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Tu KJ, Stewart CE, Hendrickson PG, Regal JA, Kim SY, Ashley DM, Waitkus MS, Reitman ZJ. Pooled genetic screens to identify vulnerabilities in TERT-promoter-mutant glioblastoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:3274-3286. [PMID: 37741952 PMCID: PMC10615780 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Pooled genetic screens represent a powerful approach to identify vulnerabilities in cancer. Here we used pooled CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches to identify vulnerabilities associated with telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations (TPMs) found in >80% of glioblastomas. We first developed a platform to detect perturbations that cause long-term growth defects in a TPM-mutated glioblastoma cell line. However, we could not detect dependencies on either TERT itself or on an E-twenty six transcription (ETS) factor known to activate TPMs. To explore this finding, we cataloged TPM status for 441 cell lines and correlated this with genome-wide screening data. We found that TPM status was not associated with differential dependency on TERT, but that E-twenty six (ETS) transcription factors represent key dependencies in both TPM+ and TPM- lines. Further, we found that TPMs are associated with expression of gene programs regulated by a wide array of ETS-factors in both cell lines and primary glioblastoma tissues. This work contributes a unique TPM cell line reagent, establishes TPM status for many deeply-profiled cell lines, and catalogs TPM-associated vulnerabilities. The results highlight challenges in executing genetic screens to detect TPM-specific vulnerabilities, and suggest redundancy in the genetic network that regulates TPM function with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 21044, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Connor E Stewart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Peter G Hendrickson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Joshua A Regal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David M Ashley
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Matthew S Waitkus
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Zachary J Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center at Duke, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Gatto L, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Di Nunno V, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Glioblastoma treatment slowly moves toward change: novel druggable targets and translational horizons in 2022. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:269-286. [PMID: 36718723 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2174097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. GBM treatment options have been the same for the past 30 years and have only modestly extended survival, despite aggressive multimodal treatments. The progressively better knowledge of GBM biology and a comprehensive analysis of its genomic profile have elucidated GBM heterogeneity, contributing to a more effective molecular classification and to the development of innovative targeted therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED This article reports all the noteworthy innovations for immunotherapy and targeted therapy, providing insights into the current advances in trial designs, including combination therapies with immuno-oncology agents and target combinations. EXPERT OPINION GBM molecular heterogeneity and brain anatomical characteristics critically restrain drug effectiveness. Nevertheless, stimulating insights for future research and drug development come from innovative treatment strategies for GBM, such as multi-specific 'off-the-shelf' CAR-T therapy, oncolytic viral therapy and autologous dendritic cell vaccination. Disappointing results from targeted therapies-clinical trials are mainly due to complex interferences between signaling pathways and biological processes leading to drug resistance: hence, it is imperative in the future to develop combinatorial approaches and multimodal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gatto
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Bartolini
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- Nervous System Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Yekula A, Hsia T, Kitchen RR, Chakrabortty SK, Yu W, Batool SM, Lewis B, Szeglowski AJ, Weissleder R, Lee H, Chi AS, Batchelor T, Carter BS, Breakefield XO, Skog J, Balaj L. Longitudinal analysis of serum-derived extracellular vesicle RNA to monitor dacomitinib treatment response in EGFR-amplified recurrent glioblastoma patients. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad104. [PMID: 37811539 PMCID: PMC10559837 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and invasive brain tumor associated with high patient mortality. A large fraction of GBM tumors have been identified as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplified and ~50% also are EGFRvIII mutant positive. In a previously reported multicenter phase II study, we have described the response of recurrent GBM (rGBM) patients to dacomitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). As a continuation of that report, we leverage the tumor cargo-encapsulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and explore their genetic composition as carriers of tumor biomarker. Methods Serum samples were longitudinally collected from EGFR-amplified rGBM patients who clinically benefitted from dacomitinib therapy (responders) and those who did not (nonresponders), as well as from a healthy cohort of individuals. The serum EV transcriptome was evaluated to map the RNA biotype distribution and distinguish GBM disease. Results Using long RNA sequencing, we show enriched detection of over 10 000 coding RNAs from serum EVs. The EV transcriptome yielded a unique signature that facilitates differentiation of GBM patients from healthy donors. Further analysis revealed genetic enrichment that enables stratification of responders from nonresponders prior to dacomitinib treatment as well as following administration. Conclusion This study demonstrates that genetic composition analysis of serum EVs may aid in therapeutic stratification to identify patients with dacomitinib-responsive GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Yekula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert R Kitchen
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., a Bio-Techne Brand, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wei Yu
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., a Bio-Techne Brand, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Syeda M Batool
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Lewis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antoni J Szeglowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew S Chi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracy Batchelor
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xandra O Breakefield
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, Inc., a Bio-Techne Brand, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Barin N, Balcioglu HE, de Heer I, de Wit M, Lamfers MLM, van Royen ME, French PJ, Accardo A. 3D-Engineered Scaffolds to Study Microtubes and Localization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Patient-Derived Glioma Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204485. [PMID: 36207287 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in glioma research is the lack of in vitro models that can retain cellular features of glioma cells in vivo. To overcome this limitation, a 3D-engineered scaffold, fabricated by two-photon polymerization, is developed as a cell culture model system to study patient-derived glioma cells. Scanning electron microscopy, (live cell) confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry are employed to assess the 3D model with respect to scaffold colonization, cellular morphology, and epidermal growth factor receptor localization. Both glioma patient-derived cells and established cell lines successfully colonize the scaffolds. Compared to conventional 2D cell cultures, the 3D-engineered scaffolds more closely resemble in vivo glioma cellular features and allow better monitoring of individual cells, cellular protrusions, and intracellular trafficking. Furthermore, less random cell motility and increased stability of cellular networks is observed for cells cultured on the scaffolds. The 3D-engineered glioma scaffolds therefore represent a promising tool for studying brain cancer mechanobiology as well as for drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Barin
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Heer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice de Wit
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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CBX3 accelerates the malignant progression of glioblastoma multiforme by stabilizing EGFR expression. Oncogene 2022; 41:3051-3063. [PMID: 35459780 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CBX3, also known as HP1γ, is a major isoform of heterochromatin protein 1, whose deregulation has been reported to promote the development of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of CBX3 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are unclear. Our study reported the identification of CBX3 as a potential therapeutic target for GBM. Briefly, we found that, CBX3 is significantly upregulated in GBM and reduces patient survival. In addition, functional assays demonstrated that CBX3 significantly promote the proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Erlotinib, a small molecule targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, was used to demonstrate that CBX3 direct the malignant progression of GBM are EGFR dependent. Previous studies have shown that PARK2(Parkin) and STUB1(Carboxy Terminus of Hsp70-Interacting Protein) are EGFR-specific E3 ligases. Notably, we verified that CBX3 directly suppressed PARK2 and STUB1 at the transcriptional level through its CD domain to reduce the ubiquitination of EGFR. Moreover, the CSD domain of CBX3 interacted with PARK2 and regulated its ubiquitination to further reduce its protein level. Collectively, these results revealed an unknown mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of GBM and confirmed that CBX3 is a promising therapeutic target.
