1
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Ou X, Gao G, Habaz IA, Wang Y. Mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor-targeted therapy and overcoming strategies. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e694. [PMID: 39184861 PMCID: PMC11344283 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-targeted therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by selectively blocking specific signaling pathways crucial for tumor growth, offering improved outcomes with fewer side effects compared with conventional chemotherapy. However, despite their initial effectiveness, resistance to TKIs remains a significant challenge in clinical practice. Understanding the mechanisms underlying TKI resistance is paramount for improving patient outcomes and developing more effective treatment strategies. In this review, we explored various mechanisms contributing to TKI resistance, including on-target mechanisms and off-target mechanisms, as well as changes in the tumor histology and tumor microenvironment (intrinsic mechanisms). Additionally, we summarized current therapeutic approaches aiming at circumventing TKI resistance, including the development of next-generation TKIs and combination therapies. We also discussed emerging strategies such as the use of dual-targeted antibodies and PROteolysis Targeting Chimeras. Furthermore, we explored future directions in TKI-targeted therapy, including the methods for detecting and monitoring drug resistance during treatment, identification of novel targets, exploration of dual-acting kinase inhibitors, application of nanotechnologies in targeted therapy, and so on. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in TKI-targeted therapy, aiming to advance our understanding of resistance mechanisms and guide the development of more effective therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Ou
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ge Gao
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Clinical Trial Center, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Inbar A. Habaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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2
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Su Y, Meng L, Ge C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Yang Y, Tian W, Tian H. PSMD9 promotes the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by interacting with c-Cbl to activate EGFR signaling and recycling. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:142. [PMID: 38745188 PMCID: PMC11092260 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidences shows that the ubiquitin‒proteasome pathway plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. The expression of 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 (PSMD9) is correlated with recurrence and radiotherapy resistance in several tumor types. However, the role and mechanism of PSMD9 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remain largely unclear. METHODS PSMD9 was identified as a prognosis-related biomarker for HCC based on analysis of clinical characteristics and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the JP Project of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC-LIRI-JP). PSMD9 expression was analyzed in cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues via immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Multiple in vivo and in vitro experimental techniques (such as CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, and Transwell assays; flow cytometry; Western blotting; quantitative RT-PCR; Coimmunoprecipitation assay and immunofluorescence confocal imaging) were used to assess the functions of PSMD9 in the pathogenesis of HCC. RESULTS We found that the expression of PSMD9 was upregulated and associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. PSMD9 promoted HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. Knockdown of PSMD9 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PSMD9 promoted HCC cell proliferation and metastasis via direct interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, suppresses EGFR ubiquitination, influenced EGFR endosomal trafficking and degradation and subsequently activated ERK1/2 and Akt signaling. In addition, we showed that PSMD9 knockdown sensitized HCC cells to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results indicate that PSMD9 drives HCC progression and erlotinib resistance by suppressing c-Cbl mediated EGFR ubiquitination and therefore can be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Meng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Baise, 533000, China.
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3
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Inoue M, Ekimoto T, Yamane T, Ikeguchi M. Computational Analysis of Activation of Dimerized Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Using the String Method and Markov State Model. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3884-3895. [PMID: 38670929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is accompanied by dimerization. During the activation of the intracellular kinase domain, two EGFR kinases form an asymmetric dimer, and one side of the dimer (receiver) is activated. Using the string method and Markov state model (MSM), we performed a computational analysis of the structural changes in the activation of the EGFR dimer in this study. The string method reveals the minimum free-energy pathway (MFEP) from the inactive to active structure. The MSM was constructed from numerous trajectories of molecular dynamics simulations around the MFEP, which revealed the free-energy map of structural changes. In the activation of the receiver kinase, the unfolding of the activation loop (A-loop) is followed by the rearrangement of the C-helix, as observed in other kinases. However, unlike other kinases, the free-energy map of EGFR at the asymmetric dimer showed that the active state yielded the highest stability and revealed how interactions at the dimer interface induced receiver activation. As the H-helix of the activator approaches the C-helix of the receiver during activation, the A-loop unfolds. Subsequently, L782 of the receiver enters the pocket between the G- and H-helices of the activator, leading to a rearrangement of the hydrophobic residues around L782 of the receiver, which constitutes a structural rearrangement of the C-helix of the receiver from an outward to an inner position. The MSM analysis revealed long-time scale trajectories via kinetic Monte Carlo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Inoue
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toru Ekimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yamane
- HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, Center for Computational Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, Center for Computational Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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4
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Shen J, Chen L, Liu J, Li A, Zheng L, Chen S, Li Y. EGFR degraders in non-small-cell lung cancer: Breakthrough and unresolved issue. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14517. [PMID: 38610074 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been well validated as a therapeutic target for anticancer drug discovery. Osimertinib has become the first globally accessible third-generation EGFR inhibitor, representing one of the most advanced developments in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. However, a tertiary Cys797 to Ser797 (C797S) point mutation has hampered osimertinib treatment in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Several classes of fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors were consequently discovered with the aim of overcoming the EGFRC797S mutation-mediated resistance. However, no clinical efficacy data of the fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors were reported to date, and EGFRC797S mutation-mediated resistance remains an "unmet clinical need." Proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) obtained from EGFR-TKIs have been developed to target drug resistance EGFR in NSCLC. Some PROTACs are from nature products. These degraders compared with EGFR inhibitors showed better efficiency in their cellular potency, inhibition, and toxicity profiles. In this review, we first introduce the structural properties of EGFR, the resistance, and mutations of EGFR, and then mainly focus on the recent advances of EGFR-targeting degraders along with its advantages and outstanding challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Anzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lüyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Jiangxi Chiralsyn Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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5
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Odintsov I, Sholl LM. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Pathology 2024; 56:192-204. [PMID: 38199926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with the highest mortality rates among both men and women. Most lung cancers are diagnosed at late stages, necessitating systemic therapy. Modern clinical management of lung cancer relies heavily upon application of biomarkers, which guide the selection of systemic treatment. Here, we provide an overview of currently approved and emerging biomarkers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1-3, KRAS, BRAF, MET, ERBB2/HER2, NRG1, PD-L1, TROP2, and CEACAM5. For practical purposes, we divide these biomarkers into genomic and protein markers, based on the tested substrate. We review the biology and epidemiology of the genomic and proteomic biomarkers, discuss optimal diagnostic assays for their detection, and highlight their contribution to the contemporary clinical management of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Odintsov
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Ciardiello F, Hirsch FR, Pirker R, Felip E, Valencia C, Smit EF. The role of anti-EGFR therapies in EGFR-TKI-resistant advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 122:102664. [PMID: 38064878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the current recommended option for the first-line treatment of patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Resistance to first-generation TKIs led to the development of second- and third-generation TKIs with improved clinical outcomes. However, sequential administration of TKIs has led to the emergence of new EGFR resistance mutations and persistent tumor cell survival. This evidence highlights the potential role of EGFR in transducing growth signals in NSCLC tumor cells. Therefore, dual inhibition of EGFR using combinations of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and EGFR-TKIs may offer a unique treatment strategy to suppress tumor cell growth. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of dual blockade of EGFR using anti-EGFR mAbs coupled with EGFR-TKIs in overcoming treatment resistance in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, a single treatment option may not result in the same clinical benefits in all patients with acquired resistance. Biomarkers, including EGFR overexpression, EGFR gene copy number, EGFR and KRAS mutations, and circulating tumor DNA, have been associated with improved clinical efficacy with anti-EGFR mAbs in patients with NSCLC and acquired resistance. Further investigation of biomarkers may allow patient selection for those who could benefit from anti-EGFR mAbs in combination with EGFR-TKIs. This review summarizes findings of recent studies of anti-EGFR mAbs in combination with EGFR-TKIs for the treatment of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, as well as clinical evidence for potential biomarkers towards personalized targeted medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, The University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Pirker
- Private Practice for Internal Medicine (Hemato-Oncology), Josefstädter Strasse 47-49, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Vall d'Hebron Universitary Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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7
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Rai GP, Shanker A. Coevolution-based computational approach to detect resistance mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119592. [PMID: 37730130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlates the neoplastic cell metastasis, angiogenesis, neoplastic incursion, and apoptosis. Due to the involvement of EGFR in these biological processes, it becomes a most potent target for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have endorsed high efficacy and anticipation to patients but unfortunately, within a year of treatment, drug targets develop resistance due to mutations. The present study detected the compensatory mutations in EGFR to know the evolutionary mechanism of drug resistance. The results of this study demonstrate that compensatory mutations enlarge the drug-binding pocket which may lead to the altered orientation of the ligand (gefitinib and erlotinib) causing drug resistance. This indicates that coevolutionary forces play a significant role in fine-tuning the structure of EGFR protein against the drugs. The analysis provides insight into the evolution-induced structural aspects of drug resistance changes in EGFR which in turn be useful in designing drugs with better efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Prakash Rai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar 824236, India
| | - Asheesh Shanker
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar 824236, India.
