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Cho YJ, Hwang I, Park S, Lee S, Kang SY, Kim MJ, Ahn S, Kim KM. Prognostic Effect of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Carcinomas measured by Digital Image Analysis. J Transl Med 2024:102071. [PMID: 38677591 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is characterized by prominent tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and has a favorable prognosis. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), characterized by ectopic aggregated lymphocytes with high endothelial venules (HEV), are associated with favorable outcomes in various solid tumors. We hypothesized that EBVaGC, characterized by intense TIL, may be closely associated with TLS or HEV. To test this hypothesis, we digitally analyzed the TLS, HEV, and TIL in 73 surgically resected advanced EBVaGCs. For HEV, dual MECA-79 and CD31 dual immunohistochemistry were performed, and the ectopic expression of MECA-79 in tumor cells was measured. In 73 patients with EBVaGC, a high TLS ratio was found in 29 (39.7%) cases, high tumor-associated HEV density in 44 (60.3%) cases, and high CD8+ TIL density in 38 (52.1%) cases. Ectopic tumor expression of MECA-79 was observed in 36 patients (49.3%) cases. A low TLS ratio and tumor-associated HEV density were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.005 and 0.042, respectively). Ectopic MECA-79 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.003). Patients with a low TLS ratio (p=0.038), low HEV density (p=0.042), and ectopic tumor MECA-79 expression (p=0.032) had significantly worse prognoses. In conclusion, the TLS ratio and HEV density affect the survival of patients with EBVaGC and may be related to the immune response that interrupts lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Joo Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suho Park
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Center for Companion Diagnostics, Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Biomedical Statistics Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Center for Companion Diagnostics, Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hwang I, Cho Y, Kang SY, Kim DG, Ahn S, Lee J, Kim KM. Comparative analysis of ARID1A mutations with mRNA levels and protein expression in gastric carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155063. [PMID: 38324965 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The ARID1A gene is pivotal in chromatin remodeling and genomic integrity and is frequently mutated in various cancer types. ARID1A mutation is the second most frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene and has been suggested as a predictor of immunotherapeutic responsiveness in gastric carcinoma (GC). Despite its significance, the relationship among ARID1A somatic mutations, RNA expression levels, and protein expression remains unclear, particularly in GC. For this purpose, we performed comparative study in two cohorts. Cohort 1 used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify 112 GC cases with ARID1A mutations. These cases were compared with ARID1A immunohistochemistry (IHC) results. Cohort 2 employed microarray gene expression data to assess ARID1A RNA levels and compare them with ARID1A IHC results. In Cohort 1, 38.4% of ARID1A-mutated GC exhibited a complete loss of ARID1A protein when assessed by IHC, whereas the remaining 61.6% displayed intact ARID1A. Discordance between NGS and IHC results was not associated with specific mutation sites, variant classifications, or variant allele frequencies. In Cohort 2, 24.1% of the patients demonstrated a loss of ARID1A protein, and there was no significant difference in mRNA levels between the ARID1A protein-intact and -loss groups. Our study revealed a substantial discrepancy between ARID1A mutations detected using NGS and protein expression assessed using IHC in GC. Moreover, ARID1A mRNA expression levels did not correlate well with protein expression. These findings highlighted the complexity of ARID1A expression in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunjoo Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Dias MKHM, Jayathilaka EHTT, Edirisinghe SL, Lim JW, Nikapitiya C, Kang SY, Whang I, De Zoysa M. In-vitro immunomodulatory responses and antiviral activities of antimicrobial peptide octominin against fish pathogenic viruses. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 142:109129. [PMID: 37777098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered a novel approach to stimulate fish antiviral mechanisms for defense against a broad range of viral infections by enhancing immunomodulatory activities. Octominin is an AMP derived from the defense proteins of Octopus minor. In this study, preliminary screening of octominin against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was carried out. Moreover, immune responses upon octominin treatment and IHNV challenge were investigated using fathead minnow (FHM) cells. The CC50s of octominin for FHM and Chinook salmon embryo-214 (CHSE-214) cells were 2146.2 and 1865.2 μg/mL, respectively. With octominin treatment, EC50 resulted in 732.8, 435.1, and 925.9 μg/mL for VHSV, IHNV, and IPNV, respectively. The selectivity indices were 2.9, 4.9, and 2.0, respectively. The transcriptional analysis results demonstrated the induced transcription factors (Irf3; 143-fold, Irf7; 105-fold, and NF-κB; 8-fold), stress response gene (HspB8; 2-fold), and apoptosis functional gene (p53; 3-fold) in octominin treated (500 μg/mL) FHM cells for 48 h. Moreover, IHNV viral copy number was slightly decreased with the octominin treatment (500 μg/mL) in FHM cells. Overall results suggest that octominin could be a potential antiviral agent, although further studies are necessary to understand its mode of action and the mechanism of its antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan Lakmal Edirisinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Lim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seochun-gun, Chungchungnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Lim JW, Seo JK, Jung SJ, Lee KY, Kang SY. An antiviral optimized extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L. roots using response surface methodology, and its efficacy in controlling viral hemorrhagic septicemia of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 141:109066. [PMID: 37689225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia causes considerable economic losses for Korea's olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) aquaculture farms; therefore, effective antiviral agents for controlling viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection are imperative. The present study implemented a Box-Behnken design and cytopathic reduction assay to derive an optimized extract of Sanguisorba officinalis L. roots (OE-SOR) with maximum antiviral activity against VHSV. OE-SOR prepared under optimized extraction conditions (55% ethanol concentration at 50 °C for 5 h) exhibited potent antiviral activity against VHSV, with a 50% effective 0.21 μg/mL concentration and a 340 selective index. OE-SOR also showed direct virucidal activity in the plaque reduction assay. Administering OE-SOR to olive flounder exhibited substantial efficacies against VHSV infection. Fish receiving 100 mg/kg body weight/day of OE-SOR as a preventive (40.0%; p < 0.05) or therapeutic (44.4%; p < 0.05) exhibited a higher relative survival than the untreated VHSV-infected control group (mortalities of 100% and 90%, respectively). In addition, fish fed with OE-SOR (100 mg/kg body weight/day) for two weeks conveyed a significantly higher inflammatory cytokine expression (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) than the control group one to two days post-administration. Moreover, no hematological or histological changes were observed in olive flounder treated with OE-SOR over four weeks. Liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry and -triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry analyses identified ziyuglycoside I as a prominent OE-SOR constituent and marker compound (content: 14.5%). This study verifies that OE-SOR is an effective alternative for controlling viral hemorrhagic septicemia in olive flounder farms as it exhibits efficient in vivo anti-VHSV activity and increases innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woong Lim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Kyeong Seo
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ju Jung
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea.