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Maggio I, Franceschi E, Gatto L, Tosoni A, Di Nunno V, Tonon C, Brandes AA. Radiomics, mirnomics, and radiomirRNomics in glioblastoma: defining tumor biology from shadow to light. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1265-1272. [PMID: 34433354 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1971518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Genetic characterization of this tumor has identified alterations with prognostic and therapeutic impact, and many efforts are being made to improve molecular knowledge on glioblastoma. Invasive procedures, such as tumor biopsy or radical resection, are needed to characterize the tumor. AREAS COVERED The role of microRNA in cancer is an expanding field of research as many microRNAs have been shown to correlate with patient prognosis and treatment response. Novel methodologies like radiomics, radiogenomics, and radiomiRNomics are under evaluation to improve the amount of prognostic and predictive biomarkers available. EXPERT OPINION The role of radiomics, radiogenomics, and radiomiRNomic for the characterization of glioblastoma will further improve in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maggio
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lidia Gatto
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Tonon
- Ircss Istituto di Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
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7
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Lu Q, Gao Y, Fan Z, Xiao X, Chen Y, Si Y, Kong D, Wang S, Liao M, Chen X, Wang X, Chu W. Amphiregulin promotes hair regeneration of skin-derived precursors via the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13106. [PMID: 34382262 PMCID: PMC8450126 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There are significant clinical challenges associated with alopecia treatment, including poor efficiency of related drugs and insufficient hair follicles (HFs) for transplantation. Skin‐derived precursors (SKPs) exhibit great potential as stem cell‐based therapies for hair regeneration; however, the proliferation and hair‐inducing capacity of SKPs gradually decrease during culturing. Materials and Methods We describe a 3D co‐culture system accompanied by kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology enrichment analyses to determine the key factors and pathways that enhance SKP stemness and verified using alkaline phosphatase assays, Ki‐67 staining, HF reconstitution, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The upregulated genes were confirmed utilizing corresponding recombinant protein or small‐interfering RNA silencing in vitro, as well as the evaluation of telogen‐to‐anagen transition and HF reconstitution in vivo. Results The 3D co‐culture system revealed that epidermal stem cells and adipose‐derived stem cells enhanced SKP proliferation and HF regeneration capacity by amphiregulin (AREG), with the promoted stemness allowing SKPs to gain an earlier telogen‐to‐anagen transition and high‐efficiency HF reconstitution. By contrast, inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways downstream of AREG signalling resulted in diametrically opposite activities. Conclusions By exploiting a 3D co‐culture model, we determined that AREG promoted SKP stemness by enhancing both proliferation and hair‐inducing capacity through the PI3K and MAPK pathways. These findings suggest AREG therapy as a potentially promising approach for treating alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhimeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Center of Scientific Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deqiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Yonghe Medical Beauty Clinic Limited Company, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijian Liao
- School of basic medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Asif M, Usman M, Ayub S, Farhat S, Huma Z, Ahmed J, Kamal MA, Hussein D, Javed A, Khan I. Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Proteins in CNS Tumors: Resistance- Based Perspectives and Clinical Updates. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4747-4763. [PMID: 32091329 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200224112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite gigantic advances in medical research and development, chemotherapeutic resistance remains a major challenge in complete remission of CNS tumors. The failure of complete eradication of CNS tumors has been correlated with the existence of several factors including overexpression of transporter proteins. To date, 49 ABC-transporter proteins (ABC-TPs) have been reported in humans, and the evidence of their strong association with chemotherapeutics' influx, dissemination, and efflux in CNS tumors, is growing. Research studies on CNS tumors are implicating ABC-TPs as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers that may be utilised in preclinical and clinical studies. With the current advancements in cell biology, molecular analysis of genomic and transcriptomic interplay, and protein homology-based drug-transporters interaction, our research approaches are streamlining the roles of ABC-TPs in cancer and multidrug resistance. Potential inhibitors of ABC-TP for better clinical outcomes in CNS tumors have emerged. Elacridar has shown to enhance the chemo-sensitivity of Dasatanib and Imatinib in various glioma models. Tariquidar has improved the effectiveness of Temozolomide's in CNS tumors. Although these inhibitors have been effective in preclinical settings, their clinical outcomes have not been as significant in clinical trials. Thus, to have a better understanding of the molecular evaluations of ABC-TPs, as well as drug-interactions, further research is being pursued in research labs. Our lab aims to better comprehend the biological mechanisms involved in drug resistance and to explore novel strategies to increase the clinical effectiveness of anticancer chemotherapeutics, which will ultimately improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asif
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Usman
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ayub
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan,Department of Neurosurgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, KPK Medical Teaching Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Farhat
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zilli Huma
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,4Enzymoics; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Deema Hussein
- Neurooncology Translational Group, Medical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology,
Islamabad 44000, Pakistan,Department of Infectious diseases, Brigham and Women Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Cancer Cell Culture & Precision Oncomedicine Lab, Neurooncology Research Group, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Paranthaman S, Goravinahalli Shivananjegowda M, Mahadev M, Moin A, Hagalavadi Nanjappa S, Nanjaiyah ND, Chidambaram SB, Gowda DV. Nanodelivery Systems Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors for Glioma Management. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121198. [PMID: 33321953 PMCID: PMC7763629 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradigm shift in treating the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma is continuously evolving; however, these strategies do not provide a better life and survival index. Currently, neurosurgical debulking, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the treatment options available for glioma, but these are non-specific in action. Patients invariably develop resistance to these therapies, leading to recurrence and death. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are among the most common cell surface proteins in glioma and play a significant role in malignant progression; thus, these are currently being explored as therapeutic targets. RTKs belong to the family of cell surface receptors that are activated by ligands which in turn activates two major downstream signaling pathways via Rapidly Accelerating Sarcoma/mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (Ras/MAPK/ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/a serine/threonine protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR). These pathways are critically involved in regulating cell proliferation, invasion, metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis. Dysregulation in these pathways results in uncontrolled glioma cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and cancer progression. Thus, RTK pathways are considered a potential target in glioma management. This review summarizes the possible risk factors involved in the growth of glioblastoma (GBM). The role of RTKs inhibitors (TKIs) and the intracellular signaling pathways involved, small molecules under clinical trials, and the updates were discussed. We have also compiled information on the outcomes from the various endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKIs-based nanoformulations from the preclinical and clinical points of view. Aided by an extensive literature search, we propose the challenges and potential opportunities for future research on EGFR-TKIs-based nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathishbabu Paranthaman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (S.P.); (M.G.S.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Manohar Mahadev
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (S.P.); (M.G.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hail University, Hail PO BOX 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | | | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Devegowda Vishakante Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (S.P.); (M.G.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9663162455
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10
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Mozumdar D, Doerner A, Zhang JY, Rafizadeh DN, Schepartz A. Discrete Coiled Coil Rotamers Form within the EGFRvIII Juxtamembrane Domain. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3965-3972. [PMID: 32941004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) extracellular domain (ECD) are implicated in the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer. Of particular interest to GBM is the EGFR variant known as EGFRvIII, which is distinguished by an in-frame deletion of exons 2-7, which encode ECD residues 6-273. Included within the deleted region is an autoinhibitory tether, whose absence, alongside unique disulfide interactions within the truncated ECD, supports assembly of a constitutively active asymmetric kinase dimer. Previous studies have shown that the binding of growth factors to the ECD of wild-type EGFR leads to the formation of two distinct coiled coil dimers in the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane (JM) segment, whose identities correlate with the downstream phenotype. One coiled coil contains leucine residues at the interhelix interface (EGF-type), whereas the other contains charged and polar side chains (TGF-α-type). It has been proposed that growth-factor-dependent structural changes in the ECD and adjacent transmembrane helix are transduced into distinct JM coiled coils. Here, we show that, in the absence of this growth-factor-induced signal, the JM of EGFRvIII adopts both EGF-type and TGF-α-type structures, providing direct evidence for this hypothesis. These studies confirm that the signals that define JM coiled coil identity begin within the ECD, and support a model in which growth-factor-induced conformational changes are transmitted from the ECD through the transmembrane helix to favor different coiled coil isomers within the JM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepto Mozumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
