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Debouki-Joudi S, Ben Kridis W, Trifa F, Ayadi W, Khabir A, Sellami-Boudawara T, Daoud J, Khanfir A, Mokdad-Gargouri R. A novel PIK3CA hot-spot mutation in breast cancer patients detected by HRM-COLD-PCR analysis. Breast Dis 2024; 43:213-221. [PMID: 38943378 DOI: 10.3233/bd-240005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PI3K protein is involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Deregulation of this pathway through PIK3CA mutation is common in various tumors. The aim of this work is to identify hotspot mutation at exons 9 and 20 in Tunisian patients with sporadic or hereditary breast cancer. METHODS Hotspot mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene were identified by QPCR-High Resolution Melting followed by COLD-PCR and sequencing in 63 (42 sporadic cases and 21 hereditary cases) tumor tissues collected from Tunisian patient with breast cancer. MCF7, and BT20 breast cancer cell lines harboring the PIK3CA hotspot mutations E545K and H1047R in exon 9 and exon 20 respectively, were used as controls in HRM experiments. RESULTS PIK3CA hotspot mutations were detected in 66.7% (28 out of 42) of sporadic BC cases, and in 14.3% (3 out of 21) of hereditary BC. The E545K and the H1048Y were the most prevalent mutations identified in patients with sporadic and hereditary BC, whereas the H1047R hotspot mutation was not found in our patients. Statistical analysis showed that PIK3CA mutation associated with an aggressive behavior in patients with sporadic BC, while it's correlated with age, tumor stage and tumor size in the group patients with hereditary breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a novel PIK3CA hotspot mutation in Tunisian breast cancer patients detected by HRM-COLD-PCR. Moreover, the absence of PIK3CA hotspot mutation associated with good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoussen Debouki-Joudi
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wala Ben Kridis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Trifa
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wajdi Ayadi
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Khabir
- Department of Anatomopathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Sellami-Boudawara
- Department of Anatomopathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Daoud
- Department of Radiotherapy, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afef Khanfir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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MiR-337-3p suppresses proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer by targeting PIK3CA and PIK3CB. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:54-67. [PMID: 31629932 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is responsible for nearly 140,000 deaths worldwide each year. MicroRNAs play critical roles in cancer development and progression. The function of microRNA miR-337-3p has been described in various cancers. However, the biological role of miR-337-3p and its molecular mechanisms underlying EOC initiation and progression have not been reported. Here, we reported that the expression of miR-337-3p is down-regulated in EOC tissues and low expression of miR-337-3p is correlated with advanced pathological grade for patients. Ectopic expression of miR-337-3p inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase of EOC cells. PIK3CA and PIK3CB were revealed to be direct targets of miR-337-3p for reducing the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PIK3CA and PIK3CB were discovered to affect cell proliferation of EOC cells in combination, and only when overexpressed simultaneously in miR-337-3p-expressing cells, could fully restore cell proliferation. In vivo investigation confirmed that miR-337-3p is a tumor suppressor that control expression of PIK3CA and PIK3CB encoded protein: p110α and p110β. Altogether, our results demonstrate that miR-337-3p is a tumor suppressor in EOC that inhibits the expression of PIK3CA and PIK3CB.
