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Meng X, Ma F, Yu D. The diverse effects of cisplatin on tumor microenvironment: Insights and challenges for the delivery of cisplatin by nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117362. [PMID: 37827371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a well-known platinum-based chemotherapy medication that is widely utilized for some malignancies. Despite the direct cytotoxic consequences of cisplatin on tumor cells, studies in the recent decade have revealed that cisplatin can also affect different cells and their secretions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cisplatin has complex impacts on the TME, which may contribute to its anti-tumor activity or drug resistance mechanisms. These regulatory effects of cisplatin play a paramount function in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. This paper aims to review the diverse impacts of cisplatin and nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin on cancer cells and also non-cancerous cells in TME. The impacts of cisplatin on immune cells, tumor stroma, cancer cells, and also hypoxia will be discussed in the current review. Furthermore, we emphasize the challenges and prospects of using cisplatin in combination with other adjuvants and therapeutic modalities that target TME. We also discuss the potential synergistic effects of cisplatin with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other agents with anticancer potentials such as polyphenols and photosensitizers. Furthermore, the potential of nanoparticles for targeting TME and better delivery of cisplatin into tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Meng
- Zhuji Sixth People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311801, China
| | - Fengyun Ma
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Dingli Yu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
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2
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Wang Y, Song Y, He Y, Wang Y, Maurer J, Kiessling F, Lammers T, Wang F, Shi Y. Direct immunoactivation by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300209. [PMID: 38249990 PMCID: PMC7615547 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating pathogenic substances and malignant cells in the body. For cancer treatment, immunotherapy is becoming the standard treatment for many types of cancer and is often combined with chemotherapy. Although chemotherapeutic agents are often reported to have adverse effects, including immunosuppression, they can also play a positive role in immunotherapy by directly stimulating the immune system. This has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies in the past decades. Chemotherapeutics can activate immune cells through different immune receptors and signaling pathways depending on their chemical structure and formulation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the direct immunoactivation effects of chemotherapeutics and possible mechanisms behind these effects. Finally, we prospect chemo-immunotherapeutic combinations for the more effective and safer treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Wang
- Department of Polymer Therapeutics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yiran Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yazhi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Polymer Therapeutics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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van der Sluis TC, van Haften FJ, van Duikeren S, Pardieck IN, de Graaf JF, Vleeshouwers W, van der Maaden K, Melief CJM, van der Burg SH, Arens R. Delayed vaccine-induced CD8 + T cell expansion by topoisomerase I inhibition mediates enhanced CD70-dependent tumor eradication. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007158. [PMID: 38030302 PMCID: PMC10689370 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of patients with cervical cancer who are treated with cisplatin in conjunction with the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan is enhanced when compared with patients treated with only one of these chemotherapeutics. Moreover, cisplatin-based and T cell-based immunotherapy have been shown to synergize, resulting in stronger antitumor responses. Here, we interrogated whether topotecan could further enhance the synergy of cisplatin with T cell-based cancer immunotherapy. METHODS Mice bearing human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) E6/E7-expressing TC-1 tumors were vaccinated with HPV16 E7 long peptides and additionally received chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and topotecan. We performed an in-depth study of this combinatorial chemoimmunotherapy on the effector function and expansion/contraction kinetics of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, we interrogated the particular role of chemotherapy-induced upregulation of costimulatory ligands by tumor-infiltrated myeloid cells on T cell proliferation and survival. RESULTS We show that E7 long peptide vaccination combined with cisplatin and topotecan, results in CD8+ T cell-dependent durable rejection of established tumors and 94% long-term survival. Although topotecan initially repressed the expansion of vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells, these cells eventually expanded vigorously, which was followed by delayed contraction. These effects associated with the induction of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the antiapoptosis molecule Bcl-2 by intratumoral tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, which was regulated by topotecan-mediated upregulation of the costimulatory ligand CD70 on myeloid cells in the TME. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data show that although treatment with cisplatin, topotecan and vaccination initially delays T cell expansion, this combinatorial therapy results eventually in a more robust T cell-mediated tumor eradication due to enhancement of costimulatory molecules in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne van Duikeren
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iris N Pardieck
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ward Vleeshouwers
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van der Maaden
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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DuComb EA, Collins CC, Cupak D, Wagner S, Khan FB, Budd RC, Kinsey CM. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle injection of cisplatin results in dynamic changes in the tumor immune microenvironment. Respir Med Res 2023; 84:100994. [PMID: 37307616 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Direct intratumoral delivery of cisplatin via endobronchial ultrasound guided-transbronchial needle injections (EBUS-TBNI) is a novel approach for salvage treatment of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in the tumor immune microenvironment during the course of EBUS-TBNI cisplatin therapy. METHODS Under an IRB approved protocol, patients with recurrence after radiation therapy who were not receiving other cytotoxic therapy, were prospectively enrolled, and underwent weekly treatments with EBUS-TBNI with additional biopsies obtained for research. Needle aspiration was performed prior to cisplatin delivery at each procedure. Samples were evaluated by flow cytometry for the presence of immune cell types. RESULTS Three of the six patients responded to the therapy based on RECIST criteria. Compared to the pre-treatment baseline, intratumoral neutrophils increased in 5 of the 6 patients (p = 0.041), with an average increase of 27.1%, but was not associated with response. A lower pre-treatment CD8+/CD4+ ratio at baseline was associated with response (P = 0.01). Responders demonstrated a lower final proportion of PD-1+ CD8+ T cells compared to non-responders (8.6% vs. 62.3%, respectively, P<0.001. Lower doses of intratumoral cisplatin were associated with subsequent increases in CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS EBUS-TBNI cisplatin resulted in significant alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. Further studies are needed to determine if the changes seen here generalize to larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A DuComb
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, United States
| | - Cheryl C Collins
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, United States
| | - Dolores Cupak
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, United States
| | - Sarah Wagner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, United States
| | - Farrah B Khan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT
| | - Ralph C Budd
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, United States
| | - C Matthew Kinsey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT, United States.
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5
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Yadav A, Yadav S, Alam MA. Immunotherapies landscape and associated inhibitors for the treatment of cervical cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:328. [PMID: 37815596 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common form of cancer worldwide. There is a large number of situations that may be examined in the developing world. The risk of contracting HPV (Human Papillomavirus) due to poor sanitation and sexual activity is mostly to blame for the disease's alarming rate of expansion. Immunotherapy is widely regarded as one of the most effective medicines available. The immunotherapy used to treat cervical cancer cells relies on inhibitors that block the immune checkpoint. The poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymer inhibited cervical cancer cells by activating both the programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (CTLA-1) checkpoints, a strategy that has been shown to have impressive effects. Yet, immunotherapy directed towards tumors that have already been invaded by lymphocytes leaves a positive imprint on the healing process. Immunotherapy is used in conjunction with other treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, to provide faster and more effective outcomes. In this combination therapy, several medications such as Pembrolizumab, Durvalumab, Atezolizumab, and so on are employed in clinical trials. Recent developments and future predictions suggest that vaccinations will soon be developed with the dual goal of reducing the patient's susceptibility to illness while simultaneously strengthening their immune system. Many clinical and preclinical studies are now investigating the effectiveness of immunotherapy in slowing the progression of cervical cancer. The field of immunotherapy is expected to witness more progress toward improving outcomes. Immunotherapies landscape and associated inhibitors for the treatment of Cervical Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agrima Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No. 2, Sector 17-A, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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Saar M, Lavogina D, Lust H, Tamm H, Jaal J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors modulate the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:152. [PMID: 36936028 PMCID: PMC10018276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and ICIs are increasingly used in combination with cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy. Although combined treatments are more effective, not all patients respond to the therapy; therefore, a detailed understanding of the effect of treatment combinations at the tumour level is needed. The present study aimed to explore whether ICIs could affect the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with different PD-L1 expression levels (high, HCC-44; low, A-549). Using the resazurin-based assay, the efficacy of seven chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, etoposide, gemcitabine, pemetrexed, vinorelbine, docetaxel and paclitaxel) was compared in the presence or absence of the individually chosen single doses of four ICIs (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab and durvalumab). The results revealed that different ICIs can exhibit either potentiating or depotentiating effects, depending on the chemotherapy agent or lung adenocarcinoma cell line used. Durvalumab was the most promising ICI, which potentiated most chemotherapy agents in both cell lines, especially in the case of high PD-L1 expression. By contrast, nivolumab, exhibited depotentiating trends in several combinations. The immunostaining of γH2AX in treated cells confirmed that the potentiation of the chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity by durvalumab was at least partially mediated via increased DNA damage; however, this effect was strongly dependent on the chemotherapy agent and cell line used. Our future studies aim to address the specific mechanisms underlying the observed ICI-induced potentiation or depotentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Saar
