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El-Sayed ASA, Shindia A, Ammar H, Seadawy MG, Khashana SA. Bioprocessing of Epothilone B from Aspergillus fumigatus under solid state fermentation: Antiproliferative activity, tubulin polymerization and cell cycle analysis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38291363 PMCID: PMC10829302 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epothilone derivatives have been recognized as one of the most powerful anticancer drugs towards solid tumors, for their unique affinity to bind with β-tubulin microtubule arrays, stabilizing their disassembly, causing cell death. Sornagium cellulosum is the main source for Epothilone, however, the fermentation bioprocessing of this myxobacteria is the main challenge for commercial production of Epothilone. The metabolic biosynthetic potency of epothilone by Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophyte of Catharanthus roseus, raises the hope for commercial epothilone production, for their fast growth rate and feasibility of manipulating their secondary metabolites. Thus, nutritional optimization of A. fumigatus for maximizing their epothilone productivity under solid state fermentation process is the objective. The highest yield of epothilone was obtained by growing A. fumigatus on orange peels under solid state fermentation (2.2 μg/g), bioprocessed by the Plackett-Burman design. The chemical structure of the extracted epothilone was resolved from the HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis, with molecular mass 507.2 m/z and identical molecular fragmentation pattern of epothilone B of S. cellulosum. The purified A. fumigatus epothilone had a significant activity towards HepG2 (IC50 0.98 μg/ml), Pancl (IC50 1.5 μg/ml), MCF7 (IC50 3.7 μg/ml) and WI38 (IC50 4.6 μg/ml), as well as a strong anti-tubulin polymerization activity (IC50 0.52 μg/ml) compared to Paclitaxel (2.0 μg/ml). The effect of A. fumigatus epothilone on the immigration ability of HepG2 cells was assessed, as revealed from the wound closure of the monolayer cells that was estimated by ~ 63.7 and 72.5%, in response to the sample and doxorubicin, respectively, compared to negative control. From the Annexin V-PI flow cytometry results, a significant shift of the normal cells to the apoptosis was observed in response to A. fumigatus epothilone by ~ 20 folds compared to control cells, with the highest growth arrest of the HepG2 cells at the G0-G1 stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Shindia
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hala Ammar
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Seadawy
- Biological Prevention Department, Egyptian Ministry of Defense, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar A Khashana
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Villegas C, González-Chavarría I, Burgos V, Iturra-Beiza H, Ulrich H, Paz C. Epothilones as Natural Compounds for Novel Anticancer Drugs Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076063. [PMID: 37047035 PMCID: PMC10093981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epothilone is a natural 16-membered macrolide cytotoxic compound produced by the metabolism of the cellulose-degrading myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. This review summarizes results in the study of epothilones against cancer with preclinical results and clinical studies from 2010-2022. Epothilone have mechanisms of action similar to paclitaxel by inducing tubulin polymerization and apoptosis with low susceptibility to tumor resistance mechanisms. It is active against refractory tumors, being superior to paclitaxel in many respects. Since the discovery of epothilones, several derivatives have been synthesized, and most of them have failed in Phases II and III in clinical trials; however, ixabepilone and utidelone are currently used in clinical practice. There is robust evidence that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment improves using ixabepilone plus capecitabine or utidelone in combination with capecitabine. In recent years innovative synthetic strategies resulted in the synthesis of new epothilone derivatives with improved activity against refractory tumors with better activities when compared to ixabepilone or taxol. These compounds together with specific delivery mechanisms could be developed in anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4800000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Héctor Iturra-Beiza
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4800000, Chile
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Liang Z, Zhang N, Wang X, Zhang J, Li K, Lei T. Epothilone B inactivation of Sirtuin1 promotes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to induce dysfunction and ferroptosis of Schwann cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106350. [PMID: 36496165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epothilone B (EpoB) is an FDA-approved anti-neoplastic agent used to treat metastatic breast cancer; However, its usage is limited due to its severe peripheral neurotoxicity. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death triggered by iron accumulation, and it is induced by lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has been linked to multiple diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we assessed the role of ferroptosis in EpoB-induced neural dysfunction. Our results revealed that EpoB induced ferroptosis, which was significantly reduced by the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1. In addition, EpoB decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the cytochrome c levels in Schwann cells (SCs). The antioxidant MitoTEMPO, which targets the mitochondria, reduced ferroptosis brought on by EpoB. Moreover, we demonstrated that in vivo EpoB-induced myelin degradation and neuronal dysfunction were mitigated by SRT1720, a Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) activator, and by SRT1720 and mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ). Our results suggest that ferroptosis elicited by EpoB is caused by mitochondrial damage mediated by SIRT1 inactivation and that ferroptosis causes neural dysfunction following EpoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Liang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xuankang Wang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kun Li
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Roque DM, Siegel ER, Buza N, Bellone S, Silasi DA, Huang GS, Andikyan V, Clark M, Azodi M, Schwartz PE, Rao GG, Reader JC, Hui P, Tymon-Rosario JR, Harold J, Mauricio D, Zeybek B, Menderes G, Altwerger G, Ratner E, Santin AD. Randomised phase II trial of weekly ixabepilone ± biweekly bevacizumab for platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1695-1703. [PMID: 35149854 PMCID: PMC8853032 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This multi-center RP2 study assessed activity/safety of ixabepilone + bevacizumab compared to ixabepilone in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer. Additional objectives were to examine the role of prior bevacizumab and taxanes, and explore class III-ß-tubulin (TUBB3) as a predictive biomarker. METHODS Participants were randomised to receive ixabepilone 20 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 with (IXA + BEV) or without (IXA) bevacizumab 10 mg/kg days 1, 15 every 28 days. Patients were stratified by prior BEV. The primary endpoint was PFS. OS, safety, and ORR served as secondary endpoints. RESULTS Among 76 evaluable patients who received IXA + BEV (n = 39) compared to IXA (n = 37), the ORR was 33% (n = 13) versus 8% (n = 3)(P = 0.004), durable at 6 months in 37% (n = 14) and 3% (n = 1) (P < 0.001). BEV significantly improved PFS (median:5.5 vs 2.2 months, HR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.19-0.55, P < 0.001) and OS (median:10.0 vs 6.0 months, HR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.31-0.87, P = 0.006). Both regimens were well-tolerated. TUBB3 expression did not predict response. Subgroup analyses revealed minimal effect of prior BEV or taxane resistant/refractory status on response to IXA + BEV. CONCLUSIONS IXA + BEV is a well-tolerated, effective combination for platinum/taxane-resistant ovarian cancer that extends PFS and likely OS relative to IXA monotherapy. Prior receipt of BEV should not preclude the use of IXA + BEV. TUBB3 is not a predictive biomarker. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT3093155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Roque