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Kim MH, Kang SY, In Lee W, Lee MY. Evaluation of humoral immune response after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination among health care workers. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13270. [PMID: 38441198 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
We assessed the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination by evaluating the levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG after vaccination and investigated the effect of diverse factors such as gender, age, and adverse reactions after vaccination. The study included a total of 1028 serum samples from 452 healthcare workers. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were assessed using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding the intensity and duration of adverse reactions after vaccination. The seropositive rates after the first and second doses were 95.5% and 100%, respectively. The median antibody levels after the second dose showed a 4.2-fold increase compared with the first. Five months after the second dose, the median antibody levels decreased by 3.5-fold. The antibody levels in men were lower than those in women after the first dose and were higher after the second dose. There was no difference according to age groups after the first dose, but after the second dose, in subjects aged 50 and above, the rise in antibody levels was less than that in other age groups. The antibody levels among participants with moderate or severe symptoms were significantly higher than those among participants with mild symptoms after the first dose. There were no statistically significant differences according to the duration of symptoms. We could assume that different age groups and genders might have different immunogenicity following vaccination. The intensity of adverse symptoms was positively correlated with the antibody levels, implying that higher immunogenicity is related to the intensity of adverse symptoms after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi S, Kim H, Heo YJ, Kang SY, Ahn S, Lee J, Kim KM. PIK3CA mutation subtype delineates distinct immune profiles in gastric carcinoma. J Pathol 2023. [PMID: 37341658 DOI: 10.1002/path.6134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations in cancer regulate tumour immunogenicity. Given that PIK3CA mutation subtypes influence therapeutic responses to AKT inhibitor and that H1047R mutation confers selective growth advantages after immunotherapy, we hypothesised that immune phenotypes may depend on PIK3CA mutation subtypes. We investigated 133 gastric cancers (GCs) harbouring PIK3CA mutation [21 E542K (15.8%), 36 E545X (27.1%), 26 H1047X (19.5%), and 46 others (34.6%)]. Four patients (3.0%) had a combination of mutations (E542K + E545K in 3 patients and E545K + H1047R in 1 patient). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and microsatellite instability (MSI) status, PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) combined positive score (CPS), and stromal tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were assessed. Concurrent genomic alterations, GeoMx digital spatial profiling (DSP), and OPAL multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) were analysed, and correlation between the two assays was investigated. Of the 133 PIK3CA-mutant (PIK3CAm ) GCs, MSI-high GC was significantly frequent in the H1047X mutation subtype (p = 0.005), while EBV positivity did not affect the mutation subtypes. There was no significant survival difference between the E542K, E545X, and H1047X subgroups. However, in the subgroup analysis for EBV-positive GC, H1047Xm GC showed a trend towards shorter survival than E542K and E545Xm GC (p = 0.090 and 0.062). With DSP analysis, H1047Xm GC showed elevated VISTA (p = 0.0003), granzyme B (p < 0.0001), CD4 (p = 0.0001), and CD45 (p < 0.0001) expression compared with the E542Km or E545Xm GC subgroups, and only VISTA expression remained significant (p < 0.0001) using OPAL mIHC. DSP and OPAL analyses showed a moderate correlation of CD4 (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.004) and CD8 (ρ = 0.62, p < 0.001) expression levels in a comparison of six antibodies. Immune-related protein expression levels were evident when classified by the three PIK3CA hotspot mutations, and H1047Xm GC showed the highest immune-related protein expression compared with E542Km or E545Xm GC. Our results demonstrated distinct immune profiles in GC with PIK3CA hotspot mutations using GeoMx DSP and OPAL mIHC, and there was a correlation between the two multiplex platforms. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjoon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeoung Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim K, Kang SY, Kang Y, Kweon Y, Kim H, Song Y, Cho J, Choi MY, Lee HS. Suggestion for item allocation to 8 nursing activity categories of the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination: a survey-based descriptive study. J Educ Eval Health Prof 2023; 20:18. [PMID: 37385686 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to suggest the number of test items in each of 8 nursing activity categories of the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination, which comprises 134 activity statements including 275 items. The examination will be able to evaluate the minimum ability that nursing graduates must have to perform their duties. METHODS Two opinion surveys involving the members of 7 academic societies were conducted from March 19 to May 14, 2021. The survey results were reviewed by members of 4 expert associations from May 21 to June 4, 2021. The results for revised numbers of items in each category were compared with those reported by Tak and his colleagues and the National Council License Examination for Registered Nurses of the United States. RESULTS Based on 2 opinion surveys and previous studies, the suggestions for item allocation to 8 nursing activity categories of the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination in this study are as follows: 50 items for management of care and improvement of professionalism, 33 items for safety and infection control, 40 items for management of potential risk, 28 items for basic care, 47 items for physiological integrity and maintenance, 33 items for pharmacological and parenteral therapies, 24 items for psychosocial integrity and maintenance, and 20 items for health promotion and maintenance. Twenty other items related to health and medical laws were not included due to their mandatory status. CONCLUSION These suggestions for the number of test items for each activity category will be helpful in developing new items for the Korean Nursing Licensing Examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Kim
- College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- College of Nursing, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Younhee Kang
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngran Kweon
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- School of Nursing, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Youngshin Song
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juyeon Cho
- Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Choi
- Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk-National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyun Su Lee
- Department of Nursing, Kyungmin University, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Lee MY, Lee WI, Kang SY, Kim MH, Park YS. Verification and Comparison of Chromogenic Factor VIII Activity Assays in Patients With Hemophilia Treated With and Without Emicizumab. Ann Lab Med 2023; 43:96-99. [PMID: 36045063 PMCID: PMC9467840 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.43.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Woo In Lee, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea Tel: +82-2-440-7190, Fax: +82-2-440-7195, E-mail:
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Shil Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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Kang SY, Heo YJ, Kwon GY, Lee J, Park SH, Kim KM. Five-gene signature for the prediction of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gastric and urothelial carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154233. [PMID: 36455365 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ample evidence supports the potential of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, detected by immunohistochemistry, as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in patients with advanced cancers. To predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gastric and urothelial carcinomas, we aimed to replace PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) with CD274 mRNA in the original four-gene signature and PD-L1 CPS model developed by us. METHOD We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure the expression levels of five target genes in a cohort of 49 patients (33 with gastric cancer and 16 with urothelial carcinoma) who had received immunotherapy and whose therapeutic responses were available. The predictive performance was evaluated using R package maxstat. RESULTS Cutoff values of mRNA expression level were measured using the log-rank statistics for progression-free survival (PFS). Based on these cutoffs, immunotherapy responses were predicted and sorted into responder (n = 12, 24.5%) and non-responder (n = 37, 75.5%) groups. The median PFS values of predicted responders and non-responders were 14.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0-34.7) and 4.7 months (95% CI: 1.0-8.4, p = 0.02), respectively. Among the 12 predicted responders, 10 had microsatellite-stable tumors with a low tumor mutational burden. The actual clinical responses (complete and partial) were higher in the responder group than those in the non-responder group: 83.3% and 16.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION We modified a predictive biomarker for CD274 mRNA expression to predict the response to immunotherapy in patients with gastric or urothelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Hwang JS, Kang SY, Kim J. Postoperative evaluation of modified abductor pollicis longus suspensionplasty using two anchors: Preliminary results. Hand Surg Rehabil 2022; 41:669-674. [PMID: 36210046 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2022.09.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the various surgical treatments for basal joint arthritis, we modified abductor pollicis longus (APL) suspensionplasty by using two anchors. We hypothesized that this modification would prevent not only subsidence but also lateral migration of the first metacarpal. Thirteen thumbs that underwent APL suspensionplasty were investigated. Mean follow-up was 25 months (range, 12-69 months). Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Progression of subsidence (trapezial space) and lateral migration of the first metacarpal were investigated sequentially and with the thumb abducted or adducted against stress in a specifically designed mold. Clinical improvement was assessed by decrease in QuickDASH score (from 49.6 to 19.7). The immediate postoperative trapezial space decreased significantly by 39% (p = 0.003), and lateral migration was improved significantly by 14% (p = 0.007). At final follow-up, subsidence and lateral migration had not significantly progressed (p = 0.059 and 0.278, respectively). Under stress, the trapezial space ratio decreased significantly with the thumb in abduction (from 0.63 to 0.59, p = 0.011). APL suspensionplasty using two anchors in patients with basal joint arthritis maintained the position of the first metacarpal bone, and especially lateral subluxation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - J S Hwang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Y Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - J Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Park S, Kang SY, Ahn S, Kim KM. Peritoneal Seeding Is More Common in Gastric Cancer Patients with FGFR2 Amplification or High Tumor Mutation Burden. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102355. [PMID: 36292044 PMCID: PMC9601213 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) gene alterations have been identified in solid tumors. FGFR2 amplification is found in 2−9% of gastric carcinomas. We hypothesized that FGFR2 could be associated with peritoneal seeding and studied 360 advanced gastric carcinoma patients; 222 (61.7%) were male, 246 (73.7%) had poorly differentiated histology, and 175 (48.6%) presented with peritoneal seeding. High tumor mutation burden (TMB) was observed in 44 (12.2%) patients, high microsatellite instability (MSI) was observed in 12 (3.33%) patients, ERBB2 amplification was observed in 44 (12.2%) patients, EBV positivity was observed in 10 (10/278; 3.6%) patients, and PD-L1 positivity was observed in 186 (186/264; 70.5%) cases. We found FGFR2 amplification in 26 (7.2%) patients, of which 12 (46.2%) were female and 22 (84.6%) had poorly differentiated histology. In these 26 cases, the copy number of FGFR2 amplification ranged from 3.7 to 274. Eighteen of them showed seeding, and this association was statistically significant (18/26, 69.2%; 157/334, 47%; p = 0.023). In addition, high TMB was significantly associated with seeding (p = 0.028; OR = 1.83). Poorly differentiated histology was significantly associated with seeding (p = 0.04) but not with FGFR2 amplification (p > 0.1). Seeding was frequent in gastric carcinoma patients with FGFR2 amplification, in patients with high TMB, or in those who were female. The subgroup of patients with FGFR2 amplification could be potential candidates for targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2807; Fax: +82-2-3410-6396