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Song J, Lee C, An H, Yoo S, Kang HC, Lee JY, Kim KD, Kim DJ, Lee HS, Cho Y. Magnolin targeting of ERK1/2 inhibits cell proliferation and colony growth by induction of cellular senescence in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:88-101. [PMID: 30230030 PMCID: PMC6585859 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ras/Raf/MEKs/ERKs and PI3 K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways have key roles in cancer development and growth processes, as well as in cancer malignance and chemoresistance. In this study, we screened the therapeutic potential of magnolin using 15 human cancer cell lines and combined magnolin sensitivity with the CCLE mutaome analysis for relevant mutation information. The results showed that magnolin efficacy on cell proliferation inhibition were lower in TOV-112D ovarian cancer cells than that in SKOV3 cells by G1 and G2/M cell cycle phase accumulation. Notably, magnolin suppressed colony growth of TOV-112D cells in soft agar, whereas colony growth of SKOV3 cells in soft agar was not affected by magnolin treatment. Interestingly, phospho-protein profiles in the MAPK and PI3 K signaling pathways indicated that SKOV3 cells showed marked increase of Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473 and very weak ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels by EGF stimulation. The phospho-protein profiles in TOV-112D cells were the opposite of those of SKOV3 cells. Importantly, magnolin treatment suppressed phosphorylation of RSKs in TOV-112D, but not in SKOV3 cells. Moreover, magnolin increased SA-β-galactosidase-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner in TOV-112D cells, but not in SKOV3 cells. Notably, oral administration of Shin-Yi fraction 1, which contained magnolin approximately 53%, suppressed TOV-112D cell growth in athymic nude mice by induction of p16Ink4a and p27Kip1 . Taken together, targeting of ERK1 and ERK2 is suitable for the treatment of ovarian cancer cells that do not harbor the constitutive active P13 K mutation and the loss-of-function mutations of the p16 and/or p53 tumor suppressor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Hong Song
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Cheol‐Jung Lee
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Hyun‐Jung An
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Sun‐Mi Yoo
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Han C. Kang
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Joo Y. Lee
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Kwang D. Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus)PMBBRCGyeongsang National UniversityJinju‐daero, Jinju‐siGyeongsangnam‐doKorea
| | - Dae J. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexas
| | - Hye S. Lee
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Yong‐Yeon Cho
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBK21 PLUS Team & BRLCollege of PharmacyThe Catholic University of KoreaWonmi‐gu, Bucheon‐siGyeonggi‐doKorea
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Molecular Profiling Reveals a Clonal Relationship Between Ovarian Mucinous Tumors and Corresponding Mural Carcinomatous Nodules. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:1261-1266. [PMID: 28498287 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Benign or malignant mural nodules rarely occur in mucinous tumors (MTs) of the ovary and malignant nodules can show mesenchymal or epithelial differentiation. The histogenesis of mural nodules is unclear and it has been suggested that these may evolve through divergent differentiation of the mucinous neoplasm or alternatively represent a collision phenomenon. To test these possibilities we compared the molecular profile of 7 ovarian MTs with their matched mural carcinomatous nodules (MCNs) by next-generation sequencing. We found identical KRAS mutations in paired MTs and MCNs in 6 cases, one of which also showed identical CDH1 mutations in both components. In 1 tumor a KRAS mutation was detected in the mucinous neoplasm but not in the MCN; however, identical p53 mutations were present in both tumor elements. Unpaired p53 and PTEN mutations were detected only in the MCN in 2 cases, while mutations in p53 and PIK3CA genes were observed only in the MT in 2 cases. The overall comparative genomic profile was consistent with the neoplastic nature of the MCNs and strongly supported their clonal relationship with the more differentiated mucinous neoplasms. MCNs possibly develop through the acquisition of additional genomic alterations, such as p53 and PTEN mutations, resulting in an anaplastic morphologic phenotype. Our findings also suggest that ovarian MTs with MCNs often arise in KRAS mutant neoplasms. However, mutations in other genes such as PIK3CA and CDH1 may play a role in the neoplastic evolution of a subset of these tumors.
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Exome Sequencing Landscape Analysis in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma Shed Light on Key Chromosomal Regions and Mutation Gene Networks. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2246-2258. [PMID: 28888422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported genome-wide mutation profile analyses in ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs). This study aims to identify specific novel molecular alterations by combined analyses of somatic mutation and copy number variation. We performed whole exome sequencing of 39 OCCC samples with 16 matching blood tissue samples. Four hundred twenty-six genes had recurrent somatic mutations. Among the 39 samples, ARID1A (62%) and PIK3CA (51%) were frequently mutated, as were genes such as KRAS (10%), PPP2R1A (10%), and PTEN (5%), that have been reported in previous OCCC studies. We also detected mutations in MLL3 (15%), ARID1B (10%), and PIK3R1 (8%), which are associations not previously reported. Gene interaction analysis and functional assessment revealed that mutated genes were clustered into groups pertaining to chromatin remodeling, cell proliferation, DNA repair and cell cycle checkpointing, and cytoskeletal organization. Copy number variation analysis identified frequent amplification in chr8q (64%), chr20q (54%), and chr17q (46%) loci as well as deletion in chr19p (41%), chr13q (28%), chr9q (21%), and chr18q (21%) loci. Integration of the analyses uncovered that frequently mutated or amplified/deleted genes were involved in the KRAS/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (82%) and MYC/retinoblastoma (75%) pathways as well as the critical chromatin remodeling complex switch/sucrose nonfermentable (85%). The individual and integrated analyses contribute details about the OCCC genomic landscape, which could lead to enhanced diagnostics and therapeutic options.