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric R Siegel
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Natalia Buza
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefania Bellone
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dan-Arin Silasi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mercy Clinic, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gloria S Huang
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vaagn Andikyan
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mitchell Clark
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Masoud Azodi
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter E Schwartz
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gautam G Rao
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jocelyn C Reader
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei Hui
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Justin Harold
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis Mauricio
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Burak Zeybek
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gulden Menderes
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gary Altwerger
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elena Ratner
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Smilow Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Challa VR, Kwon D, Taron M, Fan H, Kang B, Wilson D, Haeckl FPJ, Keerthisinghe S, Linington RG, Britton R. Total synthesis of biselide A. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5534-5543. [PMID: 34168790 PMCID: PMC8179649 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A total synthesis of the marine macrolide biselide A is described that relies on an enantiomerically enriched α-chloroaldehyde as the sole chiral building block. Several strategies to construct the macrocycle are presented including a macrocyclic Reformatsky reaction that ultimately provides access to the natural product in a longest linear sequence of 18 steps. Biological testing of synthetic biselide A suggests this macrolide disrupts cell division through a mechanism related to the regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Overall, this concise synthesis and insight gained into the mechanism of action should inspire medicinal chemistry efforts directed at structurally related anticancer marine macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Rao Challa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew Taron
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hope Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Baldip Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Darryl Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - F P Jake Haeckl
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Sandra Keerthisinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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6
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High-resolution X-ray structure of three microtubule-stabilizing agents in complex with tubulin provide a rationale for drug design. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:330-336. [PMID: 33272565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule is a key component of cytoskeleton and has been considered as an important target for the treatment of cancer. In particular, the tubulin taxane-site inhibitors such as taxol analogs and epothilones have achieved great success in clinical trials. However, the structural basis of many taxane-site inhibitors is still lacking in exploring their mechanism of action. We here reported crystal complex structures for three taxane-site inhibitors, Ixabepilone, Epothilone B, and Epothilone D, which were determined to 2.4 Å, 2.4 Å, and 2.85 Å, respectively. The crystal structures revealed that these taxane-site inhibitors possess similar binding modes to that of Epothilone A at the taxane site, e.g. making critical hydrogen-bonding interactions with multiple residues on the M-loop, which facilitating the tubulin polymerization. Furthermore, we summarized the binding modes of almost all taxane-site inhibitors and identified novel taxane-site ligands with simpler chemical structures through virtual screening. On this basis, new derivatives with higher binding affinity to tubulin were designed and developed, which can form additional hydrogen bond interactions with tubulin. Overall, this work determined the mechanism of action of epothilones and provided a structural basis to design reasonably novel taxane-site inhibitors with simpler structure and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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7
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Production and bioprocess optimization of antitumor Epothilone B analogue from Aspergillus fumigatus, endophyte of Catharanthus roseus, with response surface methodology. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 143:109718. [PMID: 33375978 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epothilones are secondary metabolites produced by Sorangium cellulosum with powerful antiproliferative activity against tumor cells by stabilizing their microtubule arrays, arresting their cellular division at G2-M phase. Unfortunately, the lower yield of epothilone is the challenge for its higher accessibility, thus, searching for alternative sources with promising epothilone producing potency is the prospective. Endophytic fungi are the potential repertoire for bioactive metabolites, thus exploring the epothilone producing potency of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants was objective. Thirty-two fungal isolates were recovered from the tested medicinal plants and their potency to produced epothilone have been assessed using the TLC, HPLC and molecular markers epoA, epoC and epoK. Aspergillus fumigatus EFBL, an endophyte of Catharanthus roseus, was the potent epothilone producer (21.5 μg/g biomass) as revealed from the chromatographic analyses and PCR of molecular markers. The chemical identity of extracted epothilone was verified from the HPLC, NMR, FTIR and LC-MS analyses as epothilone B analogue. The putative epoA gene from A. fumigatus was amplified using RT-PCR with the conservative corresponding primers to the active-sites of S. cellulosum. The amplicons of epoA was 517 bp displayed 98 % similarity with A. fumigatus PKS-NRPS domains, and 40 % similarity with epoA of S. cellulosum. From the in silico analyses, Val506, Ala605 and Ser630 are the conservative amino acids of epoA protein of A. fumigatus and S. cellulosum. Epothilone B from A. fumigatus displayed a strong antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7 and LS174 T as revealed from the IC50 values 6.4, 8.7 and 10.21 μM, respectively. The productivity of epothilone B from A. fumigatus was optimized by surface response methodology with Plackett-Burman and Faced Centered Central Composite. With the Plackett-Burman design, the yield of epothilone (54.4-60.1 μg/g biomass) by A. fumigatus was increased by about 2.8-3.0 folds comparing to non-optimized cultures (21.5 μg/ g biomass). From the FCCD design, sucrose, tryptone and incubation time being the highest significant variables medium components affecting the epothilone yield of A. fumigatus. This is the first report exploring the feasibility of endophytic fungi for epothilone producing potency, that could be a novel platform for industrial production of epothilone.