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Kang SY, Kim DG, Kim KM. BAT26 Only Microsatellite Instability with High Tumor Mutation Burden—A Rare Entity Associated with PTEN Protein Loss and High PD-L1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810730. [PMID: 36142641 PMCID: PMC9504117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting microsatellite instability (MSI) in advanced cancers is crucial for clinical decision-making, as it helps in identifying patients with differential treatment responses and prognoses. BAT26 is a highly sensitive MSI marker that defines the mismatch repair (MMR) status with high sensitivity and specificity. However, isolated BAT26-only instability is rare and has not been previously reported. Of the 6476 cases tested using pentaplex MSI polymerase chain reaction, we identified two BAT26-only instability cases (0.03%) in this study. The case #1 patient was diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma without MMR germline mutations. The endometrial tumor showed BAT26-only instability, partial loss of MLH1/PMS2 protein expression, and a high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS = 8). The tumor exhibited a somatic phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) R303P missense mutation and loss of the PTEN protein. On a comprehensive cancer panel sequencing with ≥500 genes, the tumor showed an MSI score of 11.38% and high tumor mutation burden (TMB) (19.5 mt/mb). The case #2 patient was diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma with proficient MMR and PTEN protein loss without PTEN alteration, as well as a high PD-L1 CPS (CPS = 10). A pathogenic KRAS A146T mutation was detected with an MSI score of 3.36% and high TMB (13 mt/mb). In conclusion, BAT26-only instability is very rare and associated with PTEN protein loss, high TMB, and a high PD-L1 score. Our results suggest that patients with BAT26-only instability may show good responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2807; Fax: +82-2-3410-6396
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13
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Kang SY, Heo YJ, Kwon GY, Kim KM. Expression of CD274 mRNA Measured by qRT-PCR Correlates With PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry in Gastric and Urothelial Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856444. [PMID: 35574404 PMCID: PMC9094617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used to predict the clinical responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, PD-L1 IHC suffers from the complexity of multiple testing platforms and different cutoff values caused by the current one drug-one diagnostic test co-development approach for ICIs. We aimed to test whether PD-L1 (CD274) mRNA expression levels measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) can represent PD-L1 IHC and predict responses to ICI. The FDA-approved PD-L1 IHC results with 22C3 pharmDx (gastric cancer) and SP142 (urothelial carcinoma) were compared with CD274 mRNA expression levels via qRT-PCR using the same formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 59 gastric cancer and 41 urothelial carcinoma samples. CD274 mRNA expression was identified using three independent sets of primers and TaqMan® probes targeting exon 1-2, exon 3-4, and exon 5-6. CD274 mRNA levels in spanning exon 1-2, exon 3-4, and exon 5-6 junctions of CD274 correlated well with PD-L1 expression (r2=0.81, 0.65, and 0.59, respectively). The area under the curve of exon 1-2 was the highest (0.783), followed by exon 3-4 (0.701), and exon 5-6 (0.671) of the CD274 gene against the PD-L1 combined positive score cutoff of 10. When CD274 mRNA expression was matched for response to immunotherapy, the overall response rate was higher in patients with high CD274 mRNA levels with a cutoff of 0.0722 (gastric cancer) and 0.0480 (urothelial carcinoma) than in those with low CD274 mRNA expression (P < 0.001 and P = 0.018, respectively). These results show that CD274 mRNA levels predicted ICI responses in patients with gastric or urothelial carcinomas and could be used as alternatives for PD-L1 IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang SY, Kim DG, Ahn S, Ha SY, Jang KT, Kim KM. Comparative analysis of microsatellite instability by next-generation sequencing, MSI PCR and MMR immunohistochemistry in 1942 solid cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153874. [PMID: 35405622 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor approval for microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumours has made MSI as a therapeutically important biomarker. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based MSI detection is being widely used for assessing MSI. However, MSI tumours detected using NGS and their relevance to MSI-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) are unclear. In 1942 solid cancer cases tested using NGS-based comprehensive cancer panel with 523 genes (1.94 mb), the MSI score, tumour mutation burden (TMB; ≥ 10 mutations/mb), and frameshift mutations were analysed. GeneScan analyses of five mononucleotide markers (MSI-PCR) and MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) were compared with the NGS-MSI results. With a ≥ 12% MSI score as a cut-off for MSI-H, two MSS cases were classified as MSI-H. With a ≥ 20% cut-off, 10 cases categorised as MSS by NGS were MSI-H/dMMR by MSI-PCR and MMR IHC. To avoid discrepant cases, we adopted a high MSI cut-off and a borderline MSI category. Finally, MSI-H (≥ 20%), borderline MSI (≥ 7% and < 20%), and MSS (< 7%) were found in 35 (1.8%), 24 (1.2%), and 1883 (97%) cases, respectively. All MSI-H cases by NGS were MSI-H/dMMR by MSI-PCR and MMR IHC. Of the 24 borderline MSI cases by NGS, MSI-H/dMMR was 9 (37.5%) cases, MSS/dMMR was 1 (4.2%) case, and 11 (45.8%) of them had high TMB. All MSS cases by NGS were MSS/pMMR by MSI-PCR/IHC, and 257 (13.6%) had high TMB. With those arbitrary cut-off points, 10 (0.5%) MSS cases using NGS were discrepant with MSI-PCR or MMR IHC, and all were borderline MSI cases. The mean number of frameshift mutations was significantly higher in the MSI-H group (28.3) than in the borderline MSI (7.7) or MSS (1.3) groups (p < 0.001). In conclusion, to facilitate therapeutic decision-making for NGS, cut-off points for MSI can be defined based on MSI-PCR/dMMR confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kang SY, Choi MG, Wei ET, Selescu T, Lee SY, Kim JC, Chung BY, Park CW, Kim HO. TRPM8 agonist (cryosim-1) gel for scalp itch: A randomized, vehicle controlled clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e588-e589. [PMID: 35293031 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M G Choi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea
| | - E T Wei
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Selescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucuresti, Romania
| | - S Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Y Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Park
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H O Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
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Kang SY, Kim DG, Kim H, Cho YA, Ha SY, Kwon GY, Jang KT, Kim KM. Direct comparison of the next-generation sequencing and iTERT PCR methods for the diagnosis of TERT hotspot mutations in advanced solid cancers. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:25. [PMID: 35135543 PMCID: PMC8827275 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter region have been proposed as novel mechanisms for the transcriptional activation of telomerase. Two recurrent mutations in the TERT promoter, C228T and C250T, are prognostic biomarkers. Herein, we directly compared the commercially available iTERT PCR kit with NGS-based deep sequencing to validate the NGS results and determine the analytical sensitivity of the PCR kit.
Methods Of the 2032 advanced solid tumors diagnosed using the TruSight Oncology 500 NGS test, mutations in the TERT promoter region were detected in 103 cases, with 79 cases of C228T, 22 cases of C250T, and 2 cases of C228A hotspot mutations. TERT promoter mutations were detected from 31 urinary bladder, 19 pancreato-biliary, 22 hepatic, 12 malignant melanoma, and 12 other tumor samples. Results In all 103 TERT-mutated cases detected using NGS, the same DNA samples were also tested with the iTERT PCR/Sanger sequencing. PCR successfully verified the presence of the same mutations in all cases with 100% agreement. The average read depth of the TERT promoter region was 320.4, which was significantly lower than that of the other genes (mean, 743.5). Interestingly, NGS read depth was significantly higher at C250 compared to C228 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The NGS test results were validated by a PCR test and iTERT PCR/Sanger sequencing is sensitive for the identification of the TERT promoter mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Deok Geun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ah Cho
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea. .,Department of Clinical Genomic Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. .,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee MY, Lee WI, Kang SY, Kim MH. Verification and Establishment of Reference Intervals for Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time for Children in a Clinical Laboratory. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35142186 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) are routine coagulation tests. The absence of age-dependent reference interval (RI) may lead to abnormal results in children. In this study, we aimed to verify adult-based RIs in children and establish pediatric RIs for PT and aPTT. METHODS We analyzed PT and aPTT results. Samples from inpatients and outpatients aged 1 - 18 years, considered healthy subjects, were divided into six groups by age. Verification and establishment of RIs were conducted. RESULTS Applying adult-based RIs to pediatrics was statistically invalid for individuals aged 10 - 18 years for PT and invalid throughout childhood for aPTT. The new RI of PT for individuals aged 10 - 18 years was 11.1 - 14.1 seconds and that of aPTT for individuals aged 1 - 9 years was 28.2 - 46.0 seconds. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric RIs were higher than adult-based RIs. Using pediatric RI can save time, labor, and costs to make clinical decision.
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18
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Lee MY, Lee WI, Kang SY, Kim MH. Anti-LW Confused with Anti-D: a Case Transfused RhD-positive RBCs and Literature Review. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35142190 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2021.210603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-LW is rarely identified, and it is known to have little clinical importance. However, it is often difficult to differentiate anti-LW from anti-D. METHODS Here, we report a case where anti-LW was identified for pretransfusion testing in a patient suspected of having lymphoma. RESULTS His blood group was O RhD-positive. Anti-D specificity, weak panreactivity and 2+ reactivity in auto control were shown as a result of antibody identification. The reactions became weaker with DTT-treated RBCs, which confirmed the specificity of an anti-LW. The patient received 8 units of O RhD-positive pRBC before discharge without any transfusion reaction. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, anti-LWs may show mimicking specificity of anti-D for antibody identification testing, but their clinical significance is completely different. Therefore, their prompt identification is important.
