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Zhang SW, Wang H, Ding XH, Xiao YL, Shao ZM, You C, Gu YJ, Jiang YZ. Bidirectional crosstalk between therapeutic cancer vaccines and the tumor microenvironment: Beyond tumor antigens. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:1005-1024. [PMID: 38933006 PMCID: PMC11197801 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has rejuvenated cancer therapy, especially after anti-PD-(L)1 came onto the scene. Among the many therapeutic options, therapeutic cancer vaccines are one of the most essential players. Although great progress has been made in research on tumor antigen vaccines, few phase III trials have shown clinical benefits. One of the reasons lies in obstruction from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, the therapeutic cancer vaccine reshapes the TME in an ambivalent way, leading to immune stimulation or immune escape. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the interaction between therapeutic cancer vaccines and the TME. With respect to vaccine resistance, innate immunosuppressive TME components and acquired resistance caused by vaccination are both involved. Understanding the underlying mechanism of this crosstalk provides insight into the treatment of cancer by directly targeting the TME or synergizing with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Jia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Kaynak A, Davis HW, Kogan AB, Lee JH, Narmoneva DA, Qi X. Phosphatidylserine: The Unique Dual-Role Biomarker for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2536. [PMID: 35626139 PMCID: PMC9139557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, many cancer-associated biomarkers have been identified that are used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, screening, and early detection, as well as for predicting and monitoring carcinogenesis and therapeutic effectiveness. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid which is predominantly located in the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. In many cancer cells, PS externalizes to the outer cell membrane, a process regulated by calcium-dependent flippases and scramblases. Saposin C coupled with dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS) nanovesicle (BXQ-350) and bavituximab, (Tarvacin, human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibodies) are cell surface PS-targeting drugs being tested in clinical trial for treating a variety of cancers. Additionally, a number of other PS-selective agents have been used to trigger cytotoxicity in tumor-associated endothelial cells or cancer cells in pre-clinical studies. Recent studies have demonstrated that upregulation of surface PS exposure by chemodrugs, radiation, and external electric fields can be used as a novel approach to sensitize cancer cells to PS-targeting anticancer drugs. The objectives of this review are to provide an overview of a unique dual-role of PS as a biomarker/target for cancer imaging and therapy, and to discuss PS-based anticancer strategies that are currently under active development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kaynak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Harold W. Davis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Andrei B. Kogan
- Physics Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Jing-Huei Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Daria A. Narmoneva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (A.K.); (J.-H.L.); (D.A.N.)
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
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3
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Kaynak A, Davis HW, Vallabhapurapu SD, Pak KY, Gray BD, Qi X. SapC-DOPS as a Novel Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agent for Glioblastoma Therapy and Detection: Alternative to Old Drugs and Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1193. [PMID: 34832975 PMCID: PMC8619974 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common type of brain cancer, is extremely aggressive and has a dreadful prognosis. GBM comprises 60% of adult brain tumors and the 5 year survival rate of GBM patients is only 4.3%. Standard-of-care treatment includes maximal surgical removal of the tumor in combination with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. TMZ is the "gold-standard" chemotherapy for patients suffering from GBM. However, the median survival is only about 12 to 18 months with this protocol. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop new therapeutic options for treatment of GBM. Nanomaterials have unique properties as multifunctional platforms for brain tumor therapy and diagnosis. As one of the nanomaterials, lipid-based nanocarriers are capable of delivering chemotherapeutics and imaging agents to tumor sites by enhancing the permeability of the compound through the blood-brain barrier, which makes them ideal for GBM therapy and imaging. Nanocarriers also can be used for delivery of radiosensitizers to the tumor to enhance the efficacy of the radiation therapy. Previously, high-atomic-number element-containing particles such as gold nanoparticles and liposomes have been used as radiosensitizers. SapC-DOPS, a protein-based liposomal drug comprising the lipid, dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS), and the protein, saposin C (SapC), has been shown to be effective for treatment of a variety of cancers in small animals, including GBM. SapC-DOPS also has the unique ability to be used as a carrier for delivery of radiotheranostic agents for nuclear imaging and radiotherapeutic purposes. These unique properties make tumor-targeting proteo-liposome nanocarriers novel therapeutic and diagnostic alternatives to traditional chemotherapeutics and imaging agents. This article reviews various treatment modalities including nanolipid-based delivery and therapeutic systems used in preclinical and clinical trial settings for GBM treatment and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kaynak
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, 3512 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (H.W.D.); (S.D.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Harold W. Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, 3512 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (H.W.D.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Subrahmanya D. Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, 3512 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (H.W.D.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Koon Y. Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA; (K.Y.P.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Brian D. Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA; (K.Y.P.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Brain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience Institute, 3512 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (A.K.); (H.W.D.); (S.D.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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4
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Chu H, Sacharidou A, Nguyen A, Li C, Chambliss KL, Salmon JE, Shen YM, Lo J, Leone GW, Herz J, Hui DY, Marciano DK, Abrahams VM, Natale BV, Montalbano AP, Xiao X, Xu L, Natale DR, Shaul PW, Mineo C. Protein Phosphatase 2A Activation Via ApoER2 in Trophoblasts Drives Preeclampsia in a Mouse Model of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Circ Res 2021; 129:735-750. [PMID: 34404233 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chu
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Pediatrics (H.C., A.S., A.N., C.L., K.L.C., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Anastasia Sacharidou
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Pediatrics (H.C., A.S., A.N., C.L., K.L.C., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - An Nguyen
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Pediatrics (H.C., A.S., A.N., C.L., K.L.C., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Chun Li
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Pediatrics (H.C., A.S., A.N., C.L., K.L.C., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Ken L Chambliss
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Pediatrics (H.C., A.S., A.N., C.L., K.L.C., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (J.E.S.)
| | - Yu-Min Shen
- Internal Medicine (Y.-M.S., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Julie Lo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (J.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- Froedtert-Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (G.W.L.)
| | - Joachim Herz
- Molecular Genetics (J.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - David Y Hui
- Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (D.Y.H.)
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Internal Medicine (Y.-M.S., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Cell Biology (D.K.M., C.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (V.M.A.)
| | - Bryony V Natale
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (B.V.N., D.R.N.).,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada (B.V.N., D.R.N.)
| | - Alina P Montalbano
- Biochemistry and Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.P.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Xue Xiao
- Population and Data Sciences and Pediatrics (X.X., L.X.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Lin Xu
- Population and Data Sciences and Pediatrics (X.X., L.X.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - David R Natale
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (B.V.N., D.R.N.).,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Ontario, Canada (B.V.N., D.R.N.)
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Pediatrics (H.C., A.S., A.N., C.L., K.L.C., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Pediatrics (H.C., A.S., A.N., C.L., K.L.C., P.W.S., C.M.).,Cell Biology (D.K.M., C.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Faqihi F, Stoodley MA, McRobb LS. The Evolution of Safe and Effective Coaguligands for Vascular Targeting and Precision Thrombosis of Solid Tumors and Vascular Malformations. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070776. [PMID: 34356840 PMCID: PMC8301394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiovascular and cerebrovascular biology, control of thrombosis and the coagulation cascade in ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and other coagulopathies is the focus of significant research around the world. Ischemic stroke remains one of the largest causes of death and disability in developed countries. Preventing thrombosis and protecting vessel patency is the primary goal. However, utilization of the body’s natural coagulation cascades as an approach for targeted destruction of abnormal, disease-associated vessels and tissues has been increasing over the last 30 years. This vascular targeting approach, often termed “vascular infarction”, describes the deliberate, targeted delivery of a thrombogenic effector to diseased blood vessels with the aim to induce localized activation of the coagulation cascade and stable thrombus formation, leading to vessel occlusion and ablation. As systemic delivery of pro-thrombotic agents may cause consternation amongst traditional stroke researchers, proponents of the approach must suitably establish both efficacy and safety to take this field forward. In this review, we describe the evolution of this field and, with a focus on thrombogenic effectors, summarize the current literature with respect to emerging trends in “coaguligand” development, in targeted tumor vessel destruction, and in expansion of the approach to the treatment of brain vascular malformations.
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6
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Upadhya A, Yadav KS, Misra A. Targeted drug therapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical significance and possible solutions-Part I. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:73-102. [PMID: 32954834 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1825377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises of 84% of all lung cancer cases. The treatment options for NSCLC at advanced stages are chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy involves conventional nonspecific chemotherapeutics, and targeted-protein/receptor-specific small molecule inhibitors. Biologically targeted therapies such as an antibody-based immunotherapy have been approved in combination with conventional therapeutics. Approved targeted chemotherapy is directed against the kinase domains of mutated cellular receptors such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinases (ALK), neurotrophic receptor kinases (NTRK) and against downstream signaling molecules such as BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1). Approved biologically targeted therapy involves the use of anti-angiogenesis antibodies and antibodies against immune checkpoints. AREAS COVERED The rationale for the employment of targeted therapeutics and the resistance that may develop to therapy are discussed. Novel targeted therapeutics in clinical trials are also included. EXPERT OPINION Molecular and histological profiling of a given tumor specimen to determine the aberrant onco-driver is a must before deciding a targeted therapeutic regimen for the patient. Periodic monitoring of the patients response to a given therapeutic regimen is also mandatory so that any semblance of resistance to therapy can be deciphered and the regimen may be accordingly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Upadhya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Targeting of externalized αB-crystallin on irradiated endothelial cells with pro-thrombotic vascular targeting agents: Potential applications for brain arteriovenous malformations. Thromb Res 2020; 189:119-127. [PMID: 32208214 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular targeting uses molecular markers on the surface of diseased vasculature for ligand-directed drug delivery to induce vessel occlusion or destruction. In the absence of discriminatory markers, such as in brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), stereotactic radiosurgery may be used to prime molecular changes on the endothelial surface. This study explored αB-crystallin (CRYAB) as a radiation induced target and pre-tested the specificity and efficacy of a CRYAB-targeting coaguligand for in vitro thrombus induction. METHODS A parallel-plate flow system was established to circulate human whole blood over a layer of human brain endothelial cells. A conjugate of anti-CRYAB antibody and thrombin was injected into the circuit to compare binding and thrombus formation on cells with or without prior radiation treatment (0-25 Gy). RESULTS Radiation increased CRYAB expression and surface exposure in human brain endothelial cells. In the parallel-plate flow system, the targeted anti-CRYAB-thrombin conjugate increased thrombus formation on the surface of irradiated cells relative to non-irradiated cells and to a non-targeting IgG-thrombin conjugate. Fibrin deposition and accumulation of fibrinogen degradation products increased significantly at radiation doses at or above 15 Gy with conjugate concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS CRYAB exposure can be detected at the surface of human brain endothelial cells in response to irradiation. Pro-thrombotic CRYAB-targeting conjugates can bind under high flow conditions and in the presence of whole blood induce stable thrombus formation with high specificity and efficacy on irradiated surfaces. CRYAB provides a novel radiation marker for potential vascular targeting in irradiated brain AVMs.