| | - Amy Doerner
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Justin Y Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Diane N Rafizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
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11
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Di Nunno V, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Di Battista M, Gatto L, Lamperini C, Minichillo S, Mura A, Bartolini S, Brandes AA. Treatment of recurrent glioblastoma: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:785-795. [PMID: 32799576 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1807949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all patients affected by glioblastoma experience recurrence of the disease. AREAS COVERED Management of recurrent glioblastoma is a clinical challenge, and several elements should be taken into consideration when making treatment choice. Loco-regional treatments may be the best treatment approach in selected cases while systemic therapies or supportive care alone are necessary for other patients. Unfortunately, few drugs have shown clinical in this setting. This lack of effective treatments has made recurrent glioblastoma a disease orphan of an effective approach. EXPERT OPINION Results of recent clinical trials offer interesting perspectives and may controvert this axiom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Di Battista
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Gatto
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lamperini
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Santino Minichillo
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Mura
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Bartolini
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology - Azienda USL di Bologna , Bologna, Italy
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12
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Chi AS, Cahill DP, Reardon DA, Wen PY, Mikkelsen T, Peereboom DM, Wong ET, Gerstner ER, Dietrich J, Plotkin SR, Norden AD, Lee EQ, Nayak L, Tanaka S, Wakimoto H, Lelic N, Koerner MV, Klofas LK, Bertalan MS, Arrillaga-Romany IC, Betensky RA, Curry WT, Borger DR, Balaj L, Kitchen RR, Chakrabortty SK, Valentino MD, Skog J, Breakefield XO, Iafrate AJ, Batchelor TT. Exploring Predictors of Response to Dacomitinib in EGFR-Amplified Recurrent Glioblastoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:1900295. [PMID: 32923886 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the high frequency of EGFR genetic alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), EGFR-targeted therapies have not had success in this disease. To improve the likelihood of efficacy, we targeted adult patients with recurrent GBM enriched for EGFR gene amplification, which occurs in approximately half of GBM, with dacomitinib, a second-generation, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that penetrates the blood-brain barrier, in a multicenter phase II trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively explored whether previously described EGFR extracellular domain (ECD)-sensitizing mutations in the context of EGFR gene amplification could predict response to dacomitinib, and in a predefined subset of patients, we measured post-treatment intratumoral dacomitinib levels to verify tumor penetration. RESULTS We found that dacomitinib effectively penetrates contrast-enhancing GBM tumors. Among all 56 treated patients, 8 (14.3%) had a clinical benefit as defined by a duration of treatment of at least 6 months, of whom 5 (8.9%) remained progression free for at least 1 year. Presence of EGFRvIII or EGFR ECD missense mutation was not associated with clinical benefit. We evaluated the pretreatment transcriptome in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) by RNA sequencing in a subset of patients and identified a signature that distinguished patients who had durable benefit versus those with rapid progression. CONCLUSION While dacomitinib was not effective in most patients with EGFR-amplified GBM, a subset experienced a durable, clinically meaningful benefit. Moreover, EGFRvIII and EGFR ECD mutation status in archival tumors did not predict clinical benefit. RNA signatures in circulating EVs may warrant investigation as biomarkers of dacomitinib efficacy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Chi
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David A Reardon
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Ontario Brain Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Eric T Wong
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jorg Dietrich
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew D Norden
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nina Lelic
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mara V Koerner
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lindsay K Klofas
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mia S Bertalan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - William T Curry
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Darrel R Borger
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tracy T Batchelor
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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13
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Alamdari-Palangi V, Karami Z, Karami H, Baazm M. MiRNA-7 Replacement Effect on Proliferation and Tarceva-Sensitivity in U373-MG Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1747-1753. [PMID: 32592373 PMCID: PMC7568905 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of the EGFR signaling pathway activity has been shown to can be effective in resistance to EGFR-TKIs, such as Tarceva (erlotinib), in glioblastoma cells. In addition, reports have shown that the reduction of miRNA-7 expression levels is associated with an increase in the expression of EGFR. Here, we evaluated the effect of miRNA-7 on EGFR expression and sensitivity of the U373-MG glioblastoma to erlotinib. METHODS The effect of miRNA-7 on EGFR expression was examined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. Trypan blue and MTT assays were performed to explore the effect of treatments on cell growth and survival, respectively. The combination index analysis was used to evaluate the interaction between drugs. Apoptosis was measured by ELISA cell death assay. RESULTS We showed that miRNA-7 markedly inhibited the expression of EGFR and decreased the growth of glioblastoma cells, relative to blank control and negative control miRNA (p < 0.05). Introduction of miRNA-7 synergistically increased the sensitivity of the U373-MG cells to erlotinib. Results of apoptosis assay demonstrated that miRNA-7 can trigger apoptosis and enhance the erlotinib-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that miRNA-7 plays a critical role in the growth, survival and sensitivity of the U373-MG cells to erlotinib by targeting EGFR. Thus, miRNA-7 replacement therapy can become an effective therapeutic procedure in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Alamdari-Palangi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hadi Karami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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14
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Ibrahim K, Abdul Murad NA, Harun R, Jamal R. Knockdown of Tousled‑like kinase 1 inhibits survival of glioblastoma multiforme cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:685-699. [PMID: 32468002 PMCID: PMC7307829 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive type of brain tumour that commonly exhibits resistance to treatment. The tumour is highly heterogenous and complex kinomic alterations have been reported leading to dysregulation of signalling pathways. The present study aimed to investigate the novel kinome pathways and to identify potential therapeutic targets in GBM. Meta‑analysis using Oncomine identified 113 upregulated kinases in GBM. RNAi screening was performed on identified kinases using ON‑TARGETplus siRNA library on LN18 and U87MG. Tousled‑like kinase 1 (TLK1), which is a serine/threonine kinase was identified as a potential hit. In vitro functional validation was performed as the role of TLK1 in GBM is unknown. TLK1 knockdown in GBM cells significantly decreased cell viability, clonogenicity, proliferation and induced apoptosis. TLK1 knockdown also chemosensitised the GBM cells to the sublethal dose of temozolomide. The downstream pathways of TLK1 were examined using microarray analysis, which identified the involvement of DNA replication, cell cycle and focal adhesion signalling pathways. In vivo validation of the subcutaneous xenografts of stably transfected sh‑TLK1 U87MG cells demonstrated significantly decreased tumour growth in female BALB/c nude mice. Together, these results suggested that TLK1 may serve a role in GBM survival and may serve as a potential target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamariah Ibrahim
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Harun
- KPJ Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Ampang, Selangor 68000, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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15
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Alamdari-Palangi V, Amini R, Karami H. MiRNA-7 enhances erlotinib sensitivity of glioblastoma cells by blocking the IRS-1 and IRS-2 expression. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:531-538. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Down-regulation of miRNA-7 is correlated with over-expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins, the upstream regulators of IGF-1R/Akt pathway, in glioblastoma cells. In this study, the effect of miRNA-7 on expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 and sensitivity of the U373-MG glioblastoma cells to erlotinib was explored.
Methods
After miRNA-7 transfection, the expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 mRNAs was measured by RT-qPCR. Trypan blue assay was used to assess the effect of miRNA-7 on cell proliferation. The effects of miRNA-7 and erlotinib, alone and in combination, on cell survival and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay and ELISA cell death assay, respectively.
Key findings
Our data showed that miRNA-7 markedly inhibited the expression of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of glioblastoma cells and enhanced apoptosis (P < 0.05, relative to control). Pretreatment with miRNA-7 synergistically inhibited the cell survival rate and decreased the IC50 of erlotinib. Furthermore, miRNA-7 significantly augmented the apoptotic effect of erlotinib.