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Lim JW, Jo YH, Choi JS, Lee MK, Lee KY, Kang SY. Antibacterial Activities of Prenylated Isoflavones from Maclura tricuspidata against Fish Pathogenic Streptococcus: Their Structure-Activity Relationships and Extraction Optimization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247451. [PMID: 34946533 PMCID: PMC8704674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus zoonotic bacteria cause serious problems in aquaculture with clinical effects on humans. A structure-antibacterial activity relationships analysis of 22 isoflavones isolated from M. tricuspidata (leaves, ripe fruits, and unripe fruits) against S. iniae revealed that prenylation of the isoflavone skeleton was an important key for their antibacterial activities (minimum inhibitory concentrations: 1.95–500 μg/mL). Through principal component analysis, characteristic prenylated isoflavones such as 6,8-diprenlygenistein (4) were identified as pivotal compounds that largely determine each part’s antibacterial activities. M. tiricuspidata ripe fruits (MTF), which showed the highest antibacterial activity among the parts tested, were optimized for high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity on fathead minnow cells using Box–Behnken design. Optimized extraction conditions were deduced to be 50%/80 °C/7.5 h for ethanol concentration/extraction temperature/time, and OE-MTF showed contents of 6,8-diprenlygenistein (4), 2.09% with a MIC of 40 µg/mL. These results suggest that OE-MTF and its active isoflavones have promising potential as eco-friendly antibacterial agents against streptococcosis in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woong Lim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Yang Hee Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Ji-Seok Choi
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (J.-S.C.)
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Ki Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea;
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (J.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-61-659-7176
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20
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Lee MY, Kim MH, Lee WI, Kang SY. Septic shock caused by Slackia exigua in a patient with diabetes. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102498. [PMID: 34875369 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of septic shock caused by Slackia exigua, an obligatory anaerobic gram-positive rod, in an 82-year-old woman with diabetes. Dental assessment revealed a palatal lesion and untreated periodontitis. Although a resident species in the oral cavity and associated with localized disorders, S. exigua can cause extra-oral diseases, which can be fatal in individuals with risk factors, such as diabetes. Thus, control of oral lesions caused by S. exigua is important to prevent systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Woo In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Kim H, Heo YJ, Cho YA, Kang SY, Ahn S, Kim KM. Tumor immune microenvironment is influenced by frameshift mutations and tumor mutational burden in gastric cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:556-567. [PMID: 34767183 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunoscore can effectively predict prognosis in patients with colon cancer; however, its clinical application is limited. We modified the Immunoscore and created a tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) classification system for gastric carcinoma. Unlike previous studies that used small sample sizes or focused on particular immune-cell subtypes, our simplified system enables pathologists to classify gastric carcinomas intuitively using H&E-stained sections. METHODS Samples from 326 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were reviewed and analyzed by pathologists using simple determination and digital image analysis. Comprehensive results of cancer-panel sequencing, Epstein-Barr‒virus (EBV) status, and PD-L1, HER2, ATM, PTEN, MET, FGFR2, and EGFR immunohistochemistry were evaluated with respect to the TIM class. RESULTS The TIM was classified as "hot" (n = 22), "immunosuppressed" (n = 178), "excluded" (n = 83), or "cold" (n = 43). TIM category was significantly associated with numbers of frameshift mutations (P < 0.001) and high tumor mutational burden (P < 0.004), and predicted overall survival. It was also significantly associated with age, histological type, degree of fibrosis, PD-L1 expression, loss of ATM and PTEN expression (P < 0.001), sex, EBV positivity, and HER2 overexpression (P < 0.04). "Hot" tumors were frequent in PD-L1 expressing and EBV-positive samples, and in those with ATM and PTEN loss. "Excluded" tumors were frequent in HER2-positive cases, whereas "cold" tumors were more frequent in younger patients with poorly cohesive histology and high fibrosis levels. CONCLUSIONS TIM classification system for gastric carcinoma has prognostic significance and results in classes that are associated with molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y A Cho
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Ahn
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K -M Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kim JC, Lee SY, Kang SY, Kim HO, Park CW, Chung BY. Erythema annulare centrifugum induced by COVID-19 vaccination. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:591-592. [PMID: 34731529 PMCID: PMC8652630 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H O Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Y Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Abstract
Tumors exhibiting DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and microsatellite instability (MSI) are responsive to immune checkpoint blockade. MSI is frequently diagnosed using five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide (pentaplex) markers; however, the assays have several technical limitations, including the lack of sensitivity of some of the markers. Although markers with increased sensitivity, such as CAT25 and BAT40, have been introduced, the majority of multiplex MSI tests have only been studied in Western populations and require further evaluation in an Asian cohort. This study tested the efficacy of BAT26, CAT25, and BAT40 mononucleotide MSI markers via triplex PCR on 300 samples from patients with advanced cancers from a Korean clinical population. The results were directly compared with those of a pentaplex MSI test and tumor mutation burden (TMB) status, and an additional 60 MSI-H cancers were used for further validation. Four (1.3%) out of 300 advanced tumors were MSI-high (MSI-H). In the pentaplex PCR assay, two colorectal cancers (0.7%) exhibited instability only with the BAT25 mononucleotide marker and were interpreted as MSI-low (MSI-L). In the triplex PCR assay, BAT40 was unstable in 64 cases (21%) and the results did not overlap with those of MSI-L from pentaplex. Given the high frequency of isolated BAT40 instability, we performed the same triplex PCR with DNA obtained from normal controls and found BAT40 polymorphisms in 37 cases (90%). Interestingly, the median TMB of the cases with BAT40 polymorphism was significantly higher (7.0 mt/Mb) than that of BAT40 wild-type cases (5.5 mt/Mb) (p = 0.003). The triplex PCR results from 60 additional MSI-H cancers correlated perfectly (100%) with those of pentaplex PCR, and the results were consistent for two (BAT26 and CAT25) markers. BAT40 germline polymorphism is common in the Korean population and is associated with higher TMB values. The simple duplex (BAT26 and CAT25) MSI test provided the same sensitivity and specificity as pentaplex PCR tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Lee MY, Kim MH, Lee WI, Kang SY. Bacteremia Caused by Moraxella Osloensis: a Fatal Case of an Immunocompromised Patient and Literature Review. Clin Lab 2021; 67. [PMID: 33491414 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moraxella osloensis rarely causes infection in humans, and most of the reported cases are not fatal. It is often difficult to identify M. osloensis using conventional biochemical methods. METHODS Here, we report a bacteremia case caused by M. osloensis in a patient with advanced lung cancer who initially presented symptoms of fever. RESULTS Blood culture revealed growth of a gram-negative bacterium, which was identified as M. osloensis through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF analyses. The patient could not recover from sepsis with empirical treatment. CONCLUSIONS As M. osloensis can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients, its prompt identification is important.