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Dayoub AS, Brekken RA. TIMs, TAMs, and PS- antibody targeting: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:29. [PMID: 32087708 PMCID: PMC7036251 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer is making impressive strides at improving survival of a subset of cancer patients. To increase the breadth of patients that benefit from immunotherapy, new strategies that combat the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors are needed. Phosphatidylserine (PS) signaling is exploited by tumors to enhance tumor immune evasion and thus strategies to inhibit PS-mediated immune suppression have potential to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. PS is a membrane lipid that flips to the outer surface of the cell membrane during apoptosis and/or cell stress. Externalized PS can drive efferocytosis or engage PS receptors (PSRs) to promote local immune suppression. In the tumor microenvironment (TME) PS-mediated immune suppression is often termed apoptotic mimicry. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting PS or PSRs have been developed and are in preclinical and clinical testing. The TIM (T-cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin) and TAM (Tyro3, AXL, and MerTK) family of receptors are PSRs that have been shown to drive PS-mediated immune suppression in tumors. This review will highlight the development of mAbs targeting PS, TIM-3 and the TAM receptors. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Dayoub
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Brand C, Greve B, Bölling T, Eich HT, Willich N, Harrach S, Hintelmann H, Lenz G, Mesters RM, Kessler T, Schliemann C, Berdel WE, Schwöppe C. Radiation synergizes with antitumor activity of CD13-targeted tissue factor in a HT1080 xenograft model of human soft tissue sarcoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229271. [PMID: 32084238 PMCID: PMC7034830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Truncated tissue factor (tTF) retargeted by NGR-peptides to aminopeptidase N (CD13) in tumor vasculature is effective in experimental tumor therapy. tTF-NGR induces tumor growth inhibition in a variety of human tumor xenografts of different histology. To improve on the therapeutic efficacy we have combined tTF-NGR with radiotherapy. METHODS Serum-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human HT1080 sarcoma cells were irradiated in vitro, and upregulated early-apoptotic phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface was measured by standard flow cytometry. Increase of cellular procoagulant function in relation to irradiation and PS cell surface concentration was measured in a tTF-NGR-dependent Factor X activation assay. In vivo experiments with CD-1 athymic mice bearing human HT1080 sarcoma xenotransplants were performed to test the systemic therapeutic effects of tTF-NGR on tumor growth alone or in combination with regional tumor ionizing radiotherapy. RESULTS As shown by flow cytometry with HUVEC and HT1080 sarcoma cells in vitro, irradiation with 4 and 6 Gy in the process of apoptosis induced upregulation of PS presence on the outer surface of both cell types. Proapoptotic HUVEC and HT1080 cells both showed significantly higher procoagulant efficacy on the basis of equimolar concentrations of tTF-NGR as measured by FX activation. This effect can be reverted by masking of PS with Annexin V. HT1080 human sarcoma xenografted tumors showed shrinkage induced by combined regional radiotherapy and systemic tTF-NGR as compared to growth inhibition achieved by either of the treatment modalities alone. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation renders tumor and tumor vascular cells procoagulant by PS upregulation on their outer surface and radiotherapy can significantly improve the therapeutic antitumor efficacy of tTF-NGR in the xenograft model used. This synergistic effect will influence design of future clinical combination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brand
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation-Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tobias Bölling
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation-Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Hans T. Eich
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation-Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Normann Willich
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation-Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saliha Harrach
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Hintelmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rolf M. Mesters
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail: (CSch); (WEB)
| | - Christian Schwöppe
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail: (CSch); (WEB)
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Ghosh Roy S. TAM receptors: A phosphatidylserine receptor family and its implications in viral infections. TAM RECEPTORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2020; 357:81-122. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Gauden AJ, McRobb LS, Lee VS, Subramanian S, Moutrie V, Zhao Z, Stoodley MA. Occlusion of Animal Model Arteriovenous Malformations Using Vascular Targeting. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:689-699. [PMID: 31802427 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a significant cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in children and young adults. Currently, one third of patients have no viable treatment options. Vascular targeting agents (VTAs) are being designed to deliver pro-thrombotic molecules to the abnormal AVM vessels for rapid occlusion and cure. This study assessed the efficacy of a pro-thrombotic VTA targeting phosphatidylserine (PS) in a radiation-primed AVM animal model. The model AVM was surgically created in rats by anastomosis of the left external jugular vein to the adjacent common carotid artery. After 6 weeks, the AVM was irradiated (20 Gy) using gamma knife surgery (GKS). A PS-targeting VTA was created by conjugation of annexin V with human thrombin and administered intravenously 3 weeks post-GKS or sham. Unconjugated thrombin was used as a non-targeting control. AVM thrombosis and occlusion was monitored 3 weeks later by angiography and histology. Preliminary experiments established a safe dose of active thrombin for systemic administration. Subsequently, a single dose of annexin V-thrombin conjugate (0.77 mg/kg) resulted in angiographic AVM occlusion in sham (75%) and irradiated (63%) animals, while non-targeted thrombin did not. Lowering the conjugate dose (0.38 mg/kg) decreased angiographic AVM occlusion in sham (13%) relative to irradiated (80%) animals (p = 0.03) as did delivery of two consecutive doses of 0.38 mg/kg, 2 days apart (sham (0%); irradiated (78%); p = 0.003). These findings demonstrate efficacy of the PS-targeting VTA and the feasibility of a vascular targeting approach for occlusion of high-flow AVMs. Targeting specificity can be enhanced by radiation-sensitization and VTA dose modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gauden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Neurosurgery Unit, Suite 201, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Lucinda S McRobb
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Neurosurgery Unit, Suite 201, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vivienne S Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Neurosurgery Unit, Suite 201, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Sinduja Subramanian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Neurosurgery Unit, Suite 201, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vaughan Moutrie
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Neurosurgery Unit, Suite 201, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Marcus A Stoodley
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Neurosurgery Unit, Suite 201, 2 Technology Place, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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12
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Hu Z, Li M, Chen Z, Zhan C, Lin Z, Wang Q. Advances in clinical trials of targeted therapy and immunotherapy of lung cancer in 2018. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:1091-1106. [PMID: 32010587 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There were many clinical studies on lung cancer in 2018. In particular, significant progress has been made in immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Whether in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown good results. For patients with specific gene mutations, the new generation inhibitors also showed good results in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the clinical trials in lung cancer in 2018 and describe the progress and prospects for lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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13
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Radiation-Stimulated Translocation of CD166 and CRYAB to the Endothelial Surface Provides Potential Vascular Targets on Irradiated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235830. [PMID: 31757032 PMCID: PMC6929092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular targeting with pro-thrombotic antibody-conjugates is a promising biological treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). However, targeted drug delivery relies on the identification of unique or overexpressed markers on the surface of a target cell. In the absence of inherent biological markers, stereotactic radiosurgery may be used to prime induction of site-specific and targetable molecular changes on the endothelial surface. To investigate lumen-accessible, endothelial targets induced by radiation, we combined Gamma knife surgery in an AVM animal model with in vivo biotin-labeling and comparative proteomics. Two proteins, αB-crystallin (CRYAB)-a small heat shock protein that normally acts as an intracellular chaperone to misfolded proteins-and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule CD166, were further validated for endothelial surface expression after irradiation. Immunostaining of endothelial cells in vitro and rat AVM tissue ex vivo confirmed de novo induction of CRYAB following irradiation (20 Gy). Western analysis demonstrated that CRYAB accumulated intracellularly as a 20 kDa monomer, but, at the cell surface, a novel 65 kDa protein was observed, suggesting radiation stimulates translocation of an atypical CRYAB isoform. In contrast, CD166 had relatively high expression in non-irradiated cells, localized predominantly to the lateral surfaces. Radiation increased CD166 surface exposure by inducing translocation from intercellular junctions to the apical surface without significantly altering total protein levels. These findings reinforce the dynamic molecular changes induced by radiation exposure, particularly at the cell surface, and support further investigation of radiation as a priming mechanism and these molecules as putative targets for focused drug delivery in irradiated tissue.
