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Silver SV, Popovics P. The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 38001899 PMCID: PMC10669591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Grisoni Sanchez C, Figueiredo ML, de Sartori Camargo L, Benevenuto LGD, Lacerda ZA, Fonseca-Alves CE. Is Osteopontin a Good Marker for Bone Metastasis in Canine Mammary Gland Tumor and Prostate Cancer? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3211. [PMID: 37893935 PMCID: PMC10603680 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein synthesized by a large number of cells, and its overexpression has been associated with the development and prognosis of cancer. OPN overexpression has been claimed to be a marker for the development of bone metastasis in human cancers, but no prior research has investigated the association between OPN expression and the metastasis of canine mammary gland tumors (MGTs) and prostate cancer (PC). Therefore, we investigated OPN expression in MGTs and PC samples from 50 canine patients with or without metastasis (bone vs. other sites). Higher OPN expression was detected in primary tumor samples from animals with bone metastasis than in those without bone involvement (p = 0.0321). In MGT samples, a significantly lower survival rate was observed in patients with higher OPN expression (p = 0.0171). In animals with PC, there was a strong trend toward lower survival in animals with positive OPN expression; however, this trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.0779). From these findings, it can be concluded that OPN may be a promising target for future MGTs and PC studies because of its role in enhancing cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laíza de Sartori Camargo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Luiz Guilherme Dercore Benevenuto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Zara Alves Lacerda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru 17048-290, Brazil;
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University—UNESP, Botucatu 18610-160, Brazil; (L.d.S.C.); (L.G.D.B.); (Z.A.L.)
- Veterinary Oncology Clinic—SEOVET, São Paulo 05016-000, Brazil
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Leslie A, Teh E, Druker A, Pinto DM. A targeted isotope dilution mass spectrometry assay for osteopontin quantification in plasma of metastatic breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281491. [PMID: 37384615 PMCID: PMC10309610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted glycophosphoprotein that derives its name from its high abundance in bone and secretion by osteoblasts. It is also secreted by a number of immune cells and, therefore, is present in human plasma at nanogram per millilitre levels where it affects cell adhesion and motility. OPN is involved in several normal physiological processes; however, OPN dyregulation leads to overexpression by tumor cells leading to immune evasion and increased metastasis. Plasma OPN is primarily measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, due to the complexity of the various OPN isoforms, conflicting results have been obtained on the use of OPN as a biomarker even in the same disease condition. These discrepant results may result from the difficulty in comparing ELISA results obtained with different antibodies that target unique OPN epitopes. Mass spectrometry can be used to quantify proteins in plasma and, by targeting OPN regions that do not bear post-translational modifications, may provide more consistent quantification. However, the low (ng/mL) levels in plasma present a significant analytical challenge. In order to develop a sensitive assay for plasma OPN, we explored a single-step precipitation method using a recently developed spin-tube format. Quantification was performed using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. The concentration detection limit of this assay was 39 ± 15 ng/mL. The assay was applied to the analysis of plasma OPN in metastatic breast cancer patients, where levels from 17 to 53 ng/mL were detected. The sensitivity of the method is higher than previously published methods and sufficient for OPN detection in large, high grade tumors but still requires improvement in sensitivity to be widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leslie
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn Teh
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United Kingdom
| | - Arik Druker
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Division of Medical Oncology, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United Kingdom
| | - Devanand M. Pinto
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United Kingdom
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Saup R, Nair N, Shen J, Schmaus A, Thiele W, Garvalov BK, Sleeman JP. Increased Circulating Osteopontin Levels Promote Primary Tumour Growth, but Do Not Induce Metastasis in Melanoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041038. [PMID: 37189656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoprotein with diverse functions in various physiological and pathological processes. OPN expression is increased in multiple cancers, and OPN within tumour tissue has been shown to promote key stages of cancer development. OPN levels are also elevated in the circulation of cancer patients, which in some cases has been correlated with enhanced metastatic propensity and poor prognosis. However, the precise impact of circulating OPN (cOPN) on tumour growth and progression remains insufficiently understood. To examine the role of cOPN, we used a melanoma model, in which we stably increased the levels of cOPN through adeno-associated virus-mediated transduction. We found that increased cOPN promoted the growth of primary tumours, but did not significantly alter the spontaneous metastasis of melanoma cells to the lymph nodes or lungs, despite an increase in the expression of multiple factors linked to tumour progression. To assess whether cOPN has a role at later stages of metastasis formation, we employed an experimental metastasis model, but again could not detect any increase in pulmonary metastasis in animals with elevated levels of cOPN. These results demonstrate that increased levels of OPN in the circulation play distinct roles during different stages of melanoma progression.
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Lepucki A, Orlińska K, Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kabut J, Olczyk P, Komosińska-Vassev K. The Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051250. [PMID: 35268340 PMCID: PMC8911242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a structure composed of many molecules, including fibrillar (types I, II, III, V, XI, XXIV, XXVII) and non-fibrillar collagens (mainly basement membrane collagens: types IV, VIII, X), non-collagenous glycoproteins (elastin, laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, tenascin, osteopontin, osteonectin, entactin, periostin) embedded in a gel of negatively charged water-retaining glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as non-sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulfated GAGs which are linked to a core protein to form proteoglycans (PGs). This highly dynamic molecular network provides critical biochemical and biomechanical cues that mediate the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, influence cell growth, migration and differentiation and serve as a reservoir of cytokines and growth factors’ action. The breakdown of normal ECM and its replacement with tumor ECM modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and is an essential part of tumorigenesis and metastasis, acting as key driver for malignant progression. Abnormal ECM also deregulate behavior of stromal cells as well as facilitating tumor-associated angiogenesis and inflammation. Thus, the tumor matrix modulates each of the classically defined hallmarks of cancer promoting the growth, survival and invasion of the cancer. Moreover, various ECM-derived components modulate the immune response affecting T cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), dendritic cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). This review article considers the role that extracellular matrix play in breast cancer. Determining the detailed connections between the ECM and cellular processes has helped to identify novel disease markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Lepucki
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Kinga Orlińska
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Kabut
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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Zhang H, Wu Y, Li H, Sun L, Meng X. Model constructions of chemosensitivity and prognosis of high grade serous ovarian cancer based on evaluation of immune microenvironment and immune response. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:593. [PMID: 34736480 PMCID: PMC8567582 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients is closely related to the immune microenvironment and immune response. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to construct a model to predict chemosensitivity and prognosis, and provide novel biomarkers for immunotherapy and prognosis evaluation of HGSOC. METHODS GSE40595 (38 samples), GSE18520 (63 samples), GSE26712 (195 samples), TCGA (321 samples) and GTEx (88 samples) were integrated to screen differential expressed genes (DEGs) of HGSOC. The prognosis related DEGs (DEPGs) were screened through overall survival analysis. The DEGs-encoded protein-protein interaction network was constructed and hub genes of DEPGs (DEPHGs) were generated by STRING. Immune characteristics of the samples were judged by ssGSEA, ESTIMATE and CYBERSORT. TIMER was used to analyze the relationship between DEPHGs and tumor-infiltrating immunocytes, as well as the immune checkpoint genes, finally immune-related DEPHGs (IDEPHGs) were determined, and whose expression in 12 pairs of HGSOC tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues were analyzed by histological verification. Furthermore, the chemosensitivity genes in IDEPHGs were screened according to GSE15622 (n = 65). Finally, two prediction models of paclitaxel sensitivity score (PTX score) and carboplatin sensitivity score (CBP score) were constructed by lasso algorithm. The area under curve was calculated to estimate the accuracy of candidate gene models in evaluating chemotherapy sensitivity. RESULTS 491 DEGs were screened and 37 DEGs were identified as DEPGs, and 11 DEPHGs were further identified. Among them, CXCL13, IDO1, PI3, SPP1 and TRIM22 were screened as IDEPHGs and verified in the human tissues. Further analysis showed that IDO1, PI3 and TRIM22 could independently affect the chemotherapy sensitivity of HGSOC patients. The PTX score was significantly better than TRIM22, PI3, SPP1, IDO1 and CXCL13 in predicting paclitaxel sensitivity, so was CBP score in predicting carboplatin sensitivity. What's more, both of the HGSOC patients with high PTX score or high CBP score had longer survival time. CONCLUSIONS Five IDEPHGs identified through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis were closely related with the prognosis, immune microenvironment and chemotherapy sensitivity of HGSOC. Two prediction models based on IDEPHGs might have potential application of chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis for patients with HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Wu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Sun
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai Meng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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SPP1 Regulates Radiotherapy Sensitivity of Gastric Adenocarcinoma via the Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:1642852. [PMID: 34367279 PMCID: PMC8337119 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1642852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Radiotherapy has been widely applied for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The aberrant expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is involved in radiosensitivity in a variety of cancers. The present study aims to characterize the clinical significance of SPP1 expression in GAC and its role and underlying mechanism of radiosensitivity. Methods The SPP1 expression in GAC tissues and pericarcinomatous tissues was determined by QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, and the SPP1 expression in GAC cell lines (BGC823, AGS, and SGC7901) and normal human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) was determined by western blot. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Cox regression model, and Kaplan–Meier plotter were applied to further assess the association between SPP1 expression and the prognosis of the patients with GAC. After irradiation and transfection with si-SPP1 combined with or without Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor (XAV939), western blot, transwell, flow cytometry, and TOP-flash reporter assay were applied to detect DNA damage, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, respectively. Results SPP1 mRNA and protein levels in GAC tissues were both dramatically higher than those in pericarcinomatous tissues. SPP1 overexpression was positively associated with tumor size, nodal status, and histological grade of GAC patients. SPP1 overexpression, depth of invasion, and nodal status were independent prognostic factors for the patients. High SPP1 expression was negatively related to the overall survival in patients with GAC. We found that SPP1 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitivity of GAC cell lines (AGS and SGC7901). Increasing H2AX phosphorylation, apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, and decreasing invasion were observed after the administration of si-SPP1 and irradiation. Radiosensitivity of SPP1 was mainly dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. XAV939 could enhance these phenomena induced by irradiation combined with SPP1 knockdown. Conclusion This study demonstrates that SPP1 suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling to enhance the radiosensitivity of GAC via inhibiting invasion and accelerating DNA damage, G2/M phase arrest, and apoptosis.