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8
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Singh S, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. 20 years since the approval of first EGFR-TKI, gefitinib: Insight and foresight. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188967. [PMID: 37657684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) actively involves in modulation of various cancer progression related mechanisms including angiogenesis, differentiation and migration. Therefore, targeting EGFR has surfaced as a prominent approach for the treatment of several types of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma. Various first, second and third generation of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have demonstrated effectiveness as an anti-cancer therapeutics. However, rapid development of drug resistance and mutations still remains a major challenge for the EGFR-TKIs therapy. Overcoming from intrinsic and acquired resistance caused by EGFR mutations warrants the further exploration of alternative strategies and discovery of novel inhibitors. In this review, we delve into the breakthrough discoveries have been made in previous 20 years, and discuss the currently ongoing efforts aimed to circumvent the chemo-resistance. We also highlight the new challenges, limitations and future directions for the development of improved therapeutic approaches such as fourth-generation EGFR-TKIs, peptides, nanobodies, PROTACs etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India; Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India.
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9
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Ahmadi A, Mohammadnejadi E, Razzaghi-Asl N. Gefitinib derivatives and drug-resistance: A perspective from molecular dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107204. [PMID: 37421739 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal-growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase (TK) with a significant role in cell survival. EGFR is upregulated in various cancer cells and known as a druggable target. Gefitinib is a first-line TK inhibitor used against metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite initial clinical response, a conserved therapeutic effect could not be achieved due to the occurrence of resistance mechanisms. Point mutations in EGFR genes are one of the major causes of rendered tumor sensitivity. To aid in the development of more efficient TKIs, chemical structures of prevailing drugs and their target binding patterns are very important. The aim of the present study was to propose synthetically-accessible gefitinib congeners with enhanced binding fitness to clinically frequent EGFR mutants. Docking simulations of intended molecules identified 1-(4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yl)-3-(oxazolidin-2-ylmethyl) thiourea (23) as a top-binder structure inside G719S, T790 M, L858R and T790 M/L858R-EGFR active sites. Superior docked complexes were subjected to the entire 400 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Analysis of data revealed the stability of mutant enzymes upon binding to molecule 23. All mutant complexes with the exception of a T790 M/L858R-EGFR, were majorly stabilized through cooperative hydrophobic contacts. Pairwise analysis of H-bonds proved Met793 as the conserved residue with stable H-bond participations as hydrogen bond donor (Frequency 63-96%). Amino acid decomposition analysis confirmed the probable role of Met793 in complex stabilization. Estimated binding free energies indicated the proper accommodation of molecule 23 inside target active sites. Pairwise energy decompositions of stable binding modes revealed the energetic contribution of key residues. Although wet lab experiments are required to unravel the mechanistic details of mEGFR inhibition, MD results provide structural basis for those events that are difficult to address experimentally. The outputs of the current study may assist to design small molecules with high potency to mEGFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - E Mohammadnejadi
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - N Razzaghi-Asl
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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10
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Goel PN, Zhang H, Murali R, Zheng C, Ji MQ, Patterson A, Grover P, Greene M. Dual kinase inhibitor for EGFR mutants and ErbB2 limit breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:39-46. [PMID: 36791497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been found in more than 10% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in North America. The vast majority of these differences are L858R point mutations in Exon 21. Currently, monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of EGFR or small molecule/tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the stalwarts of NSCLC therapy. Resistance, however, gradually develops because of the T790 mutation towards first and second generation TKIs. The third generation TKI AZD9291 (Osimertinib) has a high affinity for both activating and the acquired resistant mutation (T790 M) in EGFR, with a low affinity towards wild-type EGFR. Recent research, however, suggests that the EGFR (C797S) mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain is a likely cause of resistance to AZD9291. Another significant transformation mechanism associated with this resistance is erbB2 amplification. Our laboratory has developed a small kinase inhibitor, ER121 (MW: ∼500), that inhibits the erbB2/HER2 tyrosine kinases in addition to the EGFR C797S mutations. We have identified a TKI, ER121 targeting the mutant EGFR(T790 M). Using in vitro and in vivo models, examined the efficacy of ER121 on mutant EGFR cell lines. This has enabled us to establish that ER121 is well tolerated when administered orally and produces significant inhibitory activity against human cancers generated by mutant EGFR and amplified ErbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peeyush N Goel
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cai Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA
| | - Mei Q Ji
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA
| | - Angelica Patterson
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA; University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Payal Grover
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA
| | - Mark Greene
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6082, USA.
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11
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Aziz NAAM, George RF, El-Adl K, Mahmoud WR. Exploration of thiazolidine-2,4-diones as tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, ADMET, docking, and antiproliferative evaluations. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200465. [PMID: 36403198 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As dual EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibitors, 22 innovative thiazolidine-2,4-diones were modeled, constructed, and measured for their anticancer performance versus four human neoplasms HCT-116, MCF-7, A549, and HepG2. Molecular docking and MD simulation were performed to inspect the binding technique of the proffered congeners with the EGFR and VEGFR-2 receptors. Evidence realized thanks to the docking inquests was vastly consistent together with that detected through the biological screening. Structures 14a and 14g emerged as the most active compounds toward HCT116 (IC50 = 6.01 and 7.44 µM), MCF-7 (IC50 = 5.77 and 7.23 µM), A549 (IC50 = 5.35 and 5.47 µM) and HepG2 (IC50 = 3.55 and 3.85 µM) tumefaction cells. Compounds 14a and 14g exhibited higher events than sorafenib (IC50 = 5.05, 5.58, 4.04, and 4.00 µM) against HepG2 instead subordinate incidents concerning A549, MCF-7, and HCT116, parallelly. Nevertheless, these compounds signified weightier performance than erlotinib (IC50 = 13.91, 8.20, 5.49, 7.73, and µM), with respect to the four cell lines. Compounds having the best activity against the four cell lines, 12a-f, 13a-d, and 14a-g were chosen to appraise their in vitro VEGFR-2 and EGFRT790M inhibiting activities. The best results were for compounds 14a and 14g compared to sorafenib and erlotinib, respectively, with IC50 values of 0.74 and 0.78 µM and 0.12 and 0.14 µM, respectively. Moreover, 13d, 14a, and 14g showed an adequate in silico calculated ADMET profile. The current investigation presents novel candidates for future optimization to construct mightier and eclectic binary VEGFR-2/EGFRT790M restrainers with higher antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A A M Aziz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa R Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Li MC, Coumar MS, Lin SY, Lin YS, Huang GL, Chen CH, Lien TW, Wu YW, Chen YT, Chen CP, Huang YC, Yeh KC, Yang CM, Kalita B, Pan SL, Hsu TA, Yeh TK, Chen CT, Hsieh HP. Development of Furanopyrimidine-Based Orally Active Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2566-2588. [PMID: 36749735 PMCID: PMC9969398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of orally bioavailable, furanopyrimidine-based double-mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR inhibitors is described. First, selectivity for mutant EGFR was accomplished by replacing the (S)-2-phenylglycinol moiety of 12 with either an ethanol or an alkyl substituent. Then, the cellular potency and physicochemical properties were optimized through insights from molecular modeling studies by implanting various solubilizing groups in phenyl rings A and B. Optimized lead 52 shows 8-fold selective inhibition of H1975 (EGFRL858R/T790M overexpressing) cancer cells over A431 (EGFRWT overexpressing) cancer cells; western blot analysis further confirmed EGFR mutant-selective target modulation inside the cancer cells by 52. Notably, 52 displayed in vivo antitumor effects in two different mouse xenograft models (BaF3 transfected with mutant EGFR and H1975 tumors) with TGI = 74.9 and 97.5% after oral administration (F = 27%), respectively. With an extraordinary kinome selectivity (S(10) score of 0.017), 52 undergoes detailed preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chun Li
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
- Biomedical
Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115202, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Department
of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet 605014, Pondicherry, India
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Shyan Lin
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guan-Lin Huang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hwa Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Wen Lien
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical
Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ping Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Chia Yeh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Ming Yang
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bikashita Kalita
- Department
of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet 605014, Pondicherry, India
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate
Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical
Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan, ROC
- Ph.D.
Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 350401, Taiwan, ROC
- Biomedical
Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115202, Taiwan, ROC
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- , . Phone: +886-37-206-166
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13
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Zhang H, Hu Y, Wang Y, Song X, Hu Y, Ma L, Yang X, Li K, Qin N, Wang J, Lv J, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Yao G, Zhang S. Application of ddPCR in detection of the status and abundance of EGFR T790M mutation in the plasma samples of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Front Oncol 2023; 12:942123. [PMID: 36776375 PMCID: PMC9909534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs), such as osimertinib, designed for targeting the acquired drug-resistant mutation of EGFR T790M, was approved as the first-line therapy for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, detection of the EGFR T790M mutation for NSCLC is crucial. However, tissue samples are often difficult to obtain, especially in patients at advanced stages. This study assessed the performances of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in detecting EGFR T790M status and abundance in the plasma ctDNA samples of patients with NSCLC. We also explored the association between T790M status and abundance and the response to third-generation EGFR-TKIs. Methods A total of 201 plasma samples with matched tissues, 821 plasma samples, and 56 patients who received third-generation EGFR-TKIs with response evaluation were included in this study. ddPCR and NGS were used to detect the mutation status and abundance of T790M in the tissues and/or blood samples. Results The results showed that the sensitivity and the specificity of EGFR T790M mutation status detected by ddPCR in plasma samples were 81.82% and 91.85%, respectively, compared with the tissue samples, with a consistency coefficient of 0.740. Among the 821 plasma samples, the positive rates of EGFR T790M detected by ddPCR and NGS were 34.2% (281/821) and 22.5% (185/821), respectively. With NGS results as the reference, the sensitivity and the specificity of ddPCR were 100% and 84.91%, respectively, and the consistency coefficient of the two methods was 0.717. In addition, we found that a higher EGFR T790M abundance was linked to a higher treatment response rate to the third-generation EGFR-TKIs regardless of the classification of the median value of 0.43% (P = 0.016) or average value of 3.16% (P = 0.010). Conclusion Taking these data together, this study reveals that ddPCR is an alternatively potent method for the detection of EGFR T790M in the plasma samples of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Song
- Department of Respiratory, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyin Yao
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Yuanqi Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shucai Zhang,
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14
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Marin-Acevedo JA, Pellini B, Kimbrough EO, Hicks JK, Chiappori A. Treatment Strategies for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Common EGFR Mutations: A Review of the History of EGFR TKIs Approval and Emerging Data. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030629. [PMID: 36765587 PMCID: PMC9913773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of targeted therapies over the past two decades has led to a dramatic change in the management of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While there are currently five approved EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for treating EGFR-mutant NSCLC in the first-line setting, therapy selection after progression on EGFR TKIs remains complex. Multiple groups are investigating novel therapies and drug combinations to determine the optimal therapy and treatment sequence for these patients. In this review, we summarize the landmark trials and history of the approval of EGFR TKIs, their efficacy and tolerability, and the role of these therapies in patients with central nervous system metastasis. We also briefly discuss the mechanisms of resistance to EGFR TKIs, ongoing attempts to overcome resistance and improve outcomes, and finalize by offering treatment sequencing recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Marin-Acevedo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bruna Pellini
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (A.C.); Tel.: +1-813-745-3050 or +1-813-449-8077 (B.P. & A.C.)
| | | | - J. Kevin Hicks
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alberto Chiappori
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (A.C.); Tel.: +1-813-745-3050 or +1-813-449-8077 (B.P. & A.C.)
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15
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Machado-Rugolo J, Baldavira C, Prieto T, Olivieri E, Fabro A, Rainho C, Castelli E, Ribolla P, Ab'Saber A, Takagaki T, Nagai M, Capelozzi V. Clinical outcome of Brazilian patients with non-small cell lung cancer in early stage harboring rare mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 55:e12409. [PMID: 36629526 PMCID: PMC9828871 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, such as the L858R point mutation in exon 21 and the in-frame deletional mutation in exon 19, have been definitively associated with response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). However, the clinical outcome and response to treatment for many other rarer mutations are still unclear. In this study, we report the results of Brazilian patients in stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete resection with minimal residual disease and EGFR mutations treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or EGFR-TKIs. The frequency of EGFR mutations was investigated in 70 cases of early stage NSCLC. Mutations in exons 18 and 20, uncommon mutations in exons 19 and 21, as well as in exons 3, 7, 14, 16, 22, 27, and 28, and/or the presence of different mutations in a single tumor (complex mutations) are considered rare. EGFR mutations were detected in 23 tumors (32.9%). Fourteen cases carried rare mutations and were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and two cases were treated with erlotinib. The clinical outcome is described case by case with references to the literature. Notably, we found two rare EGFR mutations and one of them with an unknown response to chemotherapy and/or EGFR-TKIs. We have provided complementary information concerning the clinical outcome and treatment of patients with early stage NSCLC for several rare EGFR mutations not previously or only rarely reported. Description of cases harboring rare mutations can support the decision-making process in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Machado-Rugolo
- Laboratório de Histomorfometria e Genômica Pulmonar, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,Centro de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - C.M. Baldavira
- Laboratório de Histomorfometria e Genômica Pulmonar, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T.G. Prieto
- Laboratório de Histomorfometria e Genômica Pulmonar, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E.H.R. Olivieri
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa/CIPE, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A.T. Fabro
- Laboratório de Histomorfometria e Genômica Pulmonar, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Laboratório de Medicina Respiratória, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - C.A. Rainho
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Ciências Químicas e Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - E.C. Castelli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Bioinformática, Unidade de Pesquisa Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil,Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - P.E.M. Ribolla
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil,Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Bioestatística, Biologia Vegetal, Parasitologia e Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - A.M. Ab'Saber
- Laboratório de Histomorfometria e Genômica Pulmonar, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T. Takagaki
- Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.A. Nagai
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Centro de Pesquisa Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - V.L. Capelozzi
- Laboratório de Histomorfometria e Genômica Pulmonar, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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16
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Andrews LJ, Thornton ZA, Saleh R, Dawson S, Short SC, Daly R, Higgins JPT, Davies P, Kurian KM. Genomic landscape and actionable mutations of brain metastases derived from non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad145. [PMID: 38130901 PMCID: PMC10734675 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastases derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represent a significant clinical problem. We aim to characterize the genomic landscape of brain metastases derived from NSCLC and assess clinical actionability. Methods We searched Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and BIOSIS from inception to 18/19 May 2022. We extracted information on patient demographics, smoking status, genomic data, matched primary NSCLC, and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression. Results We found 72 included papers and data on 2346 patients. The most frequently mutated genes from our data were EGFR (n = 559), TP53 (n = 331), KRAS (n = 328), CDKN2A (n = 97), and STK11 (n = 72). Common missense mutations included EGFR L858R (n = 80) and KRAS G12C (n = 17). Brain metastases of ever versus never smokers had differing missense mutations in TP53 and EGFR, except for L858R and T790M in EGFR, which were seen in both subgroups. Of the top 10 frequently mutated genes that had primary NSCLC data, we found 37% of the specific mutations assessed to be discordant between the primary NSCLC and brain metastases. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to describe the genomic landscape of brain metastases derived from NSCLC. These results provide a comprehensive outline of frequently mutated genes and missense mutations that could be clinically actionable. These data also provide evidence of differing genomic landscapes between ever versus never smokers and primary NSCLC compared to the BM. This information could have important consequences for the selection and development of targeted drugs for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily J Andrews
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cancer Research Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zak A Thornton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cancer Research Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruqiya Saleh
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Dawson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan C Short
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Daly
- Cellular Pathology Department, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian P T Higgins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philippa Davies
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cancer Research Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cancer Research Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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17
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[STE029 Overcomes EGFR-TKI Resistance in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:771-781. [PMID: 36419390 PMCID: PMC9720680 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired and primary resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is still the bottleneck of clinical treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). STE029 is a novel anticancer drug which consists of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor and novel cancer cell membrane targeting molecular. This study aimed to investigate the reversal mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance by STE029 in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS CCK8 test was used to test the cell viability and survival rate of EGFR mutated PC9 cell (Gefitinib sensitive), PC9/BB4 cell (acquired Gefitinib resistant), and EGFR wild type A549 cell after treatment of STE029, Gefitinib or combination of both. EdU test was applied to detect changes in cell cycle and Hoechst 33258 was applied to detect apoptosis rate in overcoming the EGFR-TKI resistance. The activity of EGFR/PI3K/Akt, cell cycle and apoptosis signal pathways were examined. In vivo, nude mice were exposed to STE029, Gefitinib and STE029+Gefitinib for 5 wk. And the the tumor volume was measured and tumor weight was obtained on the last day. RESULTS (1) PC9 cells was highly sensitive to Gefitinib, while PC9/BB4 and A549 cell showed significant resistance to Gefitinib treatment; (2) STE029+Gefitinib treatment could significantly decrease the 50% inhibitory concentrarion (IC₅₀) of Gefitinib in PC9, PC9/BB4 and A549 cells (P<0.05, respectively); (3) In PC9 and PC9/BB4 cells, STE029+Gefitinib can block cell cycle and inhibit cell proliferation (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in apoptosis rate among three drug intervention groups (P>0.05); However, apoptosis rate was increased in STE029+Gefitinib group in A549 cell (P<0.01), while no significance detected in cell proliferation (P>0.05). (4) In PC9 and PC9/BB4 cells, the combination of STE029 and Gefitinib could downregulate p-EGFR, p-Akt, p-Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D1 (P<0.001), and upregulate the expression of GSK-3β (P<0.001), and the expression of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-8 cleaved caspase-9, caspase-9 showed no difference among groups (P>0.05). In A549 cells, the combination of STE029 and Gefitinib could downregulate p-Akt (P<0.001) and upregulate cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-9 (P<0.001); (5)In vivo, the combination of STE029 and Gefitinib effectively inhibited tumor development and progression compared to STE029 alone or Gefitinib alone, with significant difference (P<0.05) in PC9 and PC9/BB4 xenografted tumor. CONCLUSIONS STE029 could sensitize Gefitinib by inhibiting EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway, blocking the tumor cell cycle and proliferation and inducing apoptosis through caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent pathway. STE029 deserves further investigations in overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer.