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14
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Gerber DE, Horn L, Boyer M, Sanborn R, Natale R, Palmero R, Bidoli P, Bondarenko I, Germonpre P, Ghizdavescu D, Kotsakis A, Lena H, Losonczy G, Park K, Su WC, Tang M, Lai J, Kallinteris NL, Shan JS, Reck M, Spigel DR. Randomized phase III study of docetaxel plus bavituximab in previously treated advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1548-1553. [PMID: 29767677 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bavituximab is a monoclonal antibody that targets phosphatidylserine in the presence of β2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1) to exert an antitumor immune response. This phase III trial determined the efficacy of bavituximab combined with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods Key eligibility criteria included advanced non-squamous NSCLC with disease progression after treatment with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, evidence of disease control after at least two cycles of first-line therapy, presence of measurable disease, ECOG performance status 0 or 1, adequate bone marrow and organ function, and no recent history of clinically significant bleeding. Eligible patients were randomized 1 : 1 to receive up to six 21-day cycles of docetaxel plus either weekly bavituximab 3 mg/kg or placebo until progression or toxicity. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Results A total of 597 patients were enrolled. Median OS was 10.5 months in the docetaxel + bavituximab arm and was 10.9 months in the docetaxel + placebo arm (HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.88-1.29; P = 0.533). There was no difference in progression-free survival (HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.82-1.22; P = 0.990). Toxicities were manageable and similar between arms. In subset analysis, among patients with high baseline serum β2GP1 levels ≥200 µg/ml, a nonsignificant OS trend favored the bavituximab arm (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.63-1.06; P = 0.134). Among patients who received post-study immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, OS favored the bavituximab arm (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.26-0.81; P = 0.006). Conclusions The combination of bavituximab plus docetaxel is not superior to docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC. The addition of bavituximab to docetaxel does not meaningfully increase toxicity. The potential benefit of bavituximab observed in patients with high β2GP1 levels and in patients subsequently treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors requires further investigation. Clinical trial number NCT01999673.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Gerber
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
| | - L Horn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, USA
| | - M Boyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - R Sanborn
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland; USA
| | - R Natale
- Department of Internal Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - R Palmero
- Medical Oncology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia -L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Bidoli
- Department of Oncology, ASST di Monza - Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - I Bondarenko
- State Institution Dnipropetrovsk Medical, Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Communal Institution Dnipropetrovsk City Multifield Clinical Hospital No. 4 of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - P Germonpre
- Department of Pneumology, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium
| | - D Ghizdavescu
- Department of Oncology, Ploiesti Municipal Hospital, Ploiesti, Romania
| | - A Kotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - H Lena
- Pneumology Service, Hôspital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - G Losonczy
- Pulmonology Clinic, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-C Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - M Tang
- Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, USA
| | - J Lai
- Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, USA
| | | | - J S Shan
- Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, USA
| | - M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, German Center for Lung research (DZL), Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - D R Spigel
- Lung Cancer Clinical Research Program, Sarah Canon Research Institute, Nashville, USA
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Deneka AY, Boumber Y, Beck T, Golemis EA. Tumor-Targeted Drug Conjugates as an Emerging Novel Therapeutic Approach in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1297. [PMID: 31484422 PMCID: PMC6769513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few effective therapies for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive disease representing 15% of total lung cancers. With median survival <2 years, SCLC is one of the most lethal cancers. At present, chemotherapies and radiation therapy are commonly used for SCLC management. Few protein-targeted therapies have shown efficacy in improving overall survival; immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are promising agents, but many SCLC tumors do not express ICI targets such as PD-L1. This article presents an alternative approach to the treatment of SCLC: the use of drug conjugates, where a targeting moiety concentrates otherwise toxic agents in the vicinity of tumors, maximizing the differential between tumor killing and the cytotoxicity of normal tissues. Several tumor-targeted drug conjugate delivery systems exist and are currently being actively tested in the setting of SCLC. These include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), radioimmunoconjugates (RICs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), and polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs). We summarize the basis of action for these targeting compounds, discussing principles of construction and providing examples of effective versus ineffective compounds, as established by preclinical and clinical testing. Such agents may offer new therapeutic options for the clinical management of this challenging disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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16
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Mokdad AA, Zhu H, Beg MS, Arriaga Y, Dowell JE, Singal AG, Yopp AC. Efficacy and Safety of Bavituximab in Combination with Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase II Clinical Trial. Target Oncol 2019; 14:541-550. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-019-00663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Liang Y, Besch-Williford C, Cook MT, Belenchia A, Brekken RA, Hyder SM. APR-246 alone and in combination with a phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody inhibits lung metastasis of human triple-negative breast cancer cells in nude mice. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:249-259. [PMID: 31534364 PMCID: PMC6681124 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s208706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Approximately 15–20% of all human breast cancers are classified as triple-negative because they lack estrogen and progesterone receptors and Her-2-neu, which are commonly targeted by chemotherapeutic drugs. New treatment strategies are therefore urgently needed to combat triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Almost 80% of the triple-negative tumors express mutant p53 (mtp5), a functionally defective tumor suppressor protein. Whereas wild-type p53 (wtp53) promotes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis, mtp53 fails to regulate these functions, resulting in tumor vascularization, growth, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastasis. Restoration of p53 function is therefore a promising drug-targeted strategy for suppressing TNBC metastasis. Methods APR-246 is a small-molecule drug that reactivates mtp53, thereby restoring p53 function. In this study, we sought to determine whether administration of APR-246, either alone or in combination with 2aG4, an antibody that targets phosphatidylserine residues on tumor blood vessels and disrupts tumor vasculature, effectively inhibits stem cell-like characteristics of tumor cells and migration in vitro, and metastasis of human mtp53-expressing TNBC cells to the lungs in mouse models. Results APR-246 reduced both the stem cell-like properties and migration of TNBC cells in vitro. In mouse models, administration of either APR-246 or 2aG4 reduced metastasis of TNBC cells to the lungs; a combination of the two diminished lung metastasis to the same extent as either agent alone. Combination treatment significantly reduced the incidence of lung metastasis compared either single agent alone. Conclusion Metastasis of human mtp53-expressing TNBC cells to the lungs of nude mice is inhibited by the treatment that combines activation of mtp53 with targeting of phosphatidylserine residues on tumor blood vessels. We contend therefore that our findings strongly support the use of combination treatment involving mtp53 activation and immunotherapy in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Cook
- Department of Biology, Washburn University, Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Anthony Belenchia
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Salman M Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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18
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Shin SA, Moon SY, Park D, Park JB, Lee CS. Apoptotic cell clearance in the tumor microenvironment: a potential cancer therapeutic target. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:658-671. [PMID: 31243646 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Millions of cells in the human body undergo apoptosis not only under normal physiological conditions but also under pathological conditions such as infection or other diseases related to acute tissue injury. Swift apoptotic cell clearance is essential for tissue homeostasis. Defective clearance of dead cells is linked to pathogenesis of diseases such as inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, neurological disease, and cancer. Significance of apoptotic cell clearance has been emerging as an interesting field for disease treatment. Efficient apoptotic cell clearance plays an important role in reducing inflammation through the suppression of inappropriate inflammatory responses under healthy and diseased conditions. However, apoptotic cell clearance related to cancer pathogenesis is more complex in tumor microenvironments. Chronic inflammation resulting from the failure of apoptotic cell clearance can contribute to tumor progression. Conversely, tumor cells can exploit the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic cell clearance to generate an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, focus is on the current understanding of apoptotic cell clearance in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss how signaling molecules (PtdSer and PtdSer recognition receptor) mediating apoptotic cell clearance are aberrantly expressed in the tumor microenvironment and their current development state as potential therapeutic targets for clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ah Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- School of Life Sciences and Aging Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea.,Department of System Cancer Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Functional link between plasma membrane spatiotemporal dynamics, cancer biology, and dietary membrane-altering agents. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:519-544. [PMID: 29860560 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell plasma membrane serves as a nexus integrating extra- and intracellular components, which together enable many of the fundamental cellular signaling processes that sustain life. In order to perform this key function, plasma membrane components assemble into well-defined domains exhibiting distinct biochemical and biophysical properties that modulate various signaling events. Dysregulation of these highly dynamic membrane domains can promote oncogenic signaling. Recently, it has been demonstrated that select membrane-targeted dietary bioactives (MTDBs) have the ability to remodel plasma membrane domains and subsequently reduce cancer risk. In this review, we focus on the importance of plasma membrane domain structural and signaling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can drive aberrant signaling. Additionally, we discuss the intricacies associated with the investigation of these membrane domain features and their associations with cancer biology. Lastly, we describe the current literature focusing on MTDBs, including mechanisms of chemoprevention and therapeutics in order to establish a functional link between these membrane-altering biomolecules, tuning of plasma membrane hierarchal organization, and their implications in cancer prevention.