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You KS, Yi YW, Cho J, Park JS, Seong YS. Potentiating Therapeutic Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:589. [PMID: 34207383 PMCID: PMC8233743 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subset of breast cancer with aggressive characteristics and few therapeutic options. The lack of an appropriate therapeutic target is a challenging issue in treating TNBC. Although a high level expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been associated with a poor prognosis among patients with TNBC, targeted anti-EGFR therapies have demonstrated limited efficacy for TNBC treatment in both clinical and preclinical settings. However, with the advantage of a number of clinically approved EGFR inhibitors (EGFRis), combination strategies have been explored as a promising approach to overcome the intrinsic resistance of TNBC to EGFRis. In this review, we analyzed the literature on the combination of EGFRis with other molecularly targeted therapeutics or conventional chemotherapeutics to understand the current knowledge and to provide potential therapeutic options for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sic You
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Sun Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Graduate School of Convergence Medical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 3116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea; (Y.W.Y.); (J.C.)
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Behbahani RG, Danyaei A, Teimoori A, Neisi N, Tahmasbi MJ. Breast cancer radioresistance may be overcome by osteopontin gene knocking out with CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:222-228. [PMID: 33422414 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoglycoprotein, with a wide range of physiological and pathological roles. High expression of OPN promotes aggressive behavior, causes poor prognosis in tumor cells, and reduces the survival of patients. Since overexpression of OPN gives rise to radioresistance, the effects of the gene knock out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in combination with radiation are emphasized. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to knock out the OPN gene in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. After transfection, the cells were irradiated. The changes of the OPN mRNA levels, the apoptosis, and the differences in cell viability were assessed. RESULTS A significant reduction in the OPN expression was observed alone or along with irradiation. The knocked out gene alone increased apoptosis rate. The cell viability decreased to after knocking out of the OPN gene. The gene knocking-out combined with irradiation led to more decline of cell viability. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that after knocking out the OPN gene, the MDA-MB-231 cells showed a significant radiosensitivity. Therefore, the OPN knock out in combination with conventional radiotherapy, may become an efficient therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Behbahani
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Danyaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - A Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - N Neisi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M J Tahmasbi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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The Tumor Microenvironment as a Driving Force of Breast Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123863. [PMID: 33371274 PMCID: PMC7766255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer stem cells are a subset of transformed cells that sustain tumor growth and can metastasize to secondary organs. Since metastasis accounts for most cancer deaths, it is of paramount importance to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this subgroup of cells. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the habitat in which transformed cells evolve, and it is composed by many different cell types and the extracellular matrix (ECM). A body of evidence strongly indicates that microenvironmental cues modulate stemness in breast cancer, and that the coevolution of the TME and cancer stem cells determine the fate of breast tumors. In this review, we summarize the studies providing links between the TME and the breast cancer stem cell phenotype and we discuss their specific interactions with immune cell subsets, stromal cells, and the ECM. Abstract Tumor progression involves the co-evolution of transformed cells and the milieu in which they live and expand. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a specialized subset of cells that sustain tumor growth and drive metastatic colonization. However, the cellular hierarchy in breast tumors is rather plastic, and the capacity to transition from one cell state to another depends not only on the intrinsic properties of transformed cells, but also on the interplay with their niches. It has become evident that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major player in regulating the BCSC phenotype and metastasis. The complexity of the TME is reflected in its number of players and in the interactions that they establish with each other. Multiple types of immune cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) form an intricate communication network with cancer cells, exert a highly selective pressure on the tumor, and provide supportive niches for BCSC expansion. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating these interactions is crucial to develop strategies aimed at interfering with key BCSC niche factors, which may help reducing tumor heterogeneity and impair metastasis.
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Osteopontin: A Key Regulator of Tumor Progression and Immunomodulation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113379. [PMID: 33203146 PMCID: PMC7698217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4-based immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy have recently emerged as a breakthrough in human cancer treatment. Durable efficacy has been achieved in many types of human cancers. However, not all human cancers respond to current ICB immunotherapy and only a fraction of the responsive cancers exhibit efficacy. Osteopontin (OPN) expression is highly elevated in human cancers and functions as a tumor promoter. Emerging data suggest that OPN may also regulate immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. This review aims at OPN function in human cancer progression and new findings of OPN as a new immune checkpoint. We propose that OPN compensates PD-L1 function to promote tumor immune evasion, which may underlie human cancer non-response to current ICB immunotherapy. Abstract OPN is a multifunctional phosphoglycoprotein expressed in a wide range of cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, neurons, epithelial cells, T, B, NK, NK T, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells. OPN plays an important role in diverse biological processes and is implicated in multiple diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, kidney, proinflammatory, fibrosis, nephrolithiasis, wound healing, and cancer. In cancer patients, overexpressed OPN is often detected in the tumor microenvironment and elevated serum OPN level is correlated with poor prognosis. Initially identified in activated T cells and termed as early T cell activation gene, OPN links innate cells to adaptive cells in immune response to infection and cancer. Recent single cell RNA sequencing revealed that OPN is primarily expressed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells in human cancer patients. Emerging experimental data reveal a key role of OPN is tumor immune evasion through regulating macrophage polarization, recruitment, and inhibition of T cell activation in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in addition to its well-established direct tumor cell promotion function, OPN also acts as an immune checkpoint to negatively regulate T cell activation. The OPN protein level is highly elevated in peripheral blood of human cancer patients. OPN blockade immunotherapy with OPN neutralization monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) thus represents an attractive approach in human cancer immunotherapy.
