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Zhang Y, Lu L, Song F, Zou X, Liu Y, Zheng X, Qian J, Gu C, Huang P, Yang Y. Research progress on non-protein-targeted drugs for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:62. [PMID: 36918935 PMCID: PMC10011800 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-protein target drugs, especially RNA-based gene therapies for treating hereditary diseases, have been recognized worldwide. As cancer is an insurmountable challenge, no miracle drug is currently available. With the advancements in the field of biopharmaceuticals, research on cancer therapy has gradually focused on non-protein target-targeted drugs, especially RNA therapeutics, including oligonucleotide drugs and mRNA vaccines. This review mainly summarizes the clinical research progress in RNA therapeutics and highlights that appropriate target selection and optimized delivery vehicles are key factors in increasing the effectiveness of cancer treatment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Feifeng Song
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhou Zou
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Solans BP, Garrido MJ, Trocóniz IF. Drug Exposure to Establish Pharmacokinetic-Response Relationships in Oncology. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 59:123-135. [PMID: 31654368 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the oncology field, understanding the relationship between the dose administered and the exerted effect is particularly important because of the narrow therapeutic index associated with anti-cancer drugs and the high interpatient variability. Therefore, in this review, we provide a critical perspective of the different methods of characterising treatment exposure in the oncology setting. The increasing number of modelling applications in oncology reflects the applicability and the impact of pharmacometrics on all phases of the drug development process and patient management as well. Pharmacometric modelling is a worthy component within the current paradigm of model-based drug development, but pharmacometric modelling techniques are also accessible for the clinician in the optimisation of current oncology therapies. Consequently, the application of population models in a hospital setting by generating close collaborations between physicians and pharmacometricians is highly recommended, providing a systematic means of developing and assessing model-based metrics as 'drivers' for various responses to treatments, which can then be evaluated as predictors for treatment success. Characterising the key determinants of variability in exposure is of particular importance for anticancer agents, as efficacy and toxicity are associated with exposure. We present the different strategies to describe and predict drug exposure that can be applied depending on the data available, with the objective of obtaining the most useful information in the patients' favour throughout the full drug cycle. Therefore, the objective of the present article is to review the different approaches used to characterise a patient's exposure to oncology drugs, which will result in a better understanding of the time course of the response and the magnitude of interpatient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén P Solans
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Garrido
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki F Trocóniz
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Barata P, Sood AK, Hong DS. RNA-targeted therapeutics in cancer clinical trials: Current status and future directions. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 50:35-47. [PMID: 27612280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in RNA delivery and target selection provide unprecedented opportunities for cancer treatment, especially for cancers that are particularly hard to treat with existing drugs. Small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides are the most widely used strategies for silencing gene expression. In this review, we summarize how these approaches were used to develop drugs targeting RNA in human cells. Then, we review the current state of clinical trials of these agents for different types of cancer and outcomes from published data. Finally, we discuss lessons learned from completed studies and future directions for this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barata
