisms. The increased potential for LTbetaR signaling, coupled with increased bioavailability due to lower DcR3 avidity, provides a mechanism of how polymorphic variants in LIGHT could contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cheung
- Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Wiezorek J, Holland P, Graves J. Death receptor agonists as a targeted therapy for cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1701-8. [PMID: 20197482 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is integral to normal, physiologic processes that regulate cell number and results in the removal of unnecessary or damaged cells. Apoptosis is frequently dysregulated in human cancers, and recent advancements in our understanding of the regulation of programmed cell death pathways has led to the development of novel agents to reactivate apoptosis in malignant cells. The activation of cell surface death receptors by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) and death receptor agonists represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to promote apoptosis of tumor cells through the activation of the extrinsic pathway. The observation that Apo2L/TRAIL can eliminate tumor cells preferentially over normal cells has resulted in several potential therapeutics that exploit the extrinsic pathway, in particular, the soluble recombinant human (rh)Apo2L/TRAIL protein and agonist monoclonal antibodies that target death receptors 4 or 5. Many of these agents are currently being evaluated in phase 1 or 2 trials, either as a single agent or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy or other targeted agents. The opportunities and challenges associated with the development of death receptor agonists as cancer therapeutics, the status of ongoing clinical evaluations, and the progress toward identifying predictive biomarkers for patient selection and pharmacodynamic markers of response are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Wiezorek
- Department of Global Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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Pavet V, Beyrath J, Pardin C, Morizot A, Lechner MC, Briand JP, Wendland M, Maison W, Fournel S, Micheau O, Guichard G, Gronemeyer H. Multivalent DR5 Peptides Activate the TRAIL Death Pathway and Exert Tumoricidal Activity. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1101-10. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dobson CL, Main S, Newton P, Chodorge M, Cadwallader K, Humphreys R, Albert V, Vaughan TJ, Minter RR, Edwards BM. Human monomeric antibody fragments to TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 that display potent in vitro agonism. MAbs 2009; 1:552-62. [PMID: 20068388 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.1.6.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis through the TRAIL receptor pathway can be induced via agonistic IgG to either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. Here we describe the use of phage display to isolate a substantive panel of fully human anti-TRAIL receptor single chain Fv fragments (scFvs); 234 and 269 different scFvs specific for TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 respectively. In addition, 134 different scFvs that were cross-reactive for both receptors were isolated. To facilitate screening of all 637 scFvs for potential agonistic activity in vitro, a novel high-throughput surrogate apoptosis assay was developed. Ten TRAIL-R1 specific scFv and 6 TRAIL-R2 specific scFv were shown to inhibit growth of tumor cells in vitro in the absence of any cross-linking agents. These scFv were all highly specific for either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2, potently inhibited tumor cell proliferation, and were antagonists of TRAIL binding. Moreover, further characterization of TRAIL-R1 agonistic scFv demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity when expressed and purified as a monomeric Fab fragment. Thus, scFv and Fab fragments, in addition to whole IgG, can be agonistic and induce tumor cell death through specific binding to either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. These potent agonistic scFv were all isolated directly from the starting phage antibody library and demonstrated significant tumor cell killing properties without any requirement for affinity maturation. Some of these selected scFv have been converted to IgG format and are being studied extensively in clinical trials to investigate their potential utility as human monoclonal antibody therapeutics for the treatment of human cancer.
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Marini P, Junginger D, Stickl S, Budach W, Niyazi M, Belka C. Combined treatment with lexatumumab and irradiation leads to strongly increased long term tumour control under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Radiat Oncol 2009; 4:49. [PMID: 19860913 PMCID: PMC2772841 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-4-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The combination of ionizing radiation with the pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptor antibody lexatumumab has been shown to exert considerable synergistic apoptotic effects in vitro and in short term growth delay assays. To clarify the relevance of these effects on local tumour control long-term experiments using a colorectal xenograft model were conducted. Materials and methods Colo205-xenograft bearing NMRI (nu/nu) nude mice were treated with fractionated irradiation (5× 3 Gy, d1-5) and lexatumumab (0.75 mg/kg, d1, 4 and 8). The tumour bearing hind limbs were irradiated with graded single top up doses at d8 under normoxic (ambient) and acute hypoxic (clamped) conditions. Experimental animals were observed for 270 days. Growth delay and local tumour control were end points of the study. Statistical analysis of the experiments included evaluation of tumour regrowth and local tumour control. Results Combined treatment with irradiation and lexatumumab led to a pronounced tumour regrowth-delay when compared to irradiation alone. The here presented long-term experiments revealed a highly significant rise of local tumour control for normoxic (ambient) (p = 0. 000006) and hypoxic treatment (p = 0. 000030). Conclusion Our data show that a combination of the pro-apoptotic antibody lexatumumab with irradiation reduces tumour regrowth and leads to a highly increased local tumour control in a nude mouse model. This substantial effect was observed under ambient and more pronounced under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Marini
- CCC Tübingen, Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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