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Li W, Sparidans RW, Wang Y, Martins MLF, de Waart DR, van Tellingen O, Song JY, Lebre MC, van Hoppe S, Wagenaar E, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Interplay of OATP1A/1B/2B1 uptake transporters and ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters in the handling of bilirubin and drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116644. [PMID: 38692057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane drug transporters can be important determinants of the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profiles of drugs. To investigate the potential cooperative and/or counteracting interplay of OATP1A/1B/2B1 uptake transporters and ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters in physiology and pharmacology, we generated a new mouse model (Bab12), deficient for Slco1a/1b, Slco2b1, Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2. Bab12 mice were viable and fertile. We compared wild-type, Slco1a/1b/2b1-/-, Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- and Bab12 strains. Endogenous plasma conjugated bilirubin levels ranked as follows: wild-type = Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- << Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- < Bab12 mice. Plasma levels of rosuvastatin and fexofenadine were elevated in Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice compared to wild-type, and dramatically increased in Bab12 mice. Although systemic exposure of larotrectinib and repotrectinib was substantially increased in the separate multidrug transporter knockout strains, no additive effects were observed in the combination Bab12 mice. Significantly higher plasma exposure of fluvastatin and pravastatin was only found in Slco1a/1b/2b1-deficient mice. However, noticeable transport by Slco1a/1b/2b1 and Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2 across the BBB was observed for fluvastatin and pravastatin, respectively, by comparing Bab12 mice with Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- or Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- mice. Quite varying behavior in plasma exposure of erlotinib and its metabolites was observed among these strains. Bab12 mice revealed that Abcb1a/1b and/or Abcg2 can contribute to conjugated bilirubin elimination when Slco1a/1b/2b1 are absent. Our results suggest that the interplay of Slco1a/1b/2b1, Abcb1a/1b, and Abcg2 could markedly affect the pharmacokinetics of some, but not all drugs and metabolites. The Bab12 mouse model will represent a useful tool for optimizing drug development and clinical application, including efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Shengli Rd 666, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Yaogeng Wang
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Margarida L F Martins
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk R de Waart
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam 1105 BK, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie van Hoppe
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Els Wagenaar
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
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Moriyama A, Ueda H, Narumi K, Asano S, Furugen A, Saito Y, Kobayashi M. Contribution of aldehyde oxidase to methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity: in vitro and pharmacoepidemiological approaches. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:399-406. [PMID: 38706380 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2352453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is partially metabolized by aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in the liver and its clinical impact remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate how AOX contributes to MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and clarify the relationship between concomitant AOX inhibitor use and MTX-associated liver injury development using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS We assessed intracellular MTX accumulation and cytotoxicity using HepG2 cells. We used the FAERS database to detect reporting odds ratio (ROR)-based MTX-related hepatotoxicity event signals. RESULTS AOX inhibition by AOX inhibitor raloxifene and siRNA increased the MTX accumulation in HepG2 cells and enhanced the MTX-induced cell viability reduction. In the FAERS analysis, the ROR for MTX-related hepatotoxicity increased with non-overlap of 95% confidence interval when co-administered with drugs with higher Imax, u (maximum unbound plasma concentration)/IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration for inhibition of AOX) calculated based on reported pharmacokinetic data. CONCLUSION AOX inhibition contributed to MTX accumulation in the liver, resulting in increased hepatotoxicity. Our study raises concerns regarding MTX-related hepatotoxicity when co-administered with drugs that possibly inhibit AOX activity at clinical concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Moriyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hinata Ueda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuho Asano
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Li W, Mo J, Yang Z, Zhao Z, Mei S. Risk factors associated with high-dose methotrexate induced toxicities. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:263-274. [PMID: 38501267 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2332366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy poses challenges in various neoplasms due to individualized pharmacokinetics and associated adverse effects. Our purpose is to identify early risk factors associated with HDMTX-induced toxicities, paving the way for personalized treatment. AREAS COVERED A systematic review of PubMed and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles from inception to July 2023. Eligible studies included reviews, clinical trials, and real-world analyses. Irrelevant studies were excluded, and manual searches and citation reviews were performed. Factors such as MTX exposure, drug interactions, demographics, serum albumin, urine pH, serum calcium, and genetic polymorphisms affecting MTX transport (e.g. SLCO1B1), intracellular folate metabolism (MTHFR), cell development (ARID5B), metabolic pathways (UGT1A1, PNPLA3), as well as epigenetics were identified. EXPERT OPINION This comprehensive review aids researchers and clinicians in early identification of HDMTX toxicity risk factors. By understanding the multifaceted risk factors associated with hematologic malignancies, personalized treatment approaches can be tailored to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Mo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Membrive-Jiménez C, Vieira-Maroun S, Márquez-Pete N, Cura Y, Pérez-Ramírez C, Tercedor-Sánchez J, Jiménez-Morales A, Ramírez-Tortosa MDC. ABCC1, ABCG2 and FOXP3: Predictive Biomarkers of Toxicity from Methotrexate Treatment in Patients Diagnosed with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2567. [PMID: 37761008 PMCID: PMC10526923 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the most extensively used drugs in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis (PS). However, it frequently must be suspended owing to the toxicity in certain patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of ABCC1, ABCG2, and FOXP3 in the development of MTX toxicity in PS. METHODS Retrospective cohort study with 101 patients. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. RESULTS Patients carrying ABCC1 rs2238476-AG genotype (AG vs. GG: OR = 8.04; 95% CI = 1.48-46.78; p = 0.015); FOXP3 rs376154-GT and GG genotypes (GT vs. TT/GG: OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 1.17-13.92; p = 0.031) and ABCG2 rs13120400-T allele (T vs. CC: OR = 8.33; 95% CI = 1.24-164.79; p = 0.059) showed a higher risk of developing more than one adverse effect. The toxicity analysis by subtypes showed that the ABCC1 rs2238476-AG genotype (AG vs. GG: OR = 8.10; 95% CI = 1.69-46.63; p = 0.011) and FOXP3 rs376154-GT genotype (OR = 4.11; 95% CI = 1.22-15.30; p = 0.027) were associated with the appearance of asthenia. No association of the other ABCC1 polymorphisms (rs35592 and rs246240) with MTX toxicity was found. CONCLUSION ABCC1, ABCG2, and FOXP3 polymorphisms can be considered to be risk biomarkers of toxicities in PS patients treated with MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Membrive-Jiménez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain (N.M.-P.)
| | - Sayleth Vieira-Maroun
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain (N.M.-P.)
| | - Noelia Márquez-Pete
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain (N.M.-P.)
| | - Yasmin Cura
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain (N.M.-P.)
| | - Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain (N.M.-P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Alberto Jiménez-Morales
- Hospital Pharmacy Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
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Danilov SM, Jain MS, A. Petukhov P, Kurilova OV, Ilinsky VV, Trakhtman PE, Dadali EL, Samokhodskaya LM, Kamalov AA, Kost OA. Blood ACE Phenotyping for Personalized Medicine: Revelation of Patients with Conformationally Altered ACE. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020534. [PMID: 36831070 PMCID: PMC9953529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) metabolizes a number of important peptides participating in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling. Elevated blood ACE is a marker for granulomatous diseases and elevated ACE expression in tissues is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objective and Methodology: We applied a novel approach -ACE phenotyping-to find a reason for conformationally impaired ACE in the blood of one particular donor. Similar conformationally altered ACEs were detected previously in 2-4% of the healthy population and in up to 20% of patients with uremia, and were characterized by significant increase in the rate of angiotensin I hydrolysis. Principal findings: This donor has (1) significantly increased level of endogenous ACE inhibitor in plasma with MW less than 1000; (2) increased activity toward angiotensin I; (3) M71V mutation in ABCG2 (membrane transporter for more than 200 compounds, including bilirubin). We hypothesize that this patient may also have the decreased level of free bilirubin in plasma, which normally binds to the N domain of ACE. Analysis of the local conformation of ACE in plasma of patients with Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar syndromes allowed us to speculate that binding of mAbs 1G12 and 6A12 to plasma ACE could be a natural sensor for estimation of free bilirubin level in plasma. Totally, 235 human plasma/sera samples were screened for conformational changes in soluble ACE. Conclusions/Significance: ACE phenotyping of plasma samples allows us to identify individuals with conformationally altered ACE. This type of screening has clinical significance because this conformationally altered ACE could not only result in the enhancement of the level of angiotensin II but could also serve as an indicator of free bilirubin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark S. Jain
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Olga V. Kurilova
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel E. Trakhtman
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Armais A. Kamalov
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kost
- Chemistry Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Abe K, Higurashi T, Takahashi M, Maeda-Minami A, Kawano Y, Miyazaki S, Mano Y. Concomitant Use of High-dose Methotrexate and Glycyrrhizin Affects Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate, Resulting in Hepatic Toxicity. In Vivo 2021; 35:2163-2169. [PMID: 34182493 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM High-dose methotrexate is a therapy for acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and osteosarcoma. Glycyrrhizin has been used to treat hepatic dysfunction caused by high-dose methotrexate. However, few studies have investigated the interaction between glycyrrhizin and high-dose methotrexate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated with high-dose methotrexate (500 or 1,000 mg/kg) alone, or with co-administration of 100 mg/kg glycyrrhizin. Plasma concentrations of methotrexate, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were measured. RESULTS At both methotrexate doses, the blood concentration of methotrexate was significantly increased and total clearance was significantly reduced using co-administration of glycyrrhizin compared with methotrexate alone, which led to increased levels of hepatic enzymes. These results suggest that glycyrrhizin significantly increases the plasma level and delays the clearance of methotrexate, resulting in hepatic toxicity. CONCLUSION The concomitant use of methotrexate and glycyrrhizin should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Higurashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mio Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Maeda-Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan;
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Wang JQ, Yang Y, Cai CY, Teng QX, Cui Q, Lin J, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS. Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs): Structure, function and the overcoming of cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 54:100743. [PMID: 33513557 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate the ATP-driven translocation of structurally and mechanistically distinct substrates against steep concentration gradients. Among the seven human ABC subfamilies namely ABCA-ABCG, ABCC is the largest subfamily with 13 members. In this respect, 9 of the ABCC members are termed "multidrug resistance proteins" (MRPs1-9) due to their ability to mediate cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) by extruding various chemotherapeutic agents or their metabolites from tumor cells. Furthermore, MRPs are also responsible for the ATP-driven efflux of physiologically important organic anions such as leukotriene C4, folic acid, bile acids and cAMP. Thus, MRPs are involved in important regulatory pathways. Blocking the anticancer drug efflux function of MRPs has shown promising results in overcoming cancer MDR. As a result, many novel MRP modulators have been developed in the past decade. In the current review, we summarize the structure, tissue distribution, biological and pharmacological functions as well as clinical insights of MRPs. Furthermore, recent updates in MRP modulators and their therapeutic applications in clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Chao-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Qingbin Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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8
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Evaluation of possible pharmacokinetic interaction between methotrexate and proton pump inhibitors in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1426-1432. [PMID: 32671657 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate agent, is primarily eliminated by the kidney. Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) contributes to renal MTX clearance. Several studies have shown an association between co-administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and delayed elimination of MTX, but the findings are conflicting. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the differential inhibitory effects of PPIs on the OAT3-mediated transport of MTX are associated with the risks of delayed MTX elimination. METHODS We investigated the effects of PPIs on rat (r) OAT3-mediated MTX uptake using HEK293T cells expressing rOAT3. To examine whether PPIs could affect the pharmacokinetics of MTX, changes in plasma concentration-time profiles were assessed when MTX (50 mg/kg, ip) and a range of PPIs (2 mg/kg, iv) were administered to rats. RESULTS In vitro studies demonstrated that PPIs inhibited rOAT3-mediated uptake of MTX, with estimated IC50 values of 2.1-5.2 μM, and a rank order of esomeprazole ≈ lansoprazole ≈ omeprazole > rabeprazole. When MTX and esomeprazole were co-administered to rats, the plasma concentration of MTX 6 h after administration and the t1/2 were significantly higher than those in the vehicle group. The effect of lansoprazole was not significant, but showed a tendency to prolong plasma MTX levels. Famotidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, showed a weak inhibitory effect on rOAT3-mediated MTX uptake, although it did not affect plasma concentration-time profile of MTX in vivo. CONCLUSION Esomeprazole increases the t1/2 of MTX in rats, which may be partially attributed to the inhibition of rOAT3.
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Pan G. Roles of Hepatic Drug Transporters in Drug Disposition and Liver Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:293-340. [PMID: 31571168 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic drug transporters are mainly distributed in parenchymal liver cells (hepatocytes), contributing to drug's liver disposition and elimination. According to their functions, hepatic transporters can be roughly divided into influx and efflux transporters, translocating specific molecules from blood into hepatic cytosol and mediating the excretion of drugs and metabolites from hepatic cytosol to blood or bile, respectively. The function of hepatic transport systems can be affected by interspecies differences and inter-individual variability (polymorphism). In addition, some drugs and disease can redistribute transporters from the cell surface to the intracellular compartments, leading to the changes in the expression and function of transporters. Hepatic drug transporters have been associated with the hepatic toxicity of drugs. Gene polymorphism of transporters and altered transporter expressions and functions due to diseases are found to be susceptible factors for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this chapter, the localization of hepatic drug transporters, their regulatory factors, physiological roles, and their roles in drug's liver disposition and DILI are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
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Scialis RJ, Aleksunes LM, Csanaky IL, Klaassen CD, Manautou JE. Identification and Characterization of Efflux Transporters That Modulate the Subtoxic Disposition of Diclofenac and Its Metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1080-1092. [PMID: 31399506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, in vivo transporter knockout (KO) mouse models were used to characterize the disposition of diclofenac (DCF) and its primary metabolites following a single subtoxic dose in mice lacking breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) or multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp)3. The results indicate that Bcrp acts as a canalicular efflux mediator for DCF, as wild-type (WT) mice had biliary excretion values that were 2.2- to 2.6-fold greater than Bcrp KO mice, although DCF plasma levels were not affected. The loss of Bcrp resulted in a 1.8- to 3.2-fold increase of diclofenac acyl glucuronide (DCF-AG) plasma concentrations in KO animals compared with WT mice, while the biliary excretion of DCF-AG increased 1.4-fold in WT versus KO mice. Furthermore, Mrp3 was found to mediate the basolateral transport of DCF-AG, but not DCF or 4'-hydroxy diclofenac. WT mice had DCF-AG plasma concentrations 7.0- to 8.6-fold higher than Mrp3 KO animals; however, there were no changes in biliary excretion of DCF-AG. Vesicular transport experiments with human MRP3 demonstrated that MRP3 is able to transport DCF-AG via low- and high-affinity binding sites. The low-affinity MRP3 transport had a V max and K m of 170 pmol/min/mg and 98.2 µM, respectively, while the high-affinity V max and K m parameters were estimated to be 71.9 pmol/min/mg and 1.78 µM, respectively. In summary, we offer evidence that the disposition of DCF-AG can be affected by both Bcrp and Mrp3, and these findings may be applicable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato J Scialis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - Iván L Csanaky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
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11
