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Kumar R, George B, Campbell MR, Verma N, Paul AM, Melo-Alvim C, Ribeiro L, Pillai MR, da Costa LM, Moasser MM. HER family in cancer progression: From discovery to 2020 and beyond. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 147:109-160. [PMID: 32593399 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are among the first layer of molecules that receive, interpret, and transduce signals leading to distinct cancer cell phenotypes. Since the discovery of the tooth-lid factor-later characterized as the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-and its high-affinity binding EGF receptor, HER kinases have emerged as one of the commonly upregulated or hyperactivated or mutated kinases in epithelial tumors, thus allowing HER1-3 family members to regulate several hallmarks of cancer development and progression. Each member of the HER family exhibits shared and unique structural features to engage multiple receptor activation modes, leading to a range of overlapping and distinct phenotypes. EGFR, the founding HER family member, provided the roadmap for the development of the cell surface RTK-directed targeted cancer therapy by serving as a prototype/precursor for the currently used HER-directed cancer drugs. We herein provide a brief account of the discoveries, defining moments, and historical context of the HER family and guidepost advances in basic, translational, and clinical research that solidified a prominent position of the HER family in cancer research and treatment. We also discuss the significance of HER3 pseudokinase in cancer biology; its unique structural features that drive transregulation among HER1-3, leading to a superior proximal signaling response; and potential role of HER3 as a shared effector of acquired therapeutic resistance against diverse oncology drugs. Finally, we also narrate some of the current drawbacks of HER-directed therapies and provide insights into postulated advances in HER biology with extensive implications of these therapies in cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Bijesh George
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Marcia R Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nandini Verma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Mumbai, India
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Cecília Melo-Alvim
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Luis Marques da Costa
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Wong SK, Mohamad NV, Giaze TR, Chin KY, Mohamed N, Ima-Nirwana S. Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases: The Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2587. [PMID: 31137764 PMCID: PMC6567184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer often develop bone metastases, leading to bone pain, skeletal fracture, and increased mortality. Bone provides a hospitable microenvironment to tumor cells. The disease manifestation is driven by the interaction between invading tumor cells, bone-forming osteoblasts, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The increased level of osteoclast-activating factor (parathyroid hormone-related peptide, PTHrP) is believed to induce bone resorption by upregulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and the release of various growth factors into the bone microenvironment to enhance cancer cell growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review outlines the possible molecular mechanisms involved in governing bone metastases driven by prostate cancer, which further provide the basis in searching for new molecular targets for the development of potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Nur-Vaizura Mohamad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Tijjani Rabiu Giaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
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Diagnostic Outcome of Image-Guided Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy of Sclerotic Bone Lesions: A Meta-Analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 212:625-631. [PMID: 30589380 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.20243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic outcome (diagnostic yield and accuracy) of image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) of sclerotic bone lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed to identify relevant original articles on the use of image-guided percutaneous CNB of sclerotic bone lesions. The pooled proportions of the diagnostic yield and pooled accuracy estimates were assessed using random-effects modeling. We also performed subgroup analyses of the diagnostic yield according to the drill systems (battery-powered vs manual). Heterogeneity among studies was determined using the inconsistency index (I2). Meta-regression analyses were performed to evaluate the potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Fifteen eligible studies, involving 969 sclerotic bone lesions for diagnostic yield, and 242 sclerotic bone lesions for diagnostic accuracy, were included. The pooled proportion of the diagnostic yield of image-guided percutaneous CNB of sclerotic bone lesions was 74% (95% CI, 62-84%), and the pooled accuracy estimate for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions was 87% (95% CI, 77-93%). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled proportion of the diagnostic yield of the battery-powered drill system (76.7% [95% CI, 64.0-85.8%]) was higher than that of the manual drill system (65.2% [95% CI, 58.0-71.8%]). In the meta-regression analyses, no variables were significantly different (p = 0.13-0.93). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we determined that image-guided percutaneous CNB of sclerotic bone lesions is an accurate diagnostic technique with good diagnostic yield, particularly when the battery-powered bone biopsy system is used.