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Elbaiomy MA, Akl T, Elhelaly R, El-Beshbishi W, El Ghonemy MS, Elzehery R. Osteopontin level and promoter polymorphism in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Curr Oncol 2020; 27:e444-e450. [PMID: 33173383 PMCID: PMC7606043 DOI: 10.3747/co.27.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer initiation typically occurs when a proto-oncogene's coding region undergoes mutation, resulting in uncontrollable cell growth and division, or when a tumour suppressor gene's coding region is affected by a mutation that inhibits activity of the resulting gene product. The pathophysiologic result is, respectively, exaggerated cell-cycle growth or deficient programmed cell death. Osteopontin (opn) is an integrin-binding phosphoprotein that is expressed on the surface of normal cells. Osteopontin has a major role in diverse tumour components, especially those implicated in invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to illustrate the value of opn as a possible contributor in breast cancer (bca). Methods This prospective study included 115 patients newly diagnosed with bca and distant metastasis who were recruited from the Oncology Center, Mansoura University, and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. The patients recruited had been diagnosed with disseminated visceral metastasis (visceral crisis), with or without bone metastasis; patients with cranial metastasis were excluded from the study. All patients received first-line chemotherapy with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2 or carboplatin 6 auc (area under the curve) on day 1 every 21 days for a maximum of 6 cycles or till development of toxicity. Trastuzumab (in cases of her2-positive disease) was given whenever possible (if government assistance or personal finances permitted). Serum levels of opn were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) before treatment was started. A group of 30 matched healthy women whose median serum opn level was 15 ng/dL were included, and that level was therefore defined as the cut-off value. In addition, opn gene mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). Correlations of pretreatment serum opn and opn gene mutation with various patient clinicopathologic variables, response to the treatment, progression-free survival (pfs), and overall survival (os) were assessed. Results Mean serum opn was highest in her2-amplified bca (64.4 ± 42.3 ng/dL), and then in triple-negative bca (55.9 ± 34.7 ng/dL), followed by the luminal B and A subtypes (38.4 ± 33.1 ng/dL and 36.3 ± 32.2 ng/dL respectively, p = 0.017). Testing by pcr revealed that opn gene mutation was highest in triple-negative bca (85% opn mutant vs. 15% non-mutant), and then in her2-overexpressed bca (80% opn mutant vs. 20% non-mutant), followed by luminal B bca (61.9% opn mutant vs. 38.1% non-mutant); the least expression was detected in luminal A bca (57.9% opn mutant vs. 42.1% non-mutant). Interestingly, patients with high serum opn and opn gene mutation experienced both poor pfs (median: 12 months vs. 14 months; p = 0.001) and poor os (median: 14 months vs. 18 months; p = 0.001). Moreover, participants with opn gene mutation experienced a poor response: of those with progressive disease, 74% had opn mutation and 26% had unmutated opn (p = 0.04). Additionally, high pretreatment serum opn was correlated with poor treatment response: 49.1 ± 33.8 ng/dL in patients with progressive disease and 35.5 ± 34.3 ng/dL in those who achieved a complete response, a partial response, or stable disease (p = 0.05). Strong concordance was found between high serum opn and opn gene mutation in 69 tumours (79.3%), and strong concordance was detected between normal or low serum opn and non-mutant opn in 28 tumours (60.8%). Conclusions The current prospective work helps to highlight opn as a valid prognostic biomarker for patients with metastatic bca and reveals that high pretreatment serum opn and opn gene mutation are both strongly linked with poor response and survival. Concordance between elisa and pcr results indicates that either method can be used for the evaluation of opn. Increased opn gene mutation in triple-negative bca could assist in tailoring the treatment response in this very aggressive tumour subtype and could be considered a targetable molecule in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Elbaiomy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - T Akl
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - R Elhelaly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - W El-Beshbishi
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M S El Ghonemy
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - R Elzehery
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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13
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Dionísio de Sousa IJ, Marques DS, Príncipe C, Portugal RV, Canberk S, Prazeres H, Lopes JM, Gimba ERP, Lima RT, Soares P. Predictive Biomarkers and Patient Outcome in Platinum-Resistant (PLD-Treated) Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080525. [PMID: 32731632 PMCID: PMC7459532 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of predictive biomarkers for ovarian cancer (OC) treatment, particularly in the platinum-resistant/refractory setting, is highly relevant for clinical management. E-cadherin, vimentin, and osteopontin (OPN) are proteins associated with tumor microenvironment (TME) remodelling that play key roles in cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the staining patterns of these proteins with survival outcomes in a series of OC patients, namely in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory disease. Low E-cadherin expression and high vimentin expression in all patient groups (as well as for E-cadherin in the platinum-resistant arm) were significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS). Low cytoplasmic OPN expression (and cytoplasmic and membrane OPN in the platinum-resistant arm) were significantly associated with longer OS. In patients that responded to treatment (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) or other), low cytoplasmic OPN expression was also associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS). In the other hand, high nuclear OPN-c expression in patients that respond to treatment was associated with longer OS and longer PFS. Longer PFS was also associated with high expression of both nuclear and cytoplasm OPN-c, in platinum-resistant patients and in those that responded to PLD. Our study indicates that the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and OPN may have prognostic implications. Nuclear OPN-c and cytoplasm OPN expression are putative predictive markers in platinum-resistant (PLD treated) ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J. Dionísio de Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.J.D.d.S.); (R.V.P.); (J.M.L.); (P.S.)
- Department of Oncology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de João, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Durval S. Marques
- Natural Science Department, Health and Humanities Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil; (D.S.M.); (E.R.P.G.)
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Research Coordination, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Catarina Príncipe
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (S.C.); (H.P.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel V. Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.J.D.d.S.); (R.V.P.); (J.M.L.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sule Canberk
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (S.C.); (H.P.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Prazeres
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (S.C.); (H.P.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. Lopes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.J.D.d.S.); (R.V.P.); (J.M.L.); (P.S.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (S.C.); (H.P.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Etel R. P. Gimba
- Natural Science Department, Health and Humanities Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Rio das Ostras 28895-532, Brazil; (D.S.M.); (E.R.P.G.)
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Research Coordination, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil
| | - Raquel T. Lima
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.J.D.d.S.); (R.V.P.); (J.M.L.); (P.S.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (S.C.); (H.P.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-408-800
| | - Paula Soares
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (I.J.D.d.S.); (R.V.P.); (J.M.L.); (P.S.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (S.C.); (H.P.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Gerarduzzi C, Hartmann U, Leask A, Drobetsky E. The Matrix Revolution: Matricellular Proteins and Restructuring of the Cancer Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2705-2717. [PMID: 32193287 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells is indispensable for regulating their behavior. The dynamics of ECM signaling are tightly controlled throughout growth and development. During tissue remodeling, matricellular proteins (MCP) are secreted into the ECM. These factors do not serve classical structural roles, but rather regulate matrix proteins and cell-matrix interactions to influence normal cellular functions. In the tumor microenvironment, it is becoming increasingly clear that aberrantly expressed MCPs can support multiple hallmarks of carcinogenesis by interacting with various cellular components that are coupled to an array of downstream signals. Moreover, MCPs also reorganize the biomechanical properties of the ECM to accommodate metastasis and tumor colonization. This realization is stimulating new research on MCPs as reliable and accessible biomarkers in cancer, as well as effective and selective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Elliot Drobetsky
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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15
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Isoform-specific promotion of breast cancer tumorigenicity by TBX3 involves induction of angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2020; 100:400-413. [PMID: 31570773 PMCID: PMC7044113 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TBX3 is a member of the highly conserved family of T-box transcription factors involved in embryogenesis, organogenesis and tumor progression. While the functional role of TBX3 in tumorigenesis has been widely studied, less is known about the specific functions of the different isoforms (TBX3iso1 and TBX3iso2) which differ in their DNA-binding domain. We therefore sought to investigate the functional consequence of this highly conserved splice event as it relates to TBX3-induced tumorigenesis. By utilizing a nude mouse xenograft model, we have identified differential tumorigenic potential between TBX3 isoforms, with TBX3iso1 overexpression more commonly associated with invasive carcinoma and high tumor vascularity. Transcriptional analysis of signaling pathways altered by TBX3iso1 and TBX3iso2 overexpression revealed significant differences in angiogenesis-related genes. Importantly, osteopontin (OPN), a cancer-associated secreted phosphoprotein, was significantly up-regulated with TBX3iso1 (but not TBX3iso2) overexpression. This pattern was observed across three non/weakly-tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines (21PT, 21NT, and MCF7). Up-regulation of OPN in TBX3iso1 overexpressing cells was associated with induction of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) expression and increased retention of hyaluronan in pericellular matrices. These transcriptional changes were accompanied by the ability to induce endothelial cell vascular channel formation by conditioned media in vitro, which could be inhibited through addition of an OPN neutralizing antibody. Within the TCGA breast cancer cohort, we identified an 8.1-fold higher TBX3iso1 to TBX3iso2 transcript ratio in tumors relative to control, and this ratio was positively associated with high-tumor grade and an aggressive molecular subtype. Collectively, the described changes involving TBX3iso1-dependent promotion of angiogenesis may thus serve as an adaptive mechanism within breast cancer cells, potentially explaining differences in tumor formation rates between TBX3 isoforms in vivo. This study is the first of its kind to report significant functional differences between the two TBX3 isoforms, both in vitro and in vivo.