Conclusions
Our data propose that inhibition of IRS-1 and IRS-2 by miRNA-7 can effectively induce apoptosis and sensitize glioblastoma cell to EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, miRNA-7 may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Alamdari-Palangi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hadi Karami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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16
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Luo L, Wang M, Li X, Tian J, Zhang K, Tan S, Luo C. Long non-coding RNA LOC285194 in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:1-8. [PMID: 31837299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-encoding RNAs that are usually over 200 nucleotides-long. The development of whole-genome sequencing has enabled the identification of several lncRNAs, and the determination of their critical roles in the human tumor process. LOC285194, also known as LSAMP antisense RNA 3 and tumor suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7), is a >2-kb-long lncRNA comprised of four exons (gene ID: 285194), and located in chr3q13.31. LOC285194 expression is reported to be consistently low in tumor cells and often associated with poor clinical outcomes. Functionally, LOC285194 overexpression has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo. Further, LOC285194 mainly suppressed or promoted the expression of related genes through direct or indirect pathways, suggesting that LOC285194 might be a feasible biomarker or therapeutic target in human cancers. Here, we reviewed and summarized existing literature on the functions and mechanisms of LOC285194 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Xianping Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Shan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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17
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Liu X, Chen X, Shi L, Shan Q, Cao Q, Yue C, Li H, Li S, Wang J, Gao S, Niu M, Yu R. The third-generation EGFR inhibitor AZD9291 overcomes primary resistance by continuously blocking ERK signaling in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:219. [PMID: 31122294 PMCID: PMC6533774 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor, lacking effective treatment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is recognized as an attractive target for GBM treatment. However, GBMs have very poor responses to the first- and second-generation EGFR inhibitors. The third-generation EGFR-targeted drug, AZD9291, is a novel and irreversible inhibitor. It is noteworthy that AZD9291 shows excellent blood–brain barrier penetration and has potential for the treatment of brain tumors. Methods In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity and effectiveness of AZD9291 in a preclinical GBM model. Results AZD9291 showed dose-responsive growth inhibitory activity against six GBM cell lines. Importantly, AZD9291 inhibited GBM cell proliferation > 10 times more efficiently than the first-generation EGFR inhibitors. AZD9291 induced GBM cell cycle arrest and significantly inhibited colony formation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells. In an orthotopic GBM model, AZD9291 treatment significantly inhibited tumor survival and prolonged animal survival. The underlying anti-GBM mechanism of AZD9291 was shown to be different from that of the first-generation EGFR inhibitors. In contrast to erlotinib, AZD9291 continuously and efficiently inhibited the EGFR/ERK signaling in GBM cells. Conclusion AZD9291 demonstrated an efficient preclinical activity in GBM in vitro and in vivo models. AZD9291 has been approved for the treatment of lung cancer with good safety and tolerability. Our results support the possibility of conducting clinical trials of anti-GBM therapy using AZD9291. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1235-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Shan
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiyu Cao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglong Yue
- Surgical Department 9, Xuzhou children's hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Li
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengsheng Li
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Eskilsson E, Røsland GV, Solecki G, Wang Q, Harter PN, Graziani G, Verhaak RGW, Winkler F, Bjerkvig R, Miletic H. EGFR heterogeneity and implications for therapeutic intervention in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:743-752. [PMID: 29040782 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a universally poor prognosis and are in urgent need of effective treatment strategies. Recent advances in sequencing techniques unraveled the complete genomic landscape of GBMs and revealed profound heterogeneity of individual tumors even at the single cell level. Genomic profiling has detected epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene alterations in more than half of GBMs. Major genetic events include amplification and mutation of EGFR. Yet, treatment strategies targeting EGFR have thus far failed in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the clonal and functional heterogeneity of EGFRs in GBM development and critically reassess the potential of EGFRs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskil Eskilsson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gro V Røsland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Edinger-Institute, Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roel G W Verhaak
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Frank Winkler
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway.,Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,KG Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Center, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tyrosine kinase superfamily receptor. Gliomas are tumors originating from glial cells, which show a range of aggressiveness depending on grade and stage. Many EGFR gene alterations have been identified in gliomas, especially glioblastomas, including amplifications, deletions and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Glioblastomas are discussed as a separate entity due to their high correlation with EGFR mutants and the reported association of the latter with survival and response to treatment in this glioma subgroup. This review is a comprehensive report of EGFR gene alterations and their relations with several clinical factors in glioblastomas and other gliomas. It covers all EGFR gene alterations including point mutations, SNPs, methylations, copy number variations and amplifications, assessed with regard to different clinical variables, including response to therapy and survival. This review also discusses the current prognostic status of EGFR in glioblastomas and other gliomas, and highlights gaps in previous studies. This serves as an update for the medical community about the role of EGFR gene alterations in gliomas and specifically glioblastomas, as a means for targeted treatment and prognosis.
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20
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Macdonald-Obermann JL, Pike LJ. Allosteric regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligand binding by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13401-13414. [PMID: 29997256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a classical receptor tyrosine kinase with an extracellular ligand-binding domain and an intracellular kinase domain. Mutations in the EGF receptor have been shown to drive uncontrolled cell growth and are associated with a number of different tumors. Two different types of ATP-competitive EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been identified that bind to either the active (type I) or inactive (type II) conformation of the kinase domain. Despite the fact that both types of inhibitors block tyrosine kinase activity, they exhibit differential efficacies in different tumor types. Here, we show that in addition to inhibiting kinase activity, these inhibitors allosterically modulate ligand binding. Our data suggest that the conformations of the EGF receptor extracellular domain and intracellular kinase domain are coupled and that these conformations exist in equilibrium. Allosteric regulators, such as the small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as mutations in the EGF receptor itself, shift the conformational equilibrium among the active and inactive species, leading to changes in EGF receptor-binding affinity. Our studies also reveal unexpected positive cooperativity between EGF receptor subunits in dimers formed in the presence of type II inhibitors. These findings indicate that there is strong functional coupling between the intracellular and extracellular domains of this receptor. Such coupling may impact the therapeutic synergy between small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Macdonald-Obermann
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Linda J Pike
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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21
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Ge Y, Zhong Y, Ji G, Lu Q, Dai X, Guo Z, Zhang P, Peng G, Zhang K, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted nanoparticles for MRI of human glioma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195703. [PMID: 29652919 PMCID: PMC5898739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the characterization of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs. Methods Fe3O4@Au-C225 was prepared by the absorption method. The immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate its absorption efficiency at C225 Fc. ZETA SIZER3000 laser particle size analyzer, ultraviolet photometer and its characteristics were analyzed by VSM. the targeting effect of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs on U251 cells in vitro were detected by 7.0 Tesla Micro-MR; and subcutaneous transplanted human glioma in nude mice were performed the targeting effect in vivo after tail vein injection of Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs by MRI. Results The self-prepared Fe3O4@Au composite MNPs can adsorb C225 with high efficiency of adsorption so that Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs were prepared successfully. Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs favorably targeted human glioma cell line U251 in vitro; Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs have good targeting ability to xenografted glioma on nude mice in vivo, and can be traced by MRI. Conclusion The Fe3O4@Au-C225 composite targeted MNPs have the potential to be used as a tracer for glioma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqi Ge
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guozhong Ji
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianling Lu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhirui Guo