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18
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Opo FADM, Moulay M, Zari A, Alqaderi A, Alkarim S, Zari T, Bhuiyan MA, Mahmoud MM, Aljoud F, Suhail M, Edris S, Ramadan WS, Kamal MA, Nemmiche S, Ahammad F. Pharmacophore-based virtual screening approaches to identify novel molecular candidates against EGFR through comprehensive computational approaches and in-vitro studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027890. [PMID: 36457709 PMCID: PMC9707641 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) gene, which primarily occur in the axon 18-21 position, have been linked to a variety of cancers, including ovarian, breast, colon, and lung cancer. The use of TK inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib, and afatinib) and monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab, and matuzumab) in the treatment of advanced-stage cancer is very common. These drugs are becoming less effective in EGFR targeted cancer treatment and developing resistance to cancer cell eradication, which sometimes necessitates stopping treatment due to the side effects. One in silico study has been conducted to identify EGFR antagonists using other compounds, databases without providing the toxicity profile, comparative analyses, or morphological cell death pattern. The goal of our study was to identify potential lead compounds, and we identified seven compounds based on the docking score and four compounds that were chosen for our study, utilizing toxicity analysis. Molecular docking, virtual screening, dynamic simulation, and in-vitro screening indicated that these compounds' effects were superior to those of already marketed medication (gefitinib). The four compounds obtained, ZINC96937394, ZINC14611940, ZINC103239230, and ZINC96933670, demonstrated improved binding affinity (-9.9 kcal/mol, -9.6 kcal/mol, -9.5 kcal/mol, and -9.2 kcal/mol, respectively), interaction stability, and a lower toxicity profile. In silico toxicity analysis showed that our compounds have a lower toxicity profile and a higher LD50 value. At the same time, a selected compound, i.e., ZINC103239230, was revealed to attach to a particular active site and bind more tightly to the protein, as well as show better in-vitro results when compared to our selected gefitinib medication. MTT assay, gene expression analysis (BAX, BCL-2, and β-catenin), apoptosis analysis, TEM, cell cycle assay, ELISA, and cell migration assays were conducted to perform the cell death analysis of lung cancer and breast cancer, compared to the marketed product. The MTT assay exhibited 80% cell death for 75 µM and 100µM; however, flow cytometry analysis with the IC50 value demonstrated that the selected compound induced higher apoptosis in MCF-7 (30.8%) than in A549.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Dain Md Opo
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Abdelhamid ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Ali Zari
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alqaderi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alkarim
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Zari
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadwa Aljoud
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Suhail
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Edris
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Embryonic and Cancer Stem Cell Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saïd Nemmiche
- Department of Biology, Abdelhamid ibn Badis University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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Tang C, Liu J, Yang C, Ma J, Chen X, Liu D, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Lin Y, Yuan X. Curcumin and Its Analogs in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Challenges and Expectations. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1636. [PMID: 36358986 PMCID: PMC9688036 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have made crucial advances in understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), improving our understanding of lung tumor biology and progression. Although the survival of NSCLC patients has improved due to chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, overall NSCLC recovery and survival rates remain low. Thus, there is an urgent need for the continued development of novel NSCLC drugs or combination therapies with less toxicity. Although the anticancer effectiveness of curcumin (Cur) and some Cur analogs has been reported in many studies, the results of clinical trials have been inconsistent. Therefore, in this review, we collected the latest related reports about the anti-NSCLC mechanisms of Cur, its analogs, and Cur in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents via the Pubmed database (accessed on 18 June 2022). Furthermore, we speculated on the interplay of Cur and various molecular targets relevant to NSCLC with discovery studio and collected clinical trials of Cur against NSCLC to clarify the role of Cur and its analogs in NSCLC treatment. Despite their challenges, Cur/Cur analogs may serve as promising therapeutic agents or adjuvants for lung carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyin Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banan Second People’s Hospital, Banan District, Chongqing 401320, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Dongwen Liu
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157000, China
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Audit of Molecular Mechanisms of Primary and Secondary Resistance to Various Generations of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Known Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Centre. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:e451-e462. [PMID: 35810049 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Presently, three generations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved against oncogene addicted EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with actionable EGFR mutations invariably develop resistance. This resistance can be intrinsic (primary) or acquired (secondary). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2016 and April 2021 analysing 486 samples of NSCLC for primary and secondary resistance to first- (erlotinib, gefitinb), second- (afatinib) and/or third-generation (osimertinib) TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLCs by next generation sequencing (NGS). Tissue NGS was carried out using the Thermofischer Ion Torrent™ Oncomine™ Focus 52 gene assay; liquid biopsy NGS was carried out using the Oncomine Lung Cell-Free Total Nucleic Acid assay. All cases were previously tested for a single EGFR gene with the Therascreen® EGFR RGQ PCR kit. RESULTS The results were divided into four groups: (i) group 1: primary resistance to first- and/or second-generation TKIs. This group, with 21 cases, showed EGFR exon 20 insertions, dual, complex mutations and variant of unknown significance, de novo MET gene amplification besides other mutations. (ii) Group 2: primary resistance to third-generation TKIs. This group showed two cases, with one showing dual EGFR mutation (L858R and E709A) and EGFR gene amplification. (iii) Group 3: secondary resistance to first- and second-generation TKIs. This group had 27 cases, which were previously reported negative for EGFR T790M by single gene testing. Significant findings were MET gene amplification in four cases, with one also showing MET exon 14 skipping mutation. Three cases showed small cell change and one showed loss of primary mutation. (iv) Group 4: secondary resistance to third-generation TKIs. The latter group was further subgrouped into group 4A: secondary resistance to osimertinib (third-generation TKI) when offered as second-line therapy after first- and second-generation TKIs on detection of T790M mutation. This group had 15 cases. EGFR T790M mutation was lost in 10 (10/15; 67%) cases and was retained in five cases. Patients with T790M loss experienced early resistance (6.9 months versus 12.6 months mean, P = 0.0024) compared with cases that retained T790M. Two cases gained MET amplification as the resistance mechanisms. Other mutations that were found when EGFR T790M was lost were in FGFR3, KRAS, PIK3CA, CTNNB1, BRAF genes. One case had EML4-ALK translocation. Two cases showed driver EGFR deletion 19, retained T790M and C797S mutation in Cis form. Group 4B: secondary resistance to osimertinib (when given as first-line therapy) in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. This group had three cases. The duration of osimertinib treatment ranged from 11 to 17 months. Two patients showed additional C797S mutation along with primary EGFR mutation. CONCLUSION This study shows the wide spectrum of primary and secondary EGFR resistance mechanisms to first, second and third generation of TKIs and helps us to identify newer therapeutic targets that could carry forward the initial advantage offered by EGFR TKIs.
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Fang X, Yu S, Jiang Y, Xiang Y, Lu K. Circulating tumor DNA detection in MRD assessment and diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1027664. [PMID: 36387176 PMCID: PMC9646858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1027664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has contributed immensely to the management of hematologic malignancy and is now considered a valuable detection tool for solid tumors. ctDNA can reflect the real-time tumor burden and be utilized for analyzing specific cancer mutations via liquid biopsy which is a non-invasive procedure that can be used with a relatively high frequency. Thus, many clinicians use ctDNA to assess minimal residual disease (MRD) and it serves as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for cancer therapy, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Advanced methods have been developed to detect ctDNA, and recent clinical trials have shown the rationality and feasibility of ctDNA for identifying mutations and guiding treatments in NSCLC. Here, we have reviewed recently developed ctDNA detection methods and the importance of sequence analyses of ctDNA in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaihua Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hosptial of Nanjing Medicial University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Vaquero J, Pavy A, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Meredith M, Arbelaiz A, Fouassier L. Genetic alterations shaping tumor response to anti-EGFR therapies. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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CCT6A and CHCHD2 Are Coamplified with EGFR and Associated with the Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes of Lung Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1560199. [PMID: 35937942 PMCID: PMC9352476 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1560199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 6A (CCT6A) and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) are located at the chromosome 7p11 region proximal to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, the amplifications, expressions, and the prognostic effects of CCT6A and CHCDH2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are unclear. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, we found that CCT6A was coamplified and coexpressed with EGFR in LUAD patients. CCT6A amplification was correlated with the unfavorable outcomes of LUAD. Moreover, CCT6A was upregulated in LUAD tissues, and CCT6A overexpression was correlated with the unfavorable relapse free survival or overall survival of LUAD. On the contrary, CCT6A was hypomethylated in LUAD, and CCT6A hypermethylation was correlated with the favorable overall survival of LUAD. Similar expression and methylation profiling of CCT6A were obtained in 479 lung normal tissues and 544 LUAD tissues collected from 11 independent datasets. In 1,462 LUAD patients from eight independent cohorts, CCT6A was also correlated with LUAD relapse-free survival or overall survival. Furthermore, CCT6A overexpression promoted the cell growth and invasion of LUAD. Identification of genes differentially expressed in CCT6A highly expressed LUAD patients revealed that CHCHD2 was the most correlated with CCT6A expression. CHCHD2 was coamplified with CCT6A. CHCHD2 was upregulated in LUAD tissues, and overexpression of CHCHD2 was correlated with the shorted relapse-free survival or overall survival of LUAD. Overall, our results revealed that CCT6A and CHCHD2 were coamplifying and coexpressing with EGFR and were correlated with the unfavorable clinical outcomes of LUAD.