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25
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Kim HO, Kim JC, Chung BY, Kang SY, Park CW, Han JH. Harlequin syndrome with petechiae caused by a pituitary adenoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e605-e607. [PMID: 33974308 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H O Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Y Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Park
- Department of Dermatology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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26
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Kang SY, Ahn HR, Youn HJ, Jung SH. Prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in relation to preoperative subclinical hypothyroidism. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:367-373. [PMID: 33682437 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been established that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the growth and development of thyroid malignancy, and a higher serum TSH level is associated with the incidence of thyroid cancer and an advanced tumour stage. This study aimed to evaluate the association of preoperative subclinical hypothyroidism with the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS A total of 466 patients who underwent surgery for PTC between December 2006 and June 2009 were enrolled. Among them, 44 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, while 422 did not have subclinical hypothyroidism, as diagnosed using the preoperative thyroid function test. We compared the recurrence rate and association with clinicopathological features in the two groups. RESULTS The median patient age was 46.9 years (17-74 years). There were 420 female and 46 male patients. The median follow-up duration was 81.4 months. There were no statistical differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, tumour size, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, lymph node metastasis, TNM stages, recurrence and disease-free survival, despite a significant difference in the average TSH concentrations of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that preoperative subclinical hypothyroidism was not associated with tumour aggressiveness and recurrence in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kang
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Korea
| | - H R Ahn
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Korea
| | - H J Youn
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Korea
| | - S H Jung
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Korea
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27
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Kang SY, Go ES, Seo SB, Kim HW, Keel SI, Lee SH. A comparative evaluation of recarbonated CaCO 3 derived from limestone under oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed conditions. Sci Total Environ 2021; 758:143704. [PMID: 33243493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SO2 emissions from coal-fired boilers are air pollutants and a source of acid rain, causing extensive environmental pollution. Limestone (CaCO3) is a Ca-based sorbent which is injected into circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, where it combines with SO2 to produce calcium sulfate (CaSO4). As a result, SO2 emissions from a power plant are reduced. In this study, CaCO3 addition was proposed and the desulfurization efficiency improved. The direct desulfurization reaction is dominant in a commercial CFB boiler due to the high CO2 partial pressure, but CaO is formed at a fast reaction rate by calcination in the high temperature or in the low CO2 partial pressure region. When CaO remains in the loop seal, it is exposed to a high CO2 partial pressure condition moving through the recirculation section for an extended period and re-injected into the furnace as recarbonated CaCO3. To analyze the direct desulfurization reaction kinetics, a shrink core model in which the reaction proceeds inside the particle was adopted. Surface observations through FE-SEM of CaSO4 produced by the 180 minute long desulfurization experiment using TGA suggest that the CaSO4 crystal growth rate increased after the pre-treatment (recarbonation) of limestone. Recarbonation lowered the limestone crystallinity, causing a faster reaction. The CaCO3 recarbonation increased the Ca utilization by more than 20% when the direct desulfurization reaction occurred. The TGA experiments show that recarbonation contributes to CaSO4 conversion. Increasing the desulfurization efficiency using recarbonation can reduce the fixed investment and operating costs of oxy-fuel CFB plants because only desulfurization in the furnace is able to meet SO2 emission regulations or lower the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) dependence. Accordingly, the desulfurization conversions of recarbonated CaCO3 and limestone were compared in this study. Morphological changes in the limestone were also evaluated using XRD, FE-SEM, and other analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kang
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Go
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Seo
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - H W Kim
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - S I Keel
- Environment System Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Department of Mineral Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jellabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Lee MY, Kang SY, Lee WI, Kim MH. Need for Confirmatory Neutralization Tests for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Tests in Populations with Intermediate Prevalence. Lab Med 2021; 52:485-492. [PMID: 33629106 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is known as the hallmark of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to determine whether an HBsAg neutralization test is necessary to accurately interpret HBsAg test results. METHODS Initially reactive HBsAg specimens from a 5-year period, with cutoff index values between 1.0 and 2.0, were subjected to neutralization confirmatory testing using an Elecsys HBsAg Confirmatory test kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH. Mannheim, Germany). RESULTS The neutralization test showed 46.1% positive (confirmed positive group) and 53.9% negative (confirmed negative group) results from the total specimens. Among the confirmed negative group, 79.5% of patients were confirmed to be negative for the current infection, whereas 4 patients in the chronic hepatitis B subgroup showed a neutralization percentage close to 40%. More than half of patients in the confirmed positive group were considered to be in the hepatitis B e antigen-negative inactive HBsAg carrier phase. CONCLUSION In populations with intermediate HBV prevalence, a neutralization test is necessary to confirm an HBsAg result and reduce the false positive and false negative rates of initial HBsAg tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Kim B, Kang SY, Kim KM. DNA-protein biomarkers for immunotherapy in the era of precision oncology. J Pathol Transl Med 2020; 55:26-32. [PMID: 33153244 PMCID: PMC7829578 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2020.09.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers to guide patient and therapy selection has gained much attention to increase the scope and complexity of targeted therapy options and immunotherapy. Clinical trials provide a basis for discovery of biomarkers, which can then aid in development of new drugs. To that end, samples from cancer patients, including DNA, RNA, protein, and the metabolome isolated from cancer tissues and blood or urine, are analyzed in various ways to identify relevant biomarkers. In conjunction with nucleotide-based, high-throughput, next-generation sequencing techniques, therapy-guided biomarker assays relying on protein-based immunohistochemistry play a pivotal role in cancer care. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding DNA and protein biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center of Clinical Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Lee HK, Kwon MJ, Ra YJ, Lee HS, Kim HS, Nam ES, Cho SJ, Park HR, Min SK, Seo J, Choe JY, Min KW, Kang SY. Significance of druggable targets (PD-L1, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, MSI, and HPV) on curatively resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:126. [PMID: 33054840 PMCID: PMC7557072 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) still remains intractable disease with few therapeutic options. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is essential for immune evasion, is involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC and thus is a potential therapeutic target. PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI) caused by deficient mismatch repair (dMMR), and human papillomavirus (HPV) can potentially upregulate PD-L1 expression, which might contribute to the clinical outcome of patients with ESCC. Methods We investigated the significance of the present druggable markers [PD-L1, PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF mutations, MSI caused by deficient dMMR, and HPV] in 64 curatively resected ESCCs, using immunohistochemistry (PD-L1 and MMR protein expression), direct sequencing (KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations), real-time PCR (HPV infection), and MSI using quasi-monomorphic markers. Results PD-L1 expression, PIK3CA mutation, and MSI/dMMR were detected in 35.9, 12.5, and 17.2% of ESCCs, respectively. HPV was rarely detected (1.6%) (high-risk HPV68), whereas KRAS and BRAF mutations were not detected in ESCCs. PD-L1-positive tumors were not correlated with PIK3CA mutation or MSI/dMMR (all P > 0.05). PD-L1, PIK3CA mutation, and MSI/dMMR characterized the patients associated with light smoking, female and younger age, and younger age and well-differentiated tumors, respectively (all P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, only PD-L1-positivity was an independent favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.023, P = 0.014). In the PD-L1-negative ESCCs, PIK3CA mutation had a poor prognostic impact on both OS and DFS (P = 0.006, P = 0.002). Conclusions PIK3CA mutation may be an alternative prognostic biomarker in PD-L1-negative curatively resected ESCCs that can be optional to identify high-risk patients with worse clinical outcome who require more intensive therapy and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil 22, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Joon Ra
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sung Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Nam
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil 22, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kee Min
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil 22, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Seo
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil 22, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choe
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil 22, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim MH, Kang SY, Lee WI, Lee MY. Evaluation of HCV RNA by PCR and Signal-to-Cutoff Ratios of HCV Antibody Assays for Diagnosis of HCV Infection. Lab Med 2020; 52:240-244. [PMID: 32895701 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we assessed whether a hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA test could replace recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and reduce unnecessary supplemental tests as the signal-to-cutoff (S/Co) ratio from anti-HCV antibody (Ab) tests. METHODS Anti-HCV Ab tests were performed to screen for HCV infections, and RIBA and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed for HCV RNA to confirm HCV infection. Receiver operating characteristic curves were evaluated to determine the optimal S/Co ratios for predicting HCV infection. RESULTS The cutoff value for the S/Co ratio was 3.63 for predicting RIBA results and 10.6 for predicting HCV RNA results. Our data suggested that an S/Co ratio ≥10.6 indicated a high risk of active HCV infection. An S/Co ratio of 3.63 to 10.6 needed further evaluation and repeat HCV RNA testing. No further testing was required for S/Co ratios <3.63 or ≥10.6. CONCLUSION We determined that the S/Co ratio of the anti-HCV Ab test provides useful information to confirm HCV infections, including the need for further laboratory testing or clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Heo YJ, Lee T, Byeon SJ, Kim EJ, Shin HC, Kim B, Kang SY, Ha SY, Kim KM. Digital image analysis in pathologist-selected regions of interest predicts survival more accurately than whole-slide analysis: a direct comparison study in 153 gastric carcinomas. J Pathol Clin Res 2020; 7:42-51. [PMID: 32885920 PMCID: PMC7737754 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Automatic quantification of biomarkers such as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and PD‐L1 is one of the most studied topics in digital pathology image analysis (DIA). However, direct comparison between the DIA of a whole‐slide image (WSI) and that of regions of interest (ROIs) chosen by pathologists has not been performed. In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic value of tumor microenvironment markers CD8 and PD‐L1, measured by DIA of WSIs and ROIs. We selected 153 primary gastric cancer tissues and stained them with CD8 and PD‐L1. All IHC slides were scanned at ×200 magnification and ratios of CD8 and PD‐L1 were measured in WSIs and ROIs from the invasive front, within the tumor, and the mucosa. Patients with high CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios showed more favorable outcomes compared to those with low ratios. Pathologist‐aided DIA predicted the survival of patients more accurately than WSI analysis (CD8, p = 0.025 versus p = 0.068; PD‐L1, p = 0.008 versus p = 0.2). Although a high density of CD8+ T cells at the invasive front correlated best with patient survival, CD8 ratio in the mucosa could also predict patient outcome. In conclusion, CD8 and PD‐L1 ratios measured by pathologist‐aided DIA predicted survival more accurately than WSI analyses and ROIs at the invasive front correlated best with patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebum Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Chan Shin
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Kim B, Kang SY, Kim D, Heo YJ, Kim KM. PTEN Protein Loss and Loss-of-Function Mutations in Gastric Cancers: The Relationship with Microsatellite Instability, EBV, HER2, and PD-L1 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071724. [PMID: 32610572 PMCID: PMC7407887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is caused by multiple mechanisms, and loss of PTEN activity is related to the progression of various cancers. In gastric cancer (GC), the relationship between the loss of PTEN protein expression and various genetic alterations remains unclear. The effects of microsatellite instability (MSI), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), HER2 overexpression, and PD-L1 expression on PTEN mutation have not been fully explored. We performed comprehensive cancer panel tests with a cohort of 322 tumor samples from patients with advanced GC. Immunohistochemistry for PTEN protein was performed in all cases, and the loss of protein expression was defined as a complete absence of nuclear staining. In total, 34 cases (10.6%) had pathogenic PTEN mutations, of which 19 (55.9%) showed PTEN protein loss. The most common PTEN variants associated with protein loss were p.R130 (n = 4) followed by p.R335, p.L265fs, and deletions (n = 2). All the ten nonsense mutations identified in the samples resulted in PTEN inactivation. In the remaining 288 GC cases with wild-type PTEN, protein loss was found in 35 cases (12.2%). Thus, PTEN mutations were significantly associated with PTEN protein loss (p = 5.232 × 10−10), high MSI (p = 3.936 × 10−8), and EBV-positivity (p = 0.0071). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that loss-of-function mutations in PTEN are a frequent genetic mechanism of PTEN inactivation in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.K.); (S.Y.K.)
