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Alves Â, Medeiros R, Teixeira AL, Dias F. Decoding PTEN regulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Pathway for biomarker discovery and therapeutic insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189165. [PMID: 39117092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common adult renal solid tumor and the deadliest urological cancer, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) being the predominant subtype. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway assumes a central role in ccRCC tumorigenesis, wherein its abnormal activation confers a highly aggressive phenotype, leading to swift resistance against current therapies and distant metastasis. Thus, treatment resistance and disease progression remain a persistent clinical challenge in managing ccRCC effectively. PTEN, an antagonist of the PI3K/AKT signaling axis, emerges as a crucial factor in tumor progression, often experiencing loss or inactivation in ccRCC, thereby contributing to elevated mortality rates in patients. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PTEN suppression in ccRCC tumors holds promise for the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, ultimately enhancing patient monitoring and treatment outcomes. The present review aims to summarize these mechanisms, emphasizing their potential prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic value in managing ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Alves
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine (FMUP), University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Biomedicine Research Center (CEBIMED), Research Innovation and Development Institute (FP-I3ID), Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer Northern Branch (LPCC-NRN), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP) &RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Hu J, Tan P, Ishihara M, Bayley NA, Schokrpur S, Reynoso JG, Zhang Y, Lim RJ, Dumitras C, Yang L, Dubinett SM, Jat PS, Van Snick J, Huang J, Chin AI, Prins RM, Graeber TG, Xu H, Wu L. Tumor heterogeneity in VHL drives metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:155. [PMID: 37069149 PMCID: PMC10110583 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is a hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The importance of heterogeneity in the loss of this tumor suppressor has been under reported. To study the impact of intratumoral VHL heterogeneity observed in human ccRCC, we engineered VHL gene deletion in four RCC models, including a new primary tumor cell line derived from an aggressive metastatic case. The VHL gene-deleted (VHL-KO) cells underwent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and exhibited increased motility but diminished proliferation and tumorigenicity compared to the parental VHL-expressing (VHL+) cells. Renal tumors with either VHL+ or VHL-KO cells alone exhibit minimal metastatic potential. Combined tumors displayed rampant lung metastases, highlighting a novel cooperative metastatic mechanism. The poorly proliferative VHL-KO cells stimulated the proliferation, EMT, and motility of neighboring VHL+ cells. Periostin (POSTN), a soluble protein overexpressed and secreted by VHL non-expressing (VHL-) cells, promoted metastasis by enhancing the motility of VHL-WT cells and facilitating tumor cell vascular escape. Genetic deletion or antibody blockade of POSTN dramatically suppressed lung metastases in our preclinical models. This work supports a new strategy to halt the progression of ccRCC by disrupting the critical metastatic crosstalk between heterogeneous cell populations within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Hu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ping Tan
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moe Ishihara
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas A Bayley
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiruyeh Schokrpur
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Jeremy G Reynoso
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Raymond J Lim
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Camelia Dumitras
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Parmjit S Jat
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, 33 Cleveland Street, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | | | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arnold I Chin
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lily Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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3
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SF3B1 facilitates HIF1-signaling and promotes malignancy in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111266. [PMID: 36001976 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the splicing factor SF3B1 are frequently occurring in various cancers and drive tumor progression through the activation of cryptic splice sites in multiple genes. Recent studies also demonstrate a positive correlation between the expression levels of wild-type SF3B1 and tumor malignancy. Here, we demonstrate that SF3B1 is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 target gene that positively regulates HIF1 pathway activity. By physically interacting with HIF1α, SF3B1 facilitates binding of the HIF1 complex to hypoxia response elements (HREs) to activate target gene expression. To further validate the relevance of this mechanism for tumor progression, we show that a reduction in SF3B1 levels via monoallelic deletion of Sf3b1 impedes tumor formation and progression via impaired HIF signaling in a mouse model for pancreatic cancer. Our work uncovers an essential role of SF3B1 in HIF1 signaling, thereby providing a potential explanation for the link between high SF3B1 expression and aggressiveness of solid tumors.