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16
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Lindahl G, Rzepecka A, Dabrosin C. Increased Extracellular Osteopontin Levels in Normal Human Breast Tissue at High Risk of Developing Cancer and Its Association With Inflammatory Biomarkers in situ. Front Oncol 2019; 9:746. [PMID: 31475105 PMCID: PMC6707004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammographic breast density is a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC), but the molecular mechanisms behind this risk is yet undetermined and prevention strategies for these women are lacking. The anti-estrogen tamoxifen may reduce the risk of BC but this treatment is associated with severe side effects. Thus, other means for BC prevention, such as diet interventions, need to be developed. Osteopontin (OPN) is a major mediator of inflammation which is key in carcinogenesis. OPN may be cleaved by proteases in the tissue and cleaved OPN may in turn induce an inflammatory cascade in the extracellular microenvironment. We aimed to determine if extracellular OPN was altered in BC and in normal breast tissue with different densities and if tamoxifen or a diet of flaxseed could modify OPN levels. The study comprised 103 women; 13 diagnosed with BC, 42 healthy post-menopausal women with different breast densities at their mammography screen, and 34 post-menopausal women who added 25 g of ground flaxseed/day or were treated with tamoxifen 20 mg/day and were investigated before and after 6 weeks of exposure. Additionally, 10 premenopausal women who added flaxseed for one menstrual cycle and four who were investigated in two unexposed consecutive luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Microdialysis was used to sample extracellular proteins in vivo in breast tissue and proteins were quantified using a multiplex proximity extension assay. We found that, similar to BC, extracellular in vivo OPN levels were significantly increased in dense breast tissue. Additionally, significant correlations were found between OPN and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-1, −8, −9, −10, and −11, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, −2, −3, 7, and −12 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator whereas no correlations were found with MMP-9, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, and −5. Estradiol did not affect OPN levels in breast tissue. None of the interventions altered OPN levels. The pro-tumorigenic protein OPN may indeed be a molecular target for BC prevention in women with increased breast density but other means than tamoxifen or flaxseed i.e., more potent anti-inflammatory approaches, need to be evaluated for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Lindahl
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Rzepecka
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Radiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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17
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Macur K, Hagen L, Ciesielski TM, Konieczna L, Skokowski J, Jenssen BM, Slupphaug G, Bączek T. A targeted mass spectrometry immunoassay to quantify osteopontin in fresh-frozen breast tumors and adjacent normal breast tissues. J Proteomics 2019; 208:103469. [PMID: 31374364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein that can activate cell-signaling pathways and lead to cancer development and metastasis. Elevated OPN expression was reported in different cancer types, including breast tumors. Here, we present a new immuno-mass spectrometry method for OPN quantification in fresh-frozen malignant and adjacent normal human breast tissues. For quantification we used two proteotypic peptides: OPN-peptide-1 and OPN-peptide-2. Peptide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with stable isotope standards (SIS) and immuno-affinity enrichment for isolation of OPN peptides. Based on the OPN-peptide-1, the average OPN concentration in normal breast tissue was 19.42 μg/g, while the corresponding level in breast tumors was 603.9 μg/g. Based on OPN-peptide-2, the average concentration in normal breast tissue was 19.30 μg/g and in breast tumors 535.0 μg/g. In ER/PR/HER2(-) patients the OPN levels in breast tumors were significantly higher than in corresponding normal breast tissue samples, whereas in the single ER/PR/HER2(+) patient the OPN concentration in tumor samples was lower than in normal breast tissue sample. In conclusion, the current method is considered promising for the quantification of OPN in research and in clinical settings and should be further studied in breast cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE: A new immuno-mass spectrometry method was successfully developed and applied to determine OPN concentrations in malignant tumor and normal breast tissues from six patients, and the method is promising for OPN quantification in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Macur
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Core Facility Laboratories, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, ul. Abrahama 58, 80-807 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt.1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; PROMEC, Proteomics and Modomics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Norway.
| | - Tomasz M Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lucyna Konieczna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Skokowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure (BBMRI.PL), Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Bjørn M Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Erling Skjalgssons gt.1, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; PROMEC, Proteomics and Modomics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority Norway, Norway.
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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18
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Ben-David-Naim M, Dagan A, Grad E, Aizik G, Nordling-David MM, Morss Clyne A, Granot Z, Golomb G. Targeted siRNA Nanoparticles for Mammary Carcinoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E442. [PMID: 30934857 PMCID: PMC6521050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral, polymeric-based, siRNA nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as promising gene delivery systems. Encapsulating siRNA in targeted NPs could confer improved biological stability, extended half-life, enhanced permeability, effective tumor accumulation, and therapy. In this work, a peptide derived from apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB-P), the protein moiety of low-density lipoprotein, was used to target siRNA-loaded PEGylated NPs to the extracellular matrix/proteoglycans (ECM/PGs) of a mammary carcinoma tumor. siRNA against osteopontin (siOPN), a protein involved in breast cancer development and progression, was encapsulated into PEGylated poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs using the double emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The NPs obtained possessed desired physicochemical properties including ~200 nm size, a neutral surface charge, and high siOPN loading of ~5 µg/mg. ApoB-P-targeted NPs exhibited both enhanced binding to isolated ECM and internalization by MDA-MB-231 human mammary carcinoma cells, in comparison to non-targeted NPs. Increased accumulation of the targeted NPs was achieved in the primary mammary tumor of mice xenografted with MDA-MB-231 mammary carcinoma cells as well as in the lungs, one of the main sites affected by metastases. siOPN NPs treatment resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth (similar bioactivity of both formulations), accompanied with significant reduction of OPN mRNA levels (~40% knockdown of mRNA levels). We demonstrated that targeted NPs possessed enhanced tumor accumulation with increased therapeutic potential in mice models of mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meital Ben-David-Naim
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Arie Dagan
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Etty Grad
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Gil Aizik
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Mirjam M Nordling-David
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Alisa Morss Clyne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Zvi Granot
- Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Gershon Golomb
- Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
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19
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Zhou Y, Romson J, Emmer Å. An antibody-free sample pretreatment method for osteopontin combined with MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213405. [PMID: 30845167 PMCID: PMC6405093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is an osteoblast-secreted protein with an aspartic acid-rich, highly phosphorylated, and glycosylated structure. Osteopontin can easily bind to integrins, tumor cells, extracellular matrix and calcium, and is related to bone diseases, various cancers, inflammation etc. Here, DEAE-Cibacron blue 3GA was used to extract recombinant osteopontin from human plasma, and to deplete abundant plasma proteins with an antibody-free method. Using selected buffer systems, osteopontin and human serum albumin could be bound to DEAE-Cibacron blue 3GA, while immunoglobulin G was excluded. The bound osteopontin could then be separated from albumin by using different sequential elution buffers. By this method, 1 μg/mL recombinant osteopontin could be separated from the major part of the most abundant proteins in human plasma. After trypsin digestion, the extracted osteopontin could be successfully detected and identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS using the m/z 1854.898 peptide and its fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Zhou
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Romson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Emmer
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Villanueva F, Araya H, Briceño P, Varela N, Stevenson A, Jerez S, Tempio F, Chnaiderman J, Perez C, Villarroel M, Concha E, Khani F, Thaler R, Salazar-Onfray F, Stein GS, van Wijnen AJ, Galindo M. The cancer-related transcription factor RUNX2 modulates expression and secretion of the matricellular protein osteopontin in osteosarcoma cells to promote adhesion to endothelial pulmonary cells and lung metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13659-13679. [PMID: 30637720 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are bone tumors that frequently metastasize to the lung. Aberrant expression of the transcription factor, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), is a key pathological feature in osteosarcoma and associated with loss of p53 and miR-34 expression. Elevated RUNX2 may transcriptionally activate genes mediating tumor progression and metastasis, including the RUNX2 target gene osteopontin (OPN/SPP1). This gene encodes a secreted matricellular protein produced by osteoblasts to regulate bone matrix remodeling and tissue calcification. Here we investigated whether and how the RUNX2/OPN axis regulates lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. Importantly, RUNX2 depletion attenuates lung metastasis of osteosarcoma cells in vivo. Using next-generation RNA-sequencing, protein-based assays, as well as the loss- and gain-of-function approaches in selected osteosarcoma cell lines, we show that osteopontin messenger RNA levels closely correlate with RUNX2 expression and that RUNX2 controls the levels of secreted osteopontin. Elevated osteopontin levels promote heterotypic cell-cell adhesion of osteosarcoma cells to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, but not in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, these findings indicate that the RUNX2/OPN axis regulates the ability of osteosarcoma cells to attach to pulmonary endothelial cells as a key step in metastasis of osteosarcoma cells to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Villanueva
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Araya
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Briceño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andres Stevenson
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Tempio
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonas Chnaiderman
- Program of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carola Perez
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milena Villarroel
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile.,National Child Programme of Antineoplastic Drugs (PINDA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Concha
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Cancer Center, The Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mario Galindo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Anborgh PH, Lee DJ, Stam PF, Tuck AB, Chambers AF. Role of osteopontin as a predictive biomarker for anti-EGFR therapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:727-734. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1502272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny J. Lee
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alan B. Tuck