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8
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Azizian K, Pustokhina I, Ghanavati R, Hamblin MR, Amini A, Kouhsari E. The potential use of theranostic bacteria in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4184-4194. [PMID: 33174198 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy approaches have not been fully successful in the treatment of cancer, due to limitations imposed by the pathophysiology of solid tumors, leading to nonspecific drug uptake by healthy cells, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. Thus, novel therapeutic modalities for more efficient cancer treatment are urgently required. Living bacteria can be used as a theranostic approach for the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Herein, we summarize the currently available literature focused on the advantages and challenges for the use of theranostic bacteria in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Azizian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Inna Pustokhina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Abolfazl Amini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Kouhsari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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9
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Chuang SH, Lee YSE, Huang LYL, Chen CK, Lai CL, Lin YH, Yang JY, Yang SC, Chang LH, Chen CH, Liu CW, Lin HS, Lee YR, Huang KP, Fu KC, Jen HM, Lai JY, Jian PS, Wang YC, Hsueh WY, Tsai PY, Hong WH, Chang CC, Wu DZ, Wu J, Chen MH, Yu KM, Chern CY, Chang JM, Lau JYN, Huang JJ. Discovery of T-1101 tosylate as a first-in-class clinical candidate for Hec1/Nek2 inhibition in cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112118. [PMID: 32113126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly expressed in cancer 1 (Hec1) plays an essential role in mitosis and is correlated with cancer formation, progression, and survival. Phosphorylation of Hec1 by Nek2 kinase is essential for its mitotic function, thus any disruption of Hec1/Nek2 protein-protein interaction has potential for cancer therapy. We have developed T-1101 tosylate (9j tosylate, 9j formerly known as TAI-95), optimized from 4-aryl-N-pyridinylcarbonyl-2-aminothiazole of scaffold 9 by introducing various C-4' substituents to enhance potency and water solubility, as a first-in-class oral clinical candidate for Hec1 inhibition with potential for cancer therapy. T-1101 has good oral absorption, along with potent in vitro antiproliferative activity (IC50: 14.8-21.5 nM). It can achieve high concentrations in Huh-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor tissues, and showed promise in antitumor activity in mice bearing human tumor xenografts of liver cancer (Huh-7), as well as of breast cancer (BT474, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7) with oral administration. Oral co-administration of T-1101 halved the dose of sorafenib (25 mg/kg to 12.5 mg/kg) required to exhibit comparable in vivo activity towards Huh-7 xenografts. Cellular events resulting from Hec1/Nek2 inhibition with T-1101 treatment include Nek2 degradation, chromosomal misalignment, and apoptotic cell death. A combination of T-1101 with either of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and topotecan in select cancer cells also resulted in synergistic effects. Inactivity of T-1101 on non-cancerous cells, a panel of kinases, and hERG demonstrates cancer specificity, target specificity, and cardiac safety, respectively. Subsequent salt screening showed that T-1101 tosylate has good oral AUC (62.5 μM·h), bioavailability (F = 77.4%), and thermal stability. T-1101 tosylate is currently in phase I clinical trials as an orally administered drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Chuang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shuan E Lee
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Lynn Y L Huang
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lai
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ying Yang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chuan Yang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hsiang Chang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Chen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liu
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Her-Sheng Lin
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lee
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Pin Huang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chu Fu
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Min Jen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yu Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shiou Jian
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yun Hsueh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Tsai
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hua Hong
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Diana Zc Wu
- Xenobiotic Laboratories, Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA
| | - Jinn Wu
- Xenobiotic Laboratories, Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA
| | - Meng-Hsin Chen
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ming Yu
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Ching Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Johnson Y N Lau
- Taivex Therapeutics Corporation, 2nd Floor, Dongxing Rd., Songshan Dist., Taipei City, 10511, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jyh Huang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Research Park, Taipei City, 11571, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, No. 300, Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan.
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10
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Zhu W, Hao L, Liu X, Borrás-Hidalgo O, Zhang Y. Enhanced anti-proliferative efficacy of epothilone B loaded with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 bacterial ghosts on the HeLa cells by mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1449855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Lujiang Hao
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Orlando Borrás-Hidalgo
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Microbial Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
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11
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Wu S, Guo Z, Hopkins CD, Wei N, Chu E, Wipf P, Schmitz JC. Bis-cyclopropane analog of disorazole C1 is a microtubule-destabilizing agent active in ABCB1-overexpressing human colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40866-79. [PMID: 26506423 PMCID: PMC4747374 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel, chemically stabilized disorazole analog, (−)-CP2-disorazole C1 (1) displayed potent anti-proliferative activity against a broad-spectrum of human colorectal cancer cells. HCT15 and H630R1 cell lines expressing high basal levels of the ABCB1 protein, known to cause multi-drug resistance, were also sensitive to growth inhibition by 1 but were resistant to both vincristine and docetaxel, two commonly used microtubule inhibitors. Compound 1 exhibited strong inhibition of tubulin polymerization at a level comparable to vincristine. In addition, treatment with 1 resulted in decreased protein levels of β-tubulin but not α-tubulin. An analysis of cellular proteins known to interact with microtubules showed that 1 caused decreased expression of c-Myc, APC, Rb, and additional key cellular signaling pathways in CRC cells. Treatment with compound 1 also resulted in G2/M cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, but not senescence. Furthermore, endothelial spheroid sprouting assays demonstrated that 1 suppressed angiogenesis and can, therefore, potentially prevent cancer cells from spreading and metastasizing. Taken together, these findings suggest that the microtubule disruptor 1 may be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhijian Guo
- Department of Nephrology, NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chad D Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ning Wei
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - John C Schmitz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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12