- Pharmacy Department, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Pharmacy Institute, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence to: Ms. Marika Saar or Professor Jana Jaal, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia, E-mail:
| | - Darja Lavogina
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Lust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hannes Tamm
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Pathology Department, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jana Jaal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncological Therapy, Haematology and Oncology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence to: Ms. Marika Saar or Professor Jana Jaal, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia, E-mail:
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Principe DR, Kamath SD, Korc M, Munshi HG. The immune modifying effects of chemotherapy and advances in chemo-immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108111. [PMID: 35016920 PMCID: PMC9271143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigm for several malignancies. While the use of single-agent or combined ICIs has achieved acceptable disease control rates in a variety of solid tumors, such approaches have yet to show substantial therapeutic efficacy in select difficult-to-treat cancer types. Recently, select chemotherapy regimens are emerging as extensive modifiers of the tumor microenvironment, leading to the reprogramming of local immune responses. Accordingly, data is now emerging to suggest that certain anti-neoplastic agents modulate various immune cell processes, most notably the cross-presentation of tumor antigens, leukocyte trafficking, and cytokine biosynthesis. As such, the combination of ICIs and cytotoxic chemotherapy are beginning to show promise in many cancers that have long been considered poorly responsive to ICI-based immunotherapy. Here, we discuss past and present attempts to advance chemo-immunotherapy in these difficult-to-treat cancer histologies, mechanisms through which select chemotherapies modify tumor immunogenicity, as well as important considerations when designing such approaches to maximize efficacy and improve therapeutic response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Suneel D Kamath
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hidayatullah G Munshi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Harnessing anti-cytomegalovirus immunity for local immunotherapy against solid tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116738119. [PMID: 35749366 PMCID: PMC9245622 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116738119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor infiltration by T cells profoundly affects cancer progression and responses to immunotherapy. However, the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment can impair the induction, trafficking, and local activity of antitumor T cells. Here, we investigated whether intratumoral injection of virus-derived peptide epitopes could activate preexisting antiviral T cell responses locally and promote antitumor responses or antigen spreading. We focused on a mouse model of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a highly prevalent human infection that induces vigorous and durable T cell responses. Mice persistently infected with murine CMV (MCMV) were challenged with lung (TC-1), colon (MC-38), or melanoma (B16-F10) tumor cells. Intratumoral injection of MCMV-derived T cell epitopes triggered in situ and systemic expansion of their cognate, MCMV-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. The MCMV CD8+ T cell epitopes injected alone provoked arrest of tumor growth and some durable remissions. Intratumoral injection of MCMV CD4+ T cell epitopes with polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (pI:C) preferentially elicited tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, promoted tumor clearance, and conferred long-term protection against tumor rechallenge. Notably, secondary proliferation of MCMV-specific CD8+ T cells correlated with better tumor control. Importantly, intratumoral injection of MCMV-derived CD8+ T cell-peptide epitopes alone or CD4+ T cell-peptide epitopes with pI:C induced potent adaptive and innate immune activation of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, CMV-derived peptide epitopes, delivered intratumorally, act as cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic agents to promote immediate tumor control and long-term antitumor immunity that could be used as a stand-alone therapy. The tumor antigen-agnostic nature of this approach makes it applicable across a broad range of solid tumors regardless of their origin.
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Tseng SH, Cheng MA, Farmer E, Ferrall L, Kung YJ, Lam B, Lim L, Wu TC, Hung CF. Albumin and interferon-β fusion protein serves as an effective vaccine adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004342. [PMID: 35459734 PMCID: PMC9036441 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFN) promote dendritic cells maturation and subsequently enhance generation of antigen-specific CD8 +T cell for the control of tumor. Using type I interferons as an adjuvant to vaccination could prove to be a potent strategy. However, type I interferons have a short half-life. Albumin linked to a protein will prolong the half-life of the linked protein. METHODS In this study, we explored the fusion of albumin to IFNβ (Alb-IFNβ) for its functional activity both in vitro and in vivo. We determined the half-life of Alb-IFNβ following treatment in the serum, tumor, and tumor draining lymph nodes in both wild type and FcRn knockout mice. We characterized the ability of Alb-IFNβ to enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T cells using ovalbumin (OVA) or human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 long peptides. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic antitumor effect of coadministration of AlbIFNβ with antigenic peptides against HPVE7 expressing tumor and the treatment's ability to generate HPVE7 antigen specific CD8+ T cells. The contribution of the antitumor effect by lymphocytes was also examined by an antibody depletion experiment. The ability of Alb-IFNβ to serve as an adjuvant was tested using clinical grade therapeutic protein-based HPV vaccine, TACIN. RESULTS Alb-IFNβ retains biological function and does not alter the biological activity of IFNβ. In addition, Alb-IFNβ extends half-life of IFNβ in serum, lymph nodes and tumor. The coadministration of Alb-IFNβ with OVA or HPVE7 antigenic peptides enhances antigen-specific CD8 +T cell immunity, and in a TC-1 tumor model results in a significant therapeutic antitumor effect. We found that CD8 +T cells and dendritic cells, but not CD4 +T cells, are important for the observed antitumor therapeutic effect mediated by Alb-IFNβ. Finally, Alb-IFNβ served as a potent adjuvant for TA-CIN for the treatment of HPV antigen expressing tumors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, Alb-IFNβ serves as a potent adjuvant for enhancement of strong antigen-specific CD8 +T cell antitumor immunity, reduction of tumor burden, and increase in overall survival. Alb-IFNβ potentially can serve as an innovative adjuvant for the development of vaccines for the control of infectious disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Max A Cheng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Farmer
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ling Lim
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T-C Wu
- Pathology, Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Wu L, Wang X, He X, Li Q, Hua Q, Liu R, Qiu Z. MMP9 Expression Correlates With Cisplatin Resistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868203. [PMID: 35431936 PMCID: PMC9010875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin is the basis of the primary treatment for SCLC chemotherapy. However, the limited objective response rate and definite drug resistance greatly restrict the clinical potential and therapeutic benefits of cisplatin use. Therefore, it is essential to identify biomarkers that can discern the sensitivity of SCLC patients to cisplatin treatment. Methods: We collected two SCLC cohorts treated with cisplatin that included mutation data, prognosis data and expression data. The sensitivity of cisplatin was evaluated by the pRRophetic algorithm. MCPcounter, quanTIseq, and xCell algorithms were used to evaluate immune cell score. GSEA and ssGSEA algorithms were used to calculate immune-related pathway scores. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed, and survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the candidate genes. Results: MMP9-High is related to improved clinical prognoses of patients with SCLC (HR = 0.425, p = 0.0085; HR = 0.365, p = 0.0219). Multivariate results showed that MMP-High could be used as an independent predictor of the prognosis of SCLC after cisplatin treatment (HR = 0.216, p = 0.00153; HR = 0.352; p = 0.0199). In addition, MMP9-High displayed a significantly lower IC50 value of cisplatin and higher immunogenicity than MMP9-Low SCLC. Compared with MMP9-Low SCLC, MMP9-High included significantly increased levels of T-cells, cytoxic lymphocytes, B-cells, NK-cells, and dense cells (DCS). Similarly, the activity of cytokine binding, B-cell, NK-cell mediated immune response chemokine binding, and antigen presentation pathways in MMP9-High was significantly higher than that in MMP9-Low. Conclusion: In this study, we identified that MMP9-High could be potentially considered a novel biomarker used to ascertain the improved prognosis of SCLC patients after cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, we indicated that the tumor immune microenvironment of MMP9-High SCLC is mainly characterized by a large number of infiltrated activated immune cells as well as activated immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqiu Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qian Hua
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongrong Liu, ; Zhengang Qiu,
| | - Zhengang Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Rongrong Liu, ; Zhengang Qiu,
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11
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Taylor BC, Balko JM. Mechanisms of MHC-I Downregulation and Role in Immunotherapy Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844866. [PMID: 35296095 PMCID: PMC8920040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a key therapeutic strategy in the treatment of many cancers. As a result, research efforts have been aimed at understanding mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy and how anti-tumor immune response can be therapeutically enhanced. It has been shown that tumor cell recognition by the immune system plays a key role in effective response to T cell targeting therapies in patients. One mechanism by which tumor cells can avoid immunosurveillance is through the downregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC-I). Downregulation of MHC-I has been described as a mechanism of intrinsic and acquired resistance to immunotherapy in patients with cancer. Depending on the mechanism, the downregulation of MHC-I can sometimes be therapeutically restored to aid in anti-tumor immunity. In this article, we will review current research in MHC-I downregulation and its impact on immunotherapy response in patients, as well as possible strategies for therapeutic upregulation of MHC-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie C. Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Justin M. Balko,