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Gluba-Brzózka A. Characteristics of Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccpRCC). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010151. [PMID: 35008576 PMCID: PMC8745490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) is a group of various malignant tumours of the renal cortex displaying distinct clinical, morphologic, and genetic features. Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (ccpRCC), belonging to this group, shares morphologic features with both clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and therefore, more strict diagnostic criteria should be developed to avoid misdiagnosis. Despite overlapping features, ccpRCC has also distinct clinical behaviour, histologic characteristics (morphologic and immunohistochemical), and genomic features. The concepts concerning this tumour are constantly developing since its biological potential and molecular basis remains to be fully unravelled. First reports indicated the presence of ccpRCC in end-stage renal disease, and they underlined the enriched development in this group of patients; however, currently, it is known that such tumours can also occur spontaneously in the normal kidney. Numerous studies have demonstrated that clinical outcomes and prognosis of ccpRCC patients is highly favourable. Till now, no convincing evidence of metastatic ccpRCC or death caused by the disease has been found. Therefore, it is of high importance to correctly differentiate ccpRCC from other subtypes of RCC with a much worse prognosis and to introduce appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Zeromskiego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Zeromskiego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Zeromskiego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
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Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Origin of Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164006. [PMID: 34439162 PMCID: PMC8394880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In many respects, heterogeneity is one of the most striking revelations and common manifestations of a stem cell origin of cancer. We observe heterogeneity in myriad mixed tumors including testicular, lung, and breast cancers. We recognize heterogeneity in diverse tumor subtypes in prostate and kidney cancers. From this perspective, we illustrate that one of the main stem-ness characteristics, i.e., the ability to differentiate into diverse and multiple lineages, is central to tumor heterogeneity. We postulate that cancer subtypes can be meaningless and useless without a proper theory about cancer's stem cell versus genetic origin and nature. We propose a unified theory of cancer in which the same genetic abnormalities, epigenetic defects, and microenvironmental aberrations cause different effects and lead to different outcomes in a progenitor stem cell versus a mature progeny cell. We need to recognize that an all-encompassing genetic theory of cancer may be incomplete and obsolete. A stem cell theory of cancer provides greater universality, interconnectivity, and utility. Although genetic defects are pivotal, cellular context is paramount. When it concerns tumor heterogeneity, perhaps we need to revisit the conventional wisdom of precision medicine and revise our current practice of targeted therapy in cancer care.
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Jia YY, Yu Y, Li HJ. POSTN promotes proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma through ILK/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:4183-4195. [PMID: 34093819 PMCID: PMC8176408 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, involved in various diseases. This research focused on the detailed mechanisms study of periostin (POSTN) overexpression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) invasion and migration. Western blot and RT-PCR were performed to explore POSTN expression in various RCC cells. Cells were transfected with siRNAs or lentivirus to regulate the expression of POSTN. The effects of POSTN on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RCC cells were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, migration and invasion assay and Western blot analysis. POSTN expression was significantly enhanced in RCC cells compared with renal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro experiments showed that POSTN knockdown could dramatically inhibit RCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while overexpression of POSTN could promote these biological behaviors. We further demonstrated that POSTN knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was mediated via upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin, through IKL/AKT/mTOR pathway. In contrast, overexpression of POSTN could promote EMT in RCC cells via the activation of IKL /AKT/mTOR pathway. Next, we demonstrated that higher POSTN expression promoted angiogenesis in vivo in an RCC xenograft tumor via activating IKL /AKT/mTOR pathway. Our study showed that POSTN could promote EMT through ILK/AKT/mTOR pathway and might be an alternative therapeutic strategy for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Jia
- Department of Health Management Medical Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,126 Xiantai Street,Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of endocrinology and metabolism, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street,Changchun, Jilin,China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Department of Health Management Medical Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,126 Xiantai Street,Changchun, Jilin, China
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The immune-related biomarker TEK inhibits the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by regulating AKT phosphorylation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33602230 PMCID: PMC7890987 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High immunogenicity is an important feature of ccRCC, but its underlying immune-related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of immune-related gene TEK on ccRCC and its prognostic value. Methods The immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors (TFs) in ccRCC were screened based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a regulatory network of TF was constructed. Prognostic-related immune genes were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis and functional annotation was performed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct the immune gene risk model and identify the hub gene TEK that independently affected the prognosis of ccRCC. The effectiveness of the TEK was verified by external microarray datasets. The relationship between TEK and immune cells in ccRCC was evaluated based on Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). The expression of TEK in clinical specimens was verified by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. MTT and cloning formation assay were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Transwell assays were used to assess cell migration. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of related proteins was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results We constructed a prognostic model consisting of 12 hub genes and performed risk scores to determine the relationship between these scores and prognosis. Through Cox regression analysis and survival analysis, TEK, an immune marker highly related to survival prognosis, was obtained and validated. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of TEK promoted the proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells, and we found that TEK promoted apoptosis by regulating the phosphorylation of AKT, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. Conclusions TEK plays an important role in risk assessment and survival prediction for ccRCC patients as a new immune gene and maybe an emerging target for immunotherapy for ccRCC patients.