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Safar Z, Kis E, Erdo F, Zolnerciks JK, Krajcsi P. ABCG2/BCRP: variants, transporter interaction profile of substrates and inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:313-328. [PMID: 30856014 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1591373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ABCG2 has a broad substrate specificity and is one of the most important efflux proteins modulating pharmacokinetics of drugs, nutrients and toxicokinetics of toxicants. ABCG2 is an important player in transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (tDDI). Areas covered: The aims of the review are i) to cover transporter interaction profile of substrates and inhibitors that can be utilized to test interaction of drug candidates with ABCG2, ii) to highlight main characteristics of in vitro testing and iii) to describe the structural basis of the broad substrate specificity of the protein. Preclinical data utilizing Abcg2/Bcrp1 knockouts and clinical studies showing effect of ABCG2 c.421C>A polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of drugs have provided evidence for a broad array of drug substrates and support drug - ABCG2 interaction testing. A consensus on using rosuvastatin and sulfasalazine as intestinal substrates for clinical studies is in the formation. Other substrates relevant to the therapeutic area can be considered. Monolayer efflux assays and vesicular transport assays have been extensively utilized in vitro. Expert opinion: Clinical substrates display complex pharmacokinetics due to broad interaction profiles with multiple transporters and metabolic enzymes. Substrate-dependent inhibition has been observed for several inhibitors. Harmonization of in vitro and in vivo testing makes sense. However, rosuvastatin and sulfasalazine are not efficiently transported in either MDCKII or LLC-PK1-based monolayers. Caco-2 monolayer assays and vesicular transport assays are potential alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emese Kis
- a SOLVO Biotechnology , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Franciska Erdo
- b Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics , Pázmány Péter Catholic University , Budapest , Hungary
| | | | - Peter Krajcsi
- a SOLVO Biotechnology , Szeged , Hungary.,d Department of Morphology and Physiology. Faculty of Health Sciences , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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12
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Xue Y, Ma C, Hanna I, Pan G. Intestinal Transporter-Associated Drug Absorption and Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:361-405. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Baghdadi LR, Woodman RJ, Shanahan EM, Wiese MD, Mangoni AA. Genetic polymorphism of the methotrexate transporter ABCG2, blood pressure and markers of arterial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: repeated cross-sectional study. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2018; 11:205-210. [PMID: 30519074 PMCID: PMC6237132 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s170557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Methotrexate (MTX) treatment is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated associations between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter gene ABCG2 (rs2231142), BP, and arterial stiffness in RA patients treated with MTX. Patients and methods Clinical and 24-hour peripheral and central BP, arterial wave reflection (Augmentation Index, AIx), arterial stiffness (Pulse Wave Velocity, PWV), and intracellular MTX polyglutamate (MTXPGs) concentrations were assessed in 56 RA patients on stable treatment with MTX using a repeated cross-sectional study design with measurements at baseline and after 8 months. Results Majority of the RA patients were homozygotes for the normal allele (CC, n=46) whereas 10 were rs2231142 heterozygotes (AC, n=10). MTXPGs concentrations were non-significantly higher in AC when compared to CC (144.3 vs 116.3 nmol/L packed RBCs, P=0.10). At baseline, the AC group had significantly lower age-adjusted clinical systolic BP (SBP) (P=0.01), 24-hour peripheral SBP (P=0.003), and central SBP (P=0.02) when compared to the CC group. However, AIx and PWV values were not significantly different between the two groups. When data from both visits were combined in a single analysis, and additionally adjusted for visit, gender, body mass index, and Disease Activity Score 28, the trend in SBP differences between-groups persisted but was no longer significant. Conclusion Future studies are required to test the hypothesis that this genetic polymorphism is associated with lower BP, arterial stiffness, and possibly, cardiovascular risk, in RA patients treated with MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R Baghdadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - E Michael Shanahan
- Department of Rheumatology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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14
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Bortolussi G, Muro AF. Advances in understanding disease mechanisms and potential treatments for Crigler–Najjar syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1495558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bortolussi
- Mouse Molecular Genetics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrés Fernando Muro
- Mouse Molecular Genetics Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
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15
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Wang L, Ma L, Lin Y, Liu X, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhou H, Pan G. Leflunomide Increases Hepatic Exposure to Methotrexate and Its Metabolite by Differentially Regulating Multidrug Resistance–Associated Protein Mrp2/3/4 Transporters via Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α Activation. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:563-574. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Čvorović J, Passamonti S. Membrane Transporters for Bilirubin and Its Conjugates: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:887. [PMID: 29259555 PMCID: PMC5723324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bilirubin is a highly-hydrophobic tetrapyrrole which binds to plasma albumin. It is conjugated in the liver to glucuronic acid, and the water-soluble glucuronides are excreted in urine and bile. The membrane transporters of bilirubin diglucuronide are well-known. Still undefined are however the transporters performing the uptake of bilirubin from the blood into the liver, a process known to be fast and not rate-limited. The biological importance of this process may be appraised by considering that in normal adults 200–300 mg of bilirubin are produced daily, as a result of the physiologic turnover of hemoglobin and cellular cytochromes. Nevertheless, research in this field has yielded controversial and contradicting results. We have undertaken a systematic review of the literature, believing in its utility to improve the existing knowledge and promote further advancements. Methods: We have sourced the PubMed database until 30 June 2017 by applying 5 sequential searches. Screening and eligibility criteria were applied to retain research articles reporting results obtained by using bilirubin molecules in membrane transport assays in vitro or by assessing serum bilirubin levels in in vivo experiments. Results: We have identified 311 articles, retaining 44, reporting data on experimental models having 6 incremental increases of complexity (isolated proteins, membrane vesicles, cells, organ fragments, in vivo rodents, and human studies), demonstrating the function of 19 membrane transporters, encoded by either SLCO or ABC genes. Three other bilirubin transporters have no gene, though one, i.e., bilitranslocase, is annotated in the Transporter Classification Database. Conclusions: This is the first review that has systematically examined the membrane transporters for bilirubin and its conjugates. Paradoxically, the remarkable advancements in the field of membrane transport of bilirubin have pointed to the elusive mechanism(s) enabling bilirubin to diffuse into the liver as if no cellular boundary existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Čvorović
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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17
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Wang L, Chen Q, Zhu L, Zeng X, Li Q, Hu M, Wang X, Liu Z. Simultaneous determination of tilianin and its metabolites in mice using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 29144552 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Shihezi China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Shihezi China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Xuejun Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Shihezi China
| | - Qiang Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Ming Hu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
- College of Pharmacy; University of Houston; Houston TX USA
| | - Xinchun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Shihezi China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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Miura T, Tachikawa M, Ohtsuka H, Fukase K, Nakayama S, Sakata N, Motoi F, Naitoh T, Katayose Y, Uchida Y, Ohtsuki S, Terasaki T, Unno M. Application of Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics to Profile Protein Expression Changes of Hepatic Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes During Cholic Acid-Promoted Liver Regeneration. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2499-2508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Kanamitsu K, Kusuhara H, Schuetz JD, Takeuchi K, Sugiyama Y. Investigation of the Importance of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in the Active Efflux of Anionic Drugs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2566-2575. [PMID: 28456721 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The importance of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (Mrp4/Abcc4) in limiting the penetration of Mrp4 substrate compounds into the central nervous system across the blood-brain barrier was investigated using Mrp4-/- mice. Significant adenosine triphosphate-dependent uptake by MRP4 was observed for ochratoxin A, pitavastatin, raltitrexed (Km = 43.7 μM), pravastatin, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, and urate. The defect in the Mrp4 gene did not affect the brain-to-plasma ratio (Kp,brain) of quinidine and dantrolene. Following intravenous infusion in wild-type and Mrp4-/- mice, the plasma concentrations of the tested compounds (cefazolin, cefmetazole, ciprofloxacin, cyclophosphamide, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, methotrexate, pitavastatin, pravastatin, and raltitrexed) were identical; however, Mrp4-/- mice showed a significantly higher (1.9- to 2.5-fold) Kp,brain than wild-type mice for methotrexate, raltitrexed, and cyclophosphamide. GF120918, a dual inhibitor of P-gp and Bcrp, significantly decreased Kp,cortex and Kp,cerebellum only in Mrp4-/- mice. Methotrexate and raltitrexed are also substrates of multispecific organic anion transporters such as Oatp1a4 and Oat3. GF120918 showed an inhibition potency against Oatp1a4, but not against Oat3. These results suggest that Mrp4 limits the penetration of methotrexate and raltitrexed into the brain across the blood-brain barrier, which is likely to be facilitated by some uptake transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, Research Cluster for Innovation, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Liu Z, Jia Y, Wang C, Meng Q, Huo X, Sun H, Sun P, Yang X, Ma X, Peng J, Liu K. Organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1) and OAT3 meditated the protective effect of rhein on methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02968c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhein protects methotrexate induced kidney damage mediated by OAT1 and OAT3.