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An F, Zhao WJ, Tang L, Qiu RG. Concentration-dependent differential effects of an epothilone analog on cell cycle and p53 signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1361-8. [PMID: 26177745 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is considered to be one of the most important transport hubs of cell signal transduction, playing critical roles in the control of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and many other processes as a nuclear transcription factor. p53 also acts in the cytoplasm to trigger apoptosis. Paclitaxel and other microtubule inhibitors can inhibit the growth of different types of cancer cells and induce apoptosis which is believed to be p53-independent. In the present study, we demonstrated that UTD1, a genetically engineered epothilone analog and a new microtubule inhibitor, activated p53 as a transcription factor at low concentrations demonstrated by its enhanced transcriptional activity and accumulation of p21, which led to cell cycle arrest. However, at high concentrations of UTD1, p53 was accumulated in the cytoplasm which contributed to induction of apoptosis. These observations indicate that the epothilone analog has differential effects on intracellular signaling and implies that p53 plays different roles in cells exposed to different concentrations of the anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan An
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhao
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Li Tang
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Guo Qiu
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
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13
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Rogalska A, Marczak A. Epothilone B induces human ovarian cancer OV-90 cell apoptosis via external pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:700-712. [PMID: 25721485 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated molecular events associated with apoptosis induced by Epothilone B (EpoB, Patupilone) and paclitaxel (PTX) in human ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma cell line (OV-90). Epothilones are compounds of natural origin with mechanisms of action similar to taxanes, but with more potent antiproliferative activity. Apoptosis was one of the major forms of cell death induced by EpoB. The mode of cell death was assessed colorimetrically, fluorimetrically, cytometry, and by immunoblot analyses through measuring DNA fragmentation, the level of TRAIL, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3. We measured also additional markers of apoptosis, like phosphatidylserine externalization and morphological changes. Moreover, we estimated glycoprotein P (P-gp) activity in OV-90 ovarian cancer cell line. The studies indicated that the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, which is triggered by certain TNF family members and engages their respective receptors on the surface of the target cell, was predominant. We were the first to have demonstrated (using immunoassay) the release of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) after treatment with EpoB. EpoB and PTX mediate activation of both initiator caspases-8 and -9, leading to the appearance of caspase-3. In EpoB treated cells, DNA fragmentation was also detected. EpoB leads to the reduction in DNA repair capacity. In summary, we report that Epothilone B induces apoptosis in OV-90 cells via a TRAIL and caspase 8-dependent pathway. PTX leads to smaller apoptotic events in comparison to EpoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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14
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Yang H, Zhang Z, Tang W, Ren L, Wang D, Sun F, Zheng W. Preparative Isolation and Purification of Epothilones from Sorangium cellulosum Fermentation Broth by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.883541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huangjian Yang
- a Fujian Institute of Microbiology , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Zhulan Zhang
- a Fujian Institute of Microbiology , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Wenli Tang
- a Fujian Institute of Microbiology , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Linying Ren
- a Fujian Institute of Microbiology , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Desen Wang
- a Fujian Institute of Microbiology , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Fei Sun
- a Fujian Institute of Microbiology , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Wei Zheng
- a Fujian Institute of Microbiology , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
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15
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Annunziata CM, Kohn EC. Novel Facts About FAK: New Connections to Drug Resistance? J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1430-1. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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16
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Rogalska A, Szula E, Gajek A, Marczak A, Jóźwiak Z. Activation of apoptotic pathway in normal, cancer ovarian cells by epothilone B. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:600-610. [PMID: 23838010 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The epothilones, a new class of microtubule-targeting agents, seem to be a very promising alternative to the current strategy of cancer treatment. We have analyzed the aspects of epothilone B (Epo B) on cellular metabolism of tumor (OV-90) and normal (MM 14) ovarian cells. The observed effects were compared with those of paclitaxel (PTX), which is now a standard for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The results provide direct evidence that Epo B is considerably more cytotoxic to human OV-90 ovarian cancer cells than PTX. We have found, that antitumor efficacy of this new drug is related to its apoptosis-inducing ability, which was confirmed during measurements typical markers of the process. Epo B induced changes in morphology of cells, mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. Also a slight increase of the intracellular calcium level was observed. Moreover, we have found that ROS production, stimulated by Epo B, is directly involved in the induction of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Szula
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Jóźwiak
- Department of Thermobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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17
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Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic filamentous cytoskeletal proteins that are responsible for cellular integrity and architecture, mitosis, intracellular transport, cell signaling, and gene expression. Tubulin exists in the cell as dimers of α and β subunits, which complexes with a variety of regulatory proteins. There is a dynamic equilibrium between free and polymerized tubulin causing a state called "dynamic instability," which is a target of anticancer drugs, which inhibit tubulin through polymerization (taxanes, epothilones) or depolymerization (vinca alkaloids). Docetaxel-based therapy was the first such treatment to demonstrate a survival benefit in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cabazitaxel, an antitubulin agent, which demonstrates activity in multidrug- and docetaxel-resistant cancer cell lines, demonstrates a survival benefit over mitoxantrone and prednisone in patients who have failed docetaxel-based chemotherapy. This article reviews the use of antitubulin agents in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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18
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Epothilone O, a new member of this family from Sorangium cellulosum strain So0157-2. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:285-6. [PMID: 23340664 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Shi G, Wang Y, Jin Y, Chi S, Shi Q, Ge M, Wang S, Zhang X, Xu S. Structural insight into the mechanism of epothilone A bound to beta-tubulin and its mutants at Arg282Gln and Thr274Ile. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 30:559-73. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.687522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Petrone PM, Simms B, Nigsch F, Lounkine E, Kutchukian P, Cornett A, Deng Z, Davies JW, Jenkins JL, Glick M. Rethinking molecular similarity: comparing compounds on the basis of biological activity. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1399-409. [PMID: 22594495 DOI: 10.1021/cb3001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of high-throughput screening (HTS), there has been an urgent need for methods that facilitate the interrogation of large-scale chemical biology data to build a mode of action (MoA) hypothesis. This can be done either prior to the HTS by subset design of compounds with known MoA or post HTS by data annotation and mining. To enable this process, we developed a tool that compares compounds solely on the basis of their bioactivity: the chemical biological descriptor "high-throughput screening fingerprint" (HTS-FP). In the current embodiment, data are aggregated from 195 biochemical and cell-based assays developed at Novartis and can be used to identify bioactivity relationships among the in-house collection comprising ~1.5 million compounds. We demonstrate the value of the HTS-FP for virtual screening and in particular scaffold hopping. HTS-FP outperforms state of the art methods in several aspects, retrieving bioactive compounds with remarkable chemical dissimilarity to a probe structure. We also apply HTS-FP for the design of screening subsets in HTS. Using retrospective data, we show that a biodiverse selection of plates performs significantly better than a chemically diverse selection of plates, both in terms of number of hits and diversity of chemotypes retrieved. This is also true in the case of hit expansion predictions using HTS-FP similarity. Sets of compounds clustered with HTS-FP are biologically meaningful, in the sense that these clusters enrich for genes and gene ontology (GO) terms, showing that compounds that are bioactively similar also tend to target proteins that operate together in the cell. HTS-FP are valuable not only because of their predictive power but mainly because they relate compounds solely on the basis of bioactivity, harnessing the accumulated knowledge of a high-throughput screening facility toward the understanding of how compounds interact with the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Petrone
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin Simms
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eugen Lounkine
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Kutchukian
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Allen Cornett
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhan Deng
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John W. Davies
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremy L. Jenkins
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Meir Glick
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., 250 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Kelly KR, Zollinger M, Lozac’h F, Tan E, Mita A, Waldmeier F, Urban P, Anand S, Wang Y, Swart P, Takimoto C, Mita M. Metabolism of patupilone in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:605-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Entwistle RA, Rizk RS, Cheng DM, Lushington GH, Himes RH, Gupta ML. Differentiating between models of epothilone binding to microtubules using tubulin mutagenesis, cytotoxicity, and molecular modeling. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1580-6. [PMID: 22807375 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule stabilizers are powerful antimitotic compounds and represent a proven cancer treatment strategy. Several classes of compounds in clinical use or trials, such as the taxanes and epothilones, bind to the same region of β-tubulin. Determining how these molecules interact with tubulin and stabilize microtubules is important both for understanding the mechanism of action and enhancing chemotherapeutic potential, for example, minimizing side effects, increasing solubility, and overcoming resistance. Structural studies using non-polymerized tubulin or stabilized polymers have produced different models of epothilone binding. In this study we used directed mutagenesis of the binding site on Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-tubulin to analyze interactions between epothilone B and its biologically relevant substrate, dynamic microtubules. Five engineered amino acid changes contributed to a 125-fold increase in epothilone B cytotoxicity independent of inherent microtubule stability. The mutagenesis of endogenous β-tubulin was done in otherwise isogenic strains. This facilitated the correlation of amino acid substitutions with altered cytotoxicity using molecular mechanics simulations. The results, which are based on the interaction between epothilone B and dynamic microtubules, most strongly support the binding mode determined by NMR spectroscopy-based studies. This work establishes a system for discriminating between potential binding modes and among various compounds and/or analogues using a sensitive biological activity-based readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Entwistle
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
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23
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Coderch C, Klett J, Morreale A, Díaz JF, Gago F. Comparative Binding Energy (COMBINE) Analysis Supports a Proposal for the Binding Mode of Epothilones to β-Tubulin. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:836-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Exposure–Response Relationship of the Synthetic Epothilone Sagopilone in a Peripheral Neurotoxicity Rat Model. Neurotox Res 2011; 22:91-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Wang JD, Jiang N, Zhang H, Ying LP, Wang CX, Xiang WS, Wu B, Wang HB, Bai H. New epothilone congeners fromSorangium cellulosumstrain So0157-2. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1707-12. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.553719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Specific β-tubulin isotypes can functionally enhance or diminish epothilone B sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21717. [PMID: 21738778 PMCID: PMC3126859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epothilones are a new class of microtubule stabilizing agents with promising preclinical and clinical activity. Their cellular target is β-tubulin and factors influencing intrinsic sensitivity to epothilones are not well understood. In this study, the functional significance of specific β-tubulin isotypes in intrinsic sensitivity to epothilone B was investigated using siRNA gene knockdown against βII-, βIII- or βIVb-tubulins in two independent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, NCI-H460 and Calu-6. Drug-treated clonogenic assays showed that sensitivity to epothilone B was not altered following knockdown of βII-tubulin in both NSCLC cell lines. In contrast, knockdown of βIII-tubulin significantly increased sensitivity to epothilone B. Interestingly, βIVb-tubulin knockdowns were significantly less sensitive to epothilone B, compared to mock- and control siRNA cells. Cell cycle analysis of βIII-tubulin knockdown cells showed a higher percentage of cell death with epothilone B concentrations as low as 0.5 nM. In contrast, βIVb-tubulin knockdown cells displayed a decrease in epothilone B-induced G2-M cell cycle accumulation compared to control siRNA cells. Importantly, βIII-tubulin knockdowns displayed a significant dose-dependent increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells upon treatment with epothilone B, as detected using caspase 3/7 activity and Annexin-V staining. Higher concentrations of epothilone B were required to induce apoptosis in the βIVb-tubulin knockdowns compared to control siRNA, highlighting a potential mechanism underlying decreased sensitivity to this agent. This study demonstrates that specific β-tubulin isotypes can influence sensitivity to epothilone B and may influence differential sensitivity to this promising new agent.
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28
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Vacchelli E, Kroemer G. Cell death signaling and anticancer therapy. Front Oncol 2011; 1:5. [PMID: 22655227 PMCID: PMC3356092 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2011.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, it was commonly believed that efficient anticancer regimens would either trigger the apoptotic demise of tumor cells or induce a permanent arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, i.e., senescence. The recent discovery that necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion and the increasingly more precise characterization of the underlying molecular mechanisms have raised great interest, as non-apoptotic pathways might be instrumental to circumvent the resistance of cancer cells to conventional, pro-apoptotic therapeutic regimens. Moreover, it has been shown that some anticancer regimens engage lethal signaling cascades that can ignite multiple oncosuppressive mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence. Among these signaling pathways is mitotic catastrophe, whose role as a bona fide cell death mechanism has recently been reconsidered. Thus, anticancer regimens get ever more sophisticated, and often distinct strategies are combined to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. In this review, we will discuss the importance of apoptosis, necrosis, and mitotic catastrophe in the response of tumor cells to the most common clinically employed and experimental anticancer agents.