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Ding Y, Dong H, Li Y, Liu L, Cai Y, Wang Y, Tian S, Dai C. De Novo mutation in Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-D761Y responding to third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor Osimertinib: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29332. [PMID: 35866776 PMCID: PMC9302299 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are the most common accurate gene targets. However, the lack of case reports or cohort studies on the exceptionally rare mutations limit the acquisition of deeper insights. PATIENT CONCERNS A 76-year-old female nonsmoker presented to our hospital with a one-week disease history of cough accompanied by shortness of breath. DIAGNOSIS Contrast-enhanced CT scan showed right pleural effusion with scattered inflammation and consolidation in the right upper lung. Tumor marker display showed obvious increased. Histopathology of the pulmonary mass combined with Immunohistochemical staining indicated lung adenocarcinoma. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging suggested brain metastases. ECT scan showed bone metastasis. The patient was thus diagnosed as right lung adenocarcinoma of stage IV (cT3N3M1c). Next generation sequencing was performed to profile the mutation status of known oncogenic driver mutations, and only EGFR-D761Y in exon 19 (allelic frequency, AF: 0.53%) mutation was found. INTERVENTIONS The patient was accordingly treated with the third generation EGFR-Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Osimertinib (80 mg, qd). Accompanied with whole brain radiotherapy (DT3000c Gy/10f) for brain metastases, technetium methylene diphosphonate injection was performed for bone metastases. OUTCOMES The efficacy of the first-line Osimertinib treatment for 1 month was assessed as PR per RECIST version 1.1. The NSCLC patient harboring EGFR-D761Y mutation detected prior to the EGFR L858R mutation was benefited from the third-generation EGFR-TKI Osimertinib and had a worse prognosis than with other EGFR mutations according to data from previous case reports. CONCLUSIONS This case reported a NSCLC patient with de novo mutation of EGFR-D761Y responding to third generation TKI Osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - YongCheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Amoy Diagnostics Co Ltd., 39 Dingshan Road, Haicang District Xiamen, Fujian, CN 361027
| | - Shengya Tian
- Amoy Diagnostics Co Ltd., 39 Dingshan Road, Haicang District Xiamen, Fujian, CN 361027
| | - Chengtao Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, 311200, Zhejiang, China
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Johnson M, Chiara Garassino M, Mok T, Mitsudomi T. Treatment Strategies and Outcomes for Patients with EGFR-mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Focus on Novel Therapies. Lung Cancer 2022; 170:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Pawara R, Ahmad I, Nayak D, Belamkar S, Surana S, Kundu CN, Patil C, Patel H. Design and synthesis of the novel, selective WZ4002 analogue as EGFR-L858R/T790M tyrosine kinase inhibitors for targeted drug therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Lei T, Huang J, Xie F, Gu J, Cheng Z, Wang Z. HMGB1-mediated autophagy promotes gefitinib resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:fpage-lpage. [PMID: 35462475 PMCID: PMC9828391 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks the first in incidence and mortality among malignant tumors in China. Molecular targeted therapies such as gefitinib, an oral inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, have shown significant benefits in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, most patients have unsatisfactory outcomes due to the development of drug resistance, and there is an urgent need to better understand the pathways involved in the resistance mechanisms. In this study, we found that HMGB1 is highly expressed in drug-resistant cells and confers to gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells via activating autophagy process. Gefitinib upregulates HMGB1 expression in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners in human NSCLC cells. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HMGB1 reduces PC9GR cell viability, induces apoptosis, and partially restores gefitinib sensitivity. Mechanistic analyses indicate that elevated HMGB1 expression contributes to gefitinib resistance by inducing autophagy. Thus, our results suggest that HMGB1 is an autophagy regulator and plays a key role in gefitinib resistance of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Lei
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Jiali Huang
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Fei Xie
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Jingyao Gu
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
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Effect of Osimertinib on CTCs and ctDNA in EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: The Prognostic Relevance of Liquid Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061574. [PMID: 35326725 PMCID: PMC8946716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osimertinib has become the standard of care for the first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients. The aim of this current translational research study was to assess the clinical relevance of liquid biopsy in 47 patients receiving osimertinib. Effects on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and plasma-DNA (ctDNA) were investigated before, after one treatment cycle, and at the end of treatment. ctDNA and CTCs decreased after one treatment cycle, but increased at the end of treatment. The detection of ctDNA before and after one treatment cycle was associated with shorter progression-free and overall survivals (PFS and OS), whereas ctDNA clearance after one treatment cycle resulted in a significantly longer PFS and OS. ctDNA at baseline emerged as an independent predictor of shorter PFS. Thus, changes in liquid biopsy status (CTCs, ctDNA) during osimertinib treatment can be used as a tool for treatment efficacy. Abstract Introduction: Liquid biopsy is a useful tool for monitoring treatment outcome in solid tumors, including lung cancer. The relevance of monitoring CTCs and plasma ctDNA as predictors of clinical outcome was assessed in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib. Methods: Forty-seven EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients who had progressed on prior first- or second-generation EGFR inhibitors were enrolled in the study and treated with osimertinib, irrespective of the presence of the T790M mutation in the primary tumor or the plasma. Peripheral blood was collected at baseline (n = 47), post-Cycle 1 (n = 47), and at the end of treatment (EOT; n = 39). CTCs were evaluated in 32 patients at the same time points (n = 32, n = 27, and n = 21, respectively) and phenotypic characterization was performed using triple immunofluorescence staining (CK/VIM/CD45). Results: Osimertinib resulted in an ORR of 34% (2 CR) and a DCR of 76.6%. The median PFS and OS values were 7.5 (range, 0.8–52.8) and 15.1 (range, 2.1–52.8) months, respectively. ctDNA was detected in 61.7%, 27.7%, and 61.5% of patients at baseline, post-Cycle 1, and EOT, respectively. CTCs (CK+/CD45-) were detected in 68.8%, 48.1%, and 61.9% of patients at the three time points, respectively. CTCs expressing both epithelial and mesenchymal markers (CK+/VIM+/CD45-) were detected in 56.3% and 29.6% of patients at baseline and post-Cycle 1, respectively. The detection of ctDNA at baseline and post-Cycle 1 was associated with shorter PFS and OS, whereas the ctDNA clearance post-Cycle 1 resulted in a significantly longer PFS and OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex and the detection of ctDNA at baseline were independent predictors of shorter PFS (HR: 2.6, 95% C.I.: 1.2–5.5, p = 0.015 and HR: 3.0, 95% C.I.: 1.3–6.9; p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: The decrease in both CTCs and ctDNA occurring early during osimertinib treatment is predictive of better outcome, implying that liquid biopsy monitoring may be a valuable tool for the assessment of treatment efficacy.
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Kaewjanthong P, Sooksai S, Sasano H, Hutvagner G, Bajan S, McGowan E, Boonyaratanakornkit V. Cell-penetrating peptides containing the progesterone receptor polyproline domain inhibits EGF signaling and cell proliferation in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264717. [PMID: 35235599 PMCID: PMC8890653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority (80-85%) of all lung cancers. All current available treatments have limited efficacy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in the development and progression of NSCLC, with high EGFR expression associated with increased cell proliferation and poor prognosis. Thus, interfering with EGFR signaling has been shown to effectively reduce cell proliferation and help in the treatment of NSCLC. We previously demonstrated that the progesterone receptor (PR) contains a polyproline domain (PPD) that directly interacts with Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing molecules and expression of PR-PPD peptides inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation. In this study, we investigated whether the introduction of PR-PPD by cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) could inhibit EGF-induced cell proliferation in NSCLC cells. PR-PPD was attached to a cancer-specific CPP, Buforin2 (BR2), to help deliver the PR-PPD into NSCLC cells. Interestingly, addition of BR2-2xPPD peptides containing two PR-PPD repeats was more effective in inhibiting NSCLC proliferation and significantly reduced EGF-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2. BR2-2xPPD treatment induced cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK2 genes in EGFR-wild type A549 cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including Gefitinib or Erlotinib, with BR2-2xPPD peptides further suppressed the growth of NSCLC PC9 cells harboring EGFR mutations as compared to EGFR-TKIs treatment alone. Importantly, BR2-2xPPD peptides mediated growth inhibition in acquired Gefitinib- and Erlotinib- resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. Our data suggests that PR-PPD is the minimal protein domain sufficient to inhibit NSCLC cell growth and has the potential to be developed as a novel NSCLC therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panthita Kaewjanthong
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarintip Sooksai
- The Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gyorgy Hutvagner
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Bajan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Eileen McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Camidge DR, Moran T, Demedts I, Grosch H, Mileham K, Molina J, Juan-Vidal O, Bepler G, Goldman JW, Park K, Wallin J, Wijayawardana SR, Wang XA, Wacheck V, Smit E. A Randomized, Open-Label Phase 2 Study Evaluating Emibetuzumab Plus Erlotinib and Emibetuzumab Monotherapy in MET Immunohistochemistry Positive NSCLC Patients with Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib. Clin Lung Cancer 2022; 23:300-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Ma JW, Li M. Molecular typing of lung adenocarcinoma with computed tomography and CT image-based radiomics: a narrative review of research progress and prospects. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:4217-4231. [PMID: 35116717 PMCID: PMC8797562 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this paper was to perform a narrative review of current research evidence on conventional computed tomography (CT) imaging features and CT image-based radiomic features for predicting gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma and discuss how to translate the research findings to guide future practice. Background Lung cancer, especially lung adenocarcinoma, is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. With advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma with the emergence of molecular testing, the prediction of oncogenes and even drug resistance gene mutations have become key to individualized and precise clinical treatment in order to prolong survival and improve quality of life. The progress of imageological examination includes the development of CT and radiomics are promising quantitative methods for predicting different gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma, especially common mutations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) mutation. Methods The PubMed electronic database was searched along with a set of terms specific to lung adenocarcinoma, radiomics (including texture analysis), CT, computed tomography, EGFR, ALK, KRAS, rearranging transfection (RET) rearrangement and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS-1), v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations et al. This review has been reported in compliance with the Narrative Review checklist guidelines. From each full-text article, information was extracted regarding a set of terms above. Conclusions Research on the application of conventional CT features and CT image-based radiomic features for predicting the gene mutation status of lung adenocarcinoma is still in a preliminary stage. Noninvasively determination of mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma before targeted therapy with conventional CT features and CT image-based radiomic features remains both hopes and challenges. Before radiomics could be applied in clinical practice, more work needs to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Structural Insight and Development of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030819. [PMID: 35164092 PMCID: PMC8838133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high prevalence, with a growing number of new cases and mortality every year. Furthermore, the survival rate of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is still quite low in the majority of cases. Despite the use of conventional therapy such as tyrosine kinase inhibitor for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which is highly expressed in most NSCLC cases, there was still no substantial improvement in patient survival. This is due to the drug’s ineffectiveness and high rate of resistance among individuals with mutant EGFR. Therefore, the development of new inhibitors is urgently needed. Understanding the EGFR structure, including its kinase domain and other parts of the protein, and its activation mechanism can accelerate the discovery of novel compounds targeting this protein. This study described the structure of the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains of EGFR. This was carried out along with identifying the binding pose of commercially available inhibitors in the ATP-binding and allosteric sites, thereby clarifying the research gaps that can be filled. The binding mechanism of inhibitors that have been used clinically was also explained, thereby aiding the structure-based development of new drugs.