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21
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Wei D, Zhang H, Peng R, Huang C, Bai R. ABCC2 (1249G > A) polymorphism implicates altered transport activity for sorafenib. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:1008-1014. [PMID: 27855531 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1262976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), encoded by the ABCC2 gene, is an efflux transporter of several endogenous substrates and xenobiotics. Here, we investigated whether the 1249G > A (rs2273697) polymorphism in ABCC2 affects the ability of MRP2 to pump the multi-tumor drug sorafenib out of cells. 2. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cell lines transfected with ABCC2-1249G and ABCC2-1249A were used to assess the sensitivity and accumulation to sorafenib. The isolated MRP2 were applied to estimate the ATPase activity. 3. The HEK293 cell line overexpressing the ABCC2 1249A allele showed a significantly higher 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) than a cell line overexpressing ABCC2-1249G or a non-overexpressing control cell line. Intracellular accumulation of sorafenib was much lower in ABCC2-1249A cells than in ABCC2-1249G cells expressing comparable levels of MRP2. Isolated ABCC2-1249A protein showed higher ATPase activity than ABCC2-1249G protein. 4. Our results suggest that the ABCC2 polymorphism 1249G > A increases the ATPase activity of MRP2, leading to greater efflux of sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyun Wei
- a Wuhan University Renmin Hospital , Wuhan , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- a Wuhan University Renmin Hospital , Wuhan , China
| | - Rui Peng
- a Wuhan University Renmin Hospital , Wuhan , China
| | | | - Ruidan Bai
- a Wuhan University Renmin Hospital , Wuhan , China
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22
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Li Y, Zhang J, Xu P, Sun B, Zhong Z, Liu C, Ling Z, Chen Y, Shu N, Zhao K, Liu L, Liu X. Acute liver failure impairs function and expression of breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP) at rat blood-brain barrier partly via ammonia-ROS-ERK1/2 activation. J Neurochem 2016; 138:282-94. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Ping Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zeyu Zhong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Can Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zhaoli Ling
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Nan Shu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Kaijing Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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Dzierlenga AL, Clarke JD, Klein DM, Anumol T, Snyder SA, Li H, Cherrington NJ. Biliary Elimination of Pemetrexed Is Dependent on Mrp2 in Rats: Potential Mechanism of Variable Response in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:246-53. [PMID: 27233293 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.234310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) provides the biliary elimination pathway for many xenobiotics. Disruption of this pathway contributes to retention of these compounds and may ultimately lead to adverse drug reactions. MRP2 mislocalization from the canalicular membrane has been observed in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the late stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is characterized by fat accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. MRP2/Mrp2 mislocalization is observed in both human NASH and the rodent methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet model, but the extent to which it impacts overall transport capacity of MRP2 is unknown. Pemetrexed is an antifolate chemotherapeutic indicated for non-small cell lung cancer, yet its hepatobiliary elimination pathway has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to quantify the loss of Mrp2 function in NASH using an obligate Mrp2 transport substrate. To determine whether pemetrexed is an obligate Mrp2 substrate, its cumulative biliary elimination was compared between wild-type and Mrp2(-/-) rats. No pemetrexed was detected in the bile of Mrp2(-/-) rats, indicating pemetrexed is completely reliant on Mrp2 function for biliary elimination. Comparing the biliary elimination of pemetrexed between MCD and control animals identified a transporter-dependent decrease in biliary excretion of 60% in NASH. This study identifies Mrp2 as the exclusive biliary elimination mechanism for pemetrexed, making it a useful in vivo probe substrate for Mrp2 function, and quantifying the loss of function in NASH. This mechanistic feature may provide useful insight into the impact of NASH on interindividual variability in response to pemetrexed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika L Dzierlenga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L.D., J.D.C., D.M.K., H.Y.L., N.J.C.); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (T.A., S.A.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L.D., J.D.C., D.M.K., H.Y.L., N.J.C.); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (T.A., S.A.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - David M Klein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L.D., J.D.C., D.M.K., H.Y.L., N.J.C.); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (T.A., S.A.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tarun Anumol
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L.D., J.D.C., D.M.K., H.Y.L., N.J.C.); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (T.A., S.A.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L.D., J.D.C., D.M.K., H.Y.L., N.J.C.); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (T.A., S.A.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - HongYu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L.D., J.D.C., D.M.K., H.Y.L., N.J.C.); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (T.A., S.A.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L.D., J.D.C., D.M.K., H.Y.L., N.J.C.); Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (T.A., S.A.S.), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Memon N, Weinberger BI, Hegyi T, Aleksunes LM. Inherited disorders of bilirubin clearance. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:378-86. [PMID: 26595536 PMCID: PMC4821713 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of hyperbilirubinemia may be caused by increased bilirubin production or decreased bilirubin clearance. Reduced hepatic bilirubin clearance can be due to defective (i) unconjugated bilirubin uptake and intrahepatic storage, (ii) conjugation of glucuronic acid to bilirubin (e.g., Gilbert syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Lucey-Driscoll syndrome, breast milk jaundice), (iii) bilirubin excretion into bile (Dubin-Johnson syndrome), or (iv) conjugated bilirubin re-uptake (Rotor syndrome). In this review, the molecular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of these conditions are described, as well as current approaches to diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Memon
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA,Corresponding author: Naureen Memon, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, MEB 396, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901 USA, Phone: (732) 235-5599, Fax: (732) 235-5668,