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann F. Chambers
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Palanissami G, Paul SFD. RAGE and Its Ligands: Molecular Interplay Between Glycation, Inflammation, and Hallmarks of Cancer—a Review. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:295-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Henry A, Nokin MJ, Leroi N, Lallemand F, Lambert J, Goffart N, Roncarati P, Bianchi E, Peixoto P, Blomme A, Turtoi A, Peulen O, Habraken Y, Scholtes F, Martinive P, Delvenne P, Rogister B, Castronovo V, Bellahcène A. New role of osteopontin in DNA repair and impact on human glioblastoma radiosensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63708-63721. [PMID: 27563812 PMCID: PMC5325397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and common solid human brain tumor. We have recently demonstrated the importance of osteopontin (OPN) in the acquisition/maintenance of stemness characters and tumorigenicity of glioma initiating cells. Consultation of publicly available TCGA database indicated that high OPN expression correlated with poor survival in GBM patients. In this study, we explored the role of OPN in GBM radioresistance using an OPN-depletion strategy in U87-MG, U87-MG vIII and U251-MG human GBM cell lines. Clonogenic experiments showed that OPN-depleted GBM cells were sensitized to irradiation. In comet assays, these cells displayed higher amounts of unrepaired DNA fragments post-irradiation when compared to control. We next evaluated the phosphorylation of key markers of DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Activating phosphorylation of H2AX, ATM and 53BP1 was significantly decreased in OPN-deficient cells. The addition of recombinant OPN prior to irradiation rescued phospho-H2AX foci formation thus establishing a new link between DNA repair and OPN expression in GBM cells. Finally, OPN knockdown improved mice survival and induced a significant reduction of heterotopic human GBM xenograft when combined with radiotherapy. This study reveals a new function of OPN in DNA damage repair process post-irradiation thus further confirming its major role in GBM aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Henry
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Leroi
- Biology and Tumor Development Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Biology and Tumor Development Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Cyclotron Research Center, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Goffart
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences and the T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elettra Bianchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Peixoto
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yvette Habraken
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Félix Scholtes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Sahab ZJ, Semaan SM, Sang QXA. Methodology and Applications of Disease Biomarker Identification in Human Serum. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190700200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are biomolecules that serve as indicators of biological and pathological processes, or physiological and pharmacological responses to a drug treatment. Because of the high abundance of albumin and heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins and glycoproteins, biomarkers are difficult to identify in human serum. Due to the clinical significance the identification of disease biomarkers in serum holds great promise for personalized medicine, especially for disease diagnosis and prognosis. This review summarizes some common and emerging proteomics techniques utilized in the separation of serum samples and identification of disease signatures. The practical application of each protein separation or identification technique is analyzed using specific examples. Biomarkers of cancers of prostate, breast, ovary, and lung in human serum have been reviewed, as well as those of heart disease, arthritis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Despite the advancement of technology few biomarkers have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for disease diagnosis and prognosis due to the complexity of structure and function of protein biomarkers and lack of high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility for those putative biomarkers. The combination of different types of technologies and statistical analysis may provide more effective methods to identify and validate new disease biomarkers in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad J. Sahab
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, U.S.A
| | - Suzan M. Semaan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, U.S.A
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, U.S.A
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Meirinho SG, Dias LG, Peres AM, Rodrigues LR. Electrochemical aptasensor for human osteopontin detection using a DNA aptamer selected by SELEX. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 987:25-37. [PMID: 28916037 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A DNA aptamer with affinity and specificity for human osteopontin (OPN), a potential breast cancer biomarker, was selected using the SELEX process, considering its homology rate and the stability of its secondary structures. This aptamer exhibited a satisfactory affinity towards OPN, showing dissociation constants lower than 2.5 nM. It was further used to develop a simple, label-free electrochemical aptasensor against OPN. The aptasensor showed good sensitivity towards OPN in standard solutions, being the square wave voltammetry (SWV), compared to the cyclic voltammetry, the most sensitive technique with detection and quantification limits of 1.4 ± 0.4 nM and 4.2 ± 1.1 nM, respectively. It showed good reproducibility and acceptable selectivity, exhibiting low signal interferences from other proteins, as thrombin, with 2.6-10 times lower current signals-off than for OPN. The aptasensor also successfully detected OPN in spiked synthetic human plasma. Using SWV, detection and quantification limits (1.3 ± 0.1 and 3.9 ± 0.4 nM) within the OPN plasma levels reported for patients with breast cancer (0.4-4.5 nM) or with metastatic or recurrent breast cancer (0.9-8.4 nM) were found. Moreover, preliminary assays, using a sample of human plasma, showed that the aptasensor and the standard ELISA method quantified similar OPN levels (2.2 ± 0.7 and 1.7 ± 0.1 nM, respectively). Thus, our aptasensor coupled with SWV represents a promising alternative for the detection of relevant breast cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Meirinho
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Luís G Dias
- ESA - Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; CQ-VR - Centro de Química - Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António M Peres
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Pio GM, Xia Y, Piaseczny MM, Chu JE, Allan AL. Soluble bone-derived osteopontin promotes migration and stem-like behavior of breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177640. [PMID: 28498874 PMCID: PMC5428978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women, with the majority of these deaths caused by metastasis to distant organs. The most common site of breast cancer metastasis is the bone, which has been shown to provide a rich microenvironment that supports the migration and growth of breast cancer cells. Additionally, growing evidence suggests that breast cancer cells that do successfully metastasize have a stem-like phenotype including high activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and/or a CD44+CD24- phenotype. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that these ALDHhiCD44+CD24- breast cancer cells interact with factors in the bone secondary organ microenvironment to facilitate metastasis. Specifically, we focused on bone-derived osteopontin and its ability to promote the migration and stem-like phenotype of breast cancer cells. Our results indicate that bone-derived osteopontin promotes the migration, tumorsphere-forming ability and colony-forming ability of whole population and ALDHhiCD44+CD24- breast cancer cells in bone marrow-conditioned media (an ex vivo representation of the bone microenvironment) (p≤0.05). We also demonstrate that CD44 and RGD-dependent cell surface integrins facilitate this functional response to bone-derived osteopontin (p≤0.05), potentially through activation of WNK-1 and PRAS40-related pathways. Our findings suggest that soluble bone-derived osteopontin enhances the ability of breast cancer cells to migrate to the bone and maintain a stem-like phenotype within the bone microenvironment, and this may contribute to the establishment and growth of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciella M. Pio
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Xia
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew M. Piaseczny
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny E. Chu
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alison L. Allan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Lawson Health Research Institute; London, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Polat B, Kaiser P, Wohlleben G, Gehrke T, Scherzad A, Scheich M, Malzahn U, Fischer T, Vordermark D, Flentje M. Perioperative changes in osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma levels and their prognostic impact for radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28049456 PMCID: PMC5209814 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-3024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In head and neck cancer little is known about the kinetics of osteopontin (OPN) expression after tumor resection. In this study we evaluated the time course of OPN plasma levels before and after surgery. Methods Between 2011 and 2013 41 consecutive head and neck cancer patients were enrolled in a prospective study (group A). At different time points plasma samples were collected: T0) before, T1) 1 day, T2) 1 week and T3) 4 weeks after surgery. Osteopontin and TGFβ1 plasma concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA system. Data were compared to 131 head and neck cancer patients treated with primary (n = 42) or postoperative radiotherapy (n = 89; group B1 and B2). Results A significant OPN increase was seen as early as 1 day after surgery (T0 to T1, p < 0.01). OPN levels decreased to base line 3-4 weeks after surgery. OPN values were correlated with postoperative TGFβ1 expression suggesting a relation to wound healing. Survival analysis showed a significant benefit for patients with lower OPN levels both in the primary and postoperative radiotherapy group (B1: 33 vs 11.5 months, p = 0.017, B2: median not reached vs 33.4, p = 0.031). TGFβ1 was also of prognostic significance in group B1 (33.0 vs 10.7 months, p = 0.003). Conclusions Patients with head and neck cancer showed an increase in osteopontin plasma levels directly after surgery. Four weeks later OPN concentration decreased to pre-surgery levels. This long lasting increase was presumably associated to wound healing. Both pretherapeutic osteopontin and TGFβ1 had prognostic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kaiser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gehrke
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheich
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Malzahn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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Prognostic Value of Osteopontin Splice Variant-c Expression in Breast Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7310694. [PMID: 27462610 PMCID: PMC4947640 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7310694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in breast cancers, while its clinical and prognostic significance remained unclear. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of OPN, especially its splice variants, in breast cancers. Methods. Data were extracted from eligible studies concerning the OPN and OPN-c expression in breast cancer patients and were used to calculate the association between OPN/OPN-c and survival. Two reviewer teams independently screened the literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on quality evaluation. Following the processes of data extraction, assessment, and transformation, meta-analysis was carried out via RevMan 5.3 software. Results. A total of ten studies involving 1,567 patients were included. The results demonstrated that high level OPN indicated a poor outcome in the OS (HR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.23–4.00, and P = 0.008; random-effects model) with heterogeneity (I2 = 62%) of breast cancer patients. High level OPN-c appeared to be more significantly associated with poor survival (HR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.51–3.04, and P < 0.0001; fixed-effects model) with undetected heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Conclusions. Our analyses indicated that both OPN and OPN-c could be considered as prognostic markers for breast cancers. The high level of OPN-c was suggested to be more reliably associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients.