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.K.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Deokgeun Kim
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (B.K.); (S.Y.K.)
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2807; Fax: +82-2-3410-6396
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Kim B, Jang J, Heo YJ, Kang SY, Yoo H, Sohn I, Min BH, Kim KM. Dysregulated miRNA in a cancer-prone environment: A study of gastric non-neoplastic mucosa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6600. [PMID: 32313120 PMCID: PMC7171080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding cancer-prone environments is important to efficiently detect and prevent cancers. The associations between miRNA and cancer-prone environments are still largely unknown in gastric cancer (GC). Six miRNAs that are differentially expressed during gastric carcinogenesis were selected, and quantitative real-time PCR was performed in an independent training set (fresh non-tumor and tumor samples from 18 GC patients) and validation sets (set 1 with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded non-tumor and tumor samples from 19 solitary GC and set 2 with 37 multiple GC patients). The results were compared with those of 37 gastric mucosa from 20 healthy volunteers. The expression levels of miR-26a, miR-375, and miR-1260 in gastric mucosa from healthy volunteers were statistically higher than that of non-tumorous gastric mucosa located 3 cm apart from the GC in the training set (miR-26a, P < 0.0001; miR-375, P = 0.0049; miR-1260, P = 0.0172), validation set 1 (miR-26a and miR-375, P < 0.0001; miR-1260, P = 0.0008), and validation set 2 (miR-26a, miR-375, and miR-1260, P < 0.0001). And a combination of miR-26a and miR-1260 showed the highest area under the curve value of 0.89. miRNAs are differentially expressed in non-neoplastic gastric mucosa and can be used as a biomarker to predict cancer-prone environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insuk Sohn
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Choi S, Jang J, Heo YJ, Kang SY, Kim ST, Lee J, Kang WK, Kim JW, Kim KM. CDH1 mutations in gastric cancers are not associated with family history. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152941. [PMID: 32241597 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CDH1 mutation is the most frequent genetic alteration in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (GC) and early onset diffuse GC patients. However, the incidence of CDH1 mutations in sporadic GC with or without family history has not been studied. This retrospective study includes a total of 993 Korean patients with primary advanced GC who underwent surgery and received palliative chemotherapy. Targeted deep sequencing was performed in all cases and family history of GC was searched with survival analysis. We found CDH1 alterations in 146 of 993 patients (14.7 %) and 8 were germline (0.8 %). Out of 146 patients with CDH1 mutations, 25 (17.1 %) had a family history of GC in one of their first relatives, and 12 patients (8.2 %) were diagnosed with familial GC (FGC). All cases with FGC were diffuse type by Lauren classification, and only one harbored a previously reported germline mutation of CDH1 (c.2638 G > A) and the remaining 11 harbored known somatic CDH1 mutations. Among all patients with CDH1 mutation, there was no significant survival difference between patients with family history or FGC. In the 847 patients without CDH1 mutation, 189 (22.3 %) had a family history of GC and 92 patients (10.9 %) were FGC. CDH1 mutations were more frequent in patients with early onset (<45 years) GC (45.5 %) compared with patients with late onset GC (10.9 %) (p = 0.001), but were not significantly associated with the family history of GC (p > 0.05). CDH1 mutations are mostly somatic and typically are not associated with family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjoon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiryeon Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jeong Heo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Kim B, Kang SY, Heo YJ, Park SH, Kim ST, Kang WK, Lee J, Kim KM. Tumor Mutational Burden Determined by Panel Sequencing Predicts Survival After Immunotherapy in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:314. [PMID: 32232003 PMCID: PMC7082319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Panel-based sequencing is widely used to measure tumor mutational burden (TMB) in clinical trials and is ready to enter routine diagnostics. However, cut-off points to distinguish “TMB-high” from “TMB-low” tumors are not consistent and the clinical implications of TMB in predicting responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in gastric cancer are not clearly defined. We aimed to assess whether TMB is associated with the response to immunotherapy and to examine its relation with other biomarkers of immunotherapy response in advanced gastric cancer. Design: In total, 63 patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with ICB were included in the study. Panel-based TMB in gastric tumor samples, treatment responses to ICB, clinicopathological data, and time to progression were retrospectively analyzed. Microsatellite instability (MSI) status, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) were also analyzed. Results: TMB ranged from 0 to 446 mutations/megabase (mt/mb) and was significantly associated with MSI (P < 0.001), PD-L1 CPS (P = 0.022), response to ICB (P = 0.04), chemotherapy (P = 0.02) and older patient age (≥65 years; P = 0.0014). The cut-off point of 14.31 mt/mb determined by log-rank statistics for progression-free survival divided the tumors into eight (12.7%) TMB-high and 55 (87.3%) TMB-low tumors. The median TMB of the chemo-refractory group was significantly higher (8.43 mt/mb) compared to that of chemo-naïve group (3.42 mt/mb) (P = 0.02). Patients with TMB-high tumors showed prolonged progression-free survival in univariate [HR, 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.90] and multivariate (HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.69) analyses. In area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) analysis of TMB, PD-L1, EBV, MSI, and their combination, the AUC value was the highest for EBV (0.97), followed by MSI (0.96), PD-L1 (0.81), the combination (0.78), and TMB (0.56). Conclusion: In addition to EBV, MSI, and PD-L1 CPS, TMB could be used as a predictive biomarker in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with ICB and may aid clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchul Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You Jeong Heo
- The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kim EJ, Kang SY, Kwak YG, Kim SR, Shin MJ, Yoo HM, Han SH, Kim DW, Choi YH. Ten-year surveillance of central line-associated bloodstream infections in South Korea: Surveillance not enough, action needed. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:285-289. [PMID: 31493935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are preventable health care-associated infections that can lead to increased mortality. Therefore, we investigated trends in CLABSI rates, and the factors associated with changing trends over a 10-year period using the Korean National Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance System (KONIS). METHODS We investigated annual CLABSI rates from 2006 to 2015 in 190 KONIS-participating intensive care units (ICUs) from 107 participating hospitals. We collected data associated with hospital and ICU characteristics and analyzed trends using generalized autoregressive moving average models. RESULTS The CLABSI pooled mean rate decreased from 3.40 in 2006 to 2.20 in 2015 (per 1,000 catheter-days). The trend analysis also showed a significant decreasing trend in CLABSI rates in unadjusted models (annual increase, -0.137; P < .001). After adjusting for hospital and ICU characteristics, significant decreasing trends were identified (annual increase, -0.109; P < .001). However, there were no significant changes in subgroups with non-university-affiliated hospitals, hospitals in metropolitan areas near Seoul, small hospitals (300-699 beds), or surgical ICUs. CONCLUSIONS In South Korea, CLABSI rates have shown significant reductions in the past 10 years with participation in the KONIS. However, CLABSI rates may be reduced by encouraging more hospitals to participate in the KONIS and by improved policy support for hospitals lacking infection control resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Office of Biostatistics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yee Gyung Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sung Ran Kim
- Infection Control Office, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Jin Shin
- Infection Control Office, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Mi Yoo
- Infection Control Office, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Ha Han