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20
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Davis HW, Vallabhapurapu SD, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SL, Franco RS, Mierzwa M, Kassing W, Barrett WL, Qi X. Enhanced phosphatidylserine-selective cancer therapy with irradiation and SapC-DOPS nanovesicles. Oncotarget 2019; 10:856-868. [PMID: 30783515 PMCID: PMC6368238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal living cells exhibit phosphatidylserine (PS) primarily within the intracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane. In contrast, viable cancer cells have high levels of PS on the external surface, and exhibit a broad range of surface PS, even within specific types of cancer. Agents that target surface PS have recently been developed to treat tumors and are expected to be more effective with higher surface PS levels. In this context, we examined whether surface PS is increased with irradiation. In vitro irradiation of cancer cell lines selected surviving cells that had higher surface PS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This was more pronounced if surface PS was initially in the lower range for cancer cells. Radiation also increased the surface PS of tumor cells in subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. We found an inverse relationship between steady state surface PS level of cancer cell lines and their sensitivity to radiation-induced cell death. In addition, serial irradiation, which selected surviving cells with higher surface PS, also increased resistance to radiation and to some chemotherapeutic drugs, suggesting a PS-dependent mechanism for development of resistance to therapy. On the other hand, fractionated radiation enhanced the effect of a novel anti-cancer, PS-targeting drug, SapC-DOPS, in some cancer cell lines. Our data suggest that we can group cancer cells into cells with low surface PS, which are sensitive to radiation, and high surface PS, which are sensitive to SapC-DOPS. Combination of these interventions may provide a potential new combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Swarajya L Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William Kassing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William L Barrett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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21
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Subramanian S, Ugoya SO, Zhao Z, McRobb LS, Grau GE, Combes V, Inglis DW, Gauden AJ, Lee VS, Moutrie V, Santos ED, Stoodley MA. Stable thrombus formation on irradiated microvascular endothelial cells under pulsatile flow: Pre-testing annexin V-thrombin conjugate for treatment of brain arteriovenous malformations. Thromb Res 2018; 167:104-112. [PMID: 29803980 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal is to develop a vascular targeting treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Externalized phosphatidylserine has been established as a potential biomarker on the endothelium of irradiated AVM blood vessels. We hypothesize that phosphatidylserine could be selectively targeted after AVM radiosurgery with a ligand-directed vascular targeting agent to achieve localized thrombosis and rapid occlusion of pathological AVM vessels. OBJECTIVE The study aim was to establish an in vitro parallel-plate flow chamber to test the efficacy of a pro-thrombotic conjugate targeting phosphatidylserine. METHODS Conjugate was prepared by Lys-Lys cross-linking of thrombin with the phosphatidylserine-targeting ligand, annexin V. Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were irradiated (5, 15, and 25 Gy) and after 1 or 3 days assembled in a parallel-plate flow chamber containing whole human blood and conjugate (1.25 or 2.5 μg/mL). Confocal microscopy was used to assess thrombus formation after flow via binding and aggregation of fluorescently-labelled platelets and fibrinogen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The annexin V-thrombin conjugate induced rapid thrombosis (fibrin deposition) on irradiated endothelial cells under shear stress in the parallel-plate flow device. Unconjugated, non-targeting thrombin did not induce fibrin deposition. A synergistic interaction between radiation and conjugate dose was observed. Thrombosis was greatest at the highest combined doses of radiation (25 Gy) and conjugate (2.5 μg/mL). The parallel-plate flow system provides a rapid method to pre-test pro-thrombotic vascular targeting agents. These findings validate the translation of the annexin V-thrombin conjugate to pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Subramanian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - S O Ugoya
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Z Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - L S McRobb
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - G E Grau
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
| | - V Combes
- University of Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - D W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - A J Gauden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - V S Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - V Moutrie
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - E D Santos
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - M A Stoodley
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
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22
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Wang L, Habib AA, Mintz A, Li KC, Zhao D. Phosphatidylserine-Targeted Nanotheranostics for Brain Tumor Imaging and Therapeutic Potential. Mol Imaging 2018; 16:1536012117708722. [PMID: 28654387 PMCID: PMC5470144 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117708722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS), the most abundant anionic phospholipid in cell membrane, is strictly confined to the inner leaflet in normal cells. However, this PS asymmetry is found disruptive in many tumor vascular endothelial cells. We discuss the underlying mechanisms for PS asymmetry maintenance in normal cells and its loss in tumor cells. The specificity of PS exposure in tumor vasculature but not normal blood vessels may establish it a useful biomarker for cancer molecular imaging. Indeed, utilizing PS-targeting antibodies, multiple imaging probes have been developed and multimodal imaging data have shown their high tumor-selective targeting in various cancers. There is a critical need for improved diagnosis and therapy for brain tumors. We have recently established PS-targeted nanoplatforms, aiming to enhance delivery of imaging contrast agents across the blood-brain barrier to facilitate imaging of brain tumors. Advantages of using the nanodelivery system, in particular, lipid-based nanocarriers, are discussed here. We also describe our recent research interest in developing PS-targeted nanotheranostics for potential image-guided drug delivery to treat brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amyn A Habib
- 2 Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,3 North Texas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- 4 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,5 Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - King C Li
- 4 Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,6 Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,3 North Texas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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23
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Liang Y, Mafuvadze B, Besch-Williford C, Hyder SM. A combination of p53-activating APR-246 and phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody potently inhibits tumor development in hormone-dependent mutant p53-expressing breast cancer xenografts. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2018; 10:53-67. [PMID: 29606888 PMCID: PMC5868596 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s156285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Between 30 and 40% of human breast cancers express a defective tumor suppressor p53 gene. Wild-type p53 tumor suppressor protein promotes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis, whereas mutant p53 protein (mtp53) lacks these functions, resulting in tumor cell survival and metastasis. Restoration of p53 function is therefore a promising drug-targeted strategy for combating mtp53-expressing breast cancer. Methods In this study, we sought to determine whether administration of APR-246, a small-molecule drug that restores p53 function, in combination with 2aG4, an antibody that targets phosphatidylserine residues on tumor blood vessels and disrupts tumor vasculature, effectively inhibits advanced hormone-dependent breast cancer tumor growth. Results APR-246 reduced cell viability in mtp53-expressing BT-474 and T47-D human breast cancer cells in vitro, and significantly induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, APR-246 did not reduce cell viability in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which express wild-type p53. We next examined APR-246's anti-tumor effects in vivo using BT-474 and T47-D tumor xenografts established in female nude mice. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with APR-246 and/or 2aG4 and tumor volume followed over time. Tumor growth was more effectively suppressed by combination treatment than by either agent alone, and combination therapy completely eradicated some tumors. Immunohistochemistry analysis of tumor tissue sections demonstrated that combination therapy more effectively induced apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation in tumor xenografts than either agent alone. Importantly, combination therapy dramatically reduced the density of blood vessels, which serve as the major route for tumor metastasis, in tumor xenografts compared with either agent alone. Conclusion Based on our findings, we contend that breast tumor growth might effectively be controlled by simultaneous targeting of mtp53 protein and tumor blood vessels in mtp53-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Liang
- Deparment of Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Benford Mafuvadze
- Deparment of Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Salman M Hyder
- Deparment of Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA
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Grilley-Olson JE, Weiss J, Ivanova A, Villaruz LC, Moore DT, Stinchcombe TE, Lee C, Shan JS, Socinski MA. Phase Ib Study of Bavituximab With Carboplatin and Pemetrexed in Chemotherapy-Naive Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 19:e481-e487. [PMID: 29631965 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bavituximab is an immunomodulatory chimeric monoclonal antibody that inhibits phosphatidylserine signaling, which promotes innate and adaptive immune responses. In this phase Ib trial we evaluated the safety, tolerability, and preliminary antitumor activity of pemetrexed, carboplatin, bavituximab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC and performance status 0 or 1 were treated with pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve 6 once every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, with concurrent bavituximab (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg) intravenously weekly, using a standard 3+3 design. At the maximum identified dose, additional patients were enrolled to further characterize the safety profile. The primary objective was to characterize the safety, determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and establish the recommended phase II dose of bavituximab in combination with pemetrexed and carboplatin in incurable stage IV nonsquamous NSCLC. RESULTS Between March 29, 2011 and December 30, 2013, 26 patients were enrolled. Three patients each were enrolled into dose escalation cohorts of bavituximab (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg). Therapy was well tolerated with no DLTs, and toxicities were consistent with those expected from pemetrexed/carboplatin. Overall response was 28%, with a median progression-free and overall survival of 4.8 months and 12.2 months, respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of pemetrexed, carboplatin, bavituximab is well tolerated. However, with toxicities and preliminary efficacy signal similar to pemetrexed/carboplatin alone, further studies of bavituximab should focus on ways to enhance its immunomodulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneko E Grilley-Olson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Jared Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Dominic T Moore
- Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Thomas E Stinchcombe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carrie Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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25
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Rybczynska AA, Boersma HH, de Jong S, Gietema JA, Noordzij W, Dierckx RAJO, Elsinga PH, van Waarde A. Avenues to molecular imaging of dying cells: Focus on cancer. Med Res Rev 2018. [PMID: 29528513 PMCID: PMC6220832 DOI: 10.1002/med.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Successful treatment of cancer patients requires balancing of the dose, timing, and type of therapeutic regimen. Detection of increased cell death may serve as a predictor of the eventual therapeutic success. Imaging of cell death may thus lead to early identification of treatment responders and nonresponders, and to “patient‐tailored therapy.” Cell death in organs and tissues of the human body can be visualized, using positron emission tomography or single‐photon emission computed tomography, although unsolved problems remain concerning target selection, tracer pharmacokinetics, target‐to‐nontarget ratio, and spatial and temporal resolution of the scans. Phosphatidylserine exposure by dying cells has been the most extensively studied imaging target. However, visualization of this process with radiolabeled Annexin A5 has not become routine in the clinical setting. Classification of death modes is no longer based only on cell morphology but also on biochemistry, and apoptosis is no longer found to be the preponderant mechanism of cell death after antitumor therapy, as was earlier believed. These conceptual changes have affected radiochemical efforts. Novel probes targeting changes in membrane permeability, cytoplasmic pH, mitochondrial membrane potential, or caspase activation have recently been explored. In this review, we discuss molecular changes in tumors which can be targeted to visualize cell death and we propose promising biomarkers for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Rybczynska
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Noordzij
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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26
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Antiphospholipid antibodies induce thrombosis by PP2A activation via apoER2-Dab2-SHC1 complex formation in endothelium. Blood 2018; 131:2097-2110. [PMID: 29500169 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-814681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) recognition of β2 glycoprotein I promotes thrombosis, and preclinical studies indicate that this is due to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) antagonism via apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2)-dependent processes. How apoER2 molecularly links these events is unknown. Here, we show that, in endothelial cells, the apoER2 cytoplasmic tail serves as a scaffold for aPL-induced assembly and activation of the heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Disabled-2 (Dab2) recruitment to the apoER2 NPXY motif promotes the activating L309 methylation of the PP2A catalytic subunit by leucine methyl transferase-1. Concurrently, Src homology domain-containing transforming protein 1 (SHC1) recruits the PP2A scaffolding subunit to the proline-rich apoER2 C terminus along with 2 distinct regulatory PP2A subunits that mediate inhibitory dephosphorylation of Akt and eNOS. In mice, the coupling of these processes in endothelium is demonstrated to underlie aPL-invoked thrombosis. By elucidating these intricacies in the pathogenesis of APS-related thrombosis, numerous potential new therapeutic targets have been identified.