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Tran TN, Brettingham-Moore K, Duong CP, Mitchell C, Clemons NJ, Phillips WA. Molecular changes in the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are common in gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:113-20. [PMID: 23813545 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is an important signalling pathway that is frequently activated in cancer cells. This has led to the emergence of PI3K inhibitors as potential new treatment modalities for many cancers. We have investigated the frequency of molecular changes in the PI3K pathway in gastric cancer. METHODS A series of sixty one human gastric cancer specimens and nine human gastric cancer cell lines were screened for PIK3CA mutations and copy number gain by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), respectively. PTEN protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Alterations in the PI3K pathway were found in 33 of 61 (54%) gastric tumours. PIK3CA mutation and copy number gain were detected in 3 (4.9%) and 8 (13.1%), respectively, of 61 gastric cancer samples while PTEN loss was detected in 24 (39%) of the tumours. Two tumours had both PTEN loss and PIK3CA copy number gain. There were no significant associations between these PI3K pathway changes and the clinical features of the tumours. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in the PI3K pathway are frequent in gastric tumours implicating this pathway as a legitimate therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang N Tran
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Devlin JR, Hannan KM, Ng PY, Bywater MJ, Shortt J, Cullinane C, McArthur GA, Johnstone RW, Hannan RD, Pearson RB. AKT signalling is required for ribosomal RNA synthesis and progression of Eμ-MycB-cell lymphomain vivo. FEBS J 2013; 280:5307-16. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Devlin
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Katherine M. Hannan
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Pui Y. Ng
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Megan J. Bywater
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Jake Shortt
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Medicine; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Ricky W. Johnstone
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Pathology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Ross D. Hannan
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld Australia
| | - Richard B. Pearson
- Division of Research; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Vic. Australia
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8
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Maeng CH, Lee J, van Hummelen P, Park SH, Palescandolo E, Jang J, Park HY, Kang SY, MacConaill L, Kim KM, Shim YM. High-throughput genotyping in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identifies phosphoinositide-3-kinase and BRAF mutations. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41655. [PMID: 22870241 PMCID: PMC3411721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the high incidence of metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, especially in Asia, we screened for the presence of somatic mutations using OncoMap platform with the aim of defining subsets of patients who may be potential candidate for targeted therapy. Methods and Materials We analyzed 87 tissue specimens obtained from 80 patients who were pathologically confirmed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and received 5-fluoropyrimidine/platinum-based chemotherapy. OncoMap 4.0, a mass-spectrometry based assay, was used to interrogate 471 oncogenic mutations in 41 commonly mutated genes. Tumor specimens were prepared from primary cancer sites in 70 patients and from metastatic sites in 17 patients. In order to test the concordance between primary and metastatic sites from the patient for mutations, we analyzed 7 paired (primary-metastatic) specimens. All specimens were formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues and tumor content was >70%. Results In total, we have detected 20 hotspot mutations out of 80 patients screened. The most frequent mutation was PIK3CA mutation (four E545K, five H1047R and one H1047L) (N = 10, 11.5%) followed by MLH1 V384D (N = 7, 8.0%), TP53 (R306, R175H and R273C) (N = 3, 3.5%), BRAF V600E (N = 1, 1.2%), CTNNB1 D32N (N = 1, 1.2%), and EGFR P733L (N = 1, 1.2%). Distributions of somatic mutations were not different according to anatomic sites of esophageal cancer (cervical/upper, mid, lower). In addition, there was no difference in frequency of mutations between primary-metastasis paired samples. Conclusions Our study led to the detection of potentially druggable mutations in esophageal SCC which may guide novel therapies in small subsets of esophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoon Maeng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul van Hummelen
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Emanuele Palescandolo
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Laura MacConaill