- Department of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Policy Research Affairs, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young Hwa Choi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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Chao J, Lee J, Kim K, Kang SY, Lee T, Kim KM, Kim ST, Klempner SJ, Lee H. A Pilot Study of Baseline Spatial Genomic Heterogeneity in Primary Gastric Cancers Using Multi-Region Endoscopic Sampling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:225. [PMID: 32158697 PMCID: PMC7052337 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intertumoral heterogeneity among actionable biomarkers including ERBB2, FGFR2 and EGFR has been observed to occur under therapeutic pressure in advanced gastric cancer. However, baseline intratumoral heterogeneity at diagnosis is understudied and may impact clinical outcomes. We sought to explore intratumoral heterogeneity in primary advanced gastric cancers via DNA sequencing from multi-region endoscopic sampling at diagnosis. Patients with newly diagnosed advanced gastric adenocarcinoma underwent endoscopic mapping and pre-determined 8-sector biopsy of the primary tumor with concurrent plasma cfDNA sampling. Biopsy samples were subjected to targeted next generation sequencing and plasma cfDNA was analyzed via a 28-gene cfDNA assay. Expectedly, we observed that the majority of genetic alterations were shared among multi-sector biopsies within the same gastric primary tumor. However, all samples contained private subclonal alterations between biopsy sectors, including actionable alterations in GNAS and STK11. Cell free DNA analyses also exhibited both shared and non-shared alterations between mutations detected in cfDNA and tumor tissue biopsies confirming baseline intertumoral heterogeneity. This is the first dataset to confirm baseline intratumoral heterogeneity and confirms that multi-sector endoscopic biopsy is feasible and capable of capturing intratumoral heterogeneity among relevant genomic alterations in gastric cancer. Both multi-sector endoscopic biopsies and cfDNA analyses are complementary in capturing the diverse mutational landscape at disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehyang Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho HJ, Kim SS, Kang SY, Yang MJ, Noh CK, Hwang JC, Lim SG, Shin SJ, Lee KM, Yoo BM, Lee KJ, Kim JH, Cho SW, Cheong JY. A Proposal for Modification of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System Considering the Prognostic Implication of Performance Status. Gut Liver 2020; 13:557-568. [PMID: 31023007 PMCID: PMC6743810 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) C stage demonstrates considerable heterogeneity because it includes patients with either symptomatic tumors (performance status [PS], 1-2) or with an invasive tumoral pattern reflected by the presence of vascular invasion (VI) or extrahepatic spread (EHS). This study aimed to derive a more relevant staging system by modification of the BCLC system considering the prognostic implication of PS. Methods A total of 7,501 subjects who were registered in the Korean multicenter hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) registry database from 2008 to 2013 were analyzed. The relative goodness-of-fit between staging systems was compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and integrated area under the curve (IAUC). Three modified BCLC (m-BCLC) systems (#1, #2, and #3) were devised by reducing the role of PS. Results As a result, the BCLC C stage, which includes patients with PS 1-2 without VI/EHS, was reassigned to stage 0, A, or B according to their tumor burden in the m-BCLC #2 model. This model was identified as the most explanatory and desirable model for HCC staging by demonstrating the smallest AIC (AIC=70,088.01) and the largest IAUC (IAUC=0.722), while the original BCLC showed the largest AIC (AIC=70,697.17) and the smallest IAUC (IAUC=0.705). The m-BCLC #2 stage C was further subclassified into C1, C2, C3, and C4 according to the Child-Pugh score, PS, presence of EHS, and tumor extent. The C1 to C4 subgroups showed significantly different overall survival distribution between groups (p<0.001). Conclusions An accurate and relevant staging system for patients with HCC was derived though modification of the BCLC system based on PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Jae Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Choong Kyun Noh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Chul Hwang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Gyo Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kee Myung Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byung Moo Yoo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kwang Jae Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung Won Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kim B, Kang SY, Kim D, Kim EJ, Heo YJ, Kim KM. PTEN Protein losses and loss-of-function genetic variants in gastric cancers: the relationship with microsatellite instability, EBV, and PD-L1 expression. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.01.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee SJ, Hong JY, Kim K, Kim KM, Kang SY, Lee T, Kim ST, Park SH, Park YS, Lim HY, Kang WK, Lee J, Park JO. Detection of Fusion Genes Using a Targeted RNA Sequencing Panel in Gastrointestinal and Rare Cancers. J Oncol 2020; 2020:4659062. [PMID: 32411236 PMCID: PMC7204148 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4659062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful identification and targeting of oncogenic gene fusion is a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. Here, we investigate the therapeutic implications and feasibility of using a targeted RNA sequencing panel to identify fusion genes in gastrointestinal and rare cancers. From February through December 2017, patients with gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, gynecologic, sarcoma, or rare cancers were recruited for a clinical sequencing project at Samsung Medical Center (NCT #02593578). The median age of the patients was 58 years (range, 31-81 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.3 : 1. A total of 118 patients passed the quality control process for a next-generation sequencing- (NGS-) based targeted sequencing assay. The NGS-based targeted sequencing assay was performed to detect gene fusions in 36-53 cancer-implicated genes. The following cancer types were included in this study: 28 colorectal cancers, 27 biliary tract cancers, 25 gastric cancers, 18 soft tissue sarcomas, 9 pancreatic cancers, 6 ovarian cancers, and 9 other rare cancers. Strong fusion was detected in 25 samples (21.2%). We found that 5.9% (7/118) of patients had known targetable fusion genes involving NTRK1 (n=3), FGFR (n=3), and RET (n=1), and 10.2% (12/118) of patients had potentially targetable fusion genes involving RAF1 (n=4), BRAF (n=2), ALK (n=2), ROS1 (n=1), EGFR (n=1), and CLDN18 (n=2). Thus, we successfully identified a substantial proportion of patients harboring fusion genes by RNA panel sequencing of gastrointestinal/rare cancers. Targetable and potentially targetable involved fusion genes were NTRK1, RET, FGFR3, FGFR2, BRAF, RAF1, ALK, ROS1, and CLDN18. Detection of fusion genes by RNA panel sequencing may be beneficial in refractory patients with gastrointestinal/rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyang Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang SY, Kang H, Lee JE, Jo CS, Moon CB, Ha J, Hwang JS, Choi J. Antiaging Potential of Fucoxanthin Concentrate Derived from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. J Cosmet Sci 2020; 71:53-64. [PMID: 32271708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of a fucoxanthin concentrate prepared from Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a wrinkle care cosmetic agent. The concentrate (up to 25 µg/ml) did not affect the proliferation of human fibroblasts. In addition, the concentrate significantly increased procollagen synthesis in the fibroblasts at 12.5 and 25 µg/ml; however, it significantly decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 at 25 µg/ml. In a follow-up study, a wrinkle care cream containing 0.03% of fucoxanthin concentrate was prepared and tested in women (aged 35-50 years, n = 21) for 8 weeks. The cream was applied twice daily. Safety assessment of the cream was carried out visually. In addition, interviews were conducted to investigate if adverse events such as erythema, edema, scaling, itching, stinging, burning, tightness, or prickling had occurred. No symptoms that threaten skin safety were reported. Evaluation of wrinkles around the eyes using the replica method showed a statistically significant decrease in wrinkles at week 8. Moreover, skin moisture and elasticity increased significantly from week 4. These results suggest that the fucoxanthin concentrate has no adverse effects on the skin and can be used as an active ingredient in wrinkle care cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
| | - Huiji Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
| | - Chan Song Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
| | - Chang Bae Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
| | - Jaehyoun Ha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
| | - Jongkeun Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungwoon University, Incheon 22110, Korea (S.Y.K., H.K., J.C.), Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea (J.E.L., C.S.J., J.S.H.), R&D Center, Outin Futures Co. Ltd., Seoul 06178, Korea (C.B.M.), Skin Research Center, IEC Korea, Suwon 16690, Korea (J.H.)