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Pass HI, Goparaju C, Espin-Garcia O, Donington J, Carbone M, Patel D, Chen Z, Feld R, Cho J, Gadgeel S, Wozniak A, Chachoua A, Leighl N, Tsao MS, de Perrot M, Xu W, Liu G. Plasma Biomarker Enrichment of Clinical Prognostic Indices in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:900-9. [PMID: 26903362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prognostic models for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are needed to prevent potentially futile outcomes. We combined MPM plasma biomarkers with validated clinical prognostic indices to determine whether stratification of risk for death in 194 patients with MPM improved. METHODS Individuals were recruited from three different centers: a discovery cohort (83 patients with MPM) created by combining patients from two U.S. centers and a separate, independent cohort from Canada (111 patients with MPM). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed on the initial discovery and independent cohorts separately. In the multivariable analyses, prognostic factors were adjusted for the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) prognostic index (PI) of mesothelioma. The prognostic significance of adding plasma biomarker data to the PI was determined by using the likelihood ratio test, comparing models with and without the addition of biomarker to the clinical PI. The predictive ability of the biomarker was then assessed formally using Harrell's C-index by applying the fitted model variables of the discovery cohort to the second, independent cohort, including and not including the biomarker with the PI. RESULTS Higher levels of osteopontin and mesothelin were individually associated with worse prognosis after adjusting for the PI. In the independent cohort, incorporating either plasma osteopontin or mesothelin into the baseline predictive PI model substantively and statistically significantly improved Harrell's C-statistic. In the final prognostic model, log-osteopontin, EORTC clinical prognostic index, and hemoglobin remained as independently significant predictors and the entire prognostic model improved the optimism-corrected Harrell's C-index significantly, from 0.718 (0.67-0.77) to 0.801 (0.77-0.84). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a possible role for preoperative plasma biomarkers to improve the prognostic capability of the EORTC PI of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey I Pass
- Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, New York.
| | | | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Devalben Patel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Feld
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Cho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirish Gadgeel
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Natasha Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Schummer M, Thorpe J, Giraldez M, Bergan L, Tewari M, Urban N. Evaluating Serum Markers for Hormone Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142911. [PMID: 26565788 PMCID: PMC4643893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. Death rates have been declining, largely as a result of early detection through mammography and improved treatment, but mammographic screening is controversial because of over-diagnosis of breast disease that might not require treatment, and under-diagnosis of cancer in women with dense breasts. Breast cancer screening could be improved by pairing mammography with a tumor circulating marker, of which there are currently none. Given genomic similarities between the basal breast cancer subtype and serous ovarian cancer, and given our success in identifying circulating markers for ovarian cancer, we investigated the performance in hormone receptor-negative breast cancer detection of both previously identified ovarian serum markers and circulating markers associated with transcripts that were differentially expressed in breast cancer tissue compared to healthy breast tissue from reduction mammaplasties. Methods We evaluated a total of 15 analytes (13 proteins, 1 miRNA, 1 autoantibody) in sera drawn at or before breast cancer surgery from 43 breast cancer cases (28 triple-negative—TN—and 15 hormone receptor-negative—HRN—/ HER2-positive) and 87 matched controls. Results In the analysis of our whole cohort of breast cancer cases, autoantibodies to TP53 performed significantly better than the other selected 14 analytes showing 25.6% and 34.9% sensitivity at 95% and 90% specificity respectively with AUC: 0.7 (p<0.001). The subset of 28 TN cancers showed very similar results. We observed no correlation between anti-TP53 and the 14 other markers; however, anti-TP53 expression correlated with Body-Mass-Index. It did not correlate with tumor size, positive lymph nodes, tumor stage, the presence of metastases or recurrence. Conclusion None of the 13 serum proteins nor miRNA 135b identified women with HRN or TN breast cancer. TP53 autoantibodies identified women with HRN breast cancer and may have potential for early detection, confirming earlier reports. TP53 autoantibodies are long lasting in serum but may be affected by storage duration. Autoantibodies to TP53 might correlate with Body-Mass-Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèl Schummer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason Thorpe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maria Giraldez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Bergan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Muneesh Tewari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicole Urban
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Chimparlee N, Chuaypen N, Khlaiphuengsin A, Pinjaroen N, Payungporn S, Poovorawan Y, Tangkijvanich P. Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles of Serum Osteopontin and Osteopontin Promoter Polymorphisms in Hepatitis B-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7211-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Faria M, Halquist MS, Yuan M, Mylott W, Jenkins RG, Karnes HT. Comparison of a stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide and an extended SIL peptide as internal standards to track digestion variability of an unstable signature peptide during quantification of a cancer biomarker, human osteopontin, from plasma using capillary microflow LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:156-68. [PMID: 26279007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human osteopontin (hOPN) is a secreted plasma protein which is elevated in various cancers and is indicative of poor prognosis. Here we describe investigations involving an extended peptide internal standard to track an unstable signature peptide followed by further method development and validation for quantitative measurement of hOPN from plasma using microflow liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (MFLC-MS/MS). A biologically relevant tryptic peptide 'GDSVVYGLR' was used as a signature peptide for this method. The optimized method involved immunocapture of the analyte protein using hOPN specific antibodies followed by trypsin digestion to obtain the signature peptide. Analysis was carried out on a Waters IonKey/MS system using a flow rate of 2.5μL/min. Immunocapture buffer was used as a surrogate matrix for the validation studies. The method was validated over a range of 25-600ng/mL. Intra-assay and inter-assay accuracies were within ±13%. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision were within 17%. A stable isotope labeled (SIL) peptide GDSVVYGLR* and an extended SIL peptide TYDGRGDSVV*YGLRSKSKKF were evaluated as internal standards (IS) to account for signature peptide digestion instability and variability. Inherent digestion variability i.e., under controlled conditions, was within ±20% with both IS peptides. In digestion variability studies, where trypsin activity was varied (20-180%), the use of the extended SIL peptide as an internal standard limited the variability to within ±30% of the normalized response. Alternatively, when the SIL peptide was used as the internal standard, the variability ranged from -67.4% to 50.6% of the normalized response. The applicability of the validated method was demonstrated by quantification of OPN from plasma samples obtained from 10 healthy individuals and 10 breast cancer patients. The plasma OPN concentrations in healthy individuals ranged from 38 to 85ng/mL with a mean concentration of 55.4±15.3ng/mL. A 1.5-12 fold increase in OPN concentrations, ranging from 85 to 637ng/mL, was seen in breast cancer patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morse Faria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Matthew S Halquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Moucun Yuan
- Chromatographic Sciences, PPD, 2244 Dabney Road, Richmond, VA 23230, USA
| | - William Mylott
- Chromatographic Sciences, PPD, 2244 Dabney Road, Richmond, VA 23230, USA
| | - Rand G Jenkins
- Chromatographic Sciences, PPD, 2244 Dabney Road, Richmond, VA 23230, USA
| | - H Thomas Karnes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Brockton NT, Gill SJ, Laborge SL, Paterson AHG, Cook LS, Vogel HJ, Shemanko CS, Hanley DA, Magliocco AM, Friedenreich CM. The Breast Cancer to Bone (B2B) Metastases Research Program: a multi-disciplinary investigation of bone metastases from breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:512. [PMID: 26156521 PMCID: PMC4496930 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone is the most common site of breast cancer distant metastasis, affecting 50–70 % of patients who develop metastatic disease. Despite decades of informative research, the effective prevention, prediction and treatment of these lesions remains elusive. The Breast Cancer to Bone (B2B) Metastases Research Program consists of a prospective cohort of incident breast cancer patients and four sub-projects that are investigating priority areas in breast cancer bone metastases. These include the impact of lifestyle factors and inflammation on risk of bone metastases, the gene expression features of the primary tumour, the potential role for metabolomics in early detection of bone metastatic disease and the signalling pathways that drive the metastatic lesions in the bone. Methods/Design The B2B Research Program is enrolling a prospective cohort of 600 newly diagnosed, incident, stage I-IIIc breast cancer survivors in Alberta, Canada over a five year period. At baseline, pre-treatment/surgery blood samples are collected and detailed epidemiologic data is collected by in-person interview and self-administered questionnaires. Additional self-administered questionnaires and blood samples are completed at specified follow-up intervals (24, 48 and 72 months). Vital status is obtained prior to each follow-up through record linkages with the Alberta Cancer Registry. Recurrences are identified through medical chart abstractions. Each of the four projects applies specific methods and analyses to assess the impact of serum vitamin D and cytokine concentrations, tumour transcript and protein expression, serum metabolomic profiles and in vitro cell signalling on breast cancer bone metastases. Discussion The B2B Research Program will address key issues in breast cancer bone metastases including the association between lifestyle factors (particularly a comprehensive assessment of vitamin D status) inflammation and bone metastases, the significance or primary tumour gene expression in tissue tropism, the potential of metabolomic profiles for risk assessment and early detection and the signalling pathways controlling the metastatic tumour microenvironment. There is substantial synergy between the four projects and it is hoped that this integrated program of research will advance our understanding of key aspects of bone metastases from breast cancer to improve the prevention, prediction, detection, and treatment of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel T Brockton
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 515C, Holy Cross Centre, 2210 2nd St, SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Stephanie J Gill