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12
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Porchia BFMM, Aps LRDMM, Moreno ACR, da Silva JR, Silva MDO, Sales NS, Alves RPDS, Rocha CRR, Silva MM, Rodrigues KB, Barros TB, Pagni RL, Souza PDC, Diniz MDO, Ferreira LCDS. Active immunization combined with cisplatin confers enhanced therapeutic protection and prevents relapses of HPV-induced tumors at different anatomical sites. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:15-29. [PMID: 34975315 PMCID: PMC8692155 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The active immunotherapy concept relies on the use of vaccines that are capable of inducing antitumor immunity, reversion of the suppressive immunological environment, and long-term memory responses. Previously, antitumor vaccines based on a recombinant plasmid (pgDE7h) or a purified protein (gDE7) led to regression of early-established human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated tumors in a preclinical model. In this work, the anticancer vaccines were combined with cisplatin to treat HPV-induced tumors at advanced growth stages. The antitumor effects were evaluated in terms of tumor regression, induction of specific CD8+ T cells, and immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Acute toxicity induced by the treatment was measured by weight loss and histological alterations in the liver and kidneys. Our results revealed that the combination of cisplatin with either one of the tested immunotherapies (pgDE7h or gDE7) led to complete tumor regression in mice. Also, the combined treatment resulted in synergistic effects, particularly among mice immunized with gDE7, including activation of systemic and tumor-infiltrating E7-specific CD8+ T cells, tumor infiltration of macrophages and dendritic cells, and prevention of tumor relapses at different anatomical sites. Furthermore, the protocol allowed the reduction of cisplatin dosage and its intrinsic toxic effects, without reducing antitumor outcomes. These results expand our knowledge of active immunotherapy protocols and open perspectives for alternative treatments of HPV-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Felício Milazzotto Maldonado Porchia
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda
| | - Luana Raposo de Melo Moraes Aps
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Moreno
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamile Ramos da Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariângela de Oliveira Silva
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natiely Silva Sales
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Prince Dos Santos Alves
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- DNA Repair Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Molina Silva
- DNA Repair Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine Bitencourt Rodrigues
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tácita Borges Barros
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Liberato Pagni
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Cruz Souza
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Diniz
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,ImunoTera Soluções Terapêuticas Ltda
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Vaccine Development Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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13
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Garofalo C, De Marco C, Cristiani CM. NK Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment as New Potential Players Mediating Chemotherapy Effects in Metastatic Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754541. [PMID: 34712615 PMCID: PMC8547654 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until the last decade, chemotherapy was the standard treatment for metastatic cutaneous melanoma, even with poor results. The introduction of immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) radically changed the outcome, increasing 5-year survival from 5% to 60%. However, there is still a large portion of unresponsive patients that would need further therapies. NK cells are skin-resident innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize and kill virus-infected as well as cancer cells thanks to a balance between inhibitory and activating signals delivered by surface molecules expressed by the target. Since NK cells are equipped with cytotoxic machinery but lack of antigen restriction and needing to be primed, they are nowadays gaining attention as an alternative to T cells to be exploited in immunotherapy. However, their usage suffers of the same limitations reported for T cells, that is the loss of immunogenicity by target cells and the difficulty to penetrate and be activated in the suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Several evidence showed that chemotherapy used in metastatic melanoma therapy possess immunomodulatory properties that may restore NK cells functions within TME. Here, we will discuss the capability of such chemotherapeutics to: i) up-regulate melanoma cells susceptibility to NK cell-mediated killing, ii) promote NK cells infiltration within TME, iii) target other immune cell subsets that affect NK cells activities. Alongside traditional systemic melanoma chemotherapy, a new pharmacological strategy based on nanocarriers loaded with chemotherapeutics is developing. The use of nanotechnologies represents a very promising approach to improve drug tolerability and effectiveness thanks to the targeted delivery of the therapeutic molecules. Here, we will also discuss the recent developments in using nanocarriers to deliver anti-cancer drugs within the melanoma microenvironment in order to improve chemotherapeutics effects. Overall, we highlight the possibility to use standard chemotherapeutics, possibly delivered by nanosystems, to enhance NK cells anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Combined with immunotherapies targeting NK cells, this may represent a valuable alternative approach to treat those patients that do not respond to current ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Garofalo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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14
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Investigating Optimal Chemotherapy Options for Osteosarcoma Patients through a Mathematical Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082009. [PMID: 34440778 PMCID: PMC8394778 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma is a rare type of cancer with poor prognoses. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no mathematical models that study the impact of chemotherapy treatments on the osteosarcoma microenvironment. In this study, we developed a data driven mathematical model to analyze the dynamics of the important players in three groups of osteosarcoma tumors with distinct immune patterns in the presence of the most common chemotherapy drugs. The results indicate that the treatments’ start times and optimal dosages depend on the unique growth rate of the tumor, which implies the necessity of personalized medicine. Furthermore, the developed model can be extended by others to build models that can recommend individual-specific optimal dosages. Abstract Since all tumors are unique, they may respond differently to the same treatments. Therefore, it is necessary to study their characteristics individually to find their best treatment options. We built a mathematical model for the interactions between the most common chemotherapy drugs and the osteosarcoma microenvironments of three clusters of tumors with unique immune profiles. We then investigated the effects of chemotherapy with different treatment regimens and various treatment start times on the behaviors of immune and cancer cells in each cluster. Saliently, we suggest the optimal drug dosages for the tumors in each cluster. The results show that abundances of dendritic cells and HMGB1 increase when drugs are given and decrease when drugs are absent. Populations of helper T cells, cytotoxic cells, and IFN-γ grow, and populations of cancer cells and other immune cells shrink during treatment. According to the model, the MAP regimen does a good job at killing cancer, and is more effective than doxorubicin and cisplatin combined or methotrexate alone. The results also indicate that it is important to consider the tumor’s unique growth rate when deciding the treatment details, as fast growing tumors need early treatment start times and high dosages.
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15
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Role of Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) in autoimmunity and its potential as a therapeutic target. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1307-1315. [PMID: 34283371 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an important class of immune-regulating cells that can suppress T cell function. Most of our knowledge about the function of MDSC comes from studies of cancer models. Recent studies, however, have greatly contributed to the description of MDSC involvement in autoimmune diseases. They are known as a cell population that may negatively affect immune responses by regulating the function of CD4+ and CD8+ cells, which makes them an attractive target for autoimmune diseases therapy. However, many questions about MDSC activation, differentiation, and inhibitory functions remain unanswered. In this study, we have summarized the role of MDSCs in various autoimmune diseases, and the potential of targeting them for therapeutic benefits has been discussed.
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16
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Wang Y, Nie J, Dai L, Hu W, Zhang J, Chen X, Ma X, Tian G, Han J, Han S, Wu D, Long J, Zhang Z, Fang J. Evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab combined with or without docetaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:267-276. [PMID: 34131807 PMCID: PMC8783906 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and chemotherapy has been clinically confirmed to be beneficial as the first-line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. This study aimed to assess the effect of nivolumab + docetaxel versus nivolumab monotherapy in patients with NSCLC after the failure of platinum doublet chemotherapy. Materials and methods The efficacy and toxicity of nivolumab + docetaxel combination therapy versus nivolumab monotherapy were compared in this retrospective study. Primary endpoint of the study was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Results Between November 2017 and December 2019, 77 patients were included in this study, with 58 patients in the nivolumab group and 19 in the nivolumab + docetaxel group. The median follow-up was 18 months, and the PFS was 8 months for patients receiving nivolumab + docetaxel and 2 months for those receiving nivolumab alone (p = 0.001), respectively. Nivolumab + docetaxel showed superior OS compared with nivolumab, with the median OS unreached versus 7 months (p = 0.011). Among patients without EGFR/ALK variation, compared to nivolumab monotherapy, nivolumab + docetaxel showed better PFS (p = 0.04) and OS (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference in grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) between the two groups (p = 0.253). Conclusions The combination of nivolumab and docetaxel demonstrated a meaningful improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival compared to nivolumab monotherapy, in patients with NSCLC after the failure of platinum doublet chemotherapy, irrespective of EGFR/ALK variation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jun Nie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weiheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiangjuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jindi Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Sen Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jieran Long
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, 52# Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.