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Oo KK, Kamolhan T, Soni A, Thongchot S, Mitrpant C, O-Charoenrat P, Thuwajit C, Thuwajit P. Development of an engineered peptide antagonist against periostin to overcome doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:65. [PMID: 33446140 PMCID: PMC7807878 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is one of the main problems in treatment of cancer. Periostin (PN) is a stromal protein which is mostly secreted from cancer associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment and can promote cancer progression including cell survival, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The main objective of this study was to develop an anti-PN peptide from the bacteriophage library to overcome PN effects in breast cancer (BCA) cells. Methods A twelve amino acids bacteriophage display library was used for biopanning against the PN active site. A selected clone was sequenced and analyzed for peptide primary structure. A peptide was synthesized and tested for the binding affinity to PN. PN effects including a proliferation, migration and a drug sensitivity test were performed using PN overexpression BCA cells or PN treatment and inhibited by an anti-PN peptide. An intracellular signaling mechanism of inhibition was studied by western blot analysis. Lastly, PN expressions in BCA patients were analyzed along with clinical data. Results The results showed that a candidate anti-PN peptide was synthesized and showed affinity binding to PN. PN could increase proliferation and migration of BCA cells and these effects could be inhibited by an anti-PN peptide. There was significant resistance to doxorubicin in PN-overexpressed BCA cells and this effect could be reversed by an anti-PN peptide in associations with phosphorylation of AKT and expression of survivin. In BCA patients, serum PN showed a correlation with tissue PN expression but there was no significant correlation with clinical data. Conclusions This finding supports that anti-PN peptide is expected to be used in the development of peptide therapy to reduce PN-induced chemoresistance in BCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07761-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine Kyaw Oo
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Thanpawee Kamolhan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Anish Soni
- Bachelor of Science Program in Biological Science (Biomedical Science), Mahidol University International College, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suyanee Thongchot
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chalermchai Mitrpant
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pornchai O-Charoenrat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Breast Center, Medpark Hospital, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Peti Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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9
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Shi G, Shen Z, Liu Y, Yin W. Identifying Biomarkers to Predict the Progression and Prognosis of Breast Cancer by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:597888. [PMID: 33391348 PMCID: PMC7773894 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.597888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis are still to be investigated. In our study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between BC and normal tissues. Based on the DEGs, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed in 683 BC samples, and eight co-expressed gene modules were identified. In addition, by relating the eight co-expressed modules to clinical information, we found the blue module and pathological stage had a significant correlation (r = 0.24, p = 1e–10). Validated by multiple independent datasets, using one-way ANOVA, survival analysis and expression level revalidation, we finally screened 12 hub genes that can predict BC progression and prognosis. Functional annotation analysis indicated that the hub genes were enriched in cell division and cell cycle regulation. Importantly, higher expression of the 12 hub genes indicated poor overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and disease-free survival in BC patients. In addition, the expression of the 12 hub genes showed a significantly positive correlation with the expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 in BC. In summary, our study has identified 12 hub genes associated with the progression and prognosis of BC; these hub genes might lead to poor outcomes by regulating the cell division and cell cycle. These hub genes may serve as a biomarker and help to distinguish different pathological stages for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsheng Shi
- Department of Clinical and Public Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenru Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Clinical and Public Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqin Yin
- Department of Clinical and Public Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Ni L, Yuan C, Zhang C, Xiang Y, Wu J, Wang X, Wu X. Co-Expression Network Analysis Identified LTF in Association with Metastasis Risk and Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6975-6986. [PMID: 32764988 PMCID: PMC7381825 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s251000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common renal cancer in adults. The 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced ccRCC is less than 30%. Lack of potential biomarkers for treatment and prognosis is a limitation for early diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC. Methods We collected microarray profiles of 39 ccRCC and matched normal samples to identify differential expression genes (DEGs). Then, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed to identify gene modules associated with the metastasis in ccRCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA, https://www.proteinatlas.org/) database were used for verification set. Finally, we used biological experiments to preliminary investigate the impact of LTF on the tumor biological behavior of ccRCC, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Results A total of 15 genetic modules were identified, and the light-green module is considered the most relevant to tumor metastasis. (P = 0.02, R2 = −0.4). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was performed to identify the hub nodes in the light-green module. Finally, combining the results of PPI, WGCNA and DEGs, lactotransferrin (LTF) gene was regarded as “real” hub genes for cancer metastasis risk. LTF was subsequently validated using the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the expression of LTF in ccRCC tumor tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue based on the HPA database. Intriguingly, patients with low expression of LTF had lower survival rates (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49–0.89, P = 0.0067), the expression level of the sample was negatively correlated with tumor stage (P = 0.0385), and patients with low expression of LTF gene were more likely to have distant metastasis (P = 0.038). Overexpression of LTF inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis of human ccRCC cells in vitro. Conclusion LTF might be a novel prognostic biomarker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandi Xiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, Research Lab/LIFE-Zentrum, University of Munich (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Zhang N, Chen W, Gan Z, Abudurexiti A, Hu X, Sang W. Identification of biomarkers of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20470. [PMID: 32481352 PMCID: PMC7249934 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among renal cancer, and more and more researches find that the occurrence of ccRCC is associated with genetic changes, but the molecular mechanism still remains unclear. The present study aimed to identify aggregation trend of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ccRCC, which would be beneficial to the treatment of ccRCC and provide research ideas using a series of bioinformatics approach. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to get the enrichment trend of DEGs of GSE53757 and GSE16449. Draw Venn Diagram was applied for co-expression of DEGs. Cytoscape with the Retrieval of Interacting Gene (STRING) datasets and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) were performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) of DEGs. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis of top 15 upregulated and top 15 downregulated were selected in Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Then, the expression level of hub genes between normal renal tissue and different pathological stages of ccRCC tissue, which significantly correlated with overall survival in ccRCC patients, were also analyzed by Ualcan based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In this study, we got 167 co-expression DEGs, including 72 upregulated DEGs and 95 downregulated DEGs. We identified 11 hub genes had significantly correlated with overall survival in ccRCC patients. Among them, KIF23, APLN, ADCY1, GREB1, TLR4, IRF8, CXCL1, CXCL2, deserved our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Zhilu Gan
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Alimujiang Abudurexiti
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Wei Sang
- The Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
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12
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Pan Q, Wang L, Chai S, Zhang H, Li B. The immune infiltration in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and their clinical implications: A study based on TCGA and GEO databases. J Cancer 2020; 11:3207-3215. [PMID: 32231726 PMCID: PMC7097965 DOI: 10.7150/jca.37285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) still remains poorly understood. Previous methods to study the tumor immune microenvironment have a limitation when accounting for the functionally distinct cell types. In this study, we investigated the differently infiltrated immune cells and their clinical significance in ccRCC for the purpose of shedding some important light on the complex immune microenvironment in ccRCC. The devolution algorithm (CIBERSORT) was applied to infer the proportion of 22 immune infiltrating cells based on gene expression profiles of ccRCC bulk tissue, which were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. As a result, we observed considerable differences in immune cells percentage between ccRCC tumor tissue and paired normal tissue; meanwhile, we uncovered their internal correlations and associations with Fuhrman grade. Moreover, dendritic cells resting, dendritic cells activated, mast cells resting, mast cells activated and eosinophils were associated with favorable prognosis, whereas B cells memory, T cells follicular helper and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were correlated with poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufeng Pan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longwang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chai
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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13
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Loss of CDKN1A mRNA and Protein Expression Are Independent Predictors of Poor Outcome in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020465. [PMID: 32079343 PMCID: PMC7072616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) patients have good prognosis. Only 5%-10% patients die of metastatic disease after tumorectomy, but tumor progression cannot be predicted by histopathological parameters alone. chRCC are characterized by losses of many chromosomes, whereas gene mutations are rare. In this study, we aim at identifying genes indicating chRCC progression. A bioinformatic approach was used to correlate chromosomal loss and mRNA expression from 15287 genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. All genes in TCGA chromophobe renal cancer dataset (KICH) for which a significant correlation between chromosomal loss and mRNA expression was shown, were identified and their associations with outcome was assessed. Genome-wide DNA copy-number alterations were analyzed by Affymetrix OncoScan® CNV FFPE Microarrays in a second cohort of Swiss chRCC. In both cohorts, tumors with loss of chromosomes 2, 6, 10, 13, 17 and 21 had signs of tumor progression. There were 4654 genes located on these chromosomes, and 13 of these genes had reduced mRNA levels, which was associated with poor outcome in chRCC. Decreased CDKN1A expression at mRNA (p = 0.02) and protein levels (p = 0.02) were associated with short overall survival and were independent predictors of prognosis (p <0.01 and <0.05 respectively). CDKN1A expression status is a prognostic biomarker independent of tumor stage. CDKN1A immunohistochemistry may be used to identify chRCC patients at greater risk of disease progression.