| | - Barry I Weinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children’s Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Hegyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Romão VC, Lima A, Bernardes M, Canhão H, Fonseca JE. Three decades of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: can we predict toxicity? Immunol Res 2015; 60:289-310. [PMID: 25391609 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the anchor disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. It is used in monotherapy and/or in combination with other synthetic or biological DMARDs, and is known to have the best cost-effectiveness and efficacy/toxicity ratios. However, toxicity is still a concern, with a significant proportion of patients interrupting long-term treatment due to the occurrence of MTX-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which are the main cause of drug withdrawal. Despite the extensive accumulated experience in the last three decades, it is still impossible in routine clinical practice to identify patients prone to develop MTX toxicity. While clinical and biological variables, including folate supplementation, partially help to minimize MTX-related ADRs, the advent of pharmacogenomics could provide further insight into risk stratification and help to optimize drug monitoring and long-term retention. In this paper, we aimed to review and summarize current data on low-dose MTX-associated toxicity, its prevention and predictors, keeping in mind practical RA clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco C Romão
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Edifício Egas Moniz, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lima A, Sousa H, Monteiro J, Azevedo R, Medeiros R, Seabra V. Genetic polymorphisms in low-dose methotrexate transporters: current relevance as methotrexate therapeutic outcome biomarkers. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1611-35. [PMID: 25340735 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is used in low doses to treat a variety of diseases. Although the mechanism responsible for its therapeutic action is unknown, MTX membrane transport proteins (influx and/or efflux) can be major determinants of pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reactions and clinical response profiles. With progess in pharmacogenomics, the improvement of the prediction of patients' therapeutic outcome treated with low doses of MTX will offer a powerful tool for the translation of transporter SNPs into clinical practice and will be essential to sustain a breakthrough in the field of personalized medicine. Therefore, this paper provides an update on the current data on SNPs in genes encoding low-dose MTX membrane transport proteins and their relevance as possible biomarkers of MTX therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Lima
- CESPU, Institute of Research & Advanced Training in Health Sciences & Technologies, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
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Abstract
Potential drug-drug interactions mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and solute carrier (SLC) transporter families are of clinical and regulatory concern. However, the endogenous functions of these drug transporters are not well understood. Discussed here is evidence for the roles of ABC and SLC transporters in the handling of diverse substrates, including metabolites, antioxidants, signalling molecules, hormones, nutrients and neurotransmitters. It is suggested that these transporters may be part of a larger system of remote communication ('remote sensing and signalling') between cells, organs, body fluid compartments and perhaps even separate organisms. This broader view may help to clarify disease mechanisms, drug-metabolite interactions and drug effects relevant to diabetes, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, gout, liver disease, neuropsychiatric disorders, inflammatory syndromes and organ injury, as well as prenatal and postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0693, USA
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van der Schoor LWE, Verkade HJ, Kuipers F, Jonker JW. New insights in the biology of ABC transporters ABCC2 and ABCC3: impact on drug disposition. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 11:273-93. [PMID: 25380746 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.981152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the elimination of environmental chemicals and metabolic waste products, the body is equipped with a range of broad specificity transporters that are present in excretory organs as well as in several epithelial blood-tissue barriers. AREAS COVERED ABCC2 and ABCC3 (also known as MRP2 and MRP3) mediate the transport of various conjugated organic anions, including many drugs, toxicants and endogenous compounds. This review focuses on the physiology of these transporters, their roles in drug disposition and how they affect drug sensitivity and toxicity. It also examines how ABCC2 and ABCC3 are coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level by members of the nuclear receptor (NR) family of ligand-modulated transcription factors and how this can be therapeutically exploited. EXPERT OPINION Mutations in both ABCC2 and ABCC3 have been associated with changes in drug disposition, sensitivity and toxicity. A defect in ABCC2 is associated with Dubin-Johnson syndrome, a recessively inherited disorder characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Pharmacological manipulation of the activity of these transporters can potentially improve the pharmacokinetics and thus therapeutic activity of substrate drugs but also affect the physiological function of these transporters and consequently ameliorate associated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori W E van der Schoor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics , Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen , The Netherlands
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29
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Tan S, Li H, Jin Y, Yu H. In vitro and in vivo effects of sublethal cadmium on the expression of MT2 and ABCC2 genes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 108:258-264. [PMID: 25103569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To gain more knowledge about the physiological regulation of metal pollutant detoxification in grass carp, we examined Cd concentration and its the potential influence on the expression of metallothionein 2 (MT2) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (ABCC2) mRNA in the liver and kidney, using in vitro and in vivo experiments. First, the full-length of MT2 cDNA and partial ABCC2 cDNA was obtained, consisting 183bp and 366bp respectively. In vivo approach, grass carp received 96h exposure of Cd (1/10 LD50), and MT2 and ABCC2 mRNA expression were determined by qRT-PCR. The Cd treatment resulted in an increase of MT2 mRNA level in the liver with Cd accumulation. Nonetheless, the elevation ABCC2 mRNA in the liver was appeared at 48h after Cd exposure, as well as the expression of MT2 and ABCC2 mRNA in the kidney. The in vitro experiment was carried out using the hepatocyte (L86) and nephroblasts (CIK). The qRT-RCR results showed that MT2 and ABCC2 mRNA dramatically increased following Cd exposure (1/10 LD50); however, ABCC2 mRNA expression was suppressed in the L86 cell line at first (6h). In conclusion, this result suggested that both MT2 and ABCC2 mRNA may play important roles in the detoxification of toxic metals, and MT2 gene was more sensitive to Cd induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Tan
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, No. 1 Xianhu University Road, Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China; Holdone Aquaculture Breeding Limited Company, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, No. 1 Xianhu University Road, Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China; Holdone Aquaculture Breeding Limited Company, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China
| | - Ying Jin
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Hui Yu
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, No. 1 Xianhu University Road, Nanhai, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China; Holdone Aquaculture Breeding Limited Company, Foshan, Guangdong 528231, China.