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Koga T, Suda K, Mitsudomi T. Utility of the Ba/F3 cell system for exploring on-target mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:815-827. [PMID: 34997674 PMCID: PMC8898722 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapies are the standard of care for front‐line treatment of metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring driver gene mutations. However, despite the initial dramatic responses, the emergence of acquired resistance is inevitable. Acquisition of secondary mutations in the target gene (on‐target resistance) is one of the major mechanisms of resistance. The mouse pro‐B cell line Ba/F3 is dependent on interleukin‐3 for survival and proliferation. Upon transduction of a driver gene, Ba/F3 cells become independent of interleukin‐3 but dependent on the transduced driver gene. Therefore, the Ba/F3 cell line has been a popular system to generate models with oncogene dependence and vulnerability to specific targeted therapies. These models have been used to estimate oncogenicity of driver mutations or efficacies of molecularly targeted drugs. In addition, Ba/F3 models, together with N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis, have been used to derive acquired resistant cells to investigate on‐target resistance mechanisms. Here, we reviewed studies that used Ba/F3 models with EGFR mutations, ALK/ROS1/NTRK/RET fusions, MET exon 14 skipping mutations, or KRAS G12C mutations to investigate secondary/tertiary drug resistant mutations. We determined that 68% of resistance mutations reproducibly detected in clinical cases were also found in Ba/F3 models. In addition, sensitivity data generated with Ba/F3 models correlated well with clinical responses to each drug. Ba/F3 models are useful to comprehensively identify potential mutations that induce resistance to molecularly targeted drugs and to explore drugs to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Koga
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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A Phase 1/2 Study of Lazertinib 240 mg in Patients with Advanced EGFR T790M-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Prior EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 17:558-567. [PMID: 34958928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This integrated analysis of a phase 1/2 study (NCT03046992) assessed the efficacy and safety of lazertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in patients with advanced EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after prior EGFR TKI therapy. METHODS Adults with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC that progressed after prior EGFR-directed TKIs received once-daily oral lazertinib 240 mg continuously until disease progression. Prior TKIs to treat T790M-positive NSCLC were prohibited. Primary endpoints were safety and objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, and intracranial ORR. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients received lazertinib 240 mg at 17 centers in South Korea. Among patients with T790M-positive tumors at baseline (n=76), 1 (1.3%) had a complete response and 41 (53.9%) had partial responses, giving an ORR of 55.3% (95% CI, 44.1-66.4). Median progression-free survival was 11.1 months (95% CI, 5.5-16.4). Median overall survival was not reached (median follow-up 22.0 months). In patients with measurable intracranial lesions (n=7), 1 (14.3%) had a complete intracranial response and 5 (71.4%) had partial responses, giving an intracranial ORR of 85.7% (95% CI, 59.8-100.0%). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were rash (37.2%), pruritus (34.6%), and paresthesia (33.3%); most were mild to moderate in severity. Serious drug-related adverse events occurred in 3 patients (gastritis, pneumonia, pneumonitis). The major mechanism of resistance was EGFR T790M loss. CONCLUSIONS Lazertinib 240 mg/day has a manageable safety profile with durable antitumor efficacy, including brain metastases, in patients with advanced T790M-positive NSCLC after prior EGFR TKI therapy.
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El-Gamal MI, Mewafi NH, Abdelmotteleb NE, Emara MA, Tarazi H, Sbenati RM, Madkour MM, Zaraei SO, Shahin AI, Anbar HS. A Review of HER4 (ErbB4) Kinase, Its Impact on Cancer, and Its Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:7376. [PMID: 34885957 PMCID: PMC8659013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HER4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is required for the evolution of normal body systems such as cardiovascular, nervous, and endocrine systems, especially the mammary glands. It is activated through ligand binding and activates MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. HER4 is commonly expressed in many human tissues, both adult and fetal. It is important to understand the role of HER4 in the treatment of many disorders. Many studies were also conducted on the role of HER4 in tumors and its tumor suppressor function. Mostly, overexpression of HER4 kinase results in cancer development. In the present article, we reviewed the structure, location, ligands, physiological functions of HER4, and its relationship to different cancer types. HER4 inhibitors reported mainly from 2016 to the present were reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. El-Gamal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nada H. Mewafi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Nada E. Abdelmotteleb
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Minnatullah A. Emara
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (N.H.M.); (N.E.A.); (M.A.E.); (H.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Rawan M. Sbenati
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Moustafa M. Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Seyed-Omar Zaraei
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Afnan I. Shahin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (R.M.S.); (M.M.M.); (S.-O.Z.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Hanan S. Anbar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai 19099, United Arab Emirates
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Hondelink LM, Jebbink M, von der Thüsen JH, Cohen D, Dubbink HJ, Paats MS, Dingemans AMC, de Langen AJ, Boelens MC, Smit EF, Postmus PE, van Wezel T, Monkhorst K. Real-World Approach for Molecular Analysis of Acquired EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms in NSCLC. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100252. [PMID: 34849493 PMCID: PMC8608608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the approval of first-line osimertinib treatment in stage IV EGFR-mutated NSCLC, detection of resistance mechanisms will become increasingly important-and complex. Clear guidelines for analyses of these resistance mechanisms are currently lacking. Here, we provide our recommendations for optimal molecular diagnostics in the post-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance setting. METHODS We compared molecular workup strategies from three hospitals of 161 first- or second-generation EGFR TKI-treated cases and 159 osimertinib-treated cases. Laboratories used combinations of DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS), RNA NGS, in situ hybridization (ISH), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Resistance mechanisms were identified in 72 first-generation TKI cases (51%) and 85 osimertinib cases (57%). RNA NGS, when performed, revealed fusions or exon-skipping events in 4% of early TKI cases and 10% of osimertinib cases. Of the 30 MET and HER2 amplifications, 10 were exclusively detected by ISH or IHC, and not detected by DNA NGS, mostly owing to low tumor cell percentage (<30%) and possibly tumor heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our real-world data support a method for molecular diagnostics, consisting of a parallel combination of DNA NGS, RNA NGS, MET ISH, and either HER2 ISH or IHC. Combining RNA and DNA isolation into one step limits dropout rates. In case of financial or tissue limitations, a sequential approach is justifiable, in which RNA NGS is only performed in case no resistance mechanisms are identified. Yet, this is suboptimal as-although rare-multiple acquired resistance mechanisms may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth M. Hondelink
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Jebbink
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danielle Cohen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus J. Dubbink
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe S. Paats
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C. Dingemans
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus J. de Langen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C. Boelens
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter E. Postmus
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ibrahim MT, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Uba S. Computer-aided design of some quinazoline analogues as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-muted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains among the utmost important unachieved therapeutic need worldwide. Development of EGFR inhibitors to treat NSCLC mutations has been among the difficult tasks faced by researchers in this area. As such, there is a need to discover more EGFR inhibitors. The purpose of this work is to perform computer-aided/structure-based design of novel EGFR inhibitors, elucidate their nature of interactions with their target, and also assess their ADMET properties as well as their drug-likeness, respectively. Compound 17 with a highest binding affinity of −9.5kcal/mol was identified as the template hit compound using molecular docking virtual screening in our previous work. The compound interacted with the active site of the EGFR receptor via hydrogen bond with the following amino acid residues MET793, MET793, THR854, and ASP855 with bond distances of 2.61394 (Å), 2.18464 (Å), 2.57601 (Å), and 2.68794 (Å), respectively. It also interacted with the active site of the EGFR receptor via halogen bond (GLN791), hydrophobic bond (LEU718, CYS797, LYS745, ALA743, ALA743, and VAL726), electrostatic bond (LYS745), and others (MET766), respectively. Furthermore, from our previous study, the following descriptors (ATSC6m, ATSC8e, MATS7m, SpMax3_Bhp, SpMax5_Bhs, and MaxHBint10) contained in the reported model were found to be responsible for the inhibitory activities of the studied compounds. In this research, the template (compound 17) was modified manually by attaching halo-phenyl and halo-phenyl-amino rings on the para position of the flouro-nitro-benzamide moiety of the template compound, respectively.