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29
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Zhang P, Sun M, Qiu R, Tang L, Dou G, Xu B. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of UTD1, a genetically engineered epothilone analog in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 68:971-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Identifying Subsets of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Likely to Benefit From Treatment With the Epothilone B Analog Ixabepilone. Am J Clin Oncol 2010; 33:561-7. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e3181c4c6ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who develop resistance to anthracyclines and taxanes have limited therapeutic options. There is an unmet need for agents that can overcome tumor resistance and are effective in treating drug-resistant disease. The novel epothilone B analog, ixabepilone, binds to β-tubulin and stabilizes microtubules, leading to growth inhibition and apoptosis. Ixabepilone is able to overcome common mechanisms of resistance that limit the efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines, taxanes, and capecitabine. Single-agent ixabepilone has clinical activity and a manageable safety profile against several different solid tumors including MBC, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and prostate cancer. Several phase II and III trials have demonstrated that ixabepilone-as monotherapy and in combination with capecitabine-is active in patients with pretreated or resistant MBC. Ixabepilone is the first epothilone approved for use as monotherapy or in combination with capecitabine in the treatment of metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer that is resistant or refractory to anthracyclines, taxanes, and/or capecitabine. Further clinical studies are evaluating the combination of ixabepilone with targeted agents such as trastuzumab or bevacizumab to further define the role of this novel agent in the treatment of MBC.
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32
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Antitumor Activity of IMC-038525, a Novel Oral Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor. Transl Oncol 2010; 3:318-25. [PMID: 20885894 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.10160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are a well-validated target for anticancer therapy. Molecules that bind tubulin affect dynamic instability of microtubules causing mitotic arrest of proliferating cells, leading to cell death and tumor growth inhibition. Natural antitubulin agents such as taxanes and Vinca alkaloids have been successful in the treatment of cancer; however, several limitations have encouraged the development of synthetic small molecule inhibitors of tubulin function. We have previously reported the discovery of two novel chemical series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, triazoles (Ouyang et al. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 1,2,4-triazoles as a novel class of potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005; 15:5154-5159) and oxadiazole derivatives (Ouyang et al. Oxadiazole derivatives as a novel class of antimitotic agents: synthesis, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and activity in tumor cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006; 16:1191-1196). Here, we report on the anticancer effects of a lead oxadiazole derivative in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, IMC-038525 caused mitotic arrest at nanomolar concentrations in epidermoid carcinoma and breast tumor cells, including multidrug-resistant cells. In vivo, IMC-038525 had a desirable pharmacokinetic profile with sustained plasma levels after oral dosing. IMC-038525 reduced subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth with significantly greater efficacy than the taxane paclitaxel. At efficacious doses, IMC-038525 did not cause substantial myelosuppression or peripheral neurotoxicity, as evaluated by neutrophil counts and changes in myelination of the sciatic nerve, respectively. These data indicate that IMC-038525 is a promising candidate for further development as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Higher sensitivity to patupilone versus paclitaxel chemotherapy in primary uterine serous papillary carcinoma cell lines with high versus low HER-2/neu expression in vitro. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 119:140-5. [PMID: 20673976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the in vitro sensitivity/resistance to patupilone versus paclitaxel in uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) with high versus low HER-2/neu expression. METHODS Six primary USPC cell lines, half of which overexpress HER-2/neu at a 3+ level, were evaluated for growth rate and tested for their in vitro sensitivity/resistance to patupilone versus paclitaxel by MTS assays. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to identify potential mechanisms underlying the differential sensitivity/resistance to patupilone versus paclitaxel in primary USPC cell lines. RESULTS Cell lines overexpressing HER-2/neu showed higher proliferation when compared to low HER-2/neu-expressing cell lines. Compared to low-expressing cell lines, high HER-2/neu expressors were significantly more sensitive to patupilone than to paclitaxel (P<0.0002). In contrast, there was no appreciable difference in sensitivity to patupilone versus paclitaxel in primary USPC cell lines with low HER-2/neu expression. Higher levels of β-tubulin III (TUBB3) and P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) were detected in USPC cell lines with high versus low HER-2/neu expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS USPC overexpressing HER-2/neu display greater in vitro sensitivity to patupilone and higher levels of the patupilone molecular target TUBB3 when compared to low HER-2/neu expressors. Due to the adverse prognosis associated with HER-2/neu overexpression in USPC patients, patupilone may represent a promising novel drug to combine to platinum compounds in this subset of aggressive endometrial tumors.
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Yardley DA. Visceral Disease in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: Efficacy and Safety of Treatment With Ixabepilone and Other Chemotherapeutic Agents. Clin Breast Cancer 2010; 10:64-73. [DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2010.n.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wong ST, Goodin S. Overcoming drug resistance in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Pharmacotherapy 2009; 29:954-65. [PMID: 19637949 DOI: 10.1592/phco.29.8.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is generally considered to be incurable, with response rates and duration of response progressively declining with subsequent lines of treatment. Tumors are either intrinsically resistant to systemic therapy or acquire resistance at some point during multiple courses of therapy. Mechanisms of drug resistance are numerous and include accelerated drug efflux, drug activation and inactivation, alterations in drug target, processing of drug-induced damage, and evasion of apoptosis. Targeted anticancer agents for the treatment of breast cancer, such as hormonal agents or the more recently approved epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, are also associated with intrinsic and acquired resistance. A variety of strategies have been devised to prevent or overcome resistance to systemic anticancer therapy, including drug combinations and sequential regimens. However, it appears that resistance to established cytotoxic and targeted agents is inevitable. Novel agents with reduced susceptibility to resistance may prevent or delay the emergence of resistance and improve survival in patients with common solid tumors, including metastatic breast cancer. We are hopeful that further elucidation of the cellular and molecular processes that allow tumor cells to develop resistance and the use of new agents to combat these mechanisms will improve outcomes for patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena T Wong
- Department of Medicine, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
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Perez EA. Microtubule inhibitors: Differentiating tubulin-inhibiting agents based on mechanisms of action, clinical activity, and resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2086-95. [PMID: 19671735 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are important cellular targets for anticancer therapy because of their key role in mitosis. Microtubule inhibitors (MTI) such as taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and epothilones stabilize or destabilize microtubules, thereby suppressing microtubule dynamics required for proper mitotic function, effectively blocking cell cycle progression and resulting in apoptosis. In spite of their antitumor activity, innate or acquired drug resistance to MTIs such as the taxanes is common, limiting their overall clinical efficacy. Further insight into the mechanisms of action of microtubule-targeting drugs has lead to the discovery of novel agents that may provide higher efficacy with limited toxicity and help overcome resistance to conventional MTIs. This review will focus on the different mechanisms of action of MTIs, potential factors related to resistance and tolerability, and will discuss the recent approval as well as the development of new antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith A Perez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA.