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D'Abronzo LS, Pan CX, Ghosh PM. Evaluation of Protein Levels of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ErbB3 in Serum. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1655:319-334. [PMID: 28889394 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) consists of four members: EGFR1/ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3, and HER4/ErbB4. Signaling through these receptors regulates many key cellular activities, such as cell division, migration, adhesion, differentiation, and apoptosis. The ErbB family has been shown to be overexpressed in different types of cancers and is a target of several inhibitors already in clinical trials. ErbB3 lacks a functional tyrosine kinase domain and therefore has not been as extensively studied as the other members of this family, but its importance in activating downstream pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt pathway, makes this RTK a worthy investigation target, especially in urothelial carcinoma where the PI3K/Akt pathway is vital for progression. In recent times, ErbB3 overexpression has been linked to drug resistance and progression of various diseases, especially cancer. ErbB3 levels in the serum were shown in many cases to be reflective of its role in disease progression, and therefore detection of serum ErbB3 levels during treatment may be of importance.Here we describe two methods for detecting ErbB3 protein in serum from patients who have undergone a clinical trial, utilizing two well-established methods in molecular biology-western blotting and ELISA, focusing on sample preparation and troubleshooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S D'Abronzo
- VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- VA Northern California Health Care System, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 YStreet, Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Memon AA, Gilliver SC, Borre M, Sundquist J, Sundquist K, Nexo E, Sorensen BS. Soluble HER3 predicts survival in bladder cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1783-1788. [PMID: 29434875 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor (sHER3) in bladder cancer remains unclear. In the present study, an ELISA was developed for the quantification of sHER3 and its role was investigated in patients with bladder cancer (n=82) followed for 10 years. Furthermore, the effects of sHER3 on bladder cancer cell growth and migration were also investigated. The results demonstrated that plasma sHER3 levels were significantly higher in non-invasive tumours (Ta) compared with muscle-invasive tumours (T2-T4). Higher sHER3 levels were associated with a more improved survival rate. However multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for clinical stage, grade, type and size of the tumour, demonstrated that sHER3 was not an independent biomarker of survival. Exogenous sHER3 significantly inhibited bladder cancer cell growth and migration. These results suggest that high sHER3 levels are associated with improved survival rates in patients with bladder cancer, and that sHER3 inhibits bladder cancer cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaque A Memon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Gilliver
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ebba Nexo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Boe S Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
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Hayes DA, Kunde DA, Taylor RL, Pyecroft SB, Sohal SS, Snow ET. ERBB3: A potential serum biomarker for early detection and therapeutic target for devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177919. [PMID: 28591206 PMCID: PMC5462353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil Facial Tumour 1 (DFT1) is one of two transmissible neoplasms of Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) predominantly affecting their facial regions. DFT1's cellular origin is that of Schwann cell lineage where lesions are evident macroscopically late in the disease. Conversely, the pre-clinical timeframe from cellular transmission to appearance of DFT1 remains uncertain demonstrating the importance of an effective pre-clinical biomarker. We show that ERBB3, a marker expressed normally by the developing neural crest and Schwann cells, is immunohistohemically expressed by DFT1, therefore the potential of ERBB3 as a biomarker was explored. Under the hypothesis that serum ERBB3 levels may increase as DFT1 invades local and distant tissues our pilot study determined serum ERBB3 levels in normal Tasmanian devils and Tasmanian devils with DFT1. Compared to the baseline serum ERBB3 levels in unaffected Tasmanian devils, Tasmanian devils with DFT1 showed significant elevation of serum ERBB3 levels. Interestingly Tasmanian devils with cutaneous lymphoma (CL) also showed elevation of serum ERBB3 levels when compared to the baseline serum levels of Tasmanian devils without DFT1. Thus, elevated serum ERBB3 levels in otherwise healthy looking devils could predict possible DFT1 or CL in captive or wild devil populations and would have implications on the management, welfare and survival of Tasmanian devils. ERBB3 is also a therapeutic target and therefore the potential exists to consider modes of administration that may eradicate DFT1 from the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane A. Hayes
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks Water and Environment, Animal Health Laboratory, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Dale A. Kunde
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Taylor
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks Water and Environment, Resource Management and Conservation, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Stephen B. Pyecroft
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Elizabeth T. Snow
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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Labib M, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Electrochemical Methods for the Analysis of Clinically Relevant Biomolecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9001-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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Molecular regulation of bone marrow metastasis in prostate and breast cancer. BONE MARROW RESEARCH 2014; 2014:405920. [PMID: 25147739 PMCID: PMC4134798 DOI: 10.1155/2014/405920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process, which refers to the ability to leave a primary tumor through circulation toward the distant tissue and form a secondary tumor. Bone is a common site of metastasis, in which osteolytic and osteoblastic metastasis are observed. Signaling pathways, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and cellular interactions as well as miRNAs have been known to play an important role in the development of bone metastasis. These factors provide an appropriate environment (soil) for growth and survival of metastatic tumor cells (seed) in bone marrow microenvironment. Recognition of these factors and determination of their individual roles in the development of metastasis and disruption of cellular interactions can provide important therapeutic targets for treatment of these patients, which can also be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Thus, in this paper, we have attempted to highlight the molecular regulation of bone marrow metastasis in prostate and breast cancers.