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27
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Stucke-Ring J, Ronnacker J, Brand C, Höltke C, Schliemann C, Kessler T, Schmidt LH, Harrach S, Mantke V, Hintelmann H, Hartmann W, Wardelmann E, Lenz G, Wünsch B, Müller-Tidow C, Mesters RM, Schwöppe C, Berdel WE. Combinatorial effects of doxorubicin and retargeted tissue factor by intratumoral entrapment of doxorubicin and proapoptotic increase of tumor vascular infarction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82458-82472. [PMID: 27738341 PMCID: PMC5347705 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Truncated tissue factor (tTF), retargeted to tumor vasculature by GNGRAHA peptide (tTF-NGR), and doxorubicin have therapeutic activity against a variety of tumors. We report on combination experiments of both drugs using different schedules. We have tested fluorescence- and HPLC-based intratumoral pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin, flow cytometry for cellular phosphatidylserine (PS) expression, and tumor xenograft studies for showing in vivo apoptosis, proliferation decrease, and tumor shrinkage upon combination therapy with doxorubicin and induced tumor vascular infarction. tTF-NGR given before doxorubicin inhibits the uptake of the drug into human fibrosarcoma xenografts in vivo. Reverse sequence does not influence the uptake of doxorubicin into tumor, but significantly inhibits the late wash-out phase, thus entrapping doxorubicin in tumor tissue by vascular occlusion. Incubation of endothelial and tumor cells with doxorubicin in vitro increases PS concentrations in the outer layer of the cell membrane as a sign of early apoptosis. Cells expressing increased PS concentrations show comparatively higher procoagulatory efficacy on the basis of equimolar tTF-NGR present in the Factor X assay. Experiments using human M21 melanoma and HT1080 fibrosarcoma xenografts in athymic nude mice indeed show a combinatorial tumor growth inhibition applying doxorubicin and tTF-NGR in sequence over single drug treatment. Combination of cytotoxic drugs such as doxorubicin with tTF-NGR-induced tumor vessel infarction can improve pharmacodynamics of the drugs by new mechanisms, entrapping a cytotoxic molecule inside tumor tissue and reciprocally improving procoagulatory activity of tTF-NGR in the tumor vasculature via apoptosis induction in tumor endothelial and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Stucke-Ring
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julian Ronnacker
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Caroline Brand
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Höltke
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars Henning Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saliha Harrach
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Verena Mantke
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Hintelmann
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Westfalian Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Rolf M Mesters
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Schwöppe
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Belzile O, Huang X, Gong J, Carlson J, Schroit AJ, Brekken RA, Freimark BD. Antibody targeting of phosphatidylserine for the detection and immunotherapy of cancer. Immunotargets Ther 2018; 7:1-14. [PMID: 29417044 PMCID: PMC5788995 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s134834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid in all eukaryotic cells that is actively sequestered to the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. Exposure of PS on apoptotic cells is a normal physiological process that triggers their rapid removal by phagocytic engulfment under noninflammatory conditions via receptors primarily expressed on immune cells. PS is aberrantly exposed in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to the overall immunosuppressive signals that antagonize the development of local and systemic antitumor immune responses. PS-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is further exacerbated by chemotherapy and radiation treatments that result in increased levels of PS on dying cells and necrotic tissue. Antibodies targeting PS localize to tumors and block PS-mediated immunosuppression. Targeting exposed PS in the tumor microenvironment may be a novel approach to enhance immune responses to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Belzile
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xianming Huang
- Department of Preclinical Research.,Department of Antibody Discovery, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Preclinical Research.,Department of Antibody Discovery, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
| | - Jay Carlson
- Department of Preclinical Research.,Department of Antibody Discovery, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
| | - Alan J Schroit
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Bruce D Freimark
- Department of Preclinical Research.,Department of Antibody Discovery, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
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29
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Desai TJ, Toombs JE, Minna JD, Brekken RA, Udugamasooriya DG. Identification of lipid-phosphatidylserine (PS) as the target of unbiasedly selected cancer specific peptide-peptoid hybrid PPS1. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30678-90. [PMID: 27120792 PMCID: PMC5058709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid maintained on the inner-leaflet of the cell membrane and is externalized in malignant cells. We previously launched a careful unbiased selection targeting biomolecules (e.g. protein, lipid or carbohydrate) distinct to cancer cells by exploiting HCC4017 lung cancer and HBEC30KT normal epithelial cells derived from the same patient, identifying HCC4017 specific peptide-peptoid hybrid PPS1. In this current study, we identified PS as the target of PPS1. We validated direct PPS1 binding to PS using ELISA-like assays, lipid dot blot and liposome based binding assays. In addition, PPS1 recognized other negatively charged and cancer specific lipids such as phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. PPS1 did not bind to neutral lipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine found in cancer and phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin found in normal cells. Further we found that the dimeric version of PPS1 (PPS1D1) displayed strong cytotoxicity towards lung cancer cell lines that externalize PS, but not normal cells. PPS1D1 showed potent single agent anti-tumor activity and enhanced the efficacy of docetaxel in mice bearing H460 lung cancer xenografts. Since PS and anionic phospholipid externalization is common across many cancer types, PPS1 may be an alternative to overcome limitations of protein targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi J Desai
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jason E Toombs
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Damith Gomika Udugamasooriya
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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A Phase I Clinical Trial of the Phosphatidylserine-targeting Antibody Bavituximab in Combination With Radiation Therapy and Capecitabine in the Preoperative Treatment of Rectal Adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 41:972-976. [PMID: 28763330 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is interest in improving the tumoricidal effects of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal carcinoma by studying new radiosensitizers. The safety and toxicity profile of these combination regimens needs rigorous clinical evaluation. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of combining bavituximab, an antibody that targets exposed phosphatidylserine, with capecitabine and radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled on a phase I study combining radiation therapy, capecitabine, and bavituximab. A standard 3+3 trial designed was used. RESULTS In general, bavituximab was safe and well tolerated in combination with radiation therapy and capecitabine in the treatment of rectal adenocarcinoma. One patient at the highest dose level experienced a grade III infusion reaction related to the bavituximab. One tumor demonstrated a complete pathologic response to the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS Bavituximab is safe in combination with capecitabine and radiation therapy at the doses selected for the study. Further clinical investigation would be necessary to better define the efficacy of this combination.
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Raoufi Rad N, McRobb LS, Zhao Z, Lee VS, Patel NJ, Qureshi AS, Grace M, McHattan JJ, Amal Raj JV, Duong H, Kashba SR, Stoodley MA. Phosphatidylserine Translocation after Radiosurgery in an Animal Model of Arteriovenous Malformation. Radiat Res 2017; 187:701-707. [PMID: 28414573 DOI: 10.1667/rr14646.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is asymmetrically distributed across the plasma membrane, located predominantly on the inner leaflet in healthy cells. Translocation of PS to the outer leaflet makes it available as a target for biological therapies. We examined PS translocation after radiosurgery in an animal model of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM). An arteriovenous fistula was created by end-to-side anastomosis of the left external jugular vein to the common carotid artery in 6-week-old, male Sprague Dawley rats. Six weeks after AVM creation, 15 rats underwent Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery receiving a single 15 Gy dose to the margin of the fistula; 15 rats received sham treatment. Externalization of PS was examined by intravenous injection of a PS-specific near-infrared probe, PSVue-794, and in vivo fluorescence optical imaging at 1, 7, 21, 42, 63 and 84 days postirradiation. Fluorescent signaling indicative of PS translocation to the luminal cell surface accumulated in the AVM region, in both irradiated and nonirradiated animals, at all time points. Fluorescence was localized specifically to the AVM region and was not present in any other anatomical sites. Translocated PS increased over time in irradiated rats (P < 0.001) but not in sham-irradiated rats and this difference reached statistical significance at day 84 (P < 0.05). In summary, vessels within the mature rat AVM demonstrate elevated PS externalization compared to normal vessels. A single dose of ionizing radiation can increase PS externalization in a time-dependent manner. Strict localization of PS externalization within the AVM region suggests that stereotactic radiosurgery can serve as an effective priming agent and PS may be a suitable candidate for vascular-targeting approaches to AVM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newsha Raoufi Rad
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucinda S McRobb
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivienne S Lee
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nirav J Patel
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anas Sarwar Qureshi
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Grace
- b Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jude V Amal Raj
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hong Duong
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saleh R Kashba
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia.,d Department of Neurosurgery, Misurata Cancer Institute, Misurata University, Misurata, Libya
| | - Marcus A Stoodley
- a Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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Laforest R, Dehdashti F, Liu Y, Frye J, Frye S, Luehmann H, Sultan D, Shan JS, Freimark BD, Siegel BA. First-in-Man Evaluation of 124I-PGN650: A PET Tracer for Detecting Phosphatidylserine as a Biomarker of the Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Imaging 2017; 16:1536012117733349. [PMID: 29037107 PMCID: PMC5648081 DOI: 10.1177/1536012117733349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PGN650 is a F(ab')2 antibody fragment that targets phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker normally absent that becomes exposed on tumor cells and tumor vasculature in response to oxidative stress and increases in response to therapy. PGN650 was labeled with 124I to create a positron emission tomography (PET) agent as an in vivo biomarker for tumor microenvironment and response to therapy. In this phase 0 study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, radiation dosimetry, and tumor targeting of this tracer in a cohort of patients with cancer. METHODS Eleven patients with known solid tumors received approximately 140 MBq (3.8 mCi) 124I-PGN650 intravenously and underwent positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) approximately 1 hour, 3 hours, and either 24 hours or 48 hours later to establish tracer kinetics for the purpose of calculating radiation dosimetry (from integration of the organ time-activity curves and OLINDA/EXM using the adult male and female models). RESULTS Known tumor foci demonstrated mildly increased uptake, with the highest activity at the latest imaging time. There were no unexpected adverse events. The liver was the organ receiving the highest radiation dose (0.77 mGy/MBq); the effective dose was 0.41 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSION Although 124I-PGN650 is safe for human PET imaging, the tumor targeting with this agent in patients was less than previously observed in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Laforest
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Frye
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Frye
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Barry A. Siegel
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Mineo C, Lanier L, Jung E, Sengupta S, Ulrich V, Sacharidou A, Tarango C, Osunbunmi O, Shen YM, Salmon JE, Brekken RA, Huang X, Thorpe PE, Shaul PW. Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody That Attenuates Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Related Pregnancy Complications and Thrombosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158757. [PMID: 27463336 PMCID: PMC4963039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), patients produce antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that promote thrombosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current therapy with anticoagulation is only partially effective and associated with multiple complications. We previously discovered that aPL recognition of cell surface β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI) initiates apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2)-dependent signaling in endothelial cells and in placental trophoblasts that ultimately promotes thrombosis and fetal loss, respectively. Here we sought to identify a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to β2-GPI that negates aPL-induced processes in cell culture and APS disease endpoints in mice. In a screen measuring endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity in cultured endothelial cells, we found that whereas aPL inhibit eNOS, the mAb 1N11 does not, and instead 1N11 prevents aPL action. Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that 1N11 decreases pathogenic antibody binding to β2-GPI, and it blocks aPL-induced complex formation between β2-GPI and apoER2. 1N11 also prevents aPL antagonism of endothelial cell migration, and in mice it reverses the impairment in reendothelialization caused by aPL, which underlies the non-thrombotic vascular occlusion provoked by disease-causing antibodies. In addition, aPL inhibition of trophoblast proliferation and migration is negated by 1N11, and the more than 6-fold increase in fetal resorption caused by aPL in pregnant mice is prevented by 1N11. Furthermore, the promotion of thrombosis by aPL is negated by 1N11. Thus, 1N11 has been identified as an mAb that attenuates APS-related pregnancy complications and thrombosis in mice. 1N11 may provide an efficacious, mechanism-based therapy to combat the often devastating conditions suffered by APS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CM); (PWS)