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14
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Rigoglio NN, Rabelo ACS, Borghesi J, de Sá Schiavo Matias G, Fratini P, Prazeres PHDM, Pimentel CMMM, Birbrair A, Miglino MA. The Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Extracellular Matrix. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1245:1-38. [PMID: 32266651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40146-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates the development and maintains tissue homeostasis. The ECM is composed of a complex network of molecules presenting distinct biochemical properties to regulate cell growth, survival, motility, and differentiation. Among their components, proteoglycans (PGs) are considered one of the main components of ECM. Its composition, biomechanics, and anisotropy are exquisitely tuned to reflect the physiological state of the tissue. The loss of ECM's homeostasis is seen as one of the hallmarks of cancer and, typically, defines transitional events in tumor progression and metastasis. In this chapter, we discuss the types of proteoglycans and their roles in cancer. It has been observed that the amount of some ECM components is increased, while others are decreased, depending on the type of tumor. However, both conditions corroborate with tumor progression and malignancy. Therefore, ECM components have an increasingly important role in carcinogenesis and this leads us to believe that their understanding may be a key in the discovery of new anti-tumor therapies. In this book, the main ECM components will be discussed in more detail in each chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathia Nathaly Rigoglio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fratini
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Li Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Fang L, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Yan L, Tang Y, Fan Y. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1401-1409. [PMID: 31748879 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that cyclin D1 shown the potential as a tumor biomarker. However, the prognostic value of cyclin D1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. This study investigated the correlation of cyclin D1 expression with the prognostic and clinicopathological features in RCC patients. We systematically searched the database of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science updated on November 26, 2017. Eighteen studies with 2282 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated that cyclin D1 overexpression in RCC showed significant favorable prognostic impact on disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.74) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.85) without significant heterogeneity. In subgroup of clear cell RCC, the prognostic effect on DFS was robust and the pooled HR was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.27-0.57). However, no association between overall survival (OS) and cyclin D1 expression was observed. Stratified analysis in DFS studies by sample size, staining patterns race and metastasis status showed similar results. Otherwise, cyclin D1 overexpression predicted a reduced prevalence of high TNM stage (T3 + T4) (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.99), high-grade tumor (G3 + G4) (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.81) and large tumor size (OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.62). Our meta-analysis indicated that cyclin D1 overexpression could predict the favorable prognosis in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikai Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Tang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Xiao H, Chen P, Zeng G, Xu D, Wang X, Zhang X. Three novel hub genes and their clinical significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:6779-6791. [PMID: 31839812 PMCID: PMC6909945 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the association of biomarkers correlated with clinical stages and survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods. The GSE36895 dataset was downloaded and differentially expressed or methylated genes were analyzed. Hub genes were identified with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction network (PPI), and validated with TCGA database and our own tissues. The biological processes of hub genes were further explored by functional enrichment analysis. Survival analyses were also performed. The underlying mechanisms for ccRCC development were detected with Gene set enrichment analyses. Results. A total of 1624 differentially expressed genes were analyzed by WGCNA and 6 co-expressed gene modules were identified. Three hub genes (EHHADH, ACADM and AGXT2) were met the criterion of both WGCNA and PPI networks analysis, which showed highest negative association with pathological T stage (r = - 0.45, p = 0.01) and tumor grade (r = - 0.45, p = 0.01). The downregulation of these hub genes was validated with using both TCGA database and samples harvested at our institute The biological processes that hub genes involved, such as metabolic process (p = 9.63E - 09), oxidation-reduction process (p = 1.05E - 08) and oxidoreductase activity (p = 1.72E - 04), were revealed. Survival analysis showed a higher expression or lower methylation of these hub genes, a longer survival of ccRCC patients. ccRCC samples with higher expression of hub genes were enriched in gene sets correlated with signaling like biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, butanoate metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway. Conclusions. We identified three novel tumor suppressors associated with pathological T stage and overall survival of ccRCC. They might be potential as individualized therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xiao
- Urological Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430017, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York 11790
| | - Deqiang Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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17
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Chen L, Peng T, Luo Y, Zhou F, Wang G, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang X. ACAT1 and Metabolism-Related Pathways Are Essential for the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC), as Determined by Co-expression Network Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:957. [PMID: 31649873 PMCID: PMC6795108 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer ranks as one of the top 10 causes of cancer death; this cancer is difficult to detect, difficult to treat, and poorly understood. The most common subtype of kidney cancer is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its progression is influenced by complex gene interactions. Few clinical studies have investigated the molecular markers associated with the progression of ccRCC. In this study, we collected microarray profiles of 72 ccRCCs and matched normal samples to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to identify co-expressed gene modules. By relating all co-expressed modules to clinical features, we found that the brown module and Fuhrman grade had the highest correlation (r = -0.8, p = 1e-09). Thus, the brown module was regarded as a clinically significant module and subsequently analyzed. Functional annotation showed that the brown module focused on metabolism-related biological processes and pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism. We then performed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the hub nodes in the brown module. It is worth noting that only one candidate, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT1), was considered to be the final target most relevant to the Fuhrman grade of ccRCC, by applying the intersection of hub genes in the co-expressed network and the PPI network. ACAT1 was subsequently validated using another two external microarray datasets and the TCGA dataset. Intriguingly, validation results indicated that ACAT1 was negatively correlated with four grades of ccRCC, which was also consistent with our results from qRT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry staining of clinical samples. Overexpression of ACAT1 inhibited the proliferation and migration of human ccRCC cells in vitro. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with a lower expression of ACAT1 showed a significantly lower overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate, indicating that ACAT1 could act as a prognostic and recurrence/progression biomarker of ccRCC. In summary, we found and confirmed that ACAT1 might help to identify the progression of ccRCC, which might have important clinical implications for enhancing risk stratification, therapeutic decision, and prognosis prediction in ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianchen Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Khella HWZ, Yousef GM. Translational research: Empowering the role of pathologists and cytopathologists. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126:831-838. [PMID: 30281935 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research activity is in the core essence of pathology. Advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis translates into better patient care. Because of their unique position, laboratorians are the best to accurately identify, annotate, and classify research specimens. They also are essential for the accurate interpretation of genomic testing. Currently, cytopathologists are moving to the center of patient care through active communication with clinicians and patients. There are certain research areas in which cytopathologists can be pioneers, such as image analysis, morphology research, and genotype-phenotype association studies integrating morphologic and molecular features. Health service utilization research is another domain in which cytopathologists can excel. Successful research is a journey that necessitates multiple steps. It also involves building expertise in how to overcome obstacles and handle challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba W Z Khella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, North York, Ontario, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Center at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Chen L, Yuan L, Qian K, Qian G, Zhu Y, Wu CL, Dan HC, Xiao Y, Wang X. Identification of Biomarkers Associated With Pathological Stage and Prognosis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Co-expression Network Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:399. [PMID: 29720944 PMCID: PMC5915556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype among renal cancer whose prognostic is affected by the tumor progression associated with complex gene interactions. However, there is currently no available molecular markers associated with ccRCC progression and used or clinical application. In our study, microarray data of 101 ccRCC samples and 95 normal kidney samples were analyzed and 2,425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was then conducted and 11 co-expressed gene modules were identified. Module preservation analysis revealed that two modules (red and black) were found to be most stable. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis identified the module most relevant to pathological stage(patho-module) (r = 0.44, p = 3e-07). Functional enrichment analysis showed that biological processes of the patho-module focused on cell cycle and cell division related biological process and pathway. In addition, 29 network hub genes highly related to ccRCC progression were identified from the stage module. These 29 hub genes were subsequently validated using 2 other independent datasets including GSE53757 (n = 72) and TCGA (n = 530), and the results indicated that all hub genes were significantly positive correlated with the 4 stages of ccRCC progression. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with higher expression of each hub gene had significantly lower overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate, indicating that all hub genes could act as prognosis and recurrence/progression biomarkers of ccRCC. In summary, we identified 29 molecular markers correlated with different pathological stages of ccRCC. They may have important clinical implications for improving risk stratification, therapeutic decision and prognosis prediction in ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lushun Yuan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guofeng Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Han C Dan
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Yuan L, Zeng G, Chen L, Wang G, Wang X, Cao X, Lu M, Liu X, Qian G, Xiao Y, Wang X. Identification of key genes and pathways in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by co-expression analysis. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:266-279. [PMID: 29559845 PMCID: PMC5859473 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common solid lesion within kidney, and its prognostic is influenced by the progression covering a complex network of gene interactions. In our study, we screened differential expressed genes, and constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and a weighted gene co-expression network to identify key genes and pathways associated with the progression of ccRCC (n = 56). Functional and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in response to wounding, positive regulation of immune system process, leukocyte activation, immune response and cell activation. Downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in oxidation reduction, monovalent inorganic cation transport, ion transport, excretion and anion transport. In the PPI network, top 10 hub genes were identified (TOP2A, MYC, ALB, CDK1, VEGFA, MMP9, PTPRC, CASR, EGFR and PTGS2). In co-expression network, 6 ccRCC-related modules were identified. They were associated with immune response, metabolic process, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis and ion transport. In conclusion, our study illustrated the hub genes and pathways involved in the progress of ccRCC, and further molecular biological experiments are needed to confirm the function of the candidate biomarkers in human ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushun Yuan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, USA
| | - Guofeng Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Heterogeneous Periostin Expression in Different Histological Variants of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8701386. [PMID: 29435461 PMCID: PMC5757104 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8701386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Periostin (PN) epithelial and stromal overexpression in tumor pathology has been studied according to tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis, but a limited number of studies address PN in thyroid tumors. Aim Our study aimed to analyze PN expression in different histological variants of PTC and to correlate its expression with the clinicopathological prognostic factors. Material and Methods PN expression has been immunohistochemically assessed in 50 cases of PTC (conventional, follicular, oncocytic, macrofollicular, and tall cell variants), in tumor epithelial cells and intratumoral stroma. The association between PN expression and clinicopathological characteristics has been evaluated. Results Our results show that PTC presented different patterns of PN immunoreaction, stromal PN being significantly associated with advanced tumor stage and extrathyroidal extension. No correlations were found between PN overexpression in tumor epithelial cells and clinicopathological features, except for specific histological variants, the highest risk of poor outcome being registered for the conventional subtype in comparison to the oncocytic type. Conclusions Our study demonstrates differences in PN expression in histological subtypes of PTC. Our results plead in favor of a dominant protumorigenic role of stromal PN, while the action of epithelial PN is less noticeable.