- Department of Solid Tumors, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Cen Y, Li X, Yin Z, Yan Z, Liu D, Peng W, Pan F, Zhou H. Pharmacokinetic Profile and Acute Toxicological Properties of a Novel Radiosensitizer Cytosine-Phosphate-Guanosine Oligodeoxynucleotide 107 in Mice Following Intravenous and Orthotopic Administration. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015. [PMID: 26213852 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2015.0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide 107 (CpG ODN107) is a novel radiosensitizer for glioma treatment. However, the information related to its pharmacokinetics and toxicity remains unclear. Therefore, the plasma pharmacokinetics, distribution, elimination, and acute toxicity of CpG ODN107 in mice were investigated in the present experiments. The results from the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay showed that the plasma elimination half-life (t1/2β) of CpG ODN107 in BALB/c mice varied slightly with the dose, and it was 0.65, 0.49, and 0.50 h at the intravenous doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. CpG ODN107 rapidly and widely distributed in organs/tissues, except the brain and testes. The highest concentrations were found in the liver (28.6% of the administered dose after 0.5 h) and the kidneys (5.7% of the administered dose after 1 h). CpG ODN107 (0.3, 3, and 30 μg/mL) could highly bind to human and mouse plasma proteins in vitro. CpG ODN107 in the forms of prototype was excreted in urine (1.79%) and feces (0.91%), and its shortened metabolites were excreted in urine (2.1%) and feces (2.2%) within the first 24 h. The mice in vivo optical image showed CpG ODN107 labeled with Alexa Fluor 680 fluorochrome (AF680) accumulated in the brain after orthotopic injection, eliminated very slowly, and excreted in urine compared with poly T labeled with AF680. The median lethal dose (LD50) of CpG ODN107 was 75.7 mg/kg for mice; this dose only could produce apparent spleen and liver damage, in line with the distribution features of CpG ODN. In conclusion, our present pharmacokinetic and toxicity investigation will provide helpful information to further pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic research of CpG ODN107 and other oligodeoxynucleotide drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cen
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Yin
- 2 No. 546 Hospital of China People's Liberation Army , Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifei Yan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Pan
- 3 Biomedical Analysis Center, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Bai JP, Abernethy DR. Systems Pharmacology to Predict Drug Toxicity: Integration Across Levels of Biological Organization. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:451-73. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane P.F. Bai
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993;
| | - Darrell R. Abernethy
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993;
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Tsao N, Chanda M, Yu DF, Kurihara H, Zhang YH, Mendez R, Yang DJ. ⁹⁹mTc-N4amG: synthesis biodistribution and imaging in breast tumor-bearing rodents. Appl Radiat Isot 2012. [PMID: 23208240 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
(99m)Tc-N4-guanine ((99m)Tc-N4amG) was synthesized and evaluated in this study. Cellular uptake and cellular fraction studies were performed to evaluate the cell penetrating ability. Biodistribution and planar imaging were conducted in breast tumor-bearing rats. Up to 17%ID uptake was observed in cellular uptake study with 40% of (99m)Tc-N4amG was accumulated in the nucleus. Biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies showed increased tumor/muscle count density ratios as a function of time. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using (99m)Tc-N4amG in tumor specific imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tsao
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Quantitative analysis of survivin protein expression and its therapeutic depletion by an antisense oligonucleotide in human lung tumors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 1:e30. [PMID: 23344082 PMCID: PMC3390226 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA-directed antisense and interference therapeutics are a promising treatment option for cancer. The demonstration of depletion of target proteins within human tumors in vivo using validated methodology will be a key to the application of this technology. Here, we present a flow cytometric-based approach to quantitatively determine protein levels in solid tumor material derived by fiber optic brushing (FOB) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Focusing upon the survivin protein, and its depletion by an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) (LY2181308), we show that we can robustly identify a subpopulation of survivin positive tumor cells in FOB samples, and, moreover, detect survivin depletion in tumor samples from a patient treated with LY2181308. Survivin depletion appears to be a result of treatment with this ASO, because a tumor treated with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy did not exhibit a decreased percentage of survivin positive cells. Our approach is likely to be broadly applicable to, and useful for, the quantification of protein levels in tumor samples obtained as part of clinical trials and studies, facilitating the proof-of-principle testing of novel targeted therapies.