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17
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Mabuchi S, Sasano T. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Therapeutic Targets in Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051073. [PMID: 33946532 PMCID: PMC8147228 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine cervical and endometrial cancers are the two most common gynecological malignancies. As demonstrated in other types of solid malignancies, an increased number of circulating or tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have also been observed in uterine cervical and endometrial cancers, and increased MDSCs are associated with an advanced stage, a short survival, or a poor response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In murine models of uterine cervical and endometrial cancers, MDSCs have been shown to play important roles in the progression of cancer. In this review, we have introduced the definition of MDSCs and their functions, discussed the roles of MDSCs in uterine cervical and endometrial cancer progression, and reviewed treatment strategies targeting MDSCs, which may exhibit growth-inhibitory effects and enhance the efficacy of existing anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-29-8877; Fax: +81-744-23-6557
| | - Tomoyuki Sasano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital, Osaka 530-0012, Japan;
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18
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Ferrall L, Lin KY, Roden RBS, Hung CF, Wu TC. Cervical Cancer Immunotherapy: Facts and Hopes. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4953-4973. [PMID: 33888488 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is a sad fact that despite being almost completely preventable through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening, cervical cancer remains the fourth most common cancer to affect women worldwide. Persistent high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection is the primary etiologic factor for cervical cancer. Upward of 70% of cases are driven by HPV types 16 and 18, with a dozen other hrHPVs associated with the remainder of cases. Current standard-of-care treatments include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgical resection. However, they have significant side effects and limited efficacy against advanced disease. There are a few treatment options for recurrent or metastatic cases. Immunotherapy offers new hope, as demonstrated by the recent approval of programmed cell death protein 1-blocking antibody for recurrent or metastatic disease. This might be augmented by combination with antigen-specific immunotherapy approaches, such as vaccines or adoptive cell transfer, to enhance the host cellular immune response targeting HPV-positive cancer cells. As cervical cancer progresses, it can foster an immunosuppressive microenvironment and counteract host anticancer immunity. Thus, approaches to reverse suppressive immune environments and bolster effector T-cell functioning are likely to enhance the success of such cervical cancer immunotherapy. The success of nonspecific immunostimulants like imiquimod against genital warts also suggest the possibility of utilizing these immunotherapeutic strategies in cervical cancer prevention to treat precursor lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) and persistent hrHPV infections against which the licensed prophylactic HPV vaccines have no efficacy. Here, we review the progress and challenges in the development of immunotherapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Y Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Wang J, Bie Z, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Nie X, Zhang P, Cheng G, Di X, Li X, Cheng S, Feng L. Prognostic value of the baseline circulating T cell receptor β chain diversity in advanced lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1899609. [PMID: 33796410 PMCID: PMC7993185 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1899609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An indicator for systemic evaluation of the adaptive immune status is lacking. Peripheral blood is important in antitumour immunity, and the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity is key for effective immunity. This study aimed to investigate changes in the circulating T cell receptor β chain (TCRB) diversity during the first few (1 ~ 4) treatment cycles and its clinical value in patients with advanced lung cancer. TCRB-enriched sequencing data combined with transcriptomic RNA sequencing data of peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from 72 patients with advanced lung cancer before and after targeted therapy or chemotherapy. Changes in the circulating TCRB diversity during treatment and the relationship of the baseline circulating TCRB diversity with prognosis and therapeutic effects were evaluated. We found that targeted therapy or chemotherapy did not significantly affect the T lymphocyte composition or circulating TCRB diversity (3.83 vs 3.74, T-test, p = .16) in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) during the first few treatment cycles. The higher circulating TCRB diversity was linked to improved therapeutic effects (T-test, p = .00083) in LUAD patients receiving targeted therapy. Higher baseline circulating TCRB diversity was associated with better prognosis. In addition, a five-factor prognostic risk score model was built for more accurate prognosis prediction for LUAD patients. The chemotherapeutic agents for advanced lung cancer do not significantly affect adaptive immune function over the first few treatment cycles. The circulating TCRB diversity reflects the adaptive immunological repertoire and might be a convenient indicator for evaluating the adaptive immune status and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Bie
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Di
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Qian L, Zhaohui Z, Yaping X, Zhentian L, Zhentao L, Qiqi W, Yangchun G, Yan'e L, Wencheng Y, Fumei Y, Yanhong Y, Baoshan C, Li L. Blood T cell diversity associated with the prognosis of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma treated with first-line pemetrexed based chemotherapy. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:997-1005. [PMID: 33626215 PMCID: PMC8017263 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment is associated with prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between blood T cell diversity and survival of patients treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy for nonsquamous NSCLC. METHODS This prospective clinical study enrolled 26 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with 4-6 cycles of first-line pemetrexed combined with platinum-based therapy. The complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) located in the T cell receptor beta chain (TCR β chain) was captured and deeply sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and the correlation between TCR changes and efficacy after chemotherapy was analyzed. RESULTS Patients with an inferior quarter diversity index showed a significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than the others (median, 5.0 months vs. 8.1 months, P = 0.014). After two cycles of chemotherapy, the TCR diversity was significantly higher than the baseline (P = 0.034). Just as with the baseline, patients with an inferior quarter diversity index at the endpoint of cycle 2 showed a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than the others (median, 5.0 months vs. 8.4 months, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS In advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line pemetrexed combined with platinum, the low level of blood TCR diversity at baseline with an endpoint of two cycles of chemotherapy was correlated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Zhaohui
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yaping
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Zhentian
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Zhentao
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Qiqi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gu Yangchun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yan'e
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Wencheng
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fumei
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yanhong
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Baoshan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020329. [PMID: 33562495 PMCID: PMC7914407 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that exhibit immunosuppressive activity. They also directly stimulate tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In ovarian cancer, there are increased numbers of circulating or tumor-infiltrating MDSCs, and increased frequencies of MDSCs are associated with a poor prognosis or an advanced clinical stage. Moreover, in murine models of ovarian cancer, MDSC depletion has shown significant growth-inhibitory effects and enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of existing anticancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on MDSC biology, clinical significance of MDSC, and potential MDSC-targeting strategies in ovarian cancer.
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Farmer E, Cheng MA, Hung CF, Wu TC. Vaccination Strategies for the Control and Treatment of HPV Infection and HPV-Associated Cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2021; 217:157-195. [PMID: 33200366 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57362-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, currently affecting close to 80 million Americans. Importantly, HPV infection is recognized as the etiologic factor for numerous cancers, including cervical, vulval, vaginal, penile, anal, and a subset of oropharyngeal cancers. The prevalence of HPV infection and its associated diseases are a significant problem, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Likewise, the incidence of HPV infection poses a significant burden on individuals and the broader healthcare system. Between 2011 and 2015, there were an estimated 42,700 new cases of HPV-associated cancers each year in the United States alone. Similarly, the global burden of HPV is high, with around 630,000 new cases of HPV-associated cancer occurring each year. In the last decade, a total of three preventive major capsid protein (L1) virus-like particle-based HPV vaccines have been licensed and brought to market as a means to prevent the spread of HPV infection. These prophylactic vaccines have been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in preventing HPV infection. The most recent iteration of the preventive HPV vaccine, a nanovalent, L1-VLP vaccine, protects against a total of nine HPV types (seven high-risk and two low-risk HPV types), including the high-risk types HPV16 and HPV18, which are responsible for causing the majority of HPV-associated cancers. Although current prophylactic HPV vaccines have demonstrated huge success in preventing infection, existing barriers to vaccine acquisition have limited their widespread use, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of HPV-associated diseases is highest. Prophylactic vaccines are unable to provide protection to individuals with existing HPV infections or HPV-associated diseases. Instead, therapeutic HPV vaccines capable of generating T cell-mediated immunity against HPV infection and associated diseases are needed to ameliorate the burden of disease in individuals with existing HPV infection. To generate a cell-mediated immune response against HPV, most therapeutic vaccines target HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7. Several types of therapeutic HPV vaccine candidates have been developed including live-vector, protein, peptide, dendritic cell, and DNA-based vaccines. This chapter will review the commercially available prophylactic HPV vaccines and discuss the recent progress in the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Farmer
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Max A Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Cancer Research Building II, Room 309, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Farid S, Liu SV. Chemo-immunotherapy as first-line treatment for small-cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920980365. [PMID: 33414848 PMCID: PMC7750570 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920980365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly lethal subtype of lung cancer. Despite concerted efforts over the past several decades, there have been limited therapeutic advances. Traditional chemotherapy offers a high response rate and rapid symptomatic improvement, but its benefit is fleeting, and relapse is quick and unforgiving. Immunotherapy has delivered improved outcomes for patients with many cancers and there was compelling rationale for development in SCLC. While initial efforts with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein-4 inhibitors failed to improve upon chemotherapy alone, the addition of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors to first-line chemotherapy finally provided long-awaited gains in survival. Atezolizumab, when added to carboplatin and etoposide, improved both progression-free survival and overall survival. Durvalumab, when added to platinum plus etoposide, similarly improved OS. Biomarker development has stalled as PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden have not been useful predictive biomarkers. However, based on the significant survival improvements, both atezolizumab and durvalumab were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to be given with first-line chemotherapy, and these regimens represent the new standards of care for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Farid
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen V Liu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Fluorine assembly nanocluster breaks the shackles of immunosuppression to turn the cold tumor hot. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32962-32969. [PMID: 33318219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011297117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical investigations have shown that a nonimmunogenic "cold" tumor is usually accompanied by few immunopositive cells and more immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is still the bottleneck of immune activation. Here, a fluorine assembly nanocluster was explored to break the shackles of immunosuppression, reawaken the immune system, and turn the cold tumor "hot." Once under laser irradiation, FS@PMPt produces sufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) to fracture the ROS-sensitive linker, thus releasing the cisplatin conjugated PMPt to penetrate into the tumors and kill the regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Meanwhile, ROS will induce potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) and further promote the accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, therefore not only increasing the infiltration of immunopositive cells from the outside but also reducing the immunosuppressive cells from the inside to break through the bottleneck of immune activation. The FS@PMPt nanocluster regulates the immune process in TME from negative to positive, from shallow to deep, to turn the cold tumor into a hot tumor and provoke a robust antitumor immune response.