| | - Lane Lanier
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eunjeong Jung
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samarpita Sengupta
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Victoria Ulrich
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Sacharidou
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristina Tarango
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olutoye Osunbunmi
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yu-Min Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jane E. Salmon
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rolf A. Brekken
- Department of Pharmacology and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xianming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip E. Thorpe
- Department of Pharmacology and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CM); (PWS)
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Identification of the minimum pharmacophore of lipid-phosphatidylserine (PS) binding peptide-peptoid hybrid PPS1D1. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4470-4477. [PMID: 27485601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a unique peptide-peptoid hybrid, PPS1 that specifically recognizes lipid-phosphatidylserine (PS) and a few other negatively charged phospholipids, but not neutral phospholipids, on the cell membrane. The dimeric version of PPS1, i.e., PPS1D1 triggers strong cancer cell cytotoxicity and has been validated in lung cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. Given that PS and other negatively charged phospholipids are abundant in almost all tumor microenvironments, PPS1D1 is an attractive drug lead that can be developed into a globally applicable anti-cancer agent. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify the minimum pharmacophore of PPS1D1. In this study, we have synthesized alanine/sarcosine derivatives as well as truncated derivatives of PPS1D1. We performed ELISA-like competitive binding assay to evaluate the PS-recognition potential and standard MTS cell viability assay on HCC4017 lung cancer cells to validate the cell cytotoxicity effects of these derivatives. Our studies indicate that positively charged residues at the second and third positions, as well as four hydrophobic residues at the fifth through eighth positions, are imperative for the binding and activity of PPS1D1. Methionine at the first position was not essential, whereas the positively charged Nlys at the fourth position was minimally needed, as two derivatives that were synthesized replacing this residue were almost as active as PPS1D1.
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Gray MJ, Gong J, Hatch MMS, Nguyen V, Hughes CCW, Hutchins JT, Freimark BD. Phosphatidylserine-targeting antibodies augment the anti-tumorigenic activity of anti-PD-1 therapy by enhancing immune activation and downregulating pro-oncogenic factors induced by T-cell checkpoint inhibition in murine triple-negative breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:50. [PMID: 27169467 PMCID: PMC4864933 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of antibody-directed immunotherapy targeting the aminophospholipid phosphatidylserine, which promotes immunosuppression when exposed in the tumor microenvironment, alone and in combination with antibody treatment towards the T-cell checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 in breast carcinomas, including triple-negative breast cancers. Methods Immune-competent mice bearing syngeneic EMT-6 or E0771 tumors were subjected to treatments comprising of a phosphatidylserine-targeting and an anti-PD-1 antibody either as single or combinational treatments. Anti-tumor effects were determined by tumor growth inhibition and changes in overall survival accompanying each treatment. The generation of a tumor-specific immune response in animals undergoing complete tumor regression was assessed by secondary tumor cell challenge and splenocyte-produced IFNγ in the presence or absence of irradiated tumor cells. Changes in the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry, while mRNA-based immune profiling was determined using NanoString PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel analysis. Results Treatment by a phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody inhibits in-vivo growth and significantly enhances the anti-tumor activity of antibody-mediated PD-1 therapy, including providing a distinct survival advantage over treatment by either single agent. Animals in which complete tumor regression occurred with combination treatments were resistant to secondary tumor challenge and presented heightened expression levels of splenocyte-produced IFNγ. Combinational treatment by a phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody with anti-PD-1 therapy increased the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes more than that observed with single-arm therapies. Finally, immunoprofiling analysis revealed that the combination of anti-phosphatidylserine targeting antibody and anti-PD-1 therapy enhanced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and increased expression of pro-immunosurveillance-associated cytokines while significantly decreasing expression of pro-tumorigenic cytokines that were induced by single anti-PD-1 therapy. Conclusions Our data suggest that antibody therapy targeting phosphatidylserine-associated immunosuppression, which has activity as a single agent, can significantly enhance immunotherapies targeting the PD-1 pathway in murine breast neoplasms, including triple-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gray
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA.
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
| | - Michaela M S Hatch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Van Nguyen
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeff T Hutchins
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Freimark
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA
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Zhang YN, Duan XG, Zhang WH, Wu AL, Yang HH, Wu DM, Wei YQ, Chen XC. Antitumor activity of pluripotent cell-engineered vaccines and their potential to treat lung cancer in relation to different levels of irradiation. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1425-36. [PMID: 27042111 PMCID: PMC4795574 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s97587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical for tumor initiation/maintenance and recurrence or metastasis, so they may serve as a potential therapeutic target. However, CSC-established multitherapy resistance and immune tolerance render tumors resistant to current tumor-targeted strategies. To address this, renewable multiepitope-integrated spheroids based on placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) were X-ray-modified, at four different irradiation levels, including 80, 160, 240, and 320 Gy, as pluripotent biologics, to inoculate hosts bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) and compared with X-ray-modified common LL2 cells as control. We show that the vaccines at the 160/240 Gy irradiation levels could rapidly trigger tumor cells into the apoptosis loop and evidently prolong the tumor-bearing host's survival cycle, in contrast to vaccines irradiated at other levels (P<0.05), with tumor-sustaining stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 pathway being selectively blockaded. Meanwhile, almost no or minimal toxicity was detected in the vaccinated hosts. Importantly, 160/240 Gy-irradiated vaccines could provoke significantly higher killing of CSCs and non-CSCs, which may provide an access to developing a novel biotherapy against lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Gang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Freimark BD, Gong J, Ye D, Gray MJ, Nguyen V, Yin S, Hatch MMS, Hughes CCW, Schroit AJ, Hutchins JT, Brekken RA, Huang X. Antibody-Mediated Phosphatidylserine Blockade Enhances the Antitumor Responses to CTLA-4 and PD-1 Antibodies in Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:531-40. [PMID: 27045021 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In tumor-bearing animals, the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) suppresses immune responses, suggesting that PS signaling could counteract the antitumor effect of antibody-driven immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we show that treating melanoma-bearing mice with a PS-targeting antibody enhances the antitumor activity of downstream checkpoint inhibition. Combining PS-targeting antibodies with CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade resulted in significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth than did single-agent therapy. Moreover, combination therapy enhanced CD4(+) and CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte numbers; elevated the fraction of cells expressing the proinflammatory cytokines IL2, IFNγ, and TNFα; and increased the ratio of CD8 T cells to myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in tumors. Similar changes in immune cell profiles were observed in splenocytes. Taken together, these data show that antibody-mediated PS blockade enhances the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(6); 531-40. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Freimark
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, California
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, California
| | - Dan Ye
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael J Gray
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, California
| | - Van Nguyen
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, California
| | - Shen Yin
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, California
| | - Michaela M S Hatch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Alan J Schroit
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeff T Hutchins
- Department of Preclinical Research, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, California
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xianming Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Li T, Aredo B, Zhang K, Zhong X, Pulido JS, Wang S, He YG, Huang X, Brekken RA, Ufret-Vincenty RL. Phosphatidylserine (PS) Is Exposed in Choroidal Neovascular Endothelium: PS-Targeting Antibodies Inhibit Choroidal Angiogenesis In Vivo and Ex Vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:7137-45. [PMID: 26529048 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) accounts for 90% of cases of severe vision loss in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration. Identifying new therapeutic targets for CNV may lead to novel combination therapies to improve outcomes and reduce treatment burden. Our goal was to test whether phosphatidylserine (PS) becomes exposed in the outer membrane of choroidal neovascular endothelium, and whether this could provide a new therapeutic target for CNV. METHODS Choroidal neovascularization was induced in C57BL/6J mice using laser photocoagulation. Choroidal neovascularization lesions costained for exposed PS and for intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (or isolectin B4) were imaged in flat mounts and in cross sections. The laser CNV model and a choroidal sprouting assay were used to test the effect of PS-targeting antibodies on choroidal angiogenesis. Choroidal neovascularization lesion size was determined by intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2) staining of flat mounts. RESULTS We found that PS was exposed in CNV lesions and colocalized with vascular endothelial staining. Treatment with PS-targeting antibodies led to a 40% to 80% reduction in CNV lesion area when compared to treatment with a control antibody. The effect was the same as that seen using an equal dose of an anti-VEGF antibody. Results were confirmed using the choroid sprouting assay, an ex vivo model of choroidal angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that PS is exposed in choroidal neovascular endothelium. Furthermore, targeting this exposed PS with antibodies may be of therapeutic value in CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of Chi
| | - Bogale Aredo
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Kaiyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States 3Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and Ophthalmology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Yu-Guang He
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Xianming Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Department of Pharmacology and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States 7Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United
| | - Rafael L Ufret-Vincenty
- Department of Ophthalmology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Docetaxel Combined With Bavituximab in Previously Treated, Advanced Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:169-76. [PMID: 27265742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bavituximab is a phosphatidylserine-targeting antibody with a selective tumor, vascular-directed immune response. In this phase II trial the efficacy and safety of bavituximab combined with docetaxel for previously treated, advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer were evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) every 21 days for up to 6 cycles combined with weekly, blinded infusions of placebo, bavituximab 1 mg/kg, or bavituximab 3 mg/kg until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR), with a predefined end point of 26% in the bavituximab arms. After study unblinding, vial-coding discrepancies were discovered in the placebo and bavituximab 1 mg/kg groups. In exploratory analyses, data from these groups were pooled to form the control group and compared with the 3 mg/kg group. RESULTS Efficacy end points in the bavituximab 3 mg/kg group (n = 41) and in the placebo/bavituximab 1 mg/kg group (n = 80), respectively, were as follows: ORR, 17.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6%-28.6%) and ORR, 11.3% (95% CI, 4.3%-18.2%); median progression-free survival 4.5 and 3.3 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.45-1.21]; P = .24); median overall survival 11.7 and 7.3 months (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.40-1.10]; P = .11). Toxicities were manageable and similar between arms. CONCLUSION The combination of bavituximab and docetaxel is well tolerated. Although no firm efficacy conclusions can be drawn and the trial did not meet the predefined primary end point, exploratory analyses suggest trends favoring the combination of bavituximab 3 mg/kg with docetaxel. This regimen is being evaluated in the ongoing, global, phase III SUNRISE trial.