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Yuan L, Chen L, Qian K, Wang G, Lu M, Qian G, Cao X, Jiang W, Xiao Y, Wang X. A novel correlation between ATP5A1 gene expression and progression of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma identified by co‑expression analysis. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:525-536. [PMID: 29207195 PMCID: PMC5783621 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common solid lesion within kidneys, and its prognostic is influenced by the progression covering a complex network of gene interactions. In our study, a weighted gene co-expression network was constructed to identify gene modules associated with the progression of ccRCC (n=35). In the significant module (R2 = −0.53), a total of 13 network hub genes were identified, and 2 of them were hub nodes in the protein-protein interaction network as well. In validation, ATP5A1 showed a higher correlation with the disease progression than any other hub gene in the hub module (P=0.001219). In the test set (n=202), ATP5A1 was also highly expressed in normal kidney than ccRCC tissues of each grade (P<0.001). Functional and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that ATP5A1 is overrepresented in pathway of oxidative phosphorylation, which associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) also demonstrated that the gene set of ‘oxidative phosphorylation’ and metabolic pathways were enriched in ccRCC samples with ATP5A1 highly expressed (P<0.05). In conclusion, based on the co-expression analysis, ATP5A1 was validated to be associated with progression of ccRCC, probably by regulating tumor-related phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushun Yuan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Chen L, Yuan L, Wang Y, Wang G, Zhu Y, Cao R, Qian G, Xie C, Liu X, Xiao Y, Wang X. Co-expression network analysis identified FCER1G in association with progression and prognosis in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1361-1372. [PMID: 29209141 PMCID: PMC5715520 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common solid lesion within kidney, and its prognostic is influenced by the progression covering a complex network of gene interactions. In current study, the microarray data GSE66272 containing ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed to identify 4042 differentially expressed genes, on which weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed. Then 12 co-expressed gene modules were identified. The highest association was found between blue module and pathological stage (r = -0.77) by Pearson's correlation analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that biological processes of blue module focused on inflammatory response, immune response, chemotaxis (all p < 1e-10). In the significant module, a total of 38 network hub genes were identified, FCER1G exhibited the highest correlation (r = 0.95) with ccRCC progression. In addition, FCER1G was hub node in the protein-protein interaction network of the genes in blue module as well. Thus, FCER1G was subsequently selected for validation. In the test set GSE53757 and RNA-sequencing data, FCER1G expression was also positively correlated with four stages of ccRCC progression (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that FCER1G could distinguish localized (pathological stage I, II) from non-localized (pathological stage III, IV) ccRCC (AUC=0.74, p < 0.001). Besides, FCER1G could be a prognostic gene in clinical practice as well, revealed by survival analysis based on RNA-sequencing data (p < 0.05). In conclusion, using weighted gene co-expression analysis, FCER1G was identified and validated in association with ccRCC progression and prognosis, which might improve the prognosis by influencing immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lushun Yuan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guofeng Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, USA
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Chuanyu S, Yuqing Z, Chong X, Guowei X, Xiaojun Z. Periostin promotes migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma through the integrin/focal adhesion kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694549. [PMID: 28381189 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein which is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and has been related to tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma. However, the involvement of POSTN in renal cell carcinoma migration, invasion, and their underlying mechanisms has not been established. In this study, renal cell carcinoma cell lines stably overexpressing POSTN were established using a lentiviral vector, and the effects of POSTN on renal cell carcinoma cell migration and invasion were investigated. POSTN overexpression increased the migration and invasion capabilities of renal cell carcinoma cell lines as well as activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Integrin αvβ3 and αvβ5 antibodies inhibited POSTN overexpression or recombinant POSTN-induced focal adhesion kinase activation, cell migration, and invasion. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated focal adhesion kinase knockdown and c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor reduced POSTN-enhanced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expressions, cell migration, and invasion. Our research thus indicates that POSTN promotes renal cell carcinoma cell migration and invasion through interaction with integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 and subsequent activation of the focal adhesion kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. These results suggest that POSTN plays a critical role in renal cell carcinoma metastasis and may represent a potential target for novel therapeutic approaches against renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Chuanyu
- 1 Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Yuqing
- 2 Department of Immunology, Shanghai Centre for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Chong
- 2 Department of Immunology, Shanghai Centre for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Guowei
- 1 Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Xiaojun
- 2 Department of Immunology, Shanghai Centre for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
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25
