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Li Y, Wang W, Tian J, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Wang M, Tang L, Liu C, Zhang X, Shen F, Chen Y, Gu Y. Clinical Significance of Soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3) in Patients With Cervical Cancer Determined via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay With Monoclonal Antibodies. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231202650. [PMID: 37968933 PMCID: PMC10655791 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231202650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor microenvironment and tumor immunity have become the focus of research on tumor diagnosis and treatment. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223) is a newly discovered immunosuppressive receptor that is abnormally expressed in various tumor microenvironments and plays an important role as an immune checkpoint in the tumor immune response. Objective: We developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, examined the levels of soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3) in the serum of patients with cervical cancer, and identified new biomarkers for cervical cancer development. Methods: To investigate the potential biological function of sLAG-3, we generated and characterized 2 novel anti-LAG-3 monoclonal antibodies, namely 4F4 and 4E12. We performed western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry using hybridoma technology and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for detecting human sLAG-3 based on an improved double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The stability and sensitivity of these kits were also assessed. Results: We screened and characterized 2 novel monoclonal antibodies against human LAG-3. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit also includes a wide range of tests. Using this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system, we found that the expression level of sLAG-3 in the peripheral blood of patients with cervical cancer significantly decreased as the disease progressed (P < .0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low sLAG-3 expression was an independent predictor of cervical cancer and related diseases (P < .05). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that sLAG-3 had diagnostic value for cervical cancer metastasis (P < .0001). Conclusion: These data suggest that sLAG-3 is a potential biomarker for cervical cancer development. Therefore, this kit has a certain application value in the diagnosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of General surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingluan Tian
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Station, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longhai Tang
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Station, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangrong Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh S, Zamani P, Mashreghi M, Nikpoor AR, Tavakkol-Afshari J, Jaafari MR. Immunoliposomes bearing lymphocyte activation gene 3 fusion protein and P5 peptide: A novel vaccine for breast cancer. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3095. [PMID: 33118322 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
LAG3-Ig as an immune adjuvant has elicited potent anti-tumor immune responses in several preclinical and clinical studies, but the full potential immunostimulatory of LAG3-Ig has yet to be achieved. We hypothesized that by anchoring LAG3-Ig to the surface of liposomes, the adjuvant activity of LAG3-Ig could be improved. We also investigated the immunotherapy by co-delivery of liposome-coupled LAG3-Ig and P5 tumor antigen in mice model of TUBO breast cancer. We prepared and characterized novel PEGylated liposomes bearing surface conjugated LAG3-Ig and P5. Consistent with our hypothesis, liposomes-conjugated LAG3-Ig via multivalent binding to MHC class II molecules exerted immunostimulatory of LAG3-Ig and markedly induced maturation of dendritic cells more efficiently than free LAG3-Ig. LAG3-Ig-P5-immunoliposomes effectively elicited protective anti-tumor responses more than locally injected soluble LAG3-Ig + P5. The higher percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and more rapid and pronounced infiltration of these effector cells into the site of the tumor were seen following immunoliposome therapy. Finally, anti-tumor immunity induced by LAG3-Ig-P5-immunoliposomes translated into the more tumor regression and prolonged survival of treated mice, compared to soluble immunotherapy. Taken together, our findings suggest that LAG3-Ig-P5-immunoliposomes can be considered as a valuable candidate for developing a liposome-based therapeutic cancer vaccine in treating HER2/ neu+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mashreghi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xu W, Qin Z, Hao Y, He Q, Chen S, Zhang Z, Peng D, Wen H, Chen J, Qiu J, Li C. A signal-decreased electrochemical immunosensor for the sensitive detection of LAG-3 protein based on a hollow nanobox-MOFs/AuPt alloy. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 113:148-156. [PMID: 29772383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hollow nanobox metal-organic framework (HNM) nanocomposites were synthesised and utilised for the first time in a signal decreased electrochemical immunosensor for the ultrasensitive quantitative determination of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) protein, which is a newly discovered biomarker. With the aid of signal materials, namely, SiO2-tagged anti-LAG-3 antibody (SiO2-Ab2) and the biotin-streptavidin system, the sensor can achieve signal amplification. Encapsulation of tin dioxide-functionalised reduced graphene oxide (rGO-SnO2) and gold and platinum alloys (AuPt alloys) onto the surface of hollow nanobox metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was performed to prepare rGO-SnO2/hollow nanobox-MOFs/AuPt alloys (rGO-SnO2/HNMs/AuPt) as the matrix. SiO2-Ab2, which is used as the signal-decreased label, can be utilised to enhance the distinction of the electrochemical signal after the specific recognition between antibodies and antigens, owing to its large steric hindrance property. In this sensor, this proposed sandwich immunosensor can achieve a high sensitivity, especially in the presence of low concentrations of the LAG-3 protein. Under optimal conditions, this sandwich-designed immunosensor exhibited a sensitive detection of the LAG-3 protein from concentrations of 0.01 ng mL-1 to 1 μg mL-1, with a lower detection limit of 1.1 pg mL-1 (based on 3σ). We proposed that this ultrasensitive biosensor can be utilised for the detection of the LAG-3 protein in early clinical tumour diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yutong Hao
- Chongqing International Travel Health Care Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qiang He