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Kagabu M, Yoshino N, Saito T, Miura Y, Takeshita R, Murakami K, Kawamura H, Baba T, Sugiyama T. The efficacy of a third-generation oncolytic herpes simplex viral therapy for an HPV-related uterine cervical cancer model. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 26:591-597. [PMID: 33146805 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common of all human cancers. Development of new treatments is mandatory to improve the outcome of this disease. Replication-selective oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) have emerged as a new platform for cancer therapy. The therapeutic potential of a triple-mutated oncolytic HSV (T-01) for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical cancer was evaluated with immunodeficient and immune-complete models. METHODS (1) The in vitro efficacy of T-01 on human cervical cancer cell lines, TC-1, HeLa, CaSki, and SKG IIIa was evaluated. (2) The in vivo efficacy of T-01 was examined in human HeLa xenograft and TC-1 syngeneic models of human cervical cancer. After flank tumors reached 5 mm in diameter, the first intratumoral (i.t.) administration of T-01 was performed. Intratumoral administration of T-01 was performed with a 5 day interval a total of 6 times. RESULTS In the in vitro study, T-01 was highly cytotoxic for all cell lines (48 h after infection with T-01 at 1 × 105 PFU, T-01 killing HeLa: 67.5%, Caski: 62.8%, SKG IIIa: 43.2%). Furthermore, in the human HeLa xenograft and TC-1 syngeneic models, T-01 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth. In addition, tumor-bearing mice treated with T-01 showed significantly increased numbers of CD8 + T-cells precursors than the control mice (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that T-01 has cytotoxic efficacy and inhibited against HPV-related cervical cancer cells. These findings indicate that T-01 has therapeutic potential for HPV-related cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kagabu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan.
| | - Naoto Yoshino
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Yuki Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takeshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Toru Sugiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-chou, Shiwa, Iwate, 028-3695, Japan
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Franconi R, Massa S, Paolini F, Vici P, Venuti A. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Genetic Vaccination and Therapy for HPV-Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113101. [PMID: 33114220 PMCID: PMC7690868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA vaccination represents a useful approach for human papillomavirus (HPV) cancer therapy. The therapeutic potential of plant-based natural compounds for control of HPV- associated cancers has been also widely explored. Genetic vaccines for HPV-associated tumors that include plant protein-encoding gene sequences, used alone or in combinations with plant metabolites, are being investigated but are still in their infancy. Main focus of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of novel therapeutic strategies employing genetic vaccines along with plant-derived compounds and genes. We highlight the importance of multimodality treatment regimen such as combining immunotherapy with plant-derived agents. Abstract Antigen-specific immunotherapy and, in particular, DNA vaccination provides an established approach for tackling human papillomavirus (HPV) cancers at different stages. DNA vaccines are stable and have a cost-effective production. Their intrinsic low immunogenicity has been improved by several strategies with some success, including fusion of HPV antigens with plant gene sequences. Another approach for the control of HPV cancers is the use of natural immunomodulatory agents like those derived from plants, that are able to interfere in carcinogenesis by modulating many different cellular pathways and, in some instances, to reduce chemo- and radiotherapy resistance of tumors. Indeed, plant-derived compounds represent, in many cases, an abundantly available, cost-effective source of molecules that can be either harvested directly in nature or obtained from plant cell cultures. In this review, an overview of the most relevant data reported in literature on the use of plant natural compounds and genetic vaccines that include plant-derived sequences against HPV tumors is provided. The purpose is also to highlight the still under-explored potential of multimodal treatments implying DNA vaccination along with plant-derived agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Franconi
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Department for Sustainability, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-4482 (R.F.); +39-06-3048-4052 (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Massa
- Division of Biotechnology and Agroindustry, Department for Sustainability, ENEA, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-4482 (R.F.); +39-06-3048-4052 (S.M.)
| | - Francesca Paolini
- HPV-UNIT—UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV-UNIT—UOSD Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (A.V.)
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Xue Y, Gao S, Gou J, Yin T, He H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang X, Wu R. Platinum-based chemotherapy in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: preclinical and clinical studies and mechanism of action. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:187-203. [PMID: 32954856 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1825376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platinum chemotherapy is widely used in first-line treatment of patients with various cancers. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown efficacy in several cancers, and the combination of platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has gradually become the focus of attention. Recently, the combination therapy has exhibited significant effects in preclinical models and clinical trials. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies of the combination therapy in various cancers, and further explores mechanisms of the treatment. Furthermore, exploration of the mechanism demonstrates that the combination therapy plays a combination role in two ways. On the one hand, the positive effects of platinum-based chemotherapy on immunomodulation can be harnessed to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. On the other hand, platinum-based chemotherapy may upregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue and exert a negative immunomodulatory effect, which can be counteracted by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors through their action pathway. What's more, different types of platinum-based chemotherapy exert different immunomodulation properties. EXPERT OPINION This review describes a potential for the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and novel nanoparticles composed of platinum-loaded complex to yield positive effects in a wide range of doses, thus achieving higher therapeutic effects and lower side effects. ABBREVIATIONS Treg: regulatory T cell; MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cell; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage; IL: interleukin; PD-1: programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand-1; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; SCLC: small cell lung cancer; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell cancer; ICD: immunogenic cell death; TME: tumor microenvironment; CTLs: cytotoxic T lymphocytes; TCR: T cell receptor; MHC class 1: major histocompatibility complex class 1; DC: dendritic cell; APC: antigen-presenting cell; PD-L2: programmed death-ligand-2; STAT6: signal transducers and activators of transcription 6; PLG: poly (L-glutamic acid); mPEG: methoxy poly (ethylene glycol); LLC1: Lewis lung carcinoma 1; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT: protein kinase B; MOC1: mouse oral cancer 1; cGAS: cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase; STING: stimulator of interferon genes; FDA: food and drug administration; cHL: classical Hodgkin's lymphoma; PMBCL: primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; MCC: merkel cell carcinoma; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; ORR: overall response rate; OR: overall response; OS: overall survival; PFS: progression-free survival; vs: versus; EFGR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK: anaplastic lymphoma kinase; ES: extensive stage; CPS: combined positive score; DOR: duration of response; ITT: intention to treat; NMPA: national medical products administration; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; NPC: nasopharyngeal cancer; DLT: dose-limiting toxicity; MTD: maximum tolerated dose; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer; GC: gastric cancer; GEJC: gastroesophageal junction carcinoma; DCR: disease control rate; BTC: biliary tract cancer; TTR: time to response; PR: partial response; SD: stable disease; PD: progressive disease; IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration; IFN: interferon; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; NK: natural killer cell; M6PR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor; GrzB: granzyme B; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu J, Miao L, Sui J, Hao Y, Huang G. Nanoparticle cancer vaccines: Design considerations and recent advances. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:576-590. [PMID: 33193861 PMCID: PMC7610208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines therapeutics manipulate host's immune system and have broad potential for cancer prevention and treatment. However, due to poor immunogenicity and limited safety, fewer cancer vaccines have been successful in clinical trials. Over the past decades, nanotechnology has been exploited to deliver cancer vaccines, eliciting long-lasting and effective immune responses. Compared to traditional vaccines, cancer vaccines delivered by nanomaterials can be tuned towards desired immune profiles by (1) optimizing the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterial carriers, (2) modifying the nanomaterials with targeting molecules, or (3) co-encapsulating with immunostimulators. In order to develop vaccines with desired immunogenicity, a thorough understanding of parameters that affect immune responses is required. Herein, we discussed the effects of physicochemical properties on antigen presentation and immune response, including but not limited to size, particle rigidity, intrinsic immunogenicity. Furthermore, we provided a detailed overview of recent preclinical and clinical advances in nanotechnology for cancer vaccines, and considerations for future directions in advancing the vaccine platform to widespread anti-cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Lei Miao
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiying Sui
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Yanyun Hao
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Guihua Huang
- The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
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Saxena P, Singh PK, Malik PS, Singh N. Immunotherapy Alone or in Combination with Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:69. [PMID: 32720019 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-020-00768-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the management of metastatic and selected cases of unresectable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Importantly for patients, this implies that in the absence of a targetable oncogenic driver [especially epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements] and in the presence of high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (≥ 50%), they are eligible for mono-therapy with pembrolizumab thereby avoiding chemotherapy as the first line of treatment. This mono-immunotherapy approach for high PD-L1 metastatic NSCLC is associated with improved overall survival (OS) and radiological responses (RR) with lesser toxicity as compared with conventional platinum doublet chemotherapy for both non-squamous and squamous histological types.However, majority of NSCLC patients either have no or low expression of PD-L1 (< 50%) and such patients derive greater benefit from a combination of PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs with platinum doublet chemotherapy as compared with chemotherapy alone. Again, benefits are seen for both OS and RRs. However, combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, in general, does lead to higher toxicity than those seen with either of the two alone.Additionally, for non-squamous NSCLC patients, clinicians should not initiate ICI treatment till the results of common targetable genetic alterations like EGFR mutation, ALK, and ROS1 gene rearrangement testing are known (preferably on broad next generation sequencing) and are negative (even if results of PD-L1 testing are available)-as targeted therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment for patients harboring these oncogenic drivers.It is worth mentioning that PD-1 and PD-L1 ICIs are very expensive, and their usage is associated with occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) which occasionally can be severe. Hence, it is important to discuss efficacy, toxicity, and cost-related to ICI treatment with each and every patient at diagnosis in order to help them decide if they are willing to go ahead with this form of therapy either singly (for high PD-L1 expressors) or in combination with chemotherapy (for others).