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Five new epothilone metabolites from Sorangium cellulosum strain So0157-2. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:483-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bone marrow CFU-GM and human tumor xenograft efficacy of three tubulin binding agents. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 64:1029-38. [PMID: 19277662 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-0959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dynamic instability of microtubules in cells is one of the key targets of anticancer therapeutics. Microtubule-disrupting agents such as vinca alkaloids and microtubule-stabilizing agents such as taxanes are important antitumor agents. The bone marrow toxicity and human tumor xenograft activity of three tubulin-binding compounds, vincristine, paclitaxel, and tasidotin were compared. METHODS Mouse and human bone marrow were subjected to colony-forming (CFU-GM) assays over a 5-log concentration range in culture. In vivo, a range of tasidotin doses was compared with vincristine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel for efficacy in several human tumor xenografts. RESULTS The IC(90) concentrations for vincristine and paclitaxel for mouse CFU-GM were 30 and 27 nM, and for human CFU-GM were 3 and 9 nM, giving mouse to human differentials of ten- and threefold. Tasidotin produced IC(90)s of >300 nM in mouse and 65 nM in human CFU-GM, thus a >4.6-fold differential between species. In vivo, tasidotin resulted in a dose-dependent increase in tumor growth delay in the RL lymphoma, the RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma, and MX-1 breast carcinoma models. Vincristine and tasidotin were also very effective against these tumors. The PC-3 prostate carcinoma was very responsive to full-dose paclitaxel and docetaxel while tasidotin generated a dose dependent effect. CONCLUSIONS Bringing together bone marrow toxicity data, pharmacokinetic parameters, and human tumor xenograft efficacy provides valuable information for the translation of preclinical findings to the clinic.
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Mozzetti S, Iantomasi R, De Maria I, Prislei S, Mariani M, Camperchioli A, Bartollino S, Gallo D, Scambia G, Ferlini C. Molecular mechanisms of patupilone resistance. Cancer Res 2009; 68:10197-204. [PMID: 19074887 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patupilone is an epothilone in advanced clinical development that has shown promising efficacy in heavily pretreated patients. This study aimed at characterizing the mechanisms of patupilone activity in resistant patients. To this end, we generated patupilone-resistant cells using two cellular models, the first characterized by high chemosensitivity and low class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) expression (A2780), and the second by low chemosensitivity and high TUBB3 expression (OVCAR-3). The obtained cell lines were named EPO3 and OVCAR-EPO, respectively. The same selection procedure was done in A2780 cells to generate a paclitaxel-resistant cell line (TAX50). Factors of resistance are expected to increase in the drug-resistant cell lines, whereas factors of drug sensitivity will be down-regulated. Using this approach, we found up-regulation of TUBB3 in TAX50, but not EPO3, cells, showing that TUBB3 mediates the resistance to paclitaxel but not to patupilone. Moreover, TUBB3 was a factor of patupilone sensitivity because OVCAR-EPO cells exhibited a dramatic reduction of TUBB3 and a concomitant sensitization to hypoxia and cisplatin-based chemotherapy. To identify the mechanisms underlying patupilone resistance, tubulin genes were sequenced, thereby revealing that a prominent mechanism of drug resistance is represented by point mutations in class I beta-tubulin. Overall, these results suggest that paclitaxel and patupilone have nonoverlapping mechanisms of resistance, thus allowing the use of patupilone for those patients relapsing after paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, patupilone represents a promising first-line option for the treatment of high-risk ovarian cancer patients, who exhibit high TUBB3 levels and poor response to standard paclitaxel-platin chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Hypoxia/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Epothilones/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Point Mutation
- Protein Isoforms
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Tubulin/biosynthesis
- Tubulin/genetics
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mozzetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Antineoplastic Pharmacology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Hopper-Borge E, Xu X, Shen T, Shi Z, Chen ZS, Kruh GD. Human multidrug resistance protein 7 (ABCC10) is a resistance factor for nucleoside analogues and epothilone B. Cancer Res 2009; 69:178-84. [PMID: 19118001 PMCID: PMC2745904 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7; ABCC10) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter which is able to transport amphipathic anions and confer resistance to docetaxel and, to a lesser extent, vincristine and paclitaxel. Whereas some detail on the resistance profile of MRP7 is known, the activities of the pump have not been completely determined. Here, it is shown by the analysis of MRP7-transfected HEK293 cells that, in addition to natural product agents, MRP7 is also able to confer resistance to nucleoside-based agents, such as the anticancer agents cytarabine (Ara-C) and gemcitabine, and the antiviral agents 2',3'-dideoxycytidine and PMEA. Consistent with the operation of an efflux pump, expression of MRP7 reduced the accumulation of Ara-C and PMEA. In addition, MRP7 is also able to confer resistance to the microtubule-stabilizing agent epothilone B. Ectopic expression of MRP7 in mouse embryo fibroblasts deficient in P-glycoprotein and Mrp1 revealed that MRP7 has a broad resistance profile for natural product agents. In this drug-sensitive cellular background, MRP7 conferred high levels of resistance to docetaxel (46-fold), paclitaxel (116-fold), SN-38 (65-fold), daunorubicin (7.5-fold), etoposide (11-fold), and vincristine (56-fold). Buthionine sulfoximine did not attenuate MRP7-conferred resistance to docetaxel or Ara-C. These experiments indicate that the resistance capabilities of MRP7 include nucleoside-based agents and a range of natural product anticancer agents that includes nontaxane antimicrotubule agents that are not susceptible to P-glycoprotein-mediated transport and that, unlike MRP1 and MRP2, MRP7-mediated drug transport does not involve glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hopper-Borge
- Medical and Basic Science Divisions, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Borzilleri RM, Vite GD. Chapter 15 Case History: Discovery of Ixabepilone (IXEMPRATM), a First-in-Class Epothilone Analog for Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(09)04415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Abstract