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Abstract
The properties of intestinal folate absorption were documented decades ago. However, it was only recently that the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) was identified and its critical role in folate transport across the apical brush-border membrane of the proximal small intestine established by the loss-of-function mutations identified in the PCFT gene in subjects with hereditary folate malabsorption and, more recently, by the Pcft-null mouse. This article reviews the current understanding of the properties of PCFT-mediated transport and how they differ from those of the reduced folate carrier. Other processes that contribute to the transport of folates across the enterocyte, along with the contribution of the enterohepatic circulation, are considered. Important unresolved issues are addressed, including the mechanism of intestinal folate absorption in the absence of PCFT and regulation of PCFT gene expression. The impact of a variety of ions, organic molecules, and drugs on PCFT-mediated folate transport is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Visentin
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461; , , ,
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31
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Zhang J, Li X, Huang L. Non-viral nanocarriers for siRNA delivery in breast cancer. J Control Release 2014; 190:440-50. [PMID: 24874288 PMCID: PMC4142098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in American women. While significant progress has been made in the development of modern diagnostic tools and surgical treatments, only marginal improvements have been achieved with relapsed metastatic breast cancer. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) mediate gene silencing of a target protein by disrupting messenger RNAs in an efficient and sequence-specific manner. One application of this technology is the knockdown of genes responsible for tumorigenesis, including those driving oncogenesis, survival, proliferation and death of cells, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Non-viral nanocarriers have attracted attention based on their potential for targeted delivery of siRNA and efficient gene silencing without toxicity. Here, we review promising, non-viral delivery strategies employing liposomes, nanoparticles and inorganic materials in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Benz-de Bretagne I, Zahr N, Le Gouge A, Hulot JS, Houillier C, Hoang-Xuan K, Gyan E, Lissandre S, Choquet S, Le Guellec C. Urinary coproporphyrin I/(I + III) ratio as a surrogate for MRP2 or other transporter activities involved in methotrexate clearance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 78:329-42. [PMID: 24433481 PMCID: PMC4137825 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The urinary coproporphyrin I/(I + III) ratio may be a surrogate for MRP2 activity. We conducted a prospective study in patients receiving methotrexate (MTX) to examine the relationship between this ratio and the pharmacokinetics of a MRP2 substrate. METHODS Three urine samples were collected from 81 patients for UCP I/(I + III) ratio determination: one before (P1), one at the end of MTX infusion (P2), and one on the day of hospital discharge (P3). Three polymorphisms of ABCC2 were analysed and their relationships with basal UCP I/(I + III) ratio values assessed. All associated drugs were recorded and a drug interaction score (DIS) was assigned. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted to assess whether MTX clearance (MTXCL) was associated with the basal UCP I/(I + III) ratio, its variation during MTX infusion, the DIS or other common covariates. RESULTS The basal UCP I/(I + III) ratio was not associated with ABCC2 polymorphisms and did not differ according to the DIS. Significant changes in the ratio were observed over time, with an increase between P1 and P2 and a decrease at P3 (P < 0.001). No association was found between basal UCP I/(I + III) ratio and MTXCL. The final model indicates that MTXCL was dependent on the change in the ratio between P1 and P3, DIS and creatinine clearance. CONCLUSION The basal UCP I/(I + III) ratio is not predictive of MTXCL. However, it is sensitive to the presence of MTX, so it is plausible that it reflects a function modified in response to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Benz-de Bretagne
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de ToursTours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre Val de Loire UniversitéEA4245, Tours, France
| | - Noël Zahr
- Service de Pharmacologie, CHU Pitié-SalpêtrièreAP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Le Gouge
- CHRU de Tours, Centre d'investigation cliniqueTours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre Val de Loire UniversitéInserm 202, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Service de Pharmacologie, CHU Pitié-SalpêtrièreAP-HP, Paris, France
- UPMC Université Paris 06UMR_S 956, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Houillier
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre expert national LOCAP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Khe Hoang-Xuan
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre expert national LOCAP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU de ToursTours, France
| | - Séverine Lissandre
- Service d'Hématologie et Thérapie Cellulaire, CHRU de ToursTours, France
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- Service d'Hématologie, CHU Pitié-SalpêtrièreAP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Le Guellec
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHRU de ToursTours, France
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre Val de Loire UniversitéEA4245, Tours, France
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Hardwick RN, Clarke JD, Lake AD, Canet MJ, Anumol T, Street SM, Merrell MD, Goedken MJ, Snyder SA, Cherrington NJ. Increased susceptibility to methotrexate-induced toxicity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Toxicol Sci 2014; 142:45-55. [PMID: 25080921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters play a crucial role in determining the fate of drugs, and alterations in liver function can place individuals at greater risk for adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We have shown that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) leads to changes in the expression and localization of enzymes and transporters responsible for the disposition of numerous drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NASH on methotrexate (MTX) disposition and the resulting toxicity profile. Sprague Dawley rats were fed either a control or methionine-choline-deficient diet for 8 weeks to induce NASH, then administered a single ip vehicle, 10, 40, or 100 mg/kg MTX injection followed by blood, urine, and feces collection over 96 h with terminal tissue collection. At the onset of dosing, Abcc1-4, Abcb1, and Abcg2 were elevated in NASH livers, whereas Abcc2 and Abcb1 were not properly localized to the membrane, similar to that previously observed in human NASH. NASH rodents receiving 40-100 mg/kg MTX exhibited hepatocellular damage followed by initiation of repair, whereas damage was absent in controls. NASH rodents receiving 100 mg/kg MTX exhibited slightly greater renal toxicity, indicating multiple organ toxicity, despite the majority of the dose being excreted by 6 h. Intestinal toxicity in NASH however, was strikingly less severe than controls, and coincided with reduced fecal MTX excretion. Because MTX-induced gastrointestinal toxicity limits the dose escalation necessary for cancer remission, these data suggest a greater risk for life-threatening MTX-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in NASH in the absence of overt gastrointestinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon N Hardwick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - April D Lake
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Mark J Canet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Tarun Anumol
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Stephanie M Street
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Matthew D Merrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Michael J Goedken
- Office of Translational Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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Zhao R, Goldman ID. The proton-coupled folate transporter: physiological and pharmacological roles. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 13:875-80. [PMID: 24383099 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) as the mechanism by which folates are absorbed across the apical brush-border membrane of the small intestine and across the basolateral membrane of the choroid plexus into the cerebrospinal fluid. Both processes are defective when there are loss-of-function mutations in this gene as occurs in the autosomal recessive disorder hereditary folate malabsorption. Because this transporter functions optimally at low pH, antifolates are being developed that are highly specific for PCFT in order to achieve selective delivery to malignant cells within the acidic environment of solid tumors. PCFT has a spectrum of affinities for folates and antifolates that narrows and increases at low pH. Residues have been identified that play a role in folate and proton binding, proton coupling, and oscillation of the carrier between its conformational states.
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Erlinger S, Arias IM, Dhumeaux D. Inherited disorders of bilirubin transport and conjugation: new insights into molecular mechanisms and consequences. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1625-38. [PMID: 24704527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism might reduce bilirubin uptake by hepatocytes, bilirubin conjugation, or secretion of bilirubin into bile. Reductions in uptake could increase levels of unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin (Rotor syndrome). Defects in bilirubin conjugation could increase levels of unconjugated bilirubin; the effects can be benign and frequent (Gilbert syndrome) or rare but severe, increasing the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy (Crigler-Najjar syndrome). Impairment of bilirubin secretion leads to accumulation of conjugated bilirubin (Dubin-Johnson syndrome). We review the genetic causes and pathophysiology of disorders of bilirubin transport and conjugation as well as clinical and therapeutic aspects. We also discuss the possible mechanisms by which hyperbilirubinemia protects against cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome and the effects of specific genetic variants on drug metabolism and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Dhumeaux
- Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, University of Paris-Est, Créteil, France
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36
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Structure and function of BCRP, a broad specificity transporter of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1205-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Vlaming MLH, Teunissen SF, van de Steeg E, van Esch A, Wagenaar E, Brunsveld L, de Greef TFA, Rosing H, Schellens JHM, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2 combination knockout mice: altered disposition of the dietary carcinogen PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) and its genotoxic metabolites. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:520-30. [PMID: 24334255 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidrug transporters breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MDR1), and multidrug-resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2 and 3 eliminate toxic compounds from tissues and the body and affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and other potentially toxic compounds. The food-derived carcinogen PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) is transported by BCRP, MDR1, and MRP2. To investigate the overlapping functions of Bcrp1, Mdr1a/b, and Mrp2 in vivo, we generated Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2(-/-) mice, which are viable and fertile. These mice, together with Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3(-/-) mice, were used to study the effects of the multidrug transporters on the pharmacokinetics of PhIP and its metabolites. Thirty minutes after oral or intravenous administration of PhIP (1 mg/kg), the PhIP levels in the small intestine were reduced 4- to 6-fold in Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2(-/) (-) and Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Fecal excretion of PhIP was reduced 8- to 20-fold in knockouts. Biliary PhIP excretion was reduced 41-fold in Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp2(-/-) mice. Biliary and small intestine levels of PhIP metabolites were reduced in Bcrp1;Mrp2-deficient mice. Furthermore, in both knockout strains, kidney levels and urinary excretion of genotoxic PhIP-metabolites were significantly increased, suggesting that reduced biliary excretion of PhIP and PhIP metabolites leads to increased urinary excretion of these metabolites and increased systemic exposure. Bcrp1 and Mdr1a limited PhIP brain accumulation. In Bcrp1;Mrp2;Mrp3(-/-), but not Bcrp1;Mdr1a/b;Mrp(-/-) mice, the carcinogenic metabolites N2-OH-PhIP (2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) and PhIP-5-sulfate (a genotoxicity marker) accumulated in liver tissue, indicating that Mrp3 is involved in the sinusoidal secretion of these compounds. We conclude that Bcrp1, Mdr1a/b, Mrp2, and Mrp3 significantly affect tissue disposition and biliary and fecal elimination of PhIP and its carcinogenic metabolites and may affect PhIP-induced carcinogenesis as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L H Vlaming
- Divisions of Molecular Oncology (M.L.H.V., E.v.d.S., A.v.E., E.W., A.H.S.) and Clinical Pharmacology (J.H.M.S.), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (S.F.T., H.R., J.H.B.); Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (L.B., T.F.A.d.G.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.H.M.S., J.H.B.)