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Asav E, Sezgintürk MK. A novel impedimetric disposable immunosensor for rapid detection of a potential cancer biomarker. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 66:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of cancer associated biomarker HER3 based on anti-HER3 biosensor. Talanta 2014; 120:355-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Canbaz MÇ, Şimşek ÇS, Sezgintürk MK. Electrochemical biosensor based on self-assembled monolayers modified with gold nanoparticles for detection of HER-3. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 814:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jullien N, Dieudonné FX, Habel N, Marty C, Modrowski D, Patino A, Lecanda F, Sévère N, Marie PJ. ErbB3 silencing reduces osteosarcoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. Gene 2013; 521:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jathal MK, Chen L, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Targeting ErbB3: the New RTK(id) on the Prostate Cancer Block. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 11:131-149. [PMID: 21603064 DOI: 10.2174/187152211795495643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most prostate cancers (PCa) are critically reliant on functional androgen receptor (AR) signaling. At its onset, PCa is androgen-dependent and although temporarily halted by surgically or pharmacologically blocking the AR (androgen ablation), the disease ultimately recurs as an aggressive, fatal castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). FDA-approved treatments like docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent, and Provenge, a cancer vaccine, extend survival by a scant 3 and 4 months, respectively. It is clear that more effective drugs targeting CRPC are urgently needed. The ErbB family (EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2/HER2/neu, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4) of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been implicated in PCa initiation and progression, but inhibitors of ErbB1 and ErbB2 (prototypic family members) fared poorly in PCa clinical trials. Recent research suggests that another family member ErbB3 abets emergence of the castration-resistant phenotype. Considerable efforts are being directed towards understanding ErbB3-mediated molecular mechanisms of castration resistance and searching for novel ways of inhibiting ErbB3 activity via rational drug design. Antibody-based therapy that prevents ligand binding to ErbB3 appears promising and fully-humanized antibodies that inhibit ligand-induced phosphorylation of ErbB3 are currently in early development. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are also being vigorously pursued, as are siRNA-based approaches and combination treatment strategies- the simultaneous suppression of ErbB3 and its signaling partners or downstream effectors - with the primary purpose of undermining the resiliency of ErbB3-mediated signal transduction. This review summarizes the existing literature and reinforces the importance of ErbB3 as a therapeutic target in the clinical management of prostate cancer.