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Saxena
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGIMS), University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Bhatia K, Bhumika, Das A. Combinatorial drug therapy in cancer - New insights. Life Sci 2020; 258:118134. [PMID: 32717272 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer can arise due to mutations in numerous pathways present in our body and thus has many alternatives for getting aggravated. Due to this attribute, it gets difficult to treat cancer patients with monotherapy alone and has a risk of not being eliminated to the full extent. This necessitates the introduction of combinatorial therapy as it employs cancer treatment using more than one method and shows a greater success rate. Combinatorial therapy involves a complementary combination of two different therapies like a combination of radio and immunotherapy or a combination of drugs that can target more than one pathway of cancer formation like combining CDK targeting drugs with Growth factors targeting drugs. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of cancer which include, its causes; four regulatory mechanisms namely: apoptosis, cyclin-dependent kinases, tumor suppressor genes, and growth factors; some of the pathways involved; treatment: monotherapy and combinatorial therapy and combinatorial drug formulation in chemotherapy. The present review gives a holistic account of the different mechanisms of therapies and also drug combinations that may serve to not only complement the monotherapy but can also surpass the resistance against monotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanpreet Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Bhumika
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India.
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Mu W, Chu Q, Liu Y, Zhang N. A Review on Nano-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:142. [PMID: 34138136 PMCID: PMC7770879 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although notable progress has been made on novel cancer treatments, the overall survival rate and therapeutic effects are still unsatisfactory for cancer patients. Chemoimmunotherapy, combining chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutic drugs, has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, with the advantages of cooperating two kinds of treatment mechanism, reducing the dosage of the drug and enhancing therapeutic effect. Moreover, nano-based drug delivery system (NDDS) was applied to encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents and exhibited outstanding properties such as targeted delivery, tumor microenvironment response and site-specific release. Several nanocarriers have been approved in clinical cancer chemotherapy and showed significant improvement in therapeutic efficiency compared with traditional formulations, such as liposomes (Doxil®, Lipusu®), nanoparticles (Abraxane®) and micelles (Genexol-PM®). The applications of NDDS to chemoimmunotherapy would be a powerful strategy for future cancer treatment, which could greatly enhance the therapeutic efficacy, reduce the side effects and optimize the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Herein, the current approaches of cancer immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy were discussed, and recent advances of NDDS applied for chemoimmunotherapy were further reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Raudenska M, Balvan J, Fojtu M, Gumulec J, Masarik M. Unexpected therapeutic effects of cisplatin. Metallomics 2020; 11:1182-1199. [PMID: 31098602 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that is clinically approved to fight both carcinomas and sarcomas. It has relatively high efficiency in treating ovarian cancers and metastatic testicular cancers. It is generally accepted that the major mechanism of cisplatin anti-cancer action is DNA damage. However, cisplatin is also effective in metastatic cancers and should, therefore, affect slow-cycling cancer stem cells in some way. In this review, we focused on the alternative effects of cisplatin that can support a good therapeutic response. First, attention was paid to the effects of cisplatin at the cellular level such as changes in intracellular pH and cellular mechanical properties. Alternative cellular targets of cisplatin, and the effects of cisplatin on cancer cell metabolism and ER stress were also discussed. Furthermore, the impacts of cisplatin on the tumor microenvironment and in the whole organism context were reviewed. In this review, we try to reveal possible causes of the unexpected effectiveness of this anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fojtu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. and Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Otsuka K, Mitsuhashi A, Goto H, Hanibuchi M, Koyama K, Ogawa H, Ogino H, Saijo A, Kozai H, Yoneda H, Tobiume M, Kishuku M, Ishizawa K, Nishioka Y. Anti-PD-1 antibody combined with chemotherapy suppresses the growth of mesothelioma by reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:86-96. [PMID: 32526602 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody with chemotherapy has been approved for the first-line therapy of lung cancer. However, the effects against malignant mesothelioma (MPM) and the immunological mechanisms by which chemotherapy enhances the effect of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 in MPM are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized syngeneic mouse models of MPM and lung cancer and assessed the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibody and its combination with cisplatin (CDDP) and pemetrexed (PEM). An immunological analysis of tumor-infiltrating cells was performed with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We observed significant therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibody against MPM. Although the effect was associated with CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in tumors, the number of Foxp3+ cells was not reduced but rather increased. Consequently, combination with CDDP/PEM significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 antibody by decreasing numbers of intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and vessels probably through suppression of VEGF expression by CDDP + PEM. CONCLUSIONS The combination of anti-PD-1 antibody with CDDP + PEM may be a promising therapy for MPM via inhibiting the accumulation of MDSCs and vessels in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Otsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Goto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Koyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Atsuro Saijo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kozai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yoneda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Tobiume
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kishuku
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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Abstract
Over the past year, the combination of platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy has become the standard of care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with any programmed death ligand 1 tumor proportion score. There is preclinical evidence demonstrating potential synergistic immunomodulation with combination therapy by enhancing immune-mediated tumor death and by disrupting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that prevents immune detection. This potential synergy or complementary activity has been demonstrated in clinical trials showing improved and durable responses with chemo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Judd
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Hossein Borghaei
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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Kunimasa K, Goto T. Immunosurveillance and Immunoediting of Lung Cancer: Current Perspectives and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E597. [PMID: 31963413 PMCID: PMC7014343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a dual role in tumor evolution-it can identify and control nascent tumor cells in a process called immunosurveillance and can promote tumor progression through immunosuppression via various mechanisms. Thus, bilateral host-protective and tumor-promoting actions of immunity are integrated as cancer immunoediting. In this decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway inhibitors, have changed the treatment paradigm of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These agents are approved for the treatment of patients with NSCLC and demonstrate impressive clinical activity and durable responses in some patients. However, for many NSCLC patients, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited. To optimize the full utility of the immune system for eradicating cancer, a broader understanding of cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting is essential. In this review, we discuss the fundamental knowledge of the phenomena and provide an overview of the next-generation immunotherapies in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 541-8567, Japan;
- Genome Analysis Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
| | - Taichiro Goto
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Disease Center, Yamanashi Central Hospital, Yamanashi 400-8506, Japan
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36
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Harabuchi S, Kosaka A, Yajima Y, Nagata M, Hayashi R, Kumai T, Ohara K, Nagato T, Oikawa K, Ohara M, Harabuchi Y, Ohkuri T, Kobayashi H. Intratumoral STING activations overcome negative impact of cisplatin on antitumor immunity by inflaming tumor microenvironment in squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:408-414. [PMID: 31771883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although cisplatin (CDDP) has been used as a major chemotherapeutic drug for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), its impact on T-cell functions is controversial. Therefore, we investigated the immunologic effects of CDDP and antitumor effects by combination therapy of CDDP with a ligand for stimulator of interferon genes, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP). Direct impacts of CDDP on T-cell functions were addressed by comparing T-cell functions between human subjects treated and untreated with CDDP. The immune responses and the efficacy of combination therapy using CDDP and cGAMP were assessed using BALB/c mice inoculated with mouse squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. CDDP inhibited T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. T-cell functions of CDDP-treated HNSCC patients were comparable to those of healthy donors and CDDP-untreated HNSCC patients. In the mice bearing SCC cell lines, combination therapy using CDDP and cGAMP enhanced the gene expressions of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the tumor tissues and inhibited tumor growth. The antitumor effect was cancelled by anti-CXCR3 monoclonal antibody. These findings suggest that the combination therapy using CDDP and an immunomodulating drug like cGAMP would be a rational cancer immunotherapy for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Harabuchi
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Yajima
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Marino Nagata
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kenzo Ohara
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ohara
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Head and Neck Surgery Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, Japan.