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38
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Fan J, de Lannoy IA. Pharmacokinetics. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 87:93-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pfeifer ND, Hardwick RN, Brouwer KLR. Role of hepatic efflux transporters in regulating systemic and hepatocyte exposure to xenobiotics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 54:509-35. [PMID: 24160696 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-140021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic efflux transporters include numerous well-known and emerging proteins localized to the canalicular or basolateral membrane of the hepatocyte that are responsible for the excretion of drugs into the bile or blood, respectively. Altered function of hepatic efflux transporters due to drug-drug interactions, genetic variation, and/or disease states may lead to changes in xenobiotic exposure in the hepatocyte and/or systemic circulation. This review focuses on transport proteins involved in the hepatocellular efflux of drugs and metabolites, discusses mechanisms of altered transporter function as well as the interplay between multiple transport pathways, and highlights the importance of considering intracellular unbound concentrations of transporter substrates and/or inhibitors. Methods to evaluate hepatic efflux transport and predict the effects of impaired transporter function on systemic and hepatocyte exposure are discussed, and the sandwich-cultured hepatocyte model to evaluate comprehensively the role of hepatic efflux in the hepatobiliary disposition of xenobiotics is characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Pfeifer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599; ,
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40
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Intestinal drug transporters: an overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1340-56. [PMID: 23041352 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of drug transporters as one of the determinants of pharmacokinetics has become increasingly evident. While much research has been conducted focusing the role of drug transporters in the liver and kidney less is known about the importance of uptake and efflux transporters identified in the intestine. Over the past years the effects of intestinal transporters have been studied using in vivo models, in situ organ perfusions, in vitro tissue preparations and cell lines. This review aims to describe up to date findings regarding the importance of intestinal transporters on drug absorption and bioavailability, highlighting areas in need of further research. Wu and Benet proposed a Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) that allows the prediction of transporter effects on the drug disposition of orally administered drugs. This review also discusses BDDCS predictions with respect to the role of intestinal transporters and intestinal transporter-metabolizing enzyme interplay on oral drug pharmacokinetics.
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Prueksaritanont T, Chu X, Gibson C, Cui D, Yee KL, Ballard J, Cabalu T, Hochman J. Drug-drug interaction studies: regulatory guidance and an industry perspective. AAPS JOURNAL 2013; 15:629-45. [PMID: 23543602 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency have issued new guidance for industry on drug interaction studies, which outline comprehensive recommendations on a broad range of in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential. This paper aims to provide an overview of these new recommendations and an in-depth scientifically based perspective on issues surrounding some of the recommended approaches in emerging areas, particularly, transporters and complex DDIs. We present a number of theoretical considerations and several case examples to demonstrate complexities in applying (1) the proposed transporter decision trees and associated criteria for studying a broad spectrum of transporters to derive actionable information and (2) the recommended model-based approaches at an early stage of drug development to prospectively predict DDIs involving time-dependent inhibition and mixed inhibition/induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. We hope to convey the need for conducting DDI studies on a case-by-case basis using a holistic scientifically based interrogative approach and to communicate the need for additional research to fill in knowledge gaps in these areas where the science is rapidly evolving to better ensure the safety and efficacy of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomayant Prueksaritanont
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp., WP 75A-203, West Point, PA 19486, USA,
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Zhao S, Chen C, Liu S, Zeng W, Su J, Wu L, Luo Z, Zhou S, Li Q, Zhang J, Kuang Y, Chen X. CD147 promotes MTX resistance by immune cells through up-regulating ABCG2 expression and function. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 70:182-9. [PMID: 23622764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug used to treat psoriasis due to inducing immune cell apoptosis. However, certain patients show MTX resistant. CD147, highly expressed by psoriatic PBMCs, is assumed to regulate MTX sensitivity. The underlining mechanism is still relatively understudied. OBJECTIVE To understand the mechanisms of that CD147 promotes MTX resistance in immune cells. METHODS The expression of CD147 and ABCG2 in PBMCs from psoriatic patients, cellular apoptosis and intracellular MTX amount were measured. We also checked the cellular drug sensitivity of CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cell lines with introduced CD147 and Jurkat T cells depeleted CD147. By immunoprecipitation, we detected the interaction between CD147 and ABCG2. RESULTS Both ABCG2 and CD147 are highly expressed in psoriatic PBMCs. Cultured in vitro, the PBMCs from psoriatic patients were more resistant to MTX-induced apoptosis comparing to PBMCs from healthy people. Further studies demonstrated that exogenous overexpression of CD147 in CHO cells increased ABCG2 protein level. After MTX treatment, CD147 overexpressing CHO cells showed lower apoptosis rate and lower intracellular MTX concentration. On the contrary, knockdown of CD147 by shRNA in Jurkat T cells decreased ABCG2 expression, as well as increased MTX-induced apoptosis and decreased MTX efflux. Immunoprecipitation experiment revealed that the trans-membrane domain of CD147 conferred its' interaction with ABCG2. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a role of CD147 in regulating ABCG2 transportation of MTX in immune cells. Strategies involving targeting CD147 could be considered in clinical treatment of psoriatic patients resistant to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Schnepf R, Zolk O. Effect of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 on pharmacokinetics: experimental findings and clinical implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:287-306. [PMID: 23289909 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.742063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 can actively extrude a broad range of endogenous and exogenous substrates across biological membranes. Thereby, ABCG2 limits oral drug bioavailability, mediates hepatobiliary and renal excretion and participates functionally in the blood-brain barrier. AREAS COVERED The paper provides a review of the clinical evidence of the role of ABCG2 in the bioavailability and brain disposition of drugs. It also sheds light on the value of experimental/preclinical data in predicting the role of ABCG2 in pharmacokinetics in humans. EXPERT OPINION Experimental studies indicate that ABCG2 may limit the oral bioavailability and brain penetration of many drugs. ABCG2 has also been recognized as an important determinant of the disposition of some drugs in humans. For example, loss-of-function variants of ABCG2 affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in a clinically significant manner. Moreover, clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions have been attributed to ABCG2 inhibition. However, examples from human studies are still rare compared with the overwhelming evidence from experimental studies. The large degree of functional redundancy of ABCG2 with other transporters such as P-glycoprotein may explain the rare occurrence of ABCG2-dependent drug-drug interactions in humans. Providing clinicians with consolidated information on the clinically relevant interactions of drugs with ABCG2 remains a matter of future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schnepf