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kangzhen Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Liu S, Tang Y, Yuan X, Yuan D, Liu J, Li B, Li Y. Inhibition of Rb and mTOR signaling associates with synergistic anticancer effect of palbociclib and erlotinib in glioblastoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:961-969. [PMID: 29508248 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic studies have established a set of three core-signaling pathways, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) signaling pathways, contributing glioblastoma (GBM) and revealed that dysregulation of at least two pathways is required for GBM progression. In the present study, we investigate efficacy of combination of palbociclib, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, and erlotinib, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor in GBM cell systems with different p53 status. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays showed that the combination treatment synergistically suppressed GBM cell proliferation. LN229 cells with mutant p53 and wild-type PTEN were more sensitive to the combination treatment. Further studies indicated that the synergetic anti-GBM effects were due to cell apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Signaling examination indicated that levels of p-Rb and p-4E-BP1 significantly decreased by the combination treatment; however, Akt and MAPK signaling were differentially suppressed among the three GBM cell lines. Hence, our data demonstrate that palbociclib and erlotinib exert synergistic anti-GBM activity, providing pre-clinical evidence and a proof-ofconcept that usage of the combination of EGFR and CDK4/6 inhibitors for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yunhong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xianrui Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Dun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Buyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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23
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Li J, Liang R, Song C, Xiang Y, Liu Y. Prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in glioma patients. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:731-742. [PMID: 29445288 PMCID: PMC5808691 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s155160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is a great controversy regarding the prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in glioma patients. The current meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of abnormal EGFR expression on overall survival in glioma patients. Materials and methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association between EGFR expression and survival in glioma. Results A total of 476 articles were screened, and 17 articles containing 1,458 patients were selected. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Overexpression of EGFR was found to be an indicator of poor prognosis in overall survival in glioma patients (HR =1.72, 95% CI 1.32-2.25, P=0.000, random effect) and glioblastoma multiforme patients (HR =1.57, 95% CI 1.15-2.14, P=0.004, random effect). Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the source of high heterogeneity. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that high expression of EGFR may serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofei Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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24
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Lai SW, Huang BR, Liu YS, Lin HY, Chen CC, Tsai CF, Lu DY, Lin C. Differential Characterization of Temozolomide-Resistant Human Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010127. [PMID: 29301329 PMCID: PMC5796076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been considered to be one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents to prolong the survival of patients with glioblastoma. Many glioma cells develop drug-resistance against TMZ that is mediated by increasing O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) levels. The expression of connexin 43 was increased in the resistant U251 subline compared with the parental U251 cells. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated regulators, including vimentin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, was reduced in the resistant U251 subline. In addition, the resistant U251 subline exhibited decreased cell migratory activity and monocyte adhesion ability compared to the parental U251 cells. Furthermore, the resistant U251 subline also expressed lower levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 after treatment with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These findings suggest differential characteristics in the drug-resistant GBM from the parental glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Neurosurgery Department, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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25
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Radiation Therapy in High-Grade Gliomas. Radiat Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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26
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Xiao W, Zhang R, Sohrabi A, Ehsanipour A, Sun S, Liang J, Walthers CM, Ta L, Nathanson DA, Seidlits SK. Brain-Mimetic 3D Culture Platforms Allow Investigation of Cooperative Effects of Extracellular Matrix Features on Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2017; 78:1358-1370. [PMID: 29282221 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors exhibit potentially actionable genetic alterations against which targeted therapies have been effective in treatment of other cancers. However, these therapies have largely failed in GBM patients. A notable example is kinase inhibitors of EGFR, which display poor clinical efficacy despite overexpression and/or mutation of EGFR in >50% of GBM. In addressing this issue, preclinical models may be limited by the inability to accurately replicate pathophysiologic interactions of GBM cells with unique aspects of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), which is relatively enriched in hyaluronic acid (HA) and flexible. In this study, we present a brain-mimetic biomaterial ECM platform for 3D culturing of patient-derived GBM cells, with improved pathophysiologic properties as an experimental model. Compared with orthotopic xenograft assays, the novel biomaterial cultures we developed better preserved the physiology and kinetics of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibition than gliomasphere cultures. Orthogonal modulation of both HA content and mechanical properties of biomaterial scaffolds was required to achieve this result. Overall, our findings show how specific interactions between GBM cell receptors and scaffold components contribute significantly to resistance to the cytotoxic effects of EGFR inhibition.Significance: Three-dimensional culture scaffolds of glioblastoma provide a better physiological representation over current methods of patient-derived cell culture and xenograft models. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1358-70. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rongyu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arshia Ehsanipour
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Songping Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jesse Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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27
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Rogawski DS, Vitanza NA, Gauthier AC, Ramaswamy V, Koschmann C. Integrating RNA sequencing into neuro-oncology practice. Transl Res 2017; 189:93-104. [PMID: 28746860 PMCID: PMC5659901 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) cause substantial morbidity and mortality, yet efforts to optimize chemo- and radiotherapy have largely failed to improve dismal prognoses. Over the past decade, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool to comprehensively characterize the transcriptome of CNS tumor cells in one high-throughput step, leading to improved understanding of CNS tumor biology and suggesting new routes for targeted therapies. RNA-seq has been instrumental in improving the diagnostic classification of brain tumors, characterizing oncogenic fusion genes, and shedding light on intratumor heterogeneity. Currently, RNA-seq is beginning to be incorporated into regular neuro-oncology practice in the form of precision neuro-oncology programs, which use information from tumor sequencing to guide implementation of personalized targeted therapies. These programs show great promise in improving patient outcomes for tumors where single agent trials have been ineffective. As RNA-seq is a relatively new technique, many further applications yielding new advances in CNS tumor research and management are expected in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rogawski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | | | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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28
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Kwatra MM. A Rational Approach to Target the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Glioblastoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2017; 17:290-296. [PMID: 28029074 DOI: 10.2174/1568009616666161227091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer, and all attempts to control it have failed so far. However, the future looks bright, as we now know the molecular landscape of GBM through the work of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program. GBMs exhibit significant inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, and to control this type of tumor, a personalized approach is required. One target, whose gene is amplified and mutated in a large number of GBMs, is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). But all attempts to target it have been unsuccessful. We attribute the reason for this failure to the molecular heterogeneity of EGFR in GBM, as well as to the poor brain penetration of previously tested EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In this review, we discuss the molecular heterogeneity of EGFR and provide rational preclinical and clinical guidelines for testing AZD9291, a third generation, irreversible EGFR-TKI with both a high affinity for EGFRvIII and excellent brain penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan M Kwatra
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, P.O. Box 3094, NC 27710, United States
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29
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Abstract
In neuro-oncology, there has been a movement towards personalized medicine, or tailoring treatment to the individual patient. Ideally, tumor and patient evaluations would lead to the selection of the best treatment (based on tumor characterization) and the right dosing schedule (based on patient characterization). The recent advances in the molecular analysis of glioblastoma have created optimism that personalized targeted therapy is within reach. Although our understanding of the molecular complexity of glioblastoma has increased over the years, the path to developing effective targeted therapeutic strategies is wrought with many challenges, as described in this review. These challenges include disease heterogeneity, clinical and genomic patient variability, limited number of effective treatments, clinical trial inefficiency, drug delivery, and clinical trial support and accrual. To confront these challenges, it will be imperative to devise innovative and adaptive clinical trials in order to accelerate our efforts in improving the outcomes for our patients who have been in desperate need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Pei S Weathers