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 515C, Holy Cross Centre, 2210 2nd St, SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Laborge
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 515C, Holy Cross Centre, 2210 2nd St, SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Alexander H G Paterson
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 515C, Holy Cross Centre, 2210 2nd St, SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie S Shemanko
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hanley
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Room 515C, Holy Cross Centre, 2210 2nd St, SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Ortiz-Martínez F, Sanmartín E, Pomares-Navarro E, Pérez-Balaguer A, Andrés L, Sánchez-Payá J, Aranda FI, Lerma E, Peiró G. Osteopontin Regulates VEGFA and ICAM-1 mRNA Expression in Breast Carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 143:812-22. [PMID: 25972323 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp6f2vndamsula] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the regulatory role of osteopontin on biomarkers associated with cell survival, invasiveness, and angiogenesis mechanisms in a clinical series and breast cancer cell lines. METHODS We analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of osteopontin, Bcl2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in several breast cancer cell lines and in 148 breast carcinomas classified into intrinsic subtypes. RESULTS We found coexpression of osteopontin, Bcl2, ICAM-1, and VEGFA in triple-negative MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Furthermore, osteopontin silencing by small interfering RNA inhibited ICAM-1 and VEGFA expression and cell proliferation in MDA-MB-468 cells. In breast cancer specimens, we found a positive correlation between osteopontin, ICAM-1, and VEGFA mRNA expression, especially in triple-negative/basal-like tumors. Among patients with osteopontin-overexpressing tumors, VEGFA remained an independent prognostic indicator for recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-5.87; P = .002) and death (hazard ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.48-7.11; P = .003) (multivariate analysis, Cox regression). CONCLUSIONS Our results support that osteopontin regulates ICAM-1 and VEGFA expression mainly in triple-negative/basal-like breast carcinomas, suggesting a relevant role in the pathogenesis and tumor progression of this molecular subtype. Moreover, VEGFA mRNA levels showed an independent prognostic value in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Sanmartín
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Leire Andrés
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Payá
- Epidemiology Department, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco I. Aranda
- Pathology Department, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Pathology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Pathology Department, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Subraman V, Thiyagarajan M, Malathi N, Rajan ST. OPN -Revisited. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZE10-3. [PMID: 26266236 PMCID: PMC4525627 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12872.6111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a matrix extracellular glyco-phosphoprotein is found in various tissues such as epithelium lined tissues, kidney, bone and teeth .It is also detected in all body fluids including blood and breast milk. OPN plays role in a number of physiological and pathologic events such as cell adhesion, migration and cell survival, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation and wound healing. This review summarizes the current data of the biological activities of OPN in the development of tumour, its progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayanirmala Subraman
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Muthukumar Thiyagarajan
- Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - N. Malathi
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Sharada T. Rajan
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai, India
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Chan KK, Matchett KB, McEnhill PM, Dakir EH, McMullin MF, El-Tanani Y, Patterson L, Faheem A, Rudland PS, McCarron PA, El-Tanani M. Protein deregulation associated with breast cancer metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:415-23. [PMID: 26088937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. It consists of a group of tumor cells that have the ability to grow uncontrollably, overcome replicative senescence (tumor progression) and metastasize within the body. Metastases are processes that consist of an array of complex gene dysregulation events. Although these processes are still not fully understood, the dysregulation of a number of key proteins must take place if the tumor cells are to disseminate and metastasize. It is now widely accepted that future effective and innovative treatments of cancer metastasis will have to encompass all the major components of malignant transformation. For this reason, much research is now being carried out into the mechanisms that govern the malignant transformation processes. Recent research has identified key genes involved in the development of metastases, as well as their mechanisms of action. A detailed understanding of the encoded proteins and their interrelationship generates the possibility of developing novel therapeutic approaches. This review will focus on a select group of proteins, often deregulated in breast cancer metastasis, which have shown therapeutic promise, notably, EMT, E-cadherin, Osteopontin, PEA3, Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) and Ran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Kui Chan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M McEnhill
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - El Habib Dakir
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Frances McMullin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Yahia El-Tanani
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Faheem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
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Meirinho SG, Dias LG, Peres AM, Rodrigues LR. Development of an electrochemical RNA-aptasensor to detect human osteopontin. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:332-341. [PMID: 25930003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical aptasensors may be used to detect protein biomarkers related to tumor activity. Osteopontin (OPN), a protein present in several body fluids, has been suggested as a potential biomarker since its overexpression seems to be associated with breast cancer progression and metastasis. In this work, a simple and label-free voltammetric aptasensor for the detection of OPN, using an RNA aptamer previously reported to have affinity for human OPN as the molecular recognition element, and the ferro/ferricyanide solution as a redox probe, was developed. The RNA aptamer was synthetized and immobilized in a working microelectrode gold surface (diameter of 0.8mm) of a screen-printed strip with a silver pseudo-reference electrode and a gold counter electrode. The electrochemical behavior of the electrode surface after each preparation step of the aptasensor was studied using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The resulting voltammetric aptasensor was used to detect OPN in standard solutions. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that the aptasensor has reasonable detection and quantification limits (3.7 ± 0.6 nM and 11 ± 2 nM, respectively). Indeed, the detection limit falls within the osteopontin levels reported in the literature for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Moreover, the aptasensor is able to selectively detect the target protein in the presence of other interfering proteins, except for thrombin. Considering the overall results, a possible application of the aptasensor for cancer prognosis may be foreseen in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Meirinho
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Luís G Dias
- ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal; CQ-VR, Centro de Química - Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António M Peres
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Enginerring-Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Chiodoni C, Sangaletti S, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. The ins and outs of osteopontin. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e978711. [PMID: 25949895 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.978711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous remodeling of progressing tumors demands non-physiologic production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Among them, osteopontin (OPN) has been largely involved in tumor progression and metastasis. We have recently discovered a new mechanism for OPN in the metastatic spread of mammary carcinoma providing local immunosuppression at the seeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ; Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ; Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit; Human Pathology Section; Department of Health Sciences; University of Palermo ; Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit; Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori ; Milan, Italy
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Stivarou T, Patsavoudi E. Extracellular molecules involved in cancer cell invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:238-65. [PMID: 25629807 PMCID: PMC4381257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays it is perfectly clear that understanding and eradicating cancer cell invasion and metastasis represent the crucial, definitive points in cancer therapeutics. During the last two decades there has been a great interest in the understanding of the extracellular molecular mechanisms involved in cancer cell invasion. In this review, we highlight the findings concerning these processes, focusing in particular on extracellular molecules, including extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors, growth factors and their receptors, matrix metalloproteinases and extracellular chaperones. We report the molecular mechanisms underlying the important contribution of this pool of molecules to the complex, multi-step phenomenon of cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Stivarou
- Department of Biochemistry, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
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Osteopontin is a novel prognostic biomarker in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer after surgical resection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141:1371-8. [PMID: 25555465 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix-secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein, has been reported overexpressed in many solid tumors. As an important part of lung cancer, the high recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) also attracted great attention of scientists. METHODS In this study, we investigated the expression of OPN and the relationship with prognosis of NSCLC patients. We measured the expression of OPN among 163 NSCLC samples by immunohistochemical method and compared the expression of these 28 matched cDNA between tumor and peritumoral tissue by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We demonstrated that the percentages of positive OPN expression is 66.8 % and OPN expression in tumor site was much higher than the tissue adjacent to carcinoma (p = 0.0046). By further analysis, we found that OPN expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of NSCLC. Moreover, for early-stage patients, OS and DFS rates of OPN (-) group were significantly higher than OPN (+) group. For advanced-stage patients, OPN expression was only associated with OS rates. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that OPN is commonly expressed in NSCLC and may guide the evaluation of prognosis with NSCLC, especially for early-stage patients.