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Qiu Z, Chen Z, Zhang C, Zhong W. Achievements and futures of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2019; 8:19. [PMID: 31463163 PMCID: PMC6706908 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-019-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been threatening human health for years. Cytotoxicity-based chemotherapy seems to reach plateau in NSCLC treatment. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1/L1) axis are to provide long-term survival benefits for wild-type advanced NSCLC patients with acceptable adverse effects. Though beneficiary population is limited from monotherapy, combination strategies are expanding indicators. Retrospective evidences suggested ICIs are also potentially useful for brain metastasis. Furthermore, the combination of ICIs and surgery are to prolong progression free survival time for local advanced patients. Additionally, novel agents targeting in immune checkpoints other than PD-1/L1 demonstrated potential values in anticancer immunity. Herein, we summarize the novel therapies of checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC treatment and some other potential immunotherapy to provide a conspectus for novel immunotherapy in NSCLC and perspective for the future in anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Qiu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Wenzhao Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
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38
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The Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081172. [PMID: 31416205 PMCID: PMC6721633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard-of-care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) includes chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies, even though the addition of anti-angiogenic agents to backbone chemotherapy provides little benefit for overall survival. Since the approval of anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and aflibercept, for the management of mCRC over a decade ago, extensive efforts have been devoted to discovering predictive factors of the anti-angiogenic response, unsuccessfully. Recent evidence has suggested a potential correlation between angiogenesis and immune phenotypes associated with colorectal cancer. Here, we review evidence of interactions between tumor angiogenesis, the immune microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming. More specifically, we will highlight such interactions as inferred from our novel immune-metabolic (IM) signature, which groups mCRC into three distinct clusters, namely inflamed-stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 1), inflamed-non stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 2), and non-inflamed or cold (IM Cluster 3), and discuss the merits of the IM classification as a guide to new immune-metabolic combinatorial therapeutic strategies in mCRC.
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39
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Grunwitz C, Salomon N, Vascotto F, Selmi A, Bukur T, Diken M, Kreiter S, Türeci Ö, Sahin U. HPV16 RNA-LPX vaccine mediates complete regression of aggressively growing HPV-positive mouse tumors and establishes protective T cell memory. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1629259. [PMID: 31428528 PMCID: PMC6685602 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1629259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV16 infections are associated with a variety of cancers and there is compelling evidence that the transforming activity of HPV16 critically depends on the expression of the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. Therapeutic cancer vaccines capable of generating durable and specific immunity against these HPV16 antigens hold great promise to achieve long-term disease control. Here we show in mice that HPV16 E7 RNA-LPX, an intravenously administered cancer vaccine based on immuno-pharmacologically optimized antigen-encoding mRNA, efficiently primes and expands antigen-specific effector and memory CD8+ T cells. HPV-positive TC-1 and C3 tumors of immunized mice are heavily infiltrated with activated immune cells and HPV16-specific T cells and are polarized towards a proinflammatory, cytotoxic and less immune-suppressive contexture. E7 RNA-LPX immunization mediates complete and durable remission of progressing tumors. Circulating memory T cells are highly cytotoxic and protect from tumor rechallenge. Moreover, E7 RNA-LPX immunization sensitizes anti-PD-L1 refractory tumors to checkpoint blockade. In conclusion, our data highlight the potential of HPV16 RNA-LPX for the treatment of HPV-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grunwitz
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Salomon
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abderaouf Selmi
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Bukur
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany.,TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
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Kuo CHS, Wang CC, Huang YC, Pavlidis S, Liu CY, Ko HW, Chung FT, Lin TY, Wang CL, Guo YK, Yang CT. Comparison of a combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors alone for the treatment of advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:1158-1166. [PMID: 30950239 PMCID: PMC6501017 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve survival outcomes compared to chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but treatment efficacy widely varies. The combination of ICIs with chemotherapy has shown promising efficacy over chemotherapy alone; however, whether this strategy is superior to single agent ICIs for the treatment of advanced NSCLC remains unknown. Methods The records of 109 patients with advanced NSCLC who were administered at least one cycle of ICIs were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of a chemotherapy treatment combination. Efficacy and survival outcomes were analyzed. Result Sixty‐nine (58.0%) patients received single agent ICIs (ICI group) and 50 (42.0%) received ICIs and chemotherapy (ICC group). The median (3.2 vs. 3.0 months; P = 0.025) and one‐year (34.5 vs. 9.6%; P = 0.026) progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were significantly better in the ICC than in the ICI group. The superior efficacy of ICC remained in the propensity score matched pairs (median PFS 3.2 vs. 2.6 months, P = 0.032; 1‐year PFS 35.2 vs. 7.6%; P = 0.035). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–1 (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22–0.62; P < 0.001) and the ICC group (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.94; P = 0.028) were predictive of PFS. Subgroup‐to‐chemotherapy interaction revealed improved risk reduction for adenocarcinoma and EGFR mutation. Conclusion Combing chemotherapy with ICIs improved treatment efficacy over ICIs alone. The additional efficacy of chemotherapy may differ between histological subtypes and EGFR mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsi Scott Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Lung Cancer and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Computing, Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chin-Chou Wang
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Airway Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stelios Pavlidis
- Department of Computing, Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chien-Ying Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Lung Cancer and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - How-Wen Ko
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Lung Cancer and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tsai Chung
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Lung Cancer and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Yu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Lung Cancer and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Lung Cancer and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Department of Computing, Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Lung Cancer and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Combined Checkpoint Inhibition and Chemotherapy: New Era of 1 st-Line Treatment for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2019; 13:1-6. [PMID: 30976658 PMCID: PMC6444295 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy has long been the first-line treatment of choice for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who lack targetable gene mutations. The arrival of checkpoint blockade has led to a vast shift in the treatment landscape of NSCLC. Among NSCLC patients with PD-L1 expression in ≥50% of tumor cells, treatment with pembrolizumab leads to a superior progression-free and overall survival compared to platinum-doublet chemotherapy in the first-line setting. Furthermore, the addition of pembrolizumab to standard chemotherapy of pemetrexed and a platinum-based drug resulted in significant longer progression-free survival and overall survival irrespective to PD-L1 expression. In this review, we focus on the molecular rationale for the combination therapy and the results of completed clinical studies.
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Oxaliplatin Treatment Alters Systemic Immune Responses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4650695. [PMID: 30906773 PMCID: PMC6398049 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4650695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent demonstrating significant antitumor efficacy. Unlike conventional anticancer agents which are immunosuppressive, oxaliplatin has the capacity to stimulate immunological effects in response to the presentation of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) elicited upon cell death. However, the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on systemic immune responses remain largely unknown. Aims of this study were to investigate the effects of oxaliplatin treatment on the proportions of (1) splenic T cells, B cells, macrophages, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, gene expression of splenic cytokines, chemokines, and mediators; (2) double-positive and single-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T thymocytes; (3) bone-marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Methods Male BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal injections of oxaliplatin (3mg/kg/d) or sterile water tri-weekly for 2 weeks. Leukocyte populations within the spleen, thymus, and bone-marrow were assessed using flow cytometry. RT-PCR was performed to characterise changes in splenic inflammation-associated genes. Results Oxaliplatin treatment reduced spleen size and cellularity (CD45+ cells), increased the proportion of CD4+, CD8+, and Treg cells, and elevated TNF-α expression. Oxaliplatin was selectively cytotoxic to B cells but had no effect on splenic macrophages. Oxaliplatin treatment altered the gene expression of several cytokines, chemokines, and cell mediators. Oxaliplatin did not deplete double-positive thymocytes but increased the single-positive CD8+ subset. There was also an increase in activated (CD69+) CD8+ T cells. Bone-marrow hematopoietic progenitor pool was demonstrably normal following oxaliplatin treatment when compared to the vehicle-treated cohort. Conclusion Oxaliplatin does not cause systemic immunosuppression and, instead, has the capacity to induce beneficial antitumor immune responses.