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bloch Bldg. 82, Rm. 235, 9030 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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30
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Liu X, Chong Y, Tu Y, Liu N, Yue C, Qi Z, Liu H, Yao Y, Liu H, Gao S, Niu M, Yu R. CRM1/XPO1 is associated with clinical outcome in glioma and represents a therapeutic target by perturbing multiple core pathways. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:108. [PMID: 27733172 PMCID: PMC5059893 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are associated with a high mortality rate, and effective treatment options are limited. Thus, the development of novel targeted treatments to battle this deadly disease is imperative. METHODS In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of the novel reversible chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1) inhibitor S109 on cell proliferation in human gliomas. S109 was also evaluated in an intracranial glioblastoma xenograft model. RESULTS We found that high expression of CRM1 in glioma is a predictor of short overall survival and poor patient outcome. Our data demonstrate that S109 significantly inhibits the proliferation of human glioma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Notably, we observed that high-grade glioma cells are more sensitive to S109 treatment compared with low-grade glioma cells. In an intracranial mouse model, S109 significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing animals without causing any obvious toxicity. Mechanistically, S109 treatment simultaneously perturbed the three core pathways (the RTK/AKT/Foxos signaling pathway and the p53 and Rb1 tumor-suppressor pathways) implicated in human glioma cells by promoting the nuclear retention of multiple tumor-suppressor proteins. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study highlights the potential role of CRM1 as an attractive molecular target for the treatment of human glioma and indicates that CRM1 inhibition by S109 might represent a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Chong
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Durm Tower Hospital Group, Suqian City People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Tu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenglong Yue
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenglei Qi
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huize Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangfeng Gao
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingshan Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Brain Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Naito Y, Yoshioka Y, Yamamoto Y, Ochiya T. How cancer cells dictate their microenvironment: present roles of extracellular vesicles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:697-713. [PMID: 27582126 PMCID: PMC5272899 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression through secretory molecules, including growth factors and cytokines. Recent advances have revealed that small membrane vesicles, termed extracellular vesicles (EVs), served as a regulatory agent in the intercellular communication of cancer. EVs enable the transfer of functional molecules, including proteins, mRNA and microRNAs (miRNAs), into recipient cells. Cancer cells utilize EVs to dictate the unique phenotype of surrounding cells, thereby promoting cancer progression. Against such "education" by cancer cells, non-tumoral cells suppress cancer initiation and progression via EVs. Therefore, researchers consider EVs to be important cues to clarify the molecular mechanisms of cancer biology. Understanding the functions of EVs in cancer progression is an important aspect of cancer biology that has not been previously elucidated. In this review, we summarize experimental data that indicate the pivotal roles of EVs in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Naito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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32
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhou Y, Jiang F, Chen J, Wang L, Zhang WF. MiR-34a suppresses amphiregulin and tumor metastatic potential of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Oncotarget 2016; 6:7454-69. [PMID: 25762634 PMCID: PMC4480692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-34a is a well-known tumor metastasis inhibitor, but only a few target genes involved in metastasis have been identified. In HNSCC, the role of miR-34a in metastasis has not been fully elaborated, and the target gene of miR-34a is still blind. Here we addressed that, the relative lower expression of miR-34a is associated with HNSCC lymphatic metastasis. HNSCC metastasis was found to be strongly suppressed in vitro and in vivo by over-expressing miR-34a. In order to screen the possible target genes of miR-34a in HNSCC, a microarray-based differential mRNA profiling mediated by miR-34a over-expression was performed, and AREG was identified as a pivotal target. We demonstrated that the mRNA and protein levels of AREG were greatly reduced when forcing miR-34a expression. The correlation between AREG mRNA levels and HNSCC metastatic phenotype was also significant in HNSCC tissues (p < 0.01). Moreover, the results of luciferase assay provided the further evidence that miR-34a degraded AREG mRNA through targeting the 3′-UTR site. Restoration of AREG expression partially rescued miR-34a-mediated cell invasion defects in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Over-expressing miR-34a greatly reduced EGFR and uPA, which were reversed by re-expression of AREG. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-34a targets AREG, and is essential in inhibition of HNSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinming Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Oral Histopathology Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jirong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Nitta Y, Shimizu S, Shishido-Hara Y, Suzuki K, Shiokawa Y, Nagane M. Nimotuzumab enhances temozolomide-induced growth suppression of glioma cells expressing mutant EGFR in vivo. Cancer Med 2016; 5:486-99. [PMID: 26778701 PMCID: PMC4799951 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutant form of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFRvIII, is common in glioblastoma (GBM) and confers enhanced tumorigenic activity and drug resistance. Nimotuzumab, an anti-EGFR antibody, has shown preclinical and clinical activity to GBM, but its specific activity against EGFRvIII has not been fully investigated. Human glioma U87MG or LNZ308 cells overexpressing either wild-type (wt) EGFR or EGFRvIII were treated with nimotuzumab, temozolomide, or both. Expression and phosphorylation status of molecules were determined by Western blot analysis. Methylation status of promoter region of O(6) -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) was detected by methylation-specific PCR. Antitumor activity was tested using nude mice bearing either subcutaneous or intracerebral xenografts along with analyses of EGFR phosphorylation status, proliferation, apoptosis, and vessel density. Nimotuzumab treatment resulted in reduction of EGFRvIII tyrosine phosphorylation with a decrease in Akt phosphorylation that was greater than that of wtEGFR. Correspondingly, antitumor effects, growth suppression and survival elongation, were more significant in mice bearing either subcutaneous or intracerebral tumor expressing EGFRvIII than in those expressing wtEGFR. These effects were markedly increased when temozolomide was combined with nimotuzumab. The post-treatment recurrent brain tumors exhibited a decrease in expression of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, MSH6 and MLH1, but their methylated MGMT status did not changed. Nimotuzumab has in vivo antitumor activity against GBM, especially those expressing EGFRvIII, when combined with temozolomide. This could provide a basis for preselection of patients with GBM by EGFR status who might benefit from the nimotuzumab and temozolomide combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kugayama Hospital, 2-14-20 Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-0061, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Saki Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shishido-Hara
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shiokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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Bi Y, Deng J, Murry DJ, An G. A Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Gefitinib in Mice and Scale-Up to Humans. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 18:228-38. [PMID: 26559435 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gefitinib (Iressa) is a selective and potent EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It received an accelerated FDA approval in 2003 for the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and represents the first-line therapy for NSCLC with EGFR mutations. In the work presented herein, the disposition of gefitinib was investigated extensively in mouse in both plasma and 11 organs (liver, heart, lung, spleen, gut, brain, skin, fat, eye, kidney, and muscle) after a single IV dose of 20 mg/kg. Gefitinib demonstrated extensive distribution in most tissues, except for the brain, and tissue to plasma partition coefficients (K pt) ranged from 0.71 (brain) to 40.5 (liver). A comprehensive whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of gefitinib in mice was developed, which adequately captured gefitinib concentration-time profiles in plasma and various tissues. Predicted plasma and tissue AUC values agreed well with the values calculated using the noncompartmental analysis (<25% difference). The PBPK model was further extrapolated to humans after taking into account the interspecies differences in physiological parameters. The simulated concentrations in human plasma were in line with the observed concentrations in healthy volunteers and patients with solid malignant tumors after both IV infusion and oral administration. Considering the extensive tissue distribution of gefitinib, plasma concentration may not be an ideal surrogate marker for gefitinib exposure at the target site or organ of toxicity (such as the skin). Since our whole-body PBPK model can predict gefitinib concentrations not only in plasma but also in various organs, our model may have clinical applications in efficacy and safety assessment of gefitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Bi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Jiexin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Guohua An
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Ave, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32827, USA.