Results
A computer-aided design/structure-based approach was used to design six new EGFR inhibitors using molecule 17 as the template compound for the design identified in our previously reported work. Molecular docking investigation was performed to elucidate the binding mode of these newly designed EGFR inhibitors with the binding pose of EGFR receptor (pdb code 4ZAU) and found to have better affinities which range from −9.5 to −10.4 kcal/mol than the template compound and gefitinib, the control, respectively. The ADMET property assessment of these newly designed EGFR inhibitors indicated that they were orally bioavailable with good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretory properties with no toxicity. And for their drug-likeness, they were seen to have a higher molecular weight which might be as a result of halo-phenyl-amino ring attachments. Based on this finding, halo-phenyl-amino rings might be responsible for the inhibitory activities of these newly designed compounds.
Conclusion
The six newly designed EGFR inhibitors were found to have higher binding affinities toward their target EGFR receptor than the template compound and gefitinib which was used as the control in this research. They were seen to have good ADMET and drug-like properties which indicate that they might be orally bioavailable. Furthermore, according to their synthetic accessibility score, they can be easily synthesized in the laboratory because the values were found to be less than five which fall within the easy portion of the scale. Therefore, this research recommends that these newly designed EGFR inhibitors should be synthesized most especially those with higher binding affinities, good ADMET, and drug-likeness properties than the template compound.
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Yan D, Earp HS, DeRyckere D, Graham DK. Targeting MERTK and AXL in EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5639. [PMID: 34830794 PMCID: PMC8616094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MERTK and AXL are members of the TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases and are abnormally expressed in 69% and 93% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), respectively. Expression of MERTK and/or AXL provides a survival advantage for NSCLC cells and correlates with lymph node metastasis, drug resistance, and disease progression in patients with NSCLC. The TAM receptors on host tumor infiltrating cells also play important roles in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, MERTK and AXL are attractive biologic targets for NSCLC treatment. Here, we will review physiologic and oncologic roles for MERTK and AXL with an emphasis on the potential to target these kinases in NSCLCs with activating EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.Y.); (D.D.)
| | - Douglas K. Graham
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (D.Y.); (D.D.)
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Wagner A, Teufl M, Gold L, Lehner M, Obinger C, Sykacek P, Traxlmayr MW. PhosphoFlowSeq - A High-throughput Kinase Activity Assay for Screening Drug Resistance Mutations in EGFR. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167210. [PMID: 34499921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance poses a major challenge for targeted cancer therapy. To be able to functionally screen large randomly mutated target gene libraries for drug resistance mutations, we developed a biochemically defined high-throughput assay termed PhosphoFlowSeq. Instead of selecting for proliferation or resistance to apoptosis, PhosphoFlowSeq directly analyzes the enzymatic activities of randomly mutated kinases, thereby reducing the dependency on the signaling network in the host cell. Moreover, simultaneous analysis of expression levels enables compensation for expression-based biases on a single cell level. Using EGFR and its kinase inhibitor erlotinib as a model system, we demonstrate that the clinically most relevant resistance mutation T790M is reproducibly detected at high frequencies after four independent PhosphoFlowSeq selection experiments. Moreover, upon decreasing the selection pressure, also mutations which only confer weak resistance were identified, including T854A and L792H. We expect that PhosphoFlowSeq will be a valuable tool for the prediction and functional screening of drug resistance mutations in kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Teufl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Gold
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Lehner
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Obinger
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Sykacek
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Computational Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael W Traxlmayr
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Chai X, Yinwang E, Wang Z, Wang Z, Xue Y, Li B, Zhou H, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Mou H, Sun L, Qu H, Wang F, Zhang Z, Chen T, Ye Z. Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Bone Metastasis and Their Therapeutic Value. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692788. [PMID: 34722241 PMCID: PMC8552022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Bone metastasis, which usually accompanies severe skeletal-related events, is the most common site for tumor distant dissemination and detected in more than one-third of patients with advanced lung cancer. Biopsy and imaging play critical roles in the diagnosis of bone metastasis; however, these approaches are characterized by evident limitations. Recently, studies regarding potential biomarkers in the serum, urine, and tumor tissue, were performed to predict the bone metastases and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. In this review, we summarize the findings of recent clinical research studies on biomarkers detected in samples obtained from patients with lung cancer bone metastasis. These markers include the following: (1) bone resorption-associated markers, such as N-terminal telopeptide (NTx)/C-terminal telopeptide (CTx), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx-I), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP-5b), pyridinoline (PYD), and parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP); (2) bone formation-associated markers, including total serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/bone specific alkaline phosphatase(BAP), osteopontin (OP), osteocalcin (OS), amino-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen/carboxy-terminal extension propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP/PINP); (3) signaling markers, including epidermal growth factor receptor/Kirsten rat sarcoma/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR/KRAS/ALK), receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/RANK/OPG), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4), complement component 5a receptor (C5AR); and (4) other potential markers, such as calcium sensing receptor (CASR), bone sialoprotein (BSP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), cytokeratin 19 fragment/carcinoembryonic antigen (CYFRA/CEA), tissue factor, cell-free DNA, long non-coding RNA, and microRNA. The prognostic value of these markers is also investigated. Furthermore, we listed some clinical trials targeting hotspot biomarkers in advanced lung cancer referring for their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Eloy Yinwang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangqian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopedic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Hu J, Xing K, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang Z. Global research Trends in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Co-Word and Visualized Study (Preprint). JMIR Med Inform 2021; 10:e34548. [PMID: 35072634 PMCID: PMC9034433 DOI: 10.2196/34548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Hu
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Xing
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Drug resistance of targeted therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer harbored EGFR mutation: from mechanism analysis to clinical strategy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3653-3664. [PMID: 34661758 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% in all cases of lung cancer. In recent years, molecular targeting drugs for NSCLC have been developed rapidly. The epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have changed the paradigm of cancer therapy from empirical cytotoxic chemotherapy to molecular-targeted cancer therapy. Currently, there are three generations of EGFR-TKIs, all of which have achieved good efficacy in clinical therapy. However, most patients developed drug resistance after 6-13 months EGFR-TKIs treatment. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of EGFR-TKIs resistance mechanisms is of vital importance for clinical management of NSCLC. METHODS Relevant data and information about the topic were obtained by searching PubMed (Medline), Web of Science and Google Scholar using the subject headings, such as "NSCLC", "EGFR-TKIs resistance", "EGFR mutations", "human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/erbB-2)", "hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)", "vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)", "insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)", "epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)", "phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)", "RAS mutation", "BRAF mutation", "signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)", and "tumor microenvironment", etc. RESULTS: The mechanisms for EGFR-TKIs resistance include EGFR mutations, upregulation of HER2, HGF/c-MET, VEGF IGF1, EMT and STAT3 pathways, mutations of PTEN, RAS and BRAF genes, and activation of other by-pass pathways. These mechanisms are interconnected and can be potential targets for the treatment of NSCLC. CONCLUSION In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs drug resistance and the clinical strategies to overcome drug resistance from the perspective of EGFR-TKIs combined treatment.