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhongshuang Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Peng
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haiyan Wen
- Chongqing International Travel Health Care Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chaorui Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Soldevilla MM, Hervas S, Villanueva H, Lozano T, Rabal O, Oyarzabal J, Lasarte JJ, Bendandi M, Inoges S, López-Díaz de Cerio A, Pastor F. Identification of LAG3 high affinity aptamers by HT-SELEX and Conserved Motif Accumulation (CMA). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185169. [PMID: 28934318 PMCID: PMC5608357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LAG3 receptor belongs to a family of immune-checkpoints expressed in T lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system. It plays an important role as a rheostat of the immune response. Focus on this receptor as a potential therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy has been underscored after the success of other immune-checkpoint blockade strategies in clinical trials. LAG3 showcases the interest in the field of autoimmunity as several studies show that LAG3-targeting antibodies can also be used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this work we describe the identification of a high-affinity LAG3 aptamer by High Throughput Sequencing SELEX in combination with a study of potential conserved binding modes according to sequence conservation by using 2D-structure prediction and 3D-RNA modeling using Rosetta. The aptamer with the highest accumulation of these conserved sequence motifs displays the highest affinity to LAG3 recombinant soluble proteins and binds to LAG3-expressing lymphocytes. The aptamer described herein has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent, as it enhances the threshold of T-cell activation. Nonetheless, in future applications, it could also be engineered for treatment of autoimmune diseases by target depletion of LAG3-effector T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martínez Soldevilla
- Aptamer Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Program Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Helena Villanueva
- Aptamer Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Program Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lasarte
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Program Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maurizio Bendandi
- Section on Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Baptist Healthcare Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, W.G Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury/Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Susana Inoges
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ascensión López-Díaz de Cerio
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Pastor
- Aptamer Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Ring EK, Markert JM, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK. Checkpoint Proteins in Pediatric Brain and Extracranial Solid Tumors: Opportunities for Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:342-350. [PMID: 27836863 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric brain and extracranial solid tumors are a diverse group of malignancies that represent almost half of all pediatric cancers. Standard therapy includes various combinations of surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and radiation, which can be very harmful to a developing child, and survivors carry a substantial burden of long-term morbidities. Although these therapies have improved survival rates for children with solid tumors, outcomes still remain extremely poor for subsets of patients. Recently, immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules that negatively regulate immune cell function have been described. When found on malignant cells or in the tumor microenvironment, they contribute to immune evasion and tumor escape. Agents designed to inhibit these proteins have demonstrated significant efficacy in human adult solid tumor studies. However, there is limited research focusing on immune checkpoint molecules and inhibitors in pediatric solid tumors. In this review, we examine the current knowledge on immune checkpoint proteins with an emphasis on cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4); programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1); OX-2 membrane glycoprotein (CD200); and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). We review T-cell signaling, the mechanisms of action of these checkpoint molecules, pediatric preclinical studies on checkpoint proteins and checkpoint blockade, pediatric checkpoint inhibitor clinical trials conducted to date, and future immunotherapy opportunities for childhood cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 342-50. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Ring
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Depletion of regulatory T cells by targeting folate receptor 4 enhances the potency of a GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell immunotherapy. Clin Immunol 2013; 148:287-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fuenmayor J, Montaño RF. Novel antibody-based proteins for cancer immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3370-93. [PMID: 24212958 PMCID: PMC3759200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative success of monoclonal antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and the vast manipulation potential of recombinant antibody technology have encouraged the development of novel antibody-based antitumor proteins. Many insightful reagents have been produced, mainly guided by studies on the mechanisms of action associated with complete and durable remissions, results from experimental animal models, and our current knowledge of the human immune system. Strikingly, only a small percent of these new reagents has demonstrated clinical value. Tumor burden, immune evasion, physiological resemblance, and cell plasticity are among the challenges that cancer therapy faces, and a number of antibody-based proteins are already available to deal with many of them. Some of these novel reagents have been shown to specifically increase apoptosis/cell death of tumor cells, recruit and activate immune effectors, and reveal synergistic effects not previously envisioned. In this review, we look into different approaches that have been followed during the past few years to produce these biologics and analyze their relative success, mainly in terms of their clinical performance. The use of antibody-based antitumor proteins, in combination with standard or novel therapies, is showing significant improvements in objective responses, suggesting that these reagents will become important components of the antineoplastic protocols of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaheli Fuenmayor
- Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Caracas, 1020-A, Venezuela.