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Bouchet A, Serduc R, Laissue JA, Djonov V. Effects of microbeam radiation therapy on normal and tumoral blood vessels. Phys Med 2015; 31:634-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Bouchet A, Sakakini N, Atifi ME, Le Clec'h C, Bräuer-Krisch E, Rogalev L, Laissue JA, Rihet P, Le Duc G, Pelletier L. Identification of AREG and PLK1 pathway modulation as a potential key of the response of intracranial 9L tumor to microbeam radiation therapy. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:2705-16. [PMID: 25382544 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) relies on the spatial fractionation of a synchrotron beam into parallel micron-wide beams allowing deposition of hectogray doses. MRT controls the intracranial tumor growth in rodent models while sparing normal brain tissues. Our aim was to identify the early biological processes underlying the differential effect of MRT on tumor and normal brain tissues. The expression of 28,000 transcripts was tested by microarray 6 hr after unidirectional MRT (400 Gy, 50 µm-wide microbeams, 200 µm spacing). The specific response of tumor tissues to MRT consisted in the significant transcriptomic modulation of 431 probesets (316 genes). Among them, 30 were not detected in normal brain tissues, neither before nor after MRT. Areg, Trib3 and Nppb were down-regulated, whereas all others were up-regulated. Twenty-two had similar expression profiles during the 2 weeks observed after MRT, including Ccnb1, Cdc20, Pttg1 and Plk1 related to the mitotic role of the Polo-like kinase (Plk) pathway. The up-regulation of Areg expression may indicate the emergence of survival processes in tumor cells triggered by the irradiation; while the modulation of the "mitotic role of Plk1" pathway, which relates to cytokinetic features of the tumor observed histologically after MRT, may partially explain the control of tumor growth by MRT. The identification of these tumor-specific responses permit to consider new strategies that might potentiate the antitumoral effect of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bouchet
- INSERM U836, Team Nanomedicine and brain, 6 Rue Fortuné Ferrini, F38706, La Tronche, France; Biomedical Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP220, F38043, Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Lin P, An F, Xu X, Zhao L, Liu L, Liu N, Wang P, Liu J, Wang L, Li M. Chronopharmacodynamics and mechanisms of antitumor effect induced by erlotinib in xenograft-bearing nude mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:362-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lin F, de Gooijer MC, Hanekamp D, Brandsma D, Beijnen JH, van Tellingen O. Targeting core (mutated) pathways of high-grade gliomas: challenges of intrinsic resistance and drug efflux. CNS Oncol 2015; 2:271-88. [PMID: 25054467 DOI: 10.2217/cns.13.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and are among the most lethal types of human cancer. Most patients with a high-grade glioma have glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant glioma subtype that is associated with a very aggressive disease course and short overall survival. Standard treatment of newly diagnosed GBM involves surgery followed by chemoradiation with temozolomide. However, despite this extensive treatment the mean overall survival is still only 14.6 months and more effective treatments are urgently needed. Although different types of GBMs are indistinguishable by histopathology, novel molecular pathological techniques allow discrimination between the four main GBM subtypes. Targeting the aberrations in the molecular pathways underlying these subtypes is a promising strategy to improve therapy. In this article, we will discuss the potential avenues and pitfalls of molecularly targeted therapies for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry/Preclinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Klingler S, Guo B, Yao J, Yan H, Zhang L, Vaseva AV, Chen S, Canoll P, Horner JW, Wang YA, Paik JH, Ying H, Zheng H. Development of Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapy in Malignant Glioma Can Occur through EGFR-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2109-19. [PMID: 25808866 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly amplified, mutated, and overexpressed in human malignant gliomas. Despite its prevalence and growth-promoting functions, therapeutic strategies to inhibit EGFR kinase activity have not been translated into profound beneficial effects in glioma clinical trials. To determine the roles of oncogenic EGFR signaling in gliomagenesis and tumor maintenance, we generated a novel glioma mouse model driven by inducible expression of a mutant EGFR (EGFR*). Using combined genetic and pharmacologic interventions, we revealed that EGFR*-driven gliomas were insensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, although they could efficiently inhibit EGFR* autophosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. This is in contrast with the genetic suppression of EGFR* induction that led to significant tumor regression and prolonged animal survival. However, despite their initial response to genetic EGFR* extinction, all tumors would relapse and propagate independent of EGFR*. We further showed that EGFR*-independent tumor cells existed prior to treatment and were responsible for relapse following genetic EGFR* suppression. And, the addition of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor could significantly delay relapse and prolong animal survival. Our findings shed mechanistic insight into EGFR drug resistance in glioma and provide a platform to test therapies targeting aberrant EGFR signaling in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Haiyan Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ling Zhang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | | | - Sida Chen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James W Horner
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji-Hye Paik
- Department of Pathology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongwu Zheng
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
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Messaoudi K, Clavreul A, Lagarce F. Toward an effective strategy in glioblastoma treatment. Part I: resistance mechanisms and strategies to overcome resistance of glioblastoma to temozolomide. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:899-905. [PMID: 25744176 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease and the most lethal of adult brain tumors. Treatment is based on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy by oral temozolomide (TMZ), which is the most potent chemotherapy agent for the treatment of GBM. Despite TMZ efficiency, the prognosis of these tumors remains poor. This is because of inherent or acquired resistance of glioma tumor cells to TMZ. This resistance is caused by DNA repair enzyme activity, overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), galectin-1, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), p53 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutations. Many strategies to overcome this resistance have been developed. In this review, we will describe the main mechanisms of GBM resistance to TMZ and different strategies developed to reverse the phenotype of these tumor cells. Finally, we will discuss the drawbacks and limitations of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Messaoudi
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomedecines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomedecines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Lagarce
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomedecines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France; Service Pharmacie, CHU Angers, France.
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Singh N, Jindal A, Behera D. Erlotinib usage after prior treatment with gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A clinical perspective and review of published literature. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:858-864. [PMID: 25493223 PMCID: PMC4259947 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i5.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erlotinib and gefitinib are among the most widely researched, used and available molecularly targeted therapies for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They are both tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In the past decade, there have been reports on clinical benefit from use of erlotinib after gefitinib failure in NSCLC patients. A review of published literature on this focussed topic is provided herein. Pooled analysis of published literature shows that majority of patients were female (60.6%), non-smokers (64.5%), had adenocarcinoma histology (88.3%) and were of East Asian ethnicity (92.3%). Presence of sensitizing EGFR mutation was detected in 48.4% of subjects. Disease control rates with prior gefitinib therapy and with subsequent erlotinib treatment were 79.4% and 45.4% respectively. Based upon our review, the most important predictive factor for clinical benefit from erlotinib identified was previous response to gefitinib. The exact explanations for the potential benefit from erlotinib use in this patient population is still not known and further studies are required to determine the role of molecular mechanisms especially those related to resistance to initial EGFR TKI therapy.
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Lim SY, Ahn SH, Park H, Lee J, Choi K, Choi C, Choi JH, Park EM, Choi YH. Transcriptional regulation of adrenomedullin by oncostatin M in human astroglioma cells: implications for tumor invasion and migration. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6444. [PMID: 25246098 PMCID: PMC4171698 DOI: 10.1038/srep06444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM), a secretory peptide with multiple functions in physiological to pathological conditions, is upregulated in several human cancers, including brain, breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of ADM expression in cancerous cells are not fully understood. Here, we report that oncostatin M (OSM), a cytokine belonging to the interleukin-6 family, induces ADM expression in astroglioma cells through induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and subsequent DNA binding to the ADM promoter. STAT-3 knockdown decreased OSM-mediated expression of ADM, indicating that ADM expression is regulated by STAT-3 in astroglioma cells. Lastly, scratch wound healing assay showed that astroglioma cell migration was significantly enhanced by ADM peptides. These data suggest that aberrant activation of STAT-3, which is observed in malignant brain tumors, may function as one of the key regulators for ADM expression and glioma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ye Lim
- 1] Department of Physiology, Global Top5 Research Program, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea [2] Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Hee Ahn
- 1] Department of Physiology, Global Top5 Research Program, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea [2] Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunju Park
- 1] Department of Physiology, Global Top5 Research Program, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea [2] Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsul Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyungsun Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Ha Choi
- 1] Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- 1] Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- 1] Department of Physiology, Global Top5 Research Program, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea [2] Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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McNeill RS, Vitucci M, Wu J, Miller CR. Contemporary murine models in preclinical astrocytoma drug development. Neuro Oncol 2014; 17:12-28. [PMID: 25246428 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite 6 decades of research, only 3 drugs have been approved for astrocytomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumors. However, clinical drug development is accelerating with the transition from empirical, cytotoxic therapy to precision, targeted medicine. Preclinical animal model studies are critical for prioritizing drug candidates for clinical development and, ultimately, for their regulatory approval. For decades, only murine models with established tumor cell lines were available for such studies. However, these poorly represent the genomic and biological properties of human astrocytomas, and their preclinical use fails to accurately predict efficacy in clinical trials. Newer models developed over the last 2 decades, including patient-derived xenografts, genetically engineered mice, and genetically engineered cells purified from human brains, more faithfully phenocopy the genomics and biology of human astrocytomas. Harnessing the unique benefits of these models will be required to identify drug targets, define combination therapies that circumvent inherent and acquired resistance mechanisms, and develop molecular biomarkers predictive of drug response and resistance. With increasing recognition of the molecular heterogeneity of astrocytomas, employing multiple, contemporary models in preclinical drug studies promises to increase the efficiency of drug development for specific, molecularly defined subsets of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S McNeill
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Mark Vitucci
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.M., M.V., C.R.M.); Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (J.W.); Department of Neurology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Neurosciences Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (C.R.M.)