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Hu ZD, Wei TT, Yang M, Ma N, Tang QQ, Qin BD, Fu HT, Zhong RQ. Diagnostic value of osteopontin in ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126444. [PMID: 25951060 PMCID: PMC4423864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes (wound healing, inflammation, immune response, and tumorigenesis). This meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic value of osteopontin in ovarian cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Searches in Embase and PubMed were conducted, in order to identify eligible studies on osteopontin expression and its diagnostic value in ovarian cancer. The revised Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS-2) tool was applied to examine the quality of these studies and the overall osteopontin diagnostic accuracy in ovarian cancer was pooled using the bivariate model. The publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Deek's test. This search methodology resulted in 13 studies with a total of 839 ovarian cancer patients and 1439 controls in this meta-analysis. The overall osteopontin diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ovarian cancer were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.51-0.78) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.78-0.93), respectively. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curves (AUC) was 0.85 (95%CI, 0.81-0.88). There was no significant publication bias observed across the eligible studies. However, a major design deficiency of the eligible studies is the issue of subject selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Osteopontin could be a useful biomarker in diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Due to the design deficits of the eligible studies, a future study with a larger sample size and better design is needed to rigorously confirm the diagnostic potential of osteopontin in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-De Hu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The General Hospital, Ji’nan Military Region of PLA, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wei
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Qin Tang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Dong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Tao Fu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Qian Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Etiz D, Ataizi FC, Bayman E, Akcay M, Acikalin MF, Colak E, Ciftci E. Prognostic value of osteopontin in patients treated with primary radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5175-8. [PMID: 24175796 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of tumor osteopontin (OPN) in patients with squamous-cell head and neck cancer (SCHNC) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS OPN expression was assessed by immunohistochemical methods in 50 patients, who were treated with primary radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced SCHNC. The effects of OPN on clinical parameters, local-regional control after RT and metastasis-free survival, was assessed. RESULTS The rate of OPN expression in tumor tissue was 76%. OPN positive cases had lower Hb levels (p=0.088). Mean time to local recurrence was 53.8 months (SE 3.9) in OPN-negative cases and 39.1 months (SE 4.7) in OPN-positive cases (p=0.047). OPN increased the risk of local recurrence 5.9 times (p=0.085). It had no effect on metastasis-free (p=0.116) or overall survival (p=0.123). OPN was positive in 12 of 19 cases that developed grade 3-4 acute radiation dermatitis (p=0.096). CONCLUSIONS OPN expression is associated with an increase in local recurrence in patients who were treated with primary RT for locally advanced SCHNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durmus Etiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey E-mail :
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Weber CE, Kothari AN, Wai PY, Li NY, Driver J, Zapf MAC, Franzen CA, Gupta GN, Osipo C, Zlobin A, Syn WK, Zhang J, Kuo PC, Mi Z. Osteopontin mediates an MZF1-TGF-β1-dependent transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4821-33. [PMID: 25531323 PMCID: PMC4476970 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment (TMEN) significantly influence cancer growth and metastasis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to be a critical mediator of the CAF phenotype, and osteopontin (OPN) expression in tumors is associated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor patient outcomes. The potential link between these two pathways has not been previously addressed. Utilizing in vitro studies using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MDA-MB231 (OPN+) and MCF7 (OPN−) human breast cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that OPN induces integrin-dependent MSC expression of TGF-β1 to mediate adoption of the CAF phenotype. This OPN-TGF-β1 pathway requires the transcription factor, myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1). In vivo studies with xenotransplant models in NOD-scid mice showed that OPN expression increases cancer growth and metastasis by mediating MSC-to-CAF transformation in a process that is MZF1- and TGF-β1-dependent. We conclude that tumor-derived OPN engenders MSC-to-CAF transformation in the microenvironment to promote tumor growth and metastasis via the OPN-MZF1-TGF-β1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Weber
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A N Kothari
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P Y Wai
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - N Y Li
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - J Driver
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - M A C Zapf
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C A Franzen
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - G N Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C Osipo
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A Zlobin
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - W K Syn
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, London, UK
| | - J Zhang
- The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - P C Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,The Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Xu YY, Zhang YY, Lu WF, Mi YJ, Chen YQ. Prognostic value of osteopontin expression in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:357-362. [PMID: 25798267 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been implicated in tumor development and progression over the last few years. However, the prognostic value of OPN overexpression in patients with breast cancer remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association of OPN expression in the tumor with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of breast cancer patients. A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria and were entered in the meta-analysis. The data analysis demonstrated that OPN expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis [pooled odds ratio = 2.026, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.199-3.425, P=0.008, random-effects model]. We also found that OPN expression was positively associated with overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 3. 69, 95% CI: 1. 45-9.42, P=0.000, random-effects model) and disease -free survival (pooled HR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.27-4.55, P=0.007, fix ed -effects model). Based on the results of this study, we concluded that OPN overexpression in the tumor is a candidate positive prognostic biomarker for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Ya-Ya Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Wei-Feng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Mi
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
| | - Yu-Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
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Ostheimer C, Bache M, Güttler A, Reese T, Vordermark D. Prognostic information of serial plasma osteopontin measurement in radiotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:858. [PMID: 25416631 PMCID: PMC4251866 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating baseline levels of the plasma-protein osteopontin (OPN) have been suggested as a prognostic indicator in chemotherapy and surgery for lung cancer. However, the role of this hypoxia-related protein in radiotherapy of lung cancer is unclear. We previously demonstrated the prognostic effect of baseline OPN plasma levels which was increased by co-detection with other hypoxia-related proteins in the radical radiotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This prospective clinical study investigated whether serial OPN measurements during and after curative-intent radiotherapy for NSCLC provide additional or superior prognostic information. Methods Sixty-nine patients with inoperable NSCLC were prospectively enrolled (55 M0, 14 M1). OPN plasma levels were measured before (t0), at the end (t1) and four weeks after radiotherapy (t2) by ELISA, compared between M0 and M1 patients and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. OPN levels were monitored over time and correlated with prognosis in M0-stage patients treated by radical 66-Gy radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. Results Pre-treatment OPN levels were associated with T stage (p = .03), lung function (p = .002), weight loss (p = .01), tumor volume (p = .02) and hemoglobin concentration (p = 04). M1 patients had significantly elevated OPN levels at all time points (p < .001). Patients with increasing OPN levels after radiotherapy had inferior freedom from relapse (p = .008), overall survival (p = .004) and disease-free survival (p = .001) compared to patients with stable or decreasing OPN levels. The risk of relapse in patients with increasing or stable OPN levels after radiotherapy was increased by a factor of 2.9 (p = .01). Patients with increasing post-treatment OPN levels had a 3.1-fold increased risk of death (p = .003). In an exploratory multivariate model, post-treatment OPN level changes but not absolute baseline OPN levels remained an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p = .002) with a 3.6-fold increased risk of death, as well as N stage (p = .006). Conclusions Our results suggest that OPN level changes over time, particularly post-treatment, may yield additional prognostic information in curative-intent radiotherapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Martin Luther Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Ingale Y, Routray S, Kheur SM, Kheur M, Mohanty N. Evaluating the efficacy of osteopontin expression as a prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Indian subpopulation. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:S11-5. [PMID: 25364158 PMCID: PMC4211217 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.141327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to correlate the prognostic value of osteopontin (OPN) expression using both tissue and plasma samples from patients with clinically and histologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods and Materials: The study group comprised of sixty patients (n = 60), which were clinically and histologically diagnosed for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The Control group comprised of ten (n = 10) healthy volunteers. Plasma OPN levels were assayed using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (OPN ELISA). Expression of OPN was also identified and evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue sections. These OPN expressions were then correlated with different parameters like age, sex, site, clinical presentation, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, histopathological grading and lymph node metastasis. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the difference in tissue intensity and plasma OPN levels between the OSCC and the normal control groups. Results: The distribution of the plasma OPN levels and tissue OPN intensity in OSCC cohorts were compared to histopathological grades and analyzed. When evaluated OPN expression in tissue had higher intensity observed in OSCC (95% +ve) cases. And the mean plasma OPN concentration in OSCC cohort was more in comparison to the normal cohort. The results clearly showed that the plasma OPN levels and intensity grading in tissue correlated with tumor grades. Conclusion: The study highlights OPN as a biomarker for prognosis in OSCC in both plasma and tissue samples. We would like to emphasize on the evaluation of plasma OPN as a protocol of blood examination for all cancer patient, as it may serve as an indicator for tumor progression and potential risk of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashwant Ingale
- Department of Dentistry, Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pimpri, Maharastra, India
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, SOA' University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Supriya M Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Mohit Kheur
- Department of Prosthodontics, M. A. Rangoonwala Dental College, Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, SOA' University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Fok TC, Lapointe H, Tuck AB, Chambers AF, Jackson-Boeters L, Daley TD, Darling MR. Expression and localization of osteopontin, homing cell adhesion molecule/CD44, and integrin αvβ3 in pleomorphic adenoma, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 116:743-51. [PMID: 24237725 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteopontin (OPN) plays a role in tumor progression. This study aimed to determine the expression of OPN, CD44, and integrin αvβ3 in pleomorphic adenoma (PA), polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemistry was used to semiquantify the level of expression of OPN and its receptors in normal salivary glands (NSG; n = 20), PA (n = 20), PLGA (n = 16), and ACC (n = 22). RESULTS OPN expression was increased in PLGA and intermediate-/high-grade ACC compared with PA and NSG (median scores, 6, 5, 4, and 4, respectively). CD44 expression was reduced in PA, PLGA, and ACC. OPN expression levels were moderately correlated with CD44 in PLGA. Integrin αvβ3 was not expressed in PA and ACC and was seen in only 1 case of PLGA. CONCLUSIONS OPN is expressed in salivary gland tumors but does not correlate well with CD44 and αvβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Fok
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident, Division of Oral Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Sangaletti S, Tripodo C, Sandri S, Torselli I, Vitali C, Ratti C, Botti L, Burocchi A, Porcasi R, Tomirotti A, Colombo MP, Chiodoni C. Osteopontin Shapes Immunosuppression in the Metastatic Niche. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4706-19. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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