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Heo YJ, Kang SY, Kim ST, Kang WK, Lee J, Kim KM. Combined biomarker for prediction of response to an immune checkpoint inhibitor in metastatic gastric cancer. Precis Future Med 2019; 3:165-175. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Jeon YL, Lee WI, Kang SY, Kim MH. Neutrophil-to-Monocyte-Plus-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Marker for Discriminating Pulmonary Tuberculosis from Nontuberculosis Infectious Lung Diseases. Lab Med 2019; 50:286-291. [PMID: 30753566 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether NMLR has more statistical strength than NLR in discriminating TB from non-TB infectious lung diseases. METHODS Among patients who underwent 3 or more TB culture tests with molecular study between January 2016 and December 2017, 110 patients with TB, and 159 patients diagnosed with non-TB infectious lung diseases were enrolled. The original complete blood count (CBC) parameters and modified CBC indices, including NLR and NMLR, were analyzed. RESULTS The NLR and NMLR were significantly lower in TB patients than in patients with other infectious lung diseases. However, the area under the curve (AUC) for NMLR (0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86-0.93) was significantly greater than that for NLR (0.88 [0.84-0.92]). CONCLUSIONS The neutrophil-to-monocyte-plus-lymphocyte ratio (NMLR) can be used as a new index that is more powerful than neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in discriminating tuberculosis (TB) from non-TB infectious lung diseases.NMLR had more statistical strength than NLR in discriminating TB from non-TB infectious lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You La Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang YK, Ryu MH, Park SH, Kim JG, Kim JW, Cho SH, Park YI, Park SR, Rha SY, Kang MJ, Cho JY, Kang SY, Roh SY, Ryoo BY, Nam BH, Jo YW, Yoon KE, Oh SC. Efficacy and safety findings from DREAM: a phase III study of DHP107 (oral paclitaxel) versus i.v. paclitaxel in patients with advanced gastric cancer after failure of first-line chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1220-1226. [PMID: 29438463 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel is currently only available as an intravenous (i.v.) formulation. DHP107 is a novel oral formulation of lipid ingredients and paclitaxel. DHP107 demonstrated comparable efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics to i.v. paclitaxel as a second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). DREAM is a multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized phase III study of patients with histologically/cytologically confirmed, unresectable/recurrent AGC after first-line therapy failure. Methods and materials Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to DHP107 (200 mg/m2 orally twice daily days 1, 8, 15 every 4 weeks) or i.v. paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 day 1 every 3 weeks). Patients were stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, disease status, and prior treatment; response was assessed (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) every 6 weeks. Primary end point: non-inferiority of progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end points: overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety. For the efficacy analysis, sequential tests for non-inferiority were carried out, first with a non-inferiority margin of 1.48, then with a margin of 1.25. Results Baseline characteristics were balanced in the 236 randomized patients (n = 118 per arm). Median PFS (per-protocol) was 3.0 (95% CI 1.7-4.0) months for DHP107 and 2.6 (95% CI 1.8-2.8) months for paclitaxel (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.85; 95% CI 0.64-1.13). A sensitivity analysis on PFS using independent central review showed similar results (HR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.70-1.24). Median OS (full analysis set) was 9.7 (95% CI 7.1 - 11.5) months for DHP107 versus 8.9 (95% CI 7.1-12.2) months for paclitaxel (HR = 1.04; 95% CI 0.76-1.41). ORR was 17.8% for DHP107 (CR 4.2%; PR 13.6%) versus 25.4% for paclitaxel (CR 3.4%; PR 22.0%). Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis were more common with DHP107; peripheral neuropathy was more common with paclitaxel. There were only few Grade≥3 adverse events, most commonly neutropenia (42% versus 53%); febrile neutropenia was reported infrequently (5.9% versus 2.5%). No hypersensitivity reactions occurred with DHP107 (paclitaxel 2.5%). Conclusions DHP107 as a second-line treatment of AGC was non-inferior to paclitaxel for PFS; other efficacy and safety parameters were comparable. DHP107 is the first oral paclitaxel with proven efficacy/safety for the treatment of AGC. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01839773.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-K Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul.
| | - M-H Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S H Park
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - J G Kim
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Bundang
| | - S-H Cho
- Department of Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun
| | - Y-I Park
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - S R Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S Y Rha
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - M J Kang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Haeundai Paik Hospital, University of Inje College of Medicine, Busan
| | - J Y Cho
- Department of Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - S Y Kang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon
| | - S Y Roh
- Department of Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - B-Y Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - B-H Nam
- Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang
| | - Y-W Jo
- Clinical Trials Department, DAEHWA Pharmaceutical Company Co., Ltd, Seoul
| | - K-E Yoon
- Clinical Trials Department, DAEHWA Pharmaceutical Company Co., Ltd, Seoul
| | - S C Oh
- Department of Oncology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kwon MJ, Kang SY, Cho H, Lee JI, Kim ST, Suh YL. Clinical relevance of molecular subgrouping of gliomatosis cerebri per 2016 WHO classification: a clinicopathological study of 89 cases. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:235-245. [PMID: 31435963 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extremely invasive phenotypes and genotypes related to progression of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) remain unclear although GC has been removed as an independent entity from the 2016 WHO classification. Hence, categorization of GC under the current WHO molecular classification is essential, and the molecular subgroups that might contribute to GC progression should be compared with the histopathological differences between initial and new lesions identified during follow-up. Analyses of IDH1/2 and TERTp mutations and 1p/19q co-deletion, and immunohistochemistry of IDH1-R132H, ATRX, p53 and galectin-3 were performed. Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype (AA-IDHwt) was the common molecular subgroup (52.8%), followed by diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype (DA-IDHwt) and AA, IDH-mutant (AA-IDHmt) (each 16.9%), DA-IDHmt (7.9%), glioblastoma (GBM)-IDHwt (3.3%) and GBM-IDHmt (2.2%). Approximately 92% of the AA-IDHwt lesions progressed to histologically confirmed GBM in the newly enhanced lesions harboring the TERTp mutation and expressing galectin-3. Similar to primary GBMs, GC-related GBMs that progressed from the IDHwt subgroups showed microvascular proliferation, palisading necrosis or thrombotic occlusion, implying that a subset of IDHwt subgroups may evolve to overt GBM. Molecular subgrouping did not provide the perfect prediction for the survival of GC patients. The AA-IDHwt group showed worse overall and progression-free survival (PFS) than the AA-IDHmt group. Biopsy plus radiotherapy, chemotherapy and temozolomide treatment for DA-IDHwt, and resection plus radiotherapy and temozolomide treatment for AA-IDHwt prolonged PFS. In conclusions, majority of GC was of the AA-IDHwt subgroup, which progressed to GBM. Molecular subgroups may assist in the selection of treatment modalities, because "GC pattern" still remains as a special growth of gliomas in WHO 2016 classification without established treatment guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haeyon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kang SY, Koo CM, Kim SH, Kim HD, Lee JS, Kang HC. Prognostic Factors for Absence Epilepsy in Childhood. Ann Child Neurol 2019. [DOI: 10.26815/acn.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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La Jeon Y, Kang SY, Lee WI, Kim MH. Clinical Aspects of the Dense Fine Speckled Pattern in Indirect Immunofluorescence-Antinuclear Antibody Screening and Its Association with DFS70 Autoantibodies. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2019; 49:496-502. [PMID: 31471339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
GOALS The existence of anti-dense fine speckled (DFS) 70 autoantibodies are considered an exclusionary biomarker for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Several tests to confirm the presence of anti-DFS70 autoantibodies have been introduced, and the use of them in specimens with a DFS pattern in indirect immunofluorescence-antinuclear antibody (IIF-ANA) testing has been suggested. However, these additional tests have only been evaluated in a small number of samples; their clinical usefulness therefore requires further evaluation. METHODS A total of 213 serum specimens showing DFS (n=155) or homogeneous (H; n=58) patterns were included. All specimens were tested by western blotting (WB) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Clinical information regarding SARDs was analyzed. RESULTS The detection rates for WB and EIA for anti-DFS70 autoantibodies in specimens with a DFS pattern were 86.5% and 73.5%, respectively. Detection rates in specimens with a low IIF-ANA titer were significantly lower than those in specimens with a high titer. The detection rate of anti-DFS70 autoantibodies in 58 specimens with an H pattern was 10.3% (6/58). Among 155 subjects with a DFS pattern in IIF-ANA staining, only five were diagnosed with SARD. CONCLUSIONS There is little need to confirm the presence of anti-DFS70 autoantibodies using other methods. When a DFS pattern is observed in IIF-ANA staining, it is more important to confirm the presence of other autoantibodies related to SARDs than to identify anti-DFS70 autoantibodies. Finally, more careful interpretation of IIF-ANA to specimens with a low IIF-ANA titer is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- You La Jeon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-In Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim HN, Jang J, Heo YJ, Kim B, Jung H, Jang Y, Kang SY, Kim ST, Lee J, Kang WK, Kim KM. PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer determined by digital image analyses: pitfalls and correlation with pathologist interpretation. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:243-250. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hwang J, Kang SY. Classification pattern and step-by-step procedure for cartilage grafts with silicone implants for nasal tip plasty in Asians. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:1832-1838. [PMID: 31350215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal augmentation using silicone and tip plasty with autogenous cartilage is commonly performed in Asians. No study has investigated the classification pattern and step-by-step procedure for tip plasty using silicone implants. Therefore, this study classified cartilage grafts using silicone implants in Asians and developed a step-by-step procedure for their implementation. The study included 39 patients who had undergone augmentation rhinoplasty with a silicone implant combined with a conchal cartilage graft as a shield, an onlay graft, or both. We classified the implant-conchal cartilage complex into two main types (edge and no-edge types). In the edge type, the shield graft tip was located 1-2 mm above the silicone implant or onlay graft. In the no-edge type, it was located at the same level as the silicone implant or onlay graft. Each type was classified into three groups depending on the number of onlay grafts: group I, 0; group II, 1; and group III, ≥2. The cartilage complex was placed on the dorsum. The conchal cartilages were harvested through a post-auricular incision while preserving the radix helicis as cartilage bars. The donor site was closed primarily without a tie-over dressing. Of the 39 patients, 35 were satisfied with the outcome. Three revision operations for implant displacement and one revision for a patient who changed her dorsal height preference were performed. No donor site morbidity occurred. This method may be safe and reliable, with minimal morbidity associated with graft harvesting for tip plasty in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Kang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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