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Sierro S, Romero P, Speiser DE. The CD4-like molecule LAG-3, biology and therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:91-101. [PMID: 21142803 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.540563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Promising immunotherapeutic agents targeting co-stimulatory pathways are currently being tested in clinical trials. One player in this array of regulatory pathways is the LAG-3/MHC class II axis. The lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a negative co-stimulatory receptor that modulates T cell homeostasis, proliferation and activation. A recombinant soluble dimeric form of LAG-3 (sLAG-3-Ig, IMP321) shows adjuvant properties and enhances immunogenicity of tumor vaccines. Recent clinical trials produced encouraging results, especially when the human dimeric soluble form of LAG-3 (hLAG-3-Ig) was used in combination with chemotherapy. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The biological relevance of LAG-3 in vivo. Pre-clinical data demonstrating adjuvant properties, as well as the improvement of tumor immunity by sLAG-3-Ig. Recent advances in the clinical development of the therapeutic reagent IMP321, hLAG-3-Ig, for cancer treatment. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review summarizes preclinical and clinical data on the biological functions of LAG-3. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The LAG-3 inhibitory pathway is attracting attention, in the light of recent studies demonstrating its role in T cell unresponsiveness, and Treg function after chronic antigen stimulation. As a soluble recombinant dimer, the sLAG-3-Ig protein acts as an adjuvant for therapeutic induction of T cell responses, and may be beneficial to cancer patients when used in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sierro
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Jandus C, Speiser D, Romero P. Recent advances and hurdles in melanoma immunotherapy. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2009; 22:711-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2009.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Brignone C, Escudier B, Grygar C, Marcu M, Triebel F. A phase I pharmacokinetic and biological correlative study of IMP321, a novel MHC class II agonist, in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6225-31. [PMID: 19755389 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of IMP321, a recombinant soluble LAG-3Ig fusion protein which agonizes MHC class II-driven dendritic cell activation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were treated with escalating doses of IMP321 s.c. Blood samples were assayed to determine plasma pharmacokinetic parameters, detect human anti-IMP321 antibody formation, and determine long-lived CD8 T cell responses. RESULTS Twenty-one advanced renal cell carcinoma patients received 119 injections of IMP321 at doses ranging from 0.050 to 30 mg/injection s.c. biweekly for 6 injections. No clinically significant adverse events were observed. Good systemic exposure to the product was obtained following s.c. injections of doses above 6 mg. IMP321 induced both sustained CD8 T-cell activation and an increase in the percentage of long-lived effector-memory CD8 T cells in all patients at doses above 6 mg. Tumor growth was reduced and progression-free survival was better in those patients receiving higher doses (>6 mg) of IMP321: 7 of 8 evaluable patients treated at the higher doses experienced stable disease at 3 months compared with only 3 of 11 in the lower dose group (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION The absence of toxicity and the demonstration of activity at doses above 6 mg warrant further disease-directed studies of IMP321 in combined regimens (e.g., chemoimmunotherapy).
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Li B, Simmons A, Du T, Lin C, Moskalenko M, Gonzalez-Edick M, VanRoey M, Jooss K. Allogeneic GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell immunotherapies generate potent anti-tumor responses comparable to autologous tumor cell immunotherapies. Clin Immunol 2009; 133:184-97. [PMID: 19664962 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies of cell-based immunotherapies have included both patient-specific (autologous) and non-patient-specific (allogeneic) approaches. Major concerns in using allogeneic immunotherapies are that the induced immune responses may be predominantly directed against the allogeneic HLA molecules of the cellular immunotherapy and not against its potential tumor antigens and that only the allogeneic responses will be enhanced when the immunotherapies are combined with immune checkpoint regulators in an effort to enhance overall immunotherapy potency. To evaluate these possibilities, studies were performed using the GM-CSF-secreting B16F1 cell line as autologous immunotherapy (Auto) and the same cell line modified to over-express the MHC molecule K(d) to generate an immunotherapy that expresses an allogeneic component (Allo) when injected into C57/Bl6 mice. The goal was to compare the specific anti-tumor immune responses induced by these two immunotherapies, which share an identical antigen repertoire, with the exception of the allogeneic MHC class I molecule expressed by the Allo cells, and have identical GM-CSF-secretion levels. Both immunotherapies provided similar therapeutic benefit to tumor-bearing animals with a trend towards a more pronounced tumor growth delay in animals injected with the Allo immunotherapy. This correlated with a significant increase in the number of activated DCs and T-cells in the DLN of Allo-treated animals. In addition, persistent infiltration of effector CD8(+) T-cells was detected in the tumors of animals treated with the Allo immunotherapy, which correlated with a trend towards a greater antigen-specific T-cell response in these animals. When combined with the immune checkpoint regulator anti-PD-1, tumor-specific and allogeneic immune responses were equally enhanced. Thus, the ability of an allogeneic tumor cell immunotherapy to induce a therapeutic anti-tumor immune response is comparable, if not superior, to an autologous tumor cell immunotherapy and its anti-tumor potency can be enhanced when combined with immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Li
- Cell Genesys Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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