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Patente TA, Pinho MP, Oliveira AA, Evangelista GCM, Bergami-Santos PC, Barbuto JAM. Human Dendritic Cells: Their Heterogeneity and Clinical Application Potential in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3176. [PMID: 30719026 PMCID: PMC6348254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise, involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance in homeostatic conditions. Their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity points to their great plasticity and ability to modulate, according to their microenvironment, the acquired immune response and, at the same time, makes their precise classification complex and frequently subject to reviews and improvement. This review will present general aspects of the DC physiology and classification and will address their potential and actual uses in the management of human disease, more specifically cancer, as therapeutic and monitoring tools. New combination treatments with the participation of DC will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Patente
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Pinho
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C M Evangelista
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia C Bergami-Santos
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José A M Barbuto
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Discipline of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu M, O'Connor RS, Trefely S, Graham K, Snyder NW, Beatty GL. Metabolic rewiring of macrophages by CpG potentiates clearance of cancer cells and overcomes tumor-expressed CD47-mediated 'don't-eat-me' signal. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:265-275. [PMID: 30664738 PMCID: PMC6380920 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages enforce anti-tumor immunity by engulfing and killing tumor cells. Although these functions are determined by a balance of stimulatory and inhibitory signals, the role of macrophage metabolism is unknown. Here, we study the capacity of macrophages to circumvent inhibitory activity mediated by CD47 on cancer cells. We show that stimulation with CpG, a TLR9 agonist, evokes changes in the central carbon metabolism of macrophages that enable anti-tumor activity, including engulfment of CD47+ cancer cells. CpG activation engenders a metabolic state, that requires fatty acid oxidation and shunting of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates for de novo lipid biosynthesis. This integration of metabolic inputs is underpinned by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and ATP citrate lyase, which together, impart macrophages with anti-tumor potential capable of overcoming inhibitory CD47 on cancer cells. Our findings identify central carbon metabolism to be a novel determinant and potential therapeutic target for stimulating anti-tumor activity by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingen Liu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roddy S O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Graham
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Allahverdy A, Moghaddam AK, Rahbar S, Shafiekhani S, Mirzaie HR, Amanpour S, Etemadi Y, Hadjati J, Jafari AH. An Agent-based Model for Investigating the Effect of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and its Depletion on Tumor Immune Surveillance. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2019; 9:15-23. [PMID: 30967986 PMCID: PMC6419563 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_33_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict the behavior of biological systems, mathematical models of biological systems have been shown to be useful. In particular, mathematical models of tumor-immune system interactions have demonstrated promising results in prediction of different behaviors of tumor against the immune system. METHODS This study aimed at the introduction of a new model of tumor-immune system interaction, which includes tumor and immune cells as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs are immune suppressor cells that help the tumor cells to escape the immune system. The structure of this model is agent-based which makes possible to investigate each component as a separate agent. Moreover, in this model, the effect of low dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on MDSCs depletion was considered. RESULTS Based on the findings of this study, MDSCs had suppressive effect on increment of immune cell number which consequently result in tumor cells escape the immune cells. It has also been demonstrated that low-dose 5-FU could help immune system eliminate the tumor cells through MDSCs depletion. CONCLUSION Using this new agent-based model, multiple injection of low-dose 5-FU could eliminate MDSCs and therefore might have the potential to be considered in treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Allahverdy
- Department of Radiology, Sari School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Khorrami Moghaddam
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Rahbar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadjad Shafiekhani
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Amanpour
- Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Etemadi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Hadjati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Jafari
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Englinger B, Pirker C, Heffeter P, Terenzi A, Kowol CR, Keppler BK, Berger W. Metal Drugs and the Anticancer Immune Response. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1519-1624. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Englinger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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47
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Phan M, Watson MF, Alain T, Diallo JS. Oncolytic Viruses on Drugs: Achieving Higher Therapeutic Efficacy. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1448-1467. [PMID: 30152676 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years there has been a dramatic expansion in the testing of oncolytic viruses (OVs) for the treatment of cancer. OVs are unique biotherapeutics that induce multimodal responses toward tumors, from direct cytopathic effects on cancer cells, to tumor associated blood vessel disruption, and ultimately potent stimulation of anti-tumor immune activation. These agents are highly targeted and can be efficacious as cancer treatments resulting in some patients experiencing complete tumor regression and even cures from OV monotherapy. However, most patients have limited responses with viral replication in tumors often found to be modest and transient. To augment OV replication, increase bystander killing of cancer cells, and/or stimulate stronger targeted anti-cancer immune responses, drug combination approaches have taken center stage for translation to the clinic. Here we comprehensively review drugs that have been combined with OVs to increase therapeutic efficacy, examining the proposed mechanisms of action, and we discuss trends in pharmaco-viral immunotherapeutic approaches currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Phan
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Margaret F. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road Research Building 2, Second Floor, Room 2119, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road Research Building 2, Second Floor, Room 2119, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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Jang HY, Han BS, Kwon B, Sin JI. Optimized Gemcitabine Therapy in Combination with E7 Peptide Immunization Elicits Tumor Cure by Preventing Ag-Specific CTL Inhibition in Animals with Large Established Tumors. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:850-860. [PMID: 30227079 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of chemotherapeutic agents in tumor immunotherapy is still controversial. In this study, we test using a TC-1 tumor model whether gemcitabine plus E7 peptide vaccine regimens (E7 peptides+CpG-ODN+anti-4-1BB Abs) may result in tumor cure in mice with large established tumors, with a focus on their effects on Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and myeloid-derived suppressor cell levels. Gemcitabine inhibited tumor growth by its direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells in vivo. E7 peptide vaccine regimens enhanced Ag-specific CTL lytic and antitumor therapeutic activity. Initial combination therapy using gemcitabine and E7 peptide vaccine regimens resulted in tumor regression with tumor relapse in animals with large established tumors, which appeared to result from the suppression of Ag-specific CTL activity by gemcitabine treatment. However, optimization of gemcitabine therapy by reducing its dose and frequency led to complete tumor regression without any recurring tumors in all tested mice even after discontinuation of therapy, possibly due to Ag-specific CTL responses. Thus, this study shows that the optimal dose and therapy frequency of gemcitabine are critical for achieving tumor cure in tumor-bearing animals undergoing E7 peptide vaccine regimen therapy, mainly by preventing CTL suppression. These findings may have implications for designing peptide-based therapeutic vaccines in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Young Jang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Baek-Sang Han
- 2 BK21 Plus Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Im Sin
- 1 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea.,2 BK21 Plus Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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Mabuchi S, Yokoi E, Komura N, Kimura T. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their role in gynecological malignancies. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318776485. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318776485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that exhibit immunosuppressive activity (they block the proliferation and activity of both T cells and natural killer cells). In addition to their role in suppressing immune responses, myeloid-derived suppressor cells directly stimulate tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In the area of gynecological cancer, increased numbers of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells or tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells have been detected, and the increased frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with a poor prognosis. Thus, the successful myeloid-derived suppressor cells depletion may hold the key to maximizing existing anti-cancer therapies and improving the prognosis of gynecological cancer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding myeloid-derived suppressor cells biology, clinical significance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and the potential myeloid-derived suppressor cells–targeting strategies in gynecological cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eriko Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Achard C, Surendran A, Wedge ME, Ungerechts G, Bell J, Ilkow CS. Lighting a Fire in the Tumor Microenvironment Using Oncolytic Immunotherapy. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:17-24. [PMID: 29724655 PMCID: PMC6013846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is potentially a game-changing cancer treatment that has garnered significant interest due to its versatility and multi-modal approaches towards tumor eradication. In the field of cancer immunotherapy, the immunological phenotype of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important determinant of disease prognosis and therapeutic success. There is accumulating data that OVs are capable of dramatically altering the TME immune landscape, leading to improved antitumor activity alone or in combination with assorted immune modulators. Herein, we review how OVs disrupt the immunosuppressive TME and can be used strategically to create a "pro-immune" microenvironment that enables and promotes potent, long-lasting host antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Achard
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Abera Surendran
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Wedge
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.
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