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The phospholipid code: a key component of dying cell recognition, tumor progression and host-microbe interactions. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1893-905. [PMID: 26450453 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant effort is made by the cell to maintain certain phospholipids at specific sites. It is well described that proteins involved in intracellular signaling can be targeted to the plasma membrane and organelles through phospholipid-binding domains. Thus, the accumulation of a specific combination of phospholipids, denoted here as the 'phospholipid code', is key in initiating cellular processes. Interestingly, a variety of extracellular proteins and pathogen-derived proteins can also recognize or modify phospholipids to facilitate the recognition of dying cells, tumorigenesis and host-microbe interactions. In this article, we discuss the importance of the phospholipid code in a range of physiological and pathological processes.
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Imaging and Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer with Phosphatidylserine-Targeted Nanovesicles. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:196-203. [PMID: 26055177 PMCID: PMC4486738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most intractable cancers, with a dismal prognosis reflected by a 5-year survival of ~6%. Since early disease symptoms are undefined and specific biomarkers are lacking, about 80% of patients present with advanced, inoperable tumors that represent a daunting challenge. Despite many clinical trials, no single chemotherapy agent has been reliably associated with objective response rates above 10% or median survival longer than 5 to 7 months. Although combination chemotherapy regimens have in recent years provided some improvement, overall survival (8-11 months) remains very poor. There is therefore a critical need for novel therapies that can improve outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients. Here, we present a summary of the current therapies used in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer and review novel therapeutic strategies that target tumor biomarkers. We also describe our recent research using phosphatidylserine-targeted saposin C-coupled dioleoylphosphatidylserine nanovesicles for imaging and therapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Chalasani P, Marron M, Roe D, Clarke K, Iannone M, Livingston RB, Shan JS, Stopeck AT. A phase I clinical trial of bavituximab and paclitaxel in patients with HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1051-9. [PMID: 25826750 PMCID: PMC4529343 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bavituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets phosphatidylserine (PS). PS is externalized on cells in the tumor microenvironment when exposed to hypoxia and/or other physiological stressors. On attaching to PS, bavituximab is thought to promote antitumor immunity through its effects on PS receptors in monocytes, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as trigger antitumor effects by inducing an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity on tumor-associated endothelial cells. We conducted a phase I clinical trial of bavituximab in combination with paclitaxel in patients with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Patients were treated with weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 for 3/4 weeks) and weekly bavituximab (3 mg/kg for 4/4 weeks). Correlative studies included the measurement of circulating microparticles, endothelial cells, and apoptotic tumor cells by flow cytometry. Fourteen patients with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled; all were evaluable for toxicity and 13 were evaluable for response. Treatment resulted in an overall response rate (RR) of 85% with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 7.3 months. Bone pain, fatigue, headache, and neutropenia were the most common adverse effects. Infusion-related reactions were the most common adverse event related to bavituximab therapy. Correlative studies showed an increase in the PS-expressing apoptotic circulating tumor cells in response to bavituximab, but not with paclitaxel. No changes in the number of circulating endothelial cells or apoptotic endothelial cells were observed with therapy. Platelet and monocyte-derived microparticles decreased after initiation of bavituximab. Bavituximab in combination with paclitaxel is well tolerated for treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer with promising results observed in terms of clinical RRs and PFS. The toxicity profile of bavituximab is notable for manageable infusion-related reactions with no evidence for increased thrombogenicity. Recent preclinical data suggest that bavituximab can also promote antitumor immune activity that should be explored in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani Chalasani
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, Arizona, 85724
| | - Marilyn Marron
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, Arizona, 85724
| | - Denise Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, Arizona, 85724
| | - Kathryn Clarke
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, Arizona, 85724
| | - Maria Iannone
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, Arizona, 85724
| | - Robert B Livingston
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, Arizona, 85724
| | - Joseph S Shan
- Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 14282 Franklin Avenue, Tustin, California, 92780
| | - Alison T Stopeck
- Stonybrook Medicine University, PO Box 1554, Stonybrook, New York, 11790
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Ulrich V, Konaniah ES, Lee WR, Khadka S, Shen YM, Herz J, Salmon JE, Hui DY, Shaul PW, Mineo C. Antiphospholipid antibodies attenuate endothelial repair and promote neointima formation in mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001369. [PMID: 25315347 PMCID: PMC4323803 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Antiphospholipid syndrome patients have antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) that promote thrombosis, and they have increased cardiovascular disease risk. Although the basis for the thrombosis has been well delineated, it is not known why antiphospholipid syndrome patients also have an increased prevalence of nonthrombotic vascular occlusion. The aims of this work were to determine if aPLs directly promote medial hypertrophy or neointima formation in mice and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results Medial hypertrophy and neointima formation invoked by carotid artery endothelial denudation were evaluated in mice administered normal human IgG or aPLs. While aPLs had no effect on medial hypertrophy, they caused exaggerated neointima development. This was related to an aPL‐induced impairment in reendothelialization post denudation, and scratch assays in cell culture revealed that there are direct effects of aPLs on endothelium that retard cell migration. Further experiments showed that aPL antagonism of endothelial migration and repair is mediated by antibody recognition of β2‐glycoprotein I, apolipoprotein E receptor 2, and a decline in bioavailable NO. Consistent with these mechanisms, the adverse impacts of aPLs on reendothelialization and neointima formation were fully prevented by the NO donor molsidomine. Conclusions APLs blunt endothelial repair, and there is related aPL‐induced exaggeration in neointima formation after endothelial injury in mice. The initiating process entails NO deficiency mediated by β2‐glycoprotein I recognition by aPLs and apolipoprotein E receptor 2. The modulation of endothelial apolipoprotein E receptor 2 function or NO bioavailability may represent new interventions to prevent the nonthrombotic vascular occlusion and resulting cardiovascular disorders that afflict antiphospholipid syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ulrich
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (V.U., W.R.L., S.K., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Eddy S Konaniah
- Department of Pathology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (E.S.K., D.Y.H.)
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (V.U., W.R.L., S.K., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Sadiksha Khadka
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (V.U., W.R.L., S.K., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Yu-Min Shen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (Y.M.S.)
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (J.H.)
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (J.E.S.)
| | - David Y Hui
- Department of Pathology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (E.S.K., D.Y.H.)
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (V.U., W.R.L., S.K., P.W.S., C.M.)
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (V.U., W.R.L., S.K., P.W.S., C.M.)