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Waldemarson S, Krogh M, Alaiya A, Kirik U, Schedvins K, Auer G, Hansson KM, Ossola R, Aebersold R, Lee H, Malmström J, James P. Protein expression changes in ovarian cancer during the transition from benign to malignant. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2876-89. [PMID: 22471520 DOI: 10.1021/pr201258q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma has in general a poor prognosis since the vast majority of tumors are genomically unstable and clinically highly aggressive. This results in rapid progression of malignancy potential while still asymptomatic and thus in late diagnosis. It is therefore of critical importance to develop methods to diagnose epithelial ovarian carcinoma at its earliest developmental stage, that is, to differentiate between benign tissue and its early malignant transformed counterparts. Here we present a shotgun quantitative proteomic screen of benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors using iTRAQ technology with LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF and LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS. Pathway analysis of the shotgun data pointed to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as a significant discriminatory pathway. Selected candidate proteins from the shotgun screen were further confirmed in 51 individual tissue samples of normal, benign, borderline or malignant origin using LC-MRM analysis. The MRM profile demonstrated significant differences between the four groups separating the normal tissue samples from all tumor groups as well as perfectly separating the benign and malignant tumors with a ROC-area of 1. This work demonstrates the utility of using a shotgun approach to filter out a signature of a few proteins only that discriminates between the different sample groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Waldemarson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, BMC D13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Kim JE, Stones C, Joseph WR, Leung E, Finlay GJ, Shelling AN, Phillips WA, Shepherd PR, Baguley BC. Comparison of growth factor signalling pathway utilisation in cultured normal melanocytes and melanoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:141. [PMID: 22475322 PMCID: PMC3352269 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K-PKB), mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK-ERK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR- p70S6K), are thought to regulate many aspects of tumour cell proliferation and survival. We have examined the utilisation of these three signalling pathways in a number of cell lines derived from patients with metastatic malignant melanoma of known PIK3CA, PTEN, NRAS and BRAF mutational status. METHODS Western blotting was used to compare the phosphorylation status of components of the PI3K-PKB, MEK-ERK and mTOR-p70S6K signalling pathways, as indices of pathway utilisation. RESULTS Normal melanocytes could not be distinguished from melanoma cells on the basis of pathway utilisation when grown in the presence of serum, but could be distinguished upon serum starvation, where signalling protein phosphorylation was generally abrogated. Surprisingly, the differential utilisation of individual pathways was not consistently associated with the presence of an oncogenic or tumour suppressor mutation of genes in these pathways. CONCLUSION Utilisation of the PI3K-PKB, MEK-ERK and mTOR-p70S6K signalling pathways in melanoma, as determined by phosphorylation of signalling components, varies widely across a series of cell lines, and does not directly reflect mutation of genes coding these components. The main difference between cultured normal melanocytes and melanoma cells is not the pathway utilisation itself, but rather in the serum dependence of pathway utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Private Bag 92019, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare Stones
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne R Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme J Finlay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Chan JC, Hannan KM, Riddell K, Ng PY, Peck A, Lee RS, Hung S, Astle MV, Bywater M, Wall M, Poortinga G, Jastrzebski K, Sheppard KE, Hemmings BA, Hall MN, Johnstone RW, McArthur GA, Hannan RD, Pearson RB. AKT promotes rRNA synthesis and cooperates with c-MYC to stimulate ribosome biogenesis in cancer. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra56. [PMID: 21878679 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of ribosome biogenesis is fundamental to maintain normal cell growth and proliferation, and accelerated ribosome biogenesis is associated with malignant transformation. Here, we show that the kinase AKT regulates ribosome biogenesis at multiple levels to promote ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. Transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I, which synthesizes rRNA, required continuous AKT-dependent signaling, an effect independent of AKT's role in activating the translation-promoting complex mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1). Sustained inhibition of AKT and mTORC1 cooperated to reduce rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis by additionally limiting RNA polymerase I loading and pre-rRNA processing. In the absence of growth factors, constitutively active AKT increased synthesis of rRNA, ribosome biogenesis, and cell growth. Furthermore, AKT cooperated with the transcription factor c-MYC to synergistically activate rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, defining a network involving AKT, mTORC1, and c-MYC as a master controller of cell growth. Maximal activation of c-MYC-dependent rRNA synthesis in lymphoma cells required AKT activity. Moreover, inhibition of AKT-dependent rRNA transcription was associated with increased lymphoma cell death by apoptosis. These data indicate that decreased ribosome biogenesis is likely to be a fundamental component of the therapeutic response to AKT inhibitors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Chan