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Genetically dependent ERBB3 expression modulates antigen presenting cell function and type 1 diabetes risk. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11789. [PMID: 20668683 PMCID: PMC2909911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from the complex interaction between multiple susceptibility genes, environmental factors and the immune system. Over 40 T1D susceptibility regions have been suggested by recent genome-wide association studies; however, the specific genes and their role in the disease remain elusive. The objective of this study is to identify the susceptibility gene(s) in the 12q13 region and investigate the functional link to the disease pathogenesis. A total of 19 SNPs in the 12q13 region were analyzed by the TaqMan assay for 1,434 T1D patients and 1,865 controls. Thirteen of the SNPs are associated with T1D (best p = 4x10(-11)), thus providing confirmatory evidence for at least one susceptibility gene in this region. To identify candidate genes, expression of six genes in the region was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for PBMCs from 192 T1D patients and 192 controls. SNP genotypes in the 12q13 region are the main factors that determine ERBB3 mRNA levels in PBMCs. The protective genotypes for T1D are associated with higher ERBB3 mRNA level (p<10(-10)). Furthermore, ERBB3 protein is expressed on the surface of CD11c(+) cells (dendritic cells and monocytes) in peripheral blood after stimulation with LPS, polyI:C or CpG. Subjects with protective genotypes have significantly higher percentages of ERBB3(+) monocytes and dendritic cells (p = 1.1x10(-9)); and the percentages of ERBB3(+) cells positively correlate with the ability of APC to stimulate T cell proliferation (R(2) = 0.90, p<0.0001). Our results indicate that ERBB3 plays a critical role in determining APC function and potentially T1D pathogenesis.
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Tu SM, Mathew P, Wong FC, Jones D, Johnson MM, Logothetis CJ. Phase I study of concurrent weekly docetaxel and repeated samarium-153 lexidronam in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:3319-24. [PMID: 19414670 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.20.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Samarium-153 ((153)Sm) lexidronam is a bone-targeting radiopharmaceutical with a short physical half-life and a favorable toxicity profile. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of a concurrent combination of weekly docetaxel with repeated (153)Sm-lexidronam in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A conventional 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was used for this study. Patients were treated in three cohorts comprising two cycles of weekly docetaxel at 25, 30, and 35 mg/m(2), respectively, on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle in combination with (153)Sm (1 mCi/kg) on day 1. Unacceptable hematologic toxicity (UHT) was defined as more than 7 days delay in therapy for inadequate counts: an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) more than 1,000/microL and platelets more than 70,000/microL were required at days 8 and 15 and ANC more than 1,500/microL and platelets more than 100,000/microL were required at cycle 2, day 1. If counts had not recovered by day 56 of either combination cycle, UHT was declared. RESULTS Eighteen patients were treated in three cohorts. Two patients in separate cohorts experienced UHT; the maximum-tolerated dose for this regimen was not reached. The median interval between (153)Sm doses was 35 days (range, 27 to 57 days). The only significant toxicity was mild, transient myelosuppression. Five patients (28%) experienced grade 3 hematologic toxicity. There were no grade > or = 4 hematologic or nonhematologic toxicities. CONCLUSION Two dosing cycles consisting of weekly docetaxel and monthly (153)Sm-lexidronam were well tolerated and feasible in this CRPC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Tu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77239-1439, USA.
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Lin SH, Cheng CJ, Lee YC, Ye X, Tsai WW, Kim J, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Navone NM, Tu SM, Hu M, Yu-Lee LY, Logothetis CJ. A 45-kDa ErbB3 secreted by prostate cancer cells promotes bone formation. Oncogene 2008; 27:5195-203. [PMID: 18490922 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ErbB3 is a transmembrane growth factor receptor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human cancer. After finding that a truncated form of ErbB3 was present and upregulated in metastatic prostate cancer cells in lymph nodes and bone, we explored the pathophysiological functions of this unusual form of ErbB3 in the context of mouse calvaria as well as osteoblasts in vitro and the femur microenvironment in vivo. Here we demonstrate that prostate cancer cells expressed an alternatively spliced transcript that encodes a 45-kDa glycosylated protein (p45-sErbB3). The recombinant p45-sErbB3 purified from conditioned medium stimulated calvarial bone formation and induced osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of p45-sErbB3 in the osteolytic prostate cancer cell line PC-3 converted its phenotype from bone lysing to bone forming upon injection into the femurs of immunodeficient mice. Further, we detected sErbB3 in plasma samples from patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastasis. These observations establish that p45-sErbB3 is a structurally and functionally unique gene product of ErbB3 and suggest that p45-sErbB3 is likely one of the factors involved in the osteoblastic bone metastases of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Lin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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