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Activation of EGFR signaling from pilocytic astrocytomas to glioblastomas. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e69-77. [PMID: 24170555 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION EGFR analyses allow for better correlation between genotype and phenotype in astrocytomas and represent an attractive therapeutic target. Most studies emphasize analyses of EGFR in glioblastomas (GBMs) but do not analyze all grades of astrocytomas (from pilocytic to GBM). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the status of EGFR (expression, deletion, and amplification) and EGFR protein expression in all grades of astrocytomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed a total of 145 surgical tumor specimens that included: 22 pilocytic astrocytomas, 22 grade II astrocytomas, 17 grade III astrocytomas and 84 GBMs. The specimens were compared to 17 non-neoplastic brain tissues obtained from epilepsy surgery. EGFR expression, EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII analyses were performed by quantitative real-time PCR, and protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS EGFR relative overexpression and EGFR amplification were observed, respectively, in 50% and 20% of astrocytomas, while EGFRvIII was only found in GBMs (34.5%, p=0.005). Amongst EGFR-amplified GBM cases, 59% also presented EGFRvIII (p<0.001). Cytoplasmic accumulation of EGFR protein was detected in 75% of astrocytomas, and 21% of the astrocytomas showed nuclear localization (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS EGFR alterations were found in all grades of astrocytomas, from pilocytic to GBMs, while EGFRvIII was exclusively found in GBMs. These findings provide important information on the mechanisms involved in the progression of astrocytomas for determining whether EGFR status can be used for effective and specific therapy.
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Addeo R, Zappavigna S, Parlato C, Caraglia M. Erlotinib: early clinical development in brain cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1027-37. [PMID: 24836441 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.918950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common brain cancer in adults. It is also, unfortunately, the most aggressive type and the least responsive to therapy. Overexpression of EGFR and/or EGFRvIII is frequently found in GBM and is frequently associated with the more malignant phenotype of the disease and a poor clinical outcome. EGFR-targeted therapy represents a promising anti-GBM therapy. Two EGFR kinase inhibitors, gefitinib and erlotinib have been tested in clinical trials for malignant gliomas. However, the clinical efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapy has been only modest in GBM patients. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an evaluation of erlotinib as a potential therapy for GBM. The authors highlight experiences drawn from clinical trials and discuss the challenges, which include the insufficient penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and chemoresistance. EXPERT OPINION Malignant brain tumours have a very complex signalling network that is not only driven by EGFR. This complexity dictates tumour sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapies. Alternative kinase signalling pathways may be involved in parallel with the inhibited target, so that a single target's inactivation is not sufficient to block downstream oncogenic signalling. The use of nanocarriers offers many opportunities, such as the release of the drug to specific cells or tissues, together with the ability to overcome different biological barriers, like the BBB.
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Stupp R, Brada M, van den Bent MJ, Tonn JC, Pentheroudakis G. High-grade glioma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2014; 25 Suppl 3:iii93-101. [PMID: 24782454 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Stupp
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Brada
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Wirral, UK
| | - M J van den Bent
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J-C Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - G Pentheroudakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Drappatz J, Norden AD, Wen PY. Therapeutic strategies for inhibiting invasion in glioblastoma. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:519-34. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Galvez-Contreras AY, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Gonzalez-Perez O. The role of EGFR and ErbB family related proteins in the oligodendrocyte specification in germinal niches of the adult mammalian brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:258. [PMID: 24381541 PMCID: PMC3865447 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain, multipotent progenitor cells have been identified in three areas: the ventricular-subventricular zone (VZ-SVZ), adjacent to the striatal wall of the lateral ventricles, the subgranular zone (SGZ), located at the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subcallosal zone (SCZ), located between the corpus callosum and the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus. The neural progenitor cells of these regions express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB-1 or HER1). EGF, the most important ligand for the EGFR, is a potent mitogenic agent that stimulates proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation into the oligodendrocyte lineage. Other ErbB receptors also activate several intracellular pathways for oligodendrocyte specification, migration and survival. However, the specific downstream pathways related to oligodendrogenesis and the hierarchic interaction among intracellular signaling cascades is not well-known. We summarize the current data regarding the role of EGFR and ErbB family signaling on neural stem cells and the downstream cascades involved in oligodendrogenesis in the neurogenic niches of the adult brain. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate proliferation, differentiation, migration of oligodendrocytes and myelination is of critical importance for the field of neurobiology and constitutes a crucial step in the design of stem-cell-based therapies for demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Colima Colima, Mexico
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Nathanson DA, Gini B, Mottahedeh J, Visnyei K, Koga T, Gomez G, Eskin A, Hwang K, Wang J, Masui K, Paucar A, Yang H, Ohashi M, Zhu S, Wykosky J, Reed R, Nelson SF, Cloughesy TF, James CD, Rao PN, Kornblum HI, Heath JR, Cavenee WK, Furnari FB, Mischel PS. Targeted therapy resistance mediated by dynamic regulation of extrachromosomal mutant EGFR DNA. Science 2013; 343:72-6. [PMID: 24310612 DOI: 10.1126/science.1241328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to cancer drug resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Single-cell analyses of patient-derived models and clinical samples from glioblastoma patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) demonstrate that tumor cells reversibly up-regulate or suppress mutant EGFR expression, conferring distinct cellular phenotypes to reach an optimal equilibrium for growth. Resistance to EGFR TKIs is shown to occur by elimination of mutant EGFR from extrachromosomal DNA. After drug withdrawal, reemergence of clonal EGFR mutations on extrachromosomal DNA follows. These results indicate a highly specific, dynamic, and adaptive route by which cancers can evade therapies that target oncogenes maintained on extrachromosomal DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Nathanson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Weller M, Kaulich K, Hentschel B, Felsberg J, Gramatzki D, Pietsch T, Simon M, Westphal M, Schackert G, Tonn JC, von Deimling A, Davis T, Weiss WA, Loeffler M, Reifenberger G. Assessment and prognostic significance of the epidermal growth factor receptor vIII mutation in glioblastoma patients treated with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide radiochemotherapy. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2437-47. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Zurich; and Neuroscience Center Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Kaulich
- Department of Neuropathology; University of Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Hentschel
- Institute for Medical Informatics; Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Joerg Felsberg
- Department of Neuropathology; University of Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Gramatzki
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Zurich; and Neuroscience Center Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- Department of Neurosurgery; Technical University of Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Joerg C. Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology; Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - William Andrew Weiss
- Departments of Neurology Pediatrics and Neurological Surgery USCF; San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics; Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology; University of Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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