Epothilones are a new class of antimicrotubule agents currently in clinical trials. Their chemical structures are distinct from taxanes and are more amenable to synthetic modification. Six epothilones have been studied in preclinical and clinical trials: patupilone (epothilone B), ixabepilone (BMS247550), BMS 310705, sagopilone (ZK-EPO), KOS-862 (epothilone D), and KOS-1584. In vitro data have shown increased potency in taxane-sensitive and taxane-resistant cancer cell lines. This enhanced cytotoxic effect has been attributed to epothilone being a poor substrate for p-glycoprotein drug resistance protein and having high affinity to the various beta tubulin isoforms. Phase I clinical data have shown different dose-limiting toxicities for each of the epothilones. These effects are drug specific, dose specific, and schedule of administration specific. While diarrhea and myelosuppression are the dose-limiting toxicities for patupilone and BMS 310705, respectively, neurologic toxicity, as seen with taxanes, is the dose-limiting toxicity of ixabepilone, sagopilone, and KOS-862. In an effort to decrease neurologic toxicity, investigators have modified dosing schedules with limited success. Ixabepilone has the most mature clinical results with published phase II and III data, and regulatory approval for clinical use in the treatment of breast cancer. Ixabepilone has also been combined with other anticancer agents and has regulatory approval in combination with capecitabine for heavily treated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel R Budman
- Monter Cancer Center, North Shore – LIJ Health Systems, Lake Success, New York, USA
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Orlowski RZ, Kuhn DJ. Proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy: lessons from the first decade. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1649-57. [PMID: 18347166 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in intracellular protein turnover, and its function is crucial to cellular homeostasis. First synthesized as probes of proteolytic processes, proteasome inhibitors began to be thought of as potential drug candidates when they were found to induce programmed cell death preferentially in transformed cells. They made their first leap into the clinic to be tested as therapeutic agents 10 years ago, and since then, great strides have been made in defining their mechanisms of action, their clinical efficacy and toxicity, and some of their limitations in the form of resistance pathways. Validation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a target for cancer therapy has come in the form of approvals of the first such inhibitor, bortezomib, for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, for which this agent has become a standard of care. Lessons learned from this first-in-class agent are now being applied to the development of a new generation of proteasome inhibitors that hold the promise of efficacy in bortezomib-resistant disease and possibly in a broader spectrum of diseases. This saga provides a salient example of the promise of translational medicine and a paradigm by which other agents may be successfully brought from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Gautschi O, Heighway J, Mack PC, Purnell PR, Lara PN, Gandara DR. Aurora kinases as anticancer drug targets. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1639-48. [PMID: 18347165 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human aurora family of serine-threonine kinases comprises three members, which act in concert with many other proteins to control chromosome assembly and segregation during mitosis. Aurora dysfunction can cause aneuploidy, mitotic arrest, and cell death. Aurora kinases are strongly expressed in a broad range of cancer types. Aurora A expression in tumors is often associated with gene amplification, genetic instability, poor histologic differentiation, and poor prognosis. Aurora B is frequently expressed at high levels in a variety of tumors, often coincidently with aurora A, and expression level has also been associated with increased genetic instability and clinical outcome. Further, aurora kinase gene polymorphisms are associated with increased risk or early onset of cancer. The expression of aurora C in cancer is less well studied. In recent years, several small-molecule aurora kinase inhibitors have been developed that exhibit preclinical activity against a wide range of solid tumors. Preliminary clinical data from phase I trials have largely been consistent with cytostatic effects, with disease stabilization as the best response achieved in solid tumors. Objective responses have been noted in leukemia patients, although this might conceivably be due to inhibition of the Abl kinase. Current challenges include the optimization of drug administration, the identification of potential biomarkers of tumor sensitivity, and combination studies with cytotoxic drugs. Here, we summarize the most recent preclinical and clinical data and discuss new directions in the development of aurora kinase inhibitors as antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gautschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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Bennouna J, Delord JP, Campone M, Nguyen L. Vinflunine: a new microtubule inhibitor agent. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1625-32. [PMID: 18347163 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vinflunine (Javlor) is the first fluorinated microtubule inhibitor belonging to the Vinca alkaloids family. Vinflunine is obtained by semisynthesis using superacidic chemistry to selectively introduce two fluorine atoms at the 20' position of the catharanthine moiety. This compound has been selected for clinical development on the basis of encouraging preclinical activity that warrants study in patients with a wide spectrum of solid tumors. Clinically significant activity has been seen in phase II studies, mainly in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract, non-small cell lung cancer, and carcinoma of the breast. Vinflunine is currently in phase III trial assessment in patients with (second line) transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium and first-line advanced breast cancer. The efficacy of vinflunine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with a platinum-containing regimen was confirmed by a large phase III trial.
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Choy H, Park C, Yao M. Current status and future prospects for satraplatin, an oral platinum analogue. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1633-8. [PMID: 18347164 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are major chemotherapeutic agents that are used alone or in combination with other systemic agents and/or radiation therapy in the management of many human malignancies. All three platinum drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are administrated intravenously. Satraplatin is the first orally administered platinum drug under active clinical investigation. Satraplatin and its major metabolite, JM118, have shown antineoplastic activity in in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical settings. Use of satraplatin as an alternative platinum cytotoxic agent is particularly attractive because of the convenience of administration, milder toxicity profile, lack of cross-resistance with cisplatin, theoretical advantage as a radiosensitizer, and activity in cancers historically nonresponsive to platinum drugs. The most mature clinical data for satraplatin come from the recently completed phase III trial that investigated the efficacy of satraplatin and prednisone on hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients who had failed a course of other chemotherapy agents. Preliminary reports show that the combination is statistically superior to placebo and prednisone in multiple end points, including progression-free survival, prostate-specific antigen response, objective tumor response, pain response, and duration of pain response. The difference in overall survival, however, did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Choy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9183, USA.
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