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Li L, Agarwal S, Elmquist WF. Brain efflux index to investigate the influence of active efflux on brain distribution of pemetrexed and methotrexate. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:659-67. [PMID: 23297298 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.049254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifolates, in particular methotrexate (MTX), have been widely used in the treatment of primary and secondary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Pemetrexed (PMX) is a novel antifolate that also exhibits potent antitumor activity against CNS malignancies. Studies have shown that brain distribution of both antifolates is significantly restricted, possible due to active efflux transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study characterizes the brain-to-blood transport of PMX and MTX and examines the role of several efflux transporters in brain distribution of the antifolates by use of the intracerebral microinjection technique (brain efflux index). The results from this study show that both PMX and MTX undergo saturable efflux transport across the BBB, with elimination half-lives of approximately 39 minutes and 29 minutes, respectively. Of the various efflux transporters this study investigated, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) does not play an important role in the brain distribution of the two antifolate drugs. Interestingly, breast-cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) makes a significant contribution to the brain elimination of MTX but not PMX. In addition, the brain-to-blood transport of both antifolates was inhibited by probenecid and benzylpenicillin, suggesting the involvement of organic anion transporters in the efflux of these compounds from the brain, with organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) being a possibility. Our results suggest that one of the underlying mechanisms behind the limited brain distribution of PMX and MTX is active efflux transport processes at the BBB, including a benzylpenicillin-sensitive transport system and/or the active transporter Bcrp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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The steady-state serum concentration of genistein aglycone is affected by formulation: a bioequivalence study of bone products. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:273498. [PMID: 23484100 PMCID: PMC3591111 DOI: 10.1155/2013/273498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
An FDA-regulated, prescription medical food (Fosteum; 27 mg natural genistein, 200 IU cholecalciferol, 20 mg citrated zinc bisglycinate (4 mg elemental zinc) per capsule) and an over-the-counter (OTC) supplement (Citracal Plus Bone Density Builder; 27 mg synthetic genistein, 600 mg elemental calcium (calcium citrate), 400 IU vitamin D3, 50 mg magnesium, 7.5 mg zinc, 1 mg copper, 75 μg molybdenum, 250 μg boron per two tablets) were compared to a clinically proven bone formulation (27 mg natural genistein, 400 IU cholecalciferol, 500 mg elemental calcium (calcium carbonate) per tablet; the Squadrito formulation) in an 8-day steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) study of healthy postmenopausal women (n = 30) randomized to receive 54 mg of genistein per day. Trough serum samples were obtained before the final dose on the morning of the ninth day followed by sampling at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hrs. Total serum genistein, after β-glucuronidase/sulfatase digestion, was measured by time-resolved fluorometric assay. Maximal time (Tmax), concentration (Cmax), half-life (T1/2), and area under the curve (AUC) were determined for genistein in each formulation. Fosteum and the Squadrito study formulation were equivalent for genistein Tmax (2 hrs), Cmax (0.7 μM), T1/2 (18 ± 6.9 versus 21 ± 4.9 hrs), and AUC (9221 ± 413 versus 9818 ± 1370 ng·hr/mL). The OTC supplement's synthetically derived genistein, however, showed altered Tmax (6 hrs), Cmax (0.57 μM), T1/2 (8.3 ± 1.9 hrs), and AUC (6474 ± 287 ng·hr/mL). Differences in uptake may be due to multiple ingredients in the OTC supplement which interfere with genistein absorption.
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MDR gene expression analysis of six drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:241763. [PMID: 23484165 PMCID: PMC3591129 DOI: 10.1155/2013/241763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynaecological malignancies. Multiple drug resistance makes cancer cells insensitive to chemotherapy. In this study, we developed six
primary ovarian cancer cell lines (W1MR, W1CR, W1DR, W1VR, W1TR, and W1PR) resistant to drugs such as methotrexate, cisplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine, topotecan, and paclitaxel. A chemosensitivity assay MTT test was performed to assess drug cross-resistance. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were also performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in chemoresistance. We observed high cross-resistance to doxorubicin, vincristine, and paclitaxel in the cell lines resistant to these agents. We also found a significant correlation between resistance to these drugs and increased expression of P-gp. Two different mechanisms of topotecan resistance were observed in the W1TR and W1PR cell lines. We did not observe any correlation between MRP2 transcript
and protein levels. Cell lines resistant to agents used in ovarian cancer treatment remained sensitive to methotrexate. The main mechanisms of drug resistance were due to P-gp expression in the doxorubicin, vincristine, and paclitaxel resistant cell lines and BCRP expression in the topotecan resistant cell line.
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van de Steeg E, van Esch A, Wagenaar E, Kenworthy KE, Schinkel AH. Influence of Human OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP1A2 on the Pharmacokinetics of Methotrexate and Paclitaxel in Humanized Transgenic Mice. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 19:821-32. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effective down-regulation of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) by siRNA delivery using lipid-substituted aliphatic polymers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Natarajan K, Xie Y, Baer MR, Ross DD. Role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in cancer drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1084-103. [PMID: 22248732 PMCID: PMC3307098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since cloning of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and its characterization as a multidrug resistance efflux transporter in 1998, BCRP has been the subject of more than two thousand scholarly articles. In normal tissues, BCRP functions as a defense mechanism against toxins and xenobiotics, with expression in the gut, bile canaliculi, placenta, blood-testis and blood-brain barriers facilitating excretion and limiting absorption of potentially toxic substrate molecules, including many cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. BCRP also plays a key role in heme and folate homeostasis, which may help normal cells survive under conditions of hypoxia. BCRP expression appears to be a characteristic of certain normal tissue stem cells termed "side population cells," which are identified on flow cytometric analysis by their ability to exclude Hoechst 33342, a BCRP substrate fluorescent dye. Hence, BCRP expression may contribute to the natural resistance and longevity of these normal stem cells. Malignant tissues can exploit the properties of BCRP to survive hypoxia and to evade exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Evidence is mounting that many cancers display subpopulations of stem cells that are responsible for tumor self-renewal. Such stem cells frequently manifest the "side population" phenotype characterized by expression of BCRP and other ABC transporters. Along with other factors, these transporters may contribute to the inherent resistance of these neoplasms and their failure to be cured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Xie
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
| | - Maria R. Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Douglas D. Ross
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Departments of Pathology, and Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
- Staff Physician, Baltimore VA Medical Center
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Sprowl JA, Mikkelsen TS, Giovinazzo H, Sparreboom A. Contribution of tumoral and host solute carriers to clinical drug response. Drug Resist Updat 2012; 15:5-20. [PMID: 22459901 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the solute carrier family of transporters are responsible for the cellular uptake of a broad range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics in multiple tissues. Several of these solute carriers are known to be expressed in cancer cells or cancer cell lines, and decreased cellular uptake of drugs potentially contributes to the development of resistance. As result, the expression levels of these proteins in humans have important consequences for an individual's susceptibility to certain drug-induced side effects, interactions, and treatment efficacy. In this review article, we provide an update of this rapidly emerging field, with specific emphasis on the direct contribution of solute carriers to anticancer drug uptake in tumors, the role of these carriers in regulation of anticancer drug disposition, and recent advances in attempts to evaluate these proteins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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