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Digumarti R, Bapsy PP, Suresh AV, Bhattacharyya GS, Dasappa L, Shan JS, Gerber DE. Bavituximab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2014; 86:231-6. [PMID: 25236982 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bavituximab is a phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting monoclonal antibody with immune-modulating and tumor-specific vascular targeting properties. Preclinical studies have shown activity against numerous solid tumors and at least an additive effect in combination with chemotherapy. This study evaluated bavituximab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase II, open-label study (NCT00687817) was conducted in 49 patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC utilizing a Simon two-stage design. Patients were treated with up to six cycles of carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 5 plus paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 every 21 days with weekly bavituximab 3 mg/kg followed by bavituximab monotherapy until progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS The primary efficacy endpoint of overall response rate (ORR) was 40.8% (complete response [CR] 2.0%, partial response [PR] was 38.8%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.0 and 12.4 months, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 40.8% of patients. The most common treatment-related AEs were anemia (10.2%), asthenia, vomiting, paresthesia, anorexia, and fatigue (6.1% each). One patient with a central, cavitating squamous tumor developed fatal hemoptysis and aspiration. CONCLUSION Bavituximab in combination with paclitaxel-carboplatin as first-line therapy demonstrated a tolerable safety profile and potential efficacy in this single-arm phase II trial in patients with advanced local or metastatic NSCLC. Randomized trials with this regimen are in progress. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT00687817.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph S Shan
- Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, United States.
| | - David E Gerber
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Nguyen KQN, Tsou WI, Calarese DA, Kimani SG, Singh S, Hsieh S, Liu Y, Lu B, Wu Y, Garforth SJ, Almo SC, Kotenko SV, Birge RB. Overexpression of MERTK receptor tyrosine kinase in epithelial cancer cells drives efferocytosis in a gain-of-function capacity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25737-49. [PMID: 25074939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.570838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MERTK, a member of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK) receptor tyrosine kinases, has complex and diverse roles in cell biology. On the one hand, knock-out of MERTK results in age-dependent autoimmunity characterized by failure of apoptotic cell clearance, while on the other, MERTK overexpression in cancer drives classical oncogene pathways leading to cell transformation. To better understand the interplay between cell transformation and efferocytosis, we stably expressed MERTK in human MCF10A cells, a non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line devoid of endogenous MERTK. While stable expression of MERTK in MCF10A resulted in enhanced motility and AKT-mediated chemoprotection, MERTK-10A cells did not form stable colonies in soft agar, or enhance proliferation compared with parental MCF10A cells. Concomitant to chemoresistance, MERTK also stimulated efferocytosis in a gain-of-function capacity. However, unlike AXL, MERTK activation was highly dependent on apoptotic cells, suggesting MERTK may preferentially interface with phosphatidylserine. Consistent with this idea, knockdown of MERTK in breast cancer cells MDA-MB 231 reduced efferocytosis, while transient or stable expression of MERTK stimulated apoptotic cell clearance in all cell lines tested. Moreover, human breast cancer cells with higher endogenous MERTK showed higher levels of efferocytosis that could be blocked by soluble TAM receptors. Finally, through MERTK, apoptotic cells induced PD-L1 expression, an immune checkpoint blockade, suggesting that cancer cells may adopt MERTK-driven efferocytosis as an immune suppression mechanism for their advantage. These data collectively identify MERTK as a significant link between cancer progression and efferocytosis, and a potentially unrealized tumor-promoting event when MERTK is overexpressed in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh-Quynh N Nguyen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center
| | - Wen-I Tsou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, and
| | - Daniel A Calarese
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Stanley G Kimani
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core Laboratory, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Shelly Hsieh
- Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School of Yeshiva University, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Yongzhang Liu
- Institute of Biophysics and Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China, and
| | - Bin Lu
- Institute of Biophysics and Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China, and
| | - Yi Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Scott J Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Steve C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Sergei V Kotenko
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, and
| | - Raymond B Birge
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital Cancer Center,
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Zhang L, Zhou H, Belzile O, Thorpe P, Zhao D. Phosphatidylserine-targeted bimodal liposomal nanoparticles for in vivo imaging of breast cancer in mice. J Control Release 2014; 183:114-23. [PMID: 24698945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) that is normally constrained to the inner plasma membrane becomes exposed on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) in tumor vasculature. In the present study, we report the development of a novel tumor vasculature-targeted liposomal nanoprobe by conjugating a human monoclonal antibody, PGN635 that specifically targets PS to polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes. MR contrast, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) were packed into the core of liposomes, while near-infrared dye, DiR was incorporated into the lipophilic bilayer. The liposomal nanoprobe PGN-L-IO/DiR was fully characterized, and its binding specificity and subsequent internalization into PS-exposed vascular ECs was confirmed by in vitro MRI and histological staining. In vivo longitudinal MRI and optical imaging were performed after i.v. injection of the liposomal nanoprobes into mice bearing breast MDA-MB231 tumors. At 9.4T, T2-weighted MRI detected drastic reduction on signal intensity and T2 values of tumors at 24h. Ionizing radiation significantly increased PS exposure on tumor vascular ECs, resulting in a further MRI signal loss of tumors. Concurrent with MRI, optical imaging revealed a clear tumor contrast at 24h. Intriguingly, PGN-L-IO/DiR exhibited distinct pharmacokinetics and biodistribution with significantly reduced accumulations in liver or spleen. Localization of PGN-L-IO/DiR to tumor was antigen specific, since a control probe of irrelevant specificity showed minimal accumulation in the tumors. Our studies indicate that PS-targeted liposomes may provide a useful platform for tumor-targeted delivery of imaging contrast agents or potentially anti-cancer drugs for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Heling Zhou
- Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Philip Thorpe
- Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
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Stafford JH, Hao G, Best AM, Sun X, Thorpe PE. Highly specific PET imaging of prostate tumors in mice with an iodine-124-labeled antibody fragment that targets phosphatidylserine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84864. [PMID: 24367699 PMCID: PMC3868598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an attractive target for imaging agents that identify tumors and assess their response to therapy. PS is absent from the surface of most cell types, but becomes exposed on tumor cells and tumor vasculature in response to oxidative stresses in the tumor microenvironment and increases in response to therapy. To image exposed PS, we used a fully human PS-targeting antibody fragment, PGN635 F(ab’)2, that binds to complexes of PS and β2-glycoprotein I. PGN635 F(ab’)2 was labeled with the positron-emitting isotope iodine-124 (124I) and the resulting probe was injected into nude mice bearing subcutaneous or orthotopic human PC3 prostate tumors. Biodistribution studies showed that 124I-PGN635 F(ab’)2 localized with remarkable specificity to the tumors with little uptake in other organs, including the liver and kidneys. Clear delineation of the tumors was achieved by PET 48 hours after injection. Radiation of the tumors with 15 Gy or systemic treatment of the mice with 10 mg/kg docetaxel increased localization in the tumors. Tumor-to-normal (T/N) ratios were inversely correlated with tumor growth measured over 28 days. These data indicate that 124I-PGN635 F(ab’)2 is a promising new imaging agent for predicting tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H. Stafford
- Department of Pharmacology, The Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- *
| | - Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, The Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Best
- Department of Pharmacology, The Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip E. Thorpe
- Department of Pharmacology, The Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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Liposomal encapsulation enhances in vivo near infrared imaging of exposed phosphatidylserine in a mouse glioma model. Molecules 2013; 18:14613-28. [PMID: 24287994 PMCID: PMC6269843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on tumor vascular endothelial cells is highly tumor specific, and development of the PS targeted near infrared (NIR) optical probe enables successful in vivo optical imaging of U87 gliomas in a mouse model. Liposomes have been widely used as a nanovector for delivery of chemotherapeutics and imaging contrast agents due to their high payload and longer circulation time. In the current study, we have fabricated PS-targeted liposomal nanoprobes encapsulating a NIR dye, IRDye® 800CW, aiming to enhance PS-targeted tumor imaging. Hydrophilic 800CW dye was packed into the core of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated liposomes functionalized with F(ab’)2 fragments of PGN635, a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds PS. As expected, in vivo dynamic NIR imaging revealed significantly improved tumor/normal contrast (TNR = 20 ± 3; p < 0.01) of subcutaneous U87 gliomas in mice after injection of the liposomal nanoprobes. Markedly enhanced TNR was observed after the tumors were irradiated to increase PS exposure (TNR = 48 ± 6; p < 0.05). Intriguingly, the liposomal nanoprobes, PGN-L-800CW showed distinct biodistribution and pharmacokinetics compared to the 800CW-PGN probes used in our previous study. Our data further suggest the usefulness of PS-targeted imaging probes for sensitive tumor detection and the potential of utilizing liposomal platform for glioma theranostics.
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A combination of radiosurgery and soluble tissue factor enhances vascular targeting for experimental glioblastoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:390714. [PMID: 24307995 PMCID: PMC3838847 DOI: 10.1155/2013/390714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiosurgery for glioblastoma is limited to the development of resistance, allowing tumor cells to survive and initiate tumor recurrence. Based on our previous work that coadministration of tissue factor and lipopolysaccharide following radiosurgery selectively induced thrombosis in cerebral arteriovenous malformations, achieving thrombosis of 69% of the capillaries and 39% of medium sized vessels, we hypothesized that a rapid and selective shutdown of the capillaries in glioblastoma vasculature would decrease the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, reducing tumor growth, preventing intracranial hypertension, and improving life expectancy. Glioblastoma was formed by implantation of GL261 cells into C57Bl/6 mouse brain. Mice were intravenously injected tissue factor, lipopolysaccharide, a combination of both, or placebo 24 hours after radiosurgery. Control mice received both agents after sham irradiation. Coadministration of tissue factor and lipopolysaccharide led to the formation of thrombi in up to 87 ± 8% of the capillaries and 46 ± 4% of medium sized vessels within glioblastoma. The survival rate of mice in this group was 80% versus no survivor in placebo controls 30 days after irradiation. Animal body weight increased with time in this group (r = 0.88, P = 0.0001). Thus, radiosurgery enhanced treatment with tissue factor, and lipopolysaccharide selectively induces thrombosis in glioblastoma vasculature, improving life expectancy.
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50
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Mineo C. Inhibition of nitric oxide and antiphospholipid antibody-mediated thrombosis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2013; 15:324. [PMID: 23519891 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-013-0324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent vascular thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and fetal loss occurring in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Along with arterial and venous thrombosis and pregnancy complications, patients with APS have an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary artery disease, resulting from vascular cell dysfunction induced by aPL. Accumulating evidence to date indicates that interactions between circulating aPL and cell surface molecules of target cells, primarily endothelial cells and platelets, underlie the vascular disease phenotypes of APS. However, the molecular basis of APS is poorly understood. Nitric oxide produced by endothelial cells is a key determinant of vascular health that regulates several physiologic processes, including thrombosis, endothelial-leukocyte interaction, vascular cell migration, and the modulation of vascular tone. This review will discuss recent findings that indicate a novel mechanism by which aPL antagonize endothelial cell production of nitric oxide and thereby promote thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA.
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