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Kitchens CA, McDonald PR, Shun TY, Pollack IF, Lazo JS. Identification of chemosensitivity nodes for vinblastine through small interfering RNA high-throughput screens. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:851-8. [PMID: 21880871 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.184879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering chemosensitivity pathways or nodes is an attractive strategy for formulating new drug combinations for cancer. Microtubules are among the most successful anticancer drug targets. Therefore, we implemented a small interfering RNA (siRNA) synthetic lethal screen targeting 5520 unique druggable genes to identify novel chemosensitivity nodes for vinblastine, a microtubule-destabilizing agent used clinically. We transiently transfected human glioblastoma cells with siRNAs for 48 h and then treated cells with a sublethal concentration of vinblastine. Forty-eight hours later, we analyzed cell viability and, using a series of statistical methods, identified 65 gene products that, when suppressed, sensitized glioblastoma cells to vinblastine. After completion of the secondary assays, we focused on one siRNA, B-cell lymphoma extra large (BCL-xL), because of its role in the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway as well as the availability of pharmacological inhibitors. We found that nontoxic concentrations of 4-[4-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N-[4-[[(2R)-4-morpholin-4-yl-1-phenylsulfanylbutan-2-yl]amino]-3-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)phenyl]sulfonylbenzamide (ABT-263), an inhibitor of the BCL-2 family members (BCL-2, BCL-xL, and BCL-w), sensitized glioblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer cells to vinblastine and induced apoptosis through the intrinsic cell death pathway. These results illustrate the usefulness of unbiased siRNA screens as a method for identifying potential novel anticancer therapeutic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Kitchens
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Small-molecule inhibitors reveal a new function for Bcl-2 as a proangiogenic signaling molecule. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 348:115-37. [PMID: 20941592 PMCID: PMC3812667 DOI: 10.1007/82_2010_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has a complex etiology and displays a wide range of cellular escape pathways that allow it to circumvent treatment. Signaling molecules functionally downstream of the circumvented pathways, and particularly at checkpoints where several of these pathways intersect, provide valuable targets for the development of novel anti-cancer drugs. Bcl-2, a pro-survival signaling molecule, is one such protein. This review examines the efficacy, potency, and function of several small molecule inhibitor drugs targeted to the Bcl-2 family of proteins. The review focuses on the compounds with most available data within the literature and discusses both the anti-cancer and the recently unveiled anti-angiogenic potential of this new class of drugs.
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Pore MM, Hiltermann TJN, Kruyt FAE. Targeting apoptosis pathways in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2010; 332:359-68. [PMID: 20974517 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represent different forms of lung cancer that are associated with distinct genetic causes and display different responses to therapy in the clinic. Whereas SCLC is often sensitive to chemotherapy at start of treatment, NSCLC are less chemo-sensitive. In NSCLC different histological subtypes are distinguished and increasing efforts are made to identify subtypes that respond to specific therapies, such as those harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations that have benefit from treatment with EGFR inhibitors. Targeting of the apoptotic machinery represents another approach that aims to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal ones. Here we describe different ways that are currently explored to induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells, specifically pathways controlled by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), BCL-2 family members and apoptosis inhibitory proteins (IAPs). Preclinical studies are discussed and for some agents results from early clinical studies and future perspectives are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind M Pore
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Azmi AS, Wang Z, Philip PA, Mohammad RM, Sarkar FH. Emerging Bcl-2 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2010; 16:59-70. [PMID: 20812891 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2010.515210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bcl-2 family proteins are a component of the antiapoptotic machinery and are overexpressed in different malignancies. Accordingly, their enhanced expression has been attributed to the observed chemoresistance in most of the cancers. Therefore, targeting Bcl-2 family members becomes an important and attractive approach towards cancer therapy and is currently a very rapidly evolving area of research. This article highlights the numerous advancements that have been made in the design and synthesis of small molecule inhibitors (SMI) of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. AREAS COVERED This review comprehensively describes the progress made over the last 2 decades on this subject, including the clinical status of SMIs of Bcl-2 family proteins. Newer insights on the status of our knowledge on SMIs of Bcl-2 family proteins, their most beneficial application as well as current and future directions in this field are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Targeting Bcl-2 family proteins using SMI strategies is gaining momentum, with the emergence of certain new classes of inhibitors in Phase I and II clinical settings. In view of the tremendous progress toward the development of such inhibitors, this innovative approach certainly holds promise and has the potential to become a future mainstay for cancer therapy. The stage is set for the next generation of SMIs, for not only Bcl-2 proteins but also for Mcl-1. Other emerging molecules in the apoptotic machinery will also be explored and targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar S Azmi
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 740 Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Siakallis G, Spandidos DA, Sourvinos G. Herpesviridae and novel inhibitors. Antivir Ther 2008; 14:1051-64. [DOI: 10.3851/imp1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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