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
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12
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Hannan KM, Sanij E, Hein N, Hannan RD, Pearson RB. Signaling to the ribosome in cancer--It is more than just mTORC1. IUBMB Life 2011; 63:79-85. [PMID: 21360636 DOI: 10.1002/iub.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that dysregulation of protein synthesis contributes to a range of diseases characterized by tissue overgrowth. These include arterial stenosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hamartomas, and cancer. The central hub for the regulation of protein synthesis is the ribosome, where the key signaling pathways downstream of RAS, MYC, and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) converge to confer exquisite, coordinated control of ribosome synthesis and function. Such cooperation ensures strict regulation of protein synthesis rates and cell growth. This review will focus on the role the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway plays in regulating ribosome function during both health and disease, its interaction with the other key growth regulatory pathways activated by RAS and MYC, and the therapeutic potential for targeting this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Hannan
- Growth Control and Differentiation Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, Wallin et al. have identified a subset of breast and ovarian cancer cell lines that show synergistic response to the combination of doxorubicin and GDC-0941, a class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Here, we discuss the potential implications of these data on the clinical development of PI3K pathway inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Myers
- Division of Women's Cancers, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Rho SB, Kim BR, Kang S. A gene signature-based approach identifies thioridazine as an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 120:121-7. [PMID: 21035837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thioridazine, a derivative of phenothiazine, has been reported to have antiproliferative activity on tumor cells. However, the mechanism has not been well defined. METHODS Using in-silico gene signature based approach, we have demonstrated that thioridazine could inhibit phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and thus exert cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS The Connectivity Map indicated that thioridazine induces gene signature similar to that of Akt inhibition. Moreover, preexisting inhibitors of PI3K/Akt pathway were also found to reveal similar signature. In SKOV-3 cells, immunoblot using p85 antibody showed that thioridazine could inhibit PI3K signal. In addition, thioridazine was found to inhibit p-Akt (Ser 473) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, thioridazine was found to decrease cell viability and induce apoptosis. Exposure to thioridazine induced G(0)/G(1) arrest and down-regulated the cell cycle regulator, Cyclin D1 and CDK4, and up-regulated p21, p16, and p-CDC25A. Finally, additive cytotoxicity was observed when cisplatin and thioridazine were treated simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicated that in-silico approach, such as Connectivity Map, is a potentially useful method to identify the unknown cellular function among the drugs already in use in clinic. Owing to the property of Akt inhibition and additive cytotoxicity observed with the platinum compound, further research should be focused on this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Gynecologic Cancer Research, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea
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15
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Huang WC, Hung MC. Induction of Akt activity by chemotherapy confers acquired resistance. J Formos Med Assoc 2009; 108:180-94. [PMID: 19293033 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure in human cancer. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the acquisition of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs involves the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Modulating Akt activity in response to chemotherapy has been observed often in chemoresistant cancers. The potential molecular mechanisms by which chemotherapeutic agents activate the PI3K/Akt pathway are emerging. Activation of this pathway evades the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents via regulation of essential cellular functions such as protein synthesis, antiapoptosis, survival and proliferation in cancer. How chemotherapeutic agents induce Akt activation and how activated Akt confers chemoresistance through regulation of signaling networks are discussed in this review. Combining PI3K/Akt inhibitors with standard chemotherapy has been successful in increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents both in vivo and in vitro. Several small molecules have been developed to specifically target PI3K/Akt and other components of this pathway, which in combination with chemotherapy may be a valid approach to overcome therapeutic resistance. We propose several feedback and feedforward regulatory mechanisms of signaling networks for maintenance of the Akt activity for cell survival. These regulatory mechanisms may limit the efficacy of PI3K/Akt-targeted therapy; therefore, disruption of these mechanisms may be an effective strategy for development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chien Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University and Hospital, and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Estep AL, Palmer C, McCormick F, Rauen KA. Mutation analysis of BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2 in 15 ovarian cancer cell lines: implications for therapy. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1279. [PMID: 18060073 PMCID: PMC2093994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among gynecologic cancers, ovarian cancer is the second most common and has the highest death rate. Cancer is a genetic disorder and arises due to the accumulation of somatic mutations in critical genes. An understanding of the genetic basis of ovarian cancer has implications both for early detection and for therapeutic intervention in this population of patients. Methodology/Principal Findings Fifteen ovarian cancer cell lines, commonly used for in vitro experiments, were screened for mutations using bidirectional direct sequencing in all coding regions of BRAF, MEK1 and MEK2. BRAF mutations were identified in four of the fifteen ovarian cancer cell lines studied. Together, these four cell lines contained four different BRAF mutations, two of which were novel. ES-2 had the common B-Raf p.V600E mutation in exon 15 and Hey contained an exon 11 missense mutation, p.G464E. The two novel B-Raf mutants identified were a 5 amino acid heterozygous deletion p.N486-P490del in OV90, and an exon 4 missense substitution p.Q201H in OVCAR 10. One of the cell lines, ES-2, contained a mutation in MEK1, specifically, a novel heterozygous missense substitution, p.D67N which resulted from a nt 199 G→A transition. None of the cell lines contained coding region mutations in MEK2. Functional characterization of the MEK1 mutant p.D67N by transient transfection with subsequent Western blot analysis demonstrated increased ERK phosphorylation as compared to controls. Conclusions/Significance In this study, we report novel BRAF mutations in exon 4 and exon 12 and also report the first mutation in MEK1 associated with human cancer. Functional data indicate the MEK1 mutation may confer alteration of activation through the MAPK pathway. The significance of these findings is that BRAF and MEK1/2 mutations may be more common than anticipated in ovarian cancer which could have important implications for treatment of patients with this disease and suggests potential new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Estep
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chana Palmer
- Canary Foundation, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Frank McCormick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Rauen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Nanjundan M, Nakayama Y, Cheng KW, Lahad J, Liu J, Lu K, Kuo WL, Smith-McCune K, Fishman D, Gray JW, Mills GB. Amplification of MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1, located in the 3q26.2 amplicon, is associated with favorable patient prognosis in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:3074-84. [PMID: 17409414 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased copy number involving chromosome 3q26 is a frequent and early event in cancers of the ovary, lung, head and neck, cervix, and BRCA1 positive and basal breast cancers. The p110alpha catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3KCA) and protein kinase Ciota (PKCiota) have previously been shown as functionally deregulated by 3q copy number increase. High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of 235 high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers using contiguous bacterial artificial chromosomes across 3q26 delineated an approximately 2 Mb-wide region at 3q26.2 encompassing PDCD10 to MYNN (chr3:168722613-170908630). Ecotropic viral integration site-1 (EVI1) and myelodysplastic syndrome 1 (MDS1) are located at the center of this region, and their DNA copy number increases are associated with at least 5-fold increased RNA transcript levels in 83% and 98% of advanced ovarian cancers, respectively. Moreover, MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1 protein levels are increased in ovarian cancers and cancer cell lines. EVI1 and MDS1/EVI1 gene products increased cell proliferation, migration, and decreased transforming growth factor-beta-mediated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter activity in ovarian epithelial cells. Intriguingly, the increases in EVI1 DNA copy number and MDS1/EVI1 transcripts are associated with improved patient outcomes, whereas EVI1 transcript levels are associated with a poor patient survival. Thus, the favorable patient prognosis associated with increased DNA copy number seems to be as a result of high-level expression of the fusion transcript MDS1/EVI1. Collectively, these studies suggest that MDS1/EVI1 and EVI1, previously implicated in acute myelogenous leukemia, contribute to the pathophysiology of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2007; 19:65-9. [PMID: 17133115 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328012d5fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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