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Chien YN, Lin YC, Chang CL, Lin WC, Wu SY. Thoracic surgery improved overall survival in patients with stage IIIB-IV epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who received and responded to tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Lung Cancer 2021; 162:29-35. [PMID: 34662782 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE No large-scale, prospective, randomized study has evaluated the effect of thoracic surgery on patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IV epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who received and responded to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Therefore, we designed a propensity-score-matched, nationwide, population-based, cohort study to investigate the effects of thoracic surgery on patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IV EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and categorized them into two groups according to their treatment modalities and compared their outcomes: the case group consisted of patients who underwent thoracic surgery for lung tumors after receiving and responding to EGFR-TKI treatment and the comparison group consisted of patients who received EGFR-TKI treatment alone until tumor progression. Patients in both groups were matched at a ratio of 1:4. RESULTS The matching process yielded a final cohort of 1395 patients (279 and 1,116 in the case and comparison groups, respectively) who were eligible for further analysis. According to multivariable Cox regression analyses, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for thoracic surgery for lung tumors after EGFR-TKI use and tumor response (group 2) compared with EGFR-TKI treatment alone (group 1) was 0.445 (0.351-0.564). CONCLUSIONS Thoracic surgery prolonged overall survival in patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IV EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who received and responded to EGFR-TKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Chien
- Master Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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44
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Purcell E, Owen S, Prantzalos E, Radomski A, Carman N, Lo TW, Zeinali M, Subramanian C, Ramnath N, Nagrath S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations Carried in Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Cargo Mirror Disease Status in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:724389. [PMID: 34692681 PMCID: PMC8526851 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.724389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), identifying the presence of sensitizing and resistance epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations dictates treatment plans. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as abundant, stable potential liquid biopsy targets that offer the potential to quantify EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients at the RNA and protein level at multiple points through treatment. In this study, we present a systematic approach for serial mutation profiling of 34 EV samples from 10 metastatic NSCLC patients with known EGFR mutations through treatment. Using western blot and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), sensitizing (exon 19 deletion, L858R) mutations were detected in EV-Protein, and both sensitizing and resistance (T790M) mutations were quantified in EV-RNA. EGFR mutations were detected in EV-Protein from four patients at multiple time points through treatment. Using EV-RNA, tumor biopsy matched sensitizing mutations were detected in 90% of patients and resistance mutations in 100% of patients. Finally, mutation burden in EV-RNA at each time point was compared to disease status, described as either stable or progressing. For 6/7 patients who were longitudinally monitored through treatment, EV mutation burden mirrored clinical trajectory. When comparing mutation detection between EV-RNA and ctDNA using ddPCR, EVs had a better detection rate for exon 19 deletions and the L858R point mutation. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that integrating EV analysis into liquid biopsy mutation screening has the potential to advance beyond the current standard of care "rule in" test. The multi-analyte testing allows future integration of EGFR mutation monitoring with additional EV-markers for a comprehensive patient monitoring biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Owen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Emily Prantzalos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Abigail Radomski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nayri Carman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ting-Wen Lo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mina Zeinali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Sunitha Nagrath,
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45
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Elevating CDCA3 Levels Enhances Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Sensitivity in TKI-Resistant EGFR Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184651. [PMID: 34572879 PMCID: PMC8466783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line therapy for non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that harbour sensitising mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, resistance remains a key issue, with tumour relapse likely to occur. We have previously identified that cell division cycle-associated protein 3 (CDCA3) is elevated in adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and correlates with sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. Herein, we explored whether CDCA3 levels were associated with EGFR mutant LUAD and TKI response. We demonstrate that in a small-cohort tissue microarray and in vitro LUAD cell line panel, CDCA3 protein levels are elevated in EGFR mutant NSCLC as a result of increased protein stability downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Here, CDCA3 protein levels correlated with TKI potency, whereby CDCA3high EGFR mutant NSCLC cells were most sensitive. Consistently, ectopic overexpression or inhibition of casein kinase 2 using CX-4945, which pharmacologically prevents CDCA3 degradation, upregulated CDCA3 levels and the response of T790M(+) H1975 cells and two models of acquired resistance to TKIs. Accordingly, it is possible that strategies to upregulate CDCA3 levels, particularly in CDCA3low tumours or upon the emergence of therapy resistance, might improve the response to EGFR TKIs and benefit patients.
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46
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Jing C, Cao H, Wu J, Ma R, Zhang J, Liu S, Wang Z. Long noncoding
RNA ZMIZ1‐AS1
promotes gefitinib resistance via binding to
hnRNPA1. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Jing
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Rong Ma
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Clinical Cancer Research Center Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Noh KW, Buettner R, Klein S. Shifting Gears in Precision Oncology-Challenges and Opportunities of Integrative Data Analysis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091310. [PMID: 34572523 PMCID: PMC8465238 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, research relating to modification of host immunity towards antitumor response activation has been ongoing, with the breakthrough discovery of immune-checkpoint blockers. Several biomarkers with potential predictive value have been reported in recent studies for these novel therapies. However, with the plethora of therapeutic options existing for a given cancer entity, modern oncology is now being confronted with multifactorial interpretation to devise “the best therapy” for the individual patient. Into the bargain come the multiverse guidelines for established and emerging diagnostic biomarkers, as well as the complex interplay between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment, provoking immense challenges in the therapy decision-making process. Through this review, we present various molecular diagnostic modalities and techniques, such as genomics, immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis, which have the potential of becoming powerful tools in the development of an optimal treatment regime when analogized with patient characteristics. We will summarize the underlying complexities of these methods and shed light upon the necessary considerations and requirements for data integration. It is our hope to provide compelling evidence to emphasize on the need for inclusion of integrative data analysis in modern cancer therapy, and thereupon paving a path towards precision medicine and better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Won Noh
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.-W.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.-W.N.); (R.B.)
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-57670
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Fukuda K, Otani S, Takeuchi S, Arai S, Nanjo S, Tanimoto A, Nishiyama A, Naoki K, Yano S. Trametinib overcomes KRAS-G12V-induced osimertinib resistance in a leptomeningeal carcinomatosis model of EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3784-3795. [PMID: 34145930 PMCID: PMC8409422 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) occurs frequently in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and is associated with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, the mechanism by which LMC acquires resistance to osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is unclear. In this study, we elucidated the resistance mechanism and searched for a novel therapeutic strategy. We induced osimertinib resistance in a mouse model of LMC using an EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell line (PC9) via continuous oral osimertinib treatment and administration of established resistant cells and examined the resistance mechanism using next-generation sequencing. We detected the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS)-G12V mutation in resistant cells, which retained the EGFR exon 19 deletion. Experiments involving KRAS knockdown in resistant cells and KRAS-G12V overexpression in parental cells revealed the involvement of KRAS-G12V in osimertinib resistance. Cotreatment with trametinib (a MEK inhibitor) and osimertinib resensitized the cells to osimertinib. Furthermore, in the mouse model of LMC with resistant cells, combined osimertinib and trametinib treatment successfully controlled LMC progression. These findings suggest a potential novel therapy against KRAS-G12V-harboring osimertinib-resistant LMC in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fukuda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Otani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeuchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nanjo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Azusa Tanimoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishiyama
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naoki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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49
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Li H, Xie Y, Lin Y, Yu T, Yin Z. [Different Gene Mutation Spectrum of the Paired CSF and Plasma Samples in Lung Adenocarcinoma with Leptomeningeal Metastases: the Liquid Biopsy Based on Circulating Tumor DNA]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:646-654. [PMID: 32838487 PMCID: PMC7467992 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 软脑膜转移(leptomeningeal metastasis, LM)是晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)的一种严重并发症, 通常预后较差。对于驱动基因阳性的NSCLC患者, 表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs)是治疗的首选, 但常伴随着无法解决的耐药问题。本研究旨在探讨NSCLC-LM患者的脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid, CSF)和血液中不同的基因突变谱及突变丰度, 筛查相关耐药基因, 以期能精确指导个体化的治疗。 方法 采用二代基因测序(next generation sequencing, NGS)的液体活检技术, 检测、对比分析TKI耐药后NSCLC患者同期的外周血及脑脊液中的循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA)。 结果 共纳入18例NSCLC伴有LM的患者, 基础突变中11例(61.11%)为EGFR, 6例(33.33%)为间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK), 1例(5.56%)为原癌基因酪氨酸蛋白激酶ROS(ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase, ROS1), 伴随突变中肿瘤蛋白P53(tumor protein p53 gene, TP53)、间质-上皮细胞转化因子(mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor, MET)检出率相对较高。CSF样本的靶向基因突变检出率明显高于外周血(100.00% vs 66.67%, P=0.006), 且基础突变基因的CSF丰度均明显高于血浆样本(P < 0.001)。CSF样本检测出丰富的单核苷酸变异(single-nucleotide variations, SNV)和拷贝数变异(copy number variants, CNV), 数量均多于血液样本;且相较于只接受过单一TKI治疗的患者, 使用多种TKI后脑脊液和血液中会产生更多的SNV突变。 结论 NSCLC-LM患者CSF中的ctDNA, 相较于外周血, 能更加准确、全面地反映出LM的真实基因突变状态, 在指导用药、耐药监测、预后评估等方面具有广泛的应用前景, 可作为液体活检的优选。
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongjuan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
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50
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Computational Probing the Methylation Sites Related to EGFR Inhibitor-Responsive Genes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071042. [PMID: 34356665 PMCID: PMC8302001 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance is one of the main obstacles to the treatment of lung cancer patients with EGFR inhibitors. Here, to further understand the mechanism of EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer and offer novel therapeutic targets for anti-EGFR-inhibitor resistance via the deep mining of pharmacogenomics data, we associated DNA methylation with drug sensitivities for uncovering the methylation sites related to EGFR inhibitor sensitivity genes. Specifically, we first introduced a grouped regularized regression model (Group Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, group lasso) to detect the genes that were closely related to EGFR inhibitor effectiveness. Then, we applied the classical regression model (lasso) to identify the methylation sites associated with the above drug sensitivity genes. The new model was validated on the well-known cancer genomics resource: CTRP. GeneHancer and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) database searches indicated that the predicted methylation sites related to EGFR inhibitor sensitivity genes were related to regulatory elements. Moreover, the correlation analysis on sensitivity genes and predicted methylation sites suggested that the methylation sites located in the promoter region were more correlated with the expression of EGFR inhibitor sensitivity genes than those located in the enhancer region and the TFBS. Meanwhile, we performed differential expression analysis of genes and predicted methylation sites and found that changes in the methylation level of some sites may affect the expression of the corresponding EGFR inhibitor-responsive genes. Therefore, we supposed that the effectiveness of EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer may be improved by methylation modification in their sensitivity genes.
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