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Nolte S, Zlobec I, Lugli A, Hohenberger W, Croner R, Merkel S, Hartmann A, Geppert CI, Rau TT. Construction and analysis of tissue microarrays in the era of digital pathology: a pilot study targeting CDX1 and CDX2 in a colon cancer cohort of 612 patients. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017; 3:58-70. [PMID: 28138402 PMCID: PMC5259563 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CDX1 and CDX2 are possibly predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer. We combined digitally‐guided (next generation) TMA construction (ngTMA) and the utility of digital image analysis (DIA) to assess accuracy, tumour heterogeneity and the selective impact of different combined intensity‐percentage levels on prognosis.CDX1 and CDX2 immunohistochemistry was performed on ngTMAs covering normal tissue, tumour centre and invasive front. The percentages of all epithelial cells per staining intensity per core were analysed digitally. Beyond classical prognosis analysis following REMARK guidelines, we investigated pre‐analytical conditions, three different types of heterogeneity (mosaic‐like, targeted and haphazard) and influences on cohort segregation and patient selection. The ngTMA‐DIA approach produced robust biomarker data with infrequent core loss and excellent on‐target punching. The detailed assessment of tumour heterogeneity could – except for a certain diffuse mosaic‐like heterogeneity – exclude differences between the invasive front and tumour centre, as well as detect haphazard clonal heterogeneous elements. Moreover, lower CDX1 and CDX2 counts correlated with mucinous histology, higher TNM stage, higher tumour grade and worse survival (p < 0.01, all). Different protein expression intensity levels shared comparable prognostic power and a great overlap in patient selection. The combination of ngTMA with DIA enhances accuracy and controls for biomarker analysis. Beyond the confirmation of CDX1 and CDX2 as prognostically relevant markers in CRC, this study highlights the greater robustness of CDX2 in comparison to CDX1. For the assessment of CDX2 protein loss, cut‐points as percentage data of complete protein loss can be deduced as a recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nolte
- Institute of Pathology Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology University Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Werner Hohenberger
- Department of Surgery Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Roland Croner
- Department of Surgery Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of PathologyFriedrich Alexander University Erlangen-NurembergErlangenGermany; Institute of PathologyUniversity BernBernSwitzerland
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26
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Ma Y, Yan M, Huang H, Zhang L, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Zhao J. Associations and prognostic significance of p27 Kip1, Jab1 and Skp2 in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:357-364. [PMID: 27703676 PMCID: PMC5038891 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a primary tumor arising in lymph nodes and lymphoid tissue. The incidence of NHL is increasing at an annual rate of 3%. The human Jun activation domain-binding protein 1/COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (Jab1/CSN5) is a negative regulator of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 and abnormal expression of Jab1 is correlated with reduced p27 expression and associated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in several human cancers. F-box protein S-phase kinase-interacting protein-2 (Skp2), the substrate recognition subunit of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein ubiquitin protein ligase complex, is required for the ubiquitination and consequent degradation of p27. The Skp2 protein is overexpressed in several human cancers and is associated with the degree of differentiation and the prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression status of p27Kip1, Jab1 and Skp2 by immunohistochemistry, and assess their prognostic significance in patients with NHL. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an inverse association between Jab1 and p27 in NHL tissue samples. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that Jab1 overexpression, Skp2 overexpression and low p27 expression were significantly associated with poor prognosis. Among clinicopathological parameters, overexpression of Jab1 was significantly associated with tumor size and International Prognostic Index (IPI), whereas Skp2 expression was significantly associated with metastasis and IPI. These findings suggest that the overexpression of Jab1 or Skp2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NHL. Thus, the expression of p27Kip1, Jab1 and Skp2 provided a clinical reference for the treatment of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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28
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Krabbe LM, Margulis V, Lotan Y. Prognostic Role of Cell Cycle and Proliferative Markers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 2016; 43:105-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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29
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Ruf M, Mittmann C, Nowicka AM, Hartmann A, Hermanns T, Poyet C, van den Broek M, Sulser T, Moch H, Schraml P. pVHL/HIF-regulated CD70 expression is associated with infiltration of CD27+ lymphocytes and increased serum levels of soluble CD27 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:889-98. [PMID: 25691774 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CD70, a member of the TNF ligand superfamily, has been shown frequently overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The mechanisms of CD70's upregulation and its role in ccRCC are unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CD70 expression was immunohistochemically analyzed in 667 RCCs and RCC metastases. Von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) mutations, expression patterns of VHL protein (pVHL), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α, and several HIF targets were studied in tissues and cell lines and correlated with CD70 overexpression. Gene promoter analysis was performed to confirm CD70 as HIF target gene. Consecutive tissue sections were immunostained to reveal the relation between CD70-expressing RCCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes positive for the CD70 receptor (CD27). CD70-mediated release of soluble CD27 in RCC was assessed by coculture experiments and sera analysis of patients with RCC. RESULTS Elevated CD70 expression was seen in 80% of primary tumors and metastases of ccRCC and correlated with dysregulation of the pVHL/HIF pathway. In vitro analyses demonstrated that CD70 upregulation is driven by HIF. Furthermore, CD27(+) lymphocytes preferentially infiltrate CD70-expressing ccRCCs. CD70-dependent release of soluble CD27 in cocultures may explain the high CD27 levels observed in sera of patients with CD70-expressing ccRCC. The combination of lymphocyte infiltration and CD70 expression in RCC was associated with worse patient outcome. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that in ccRCC, CD70 expression is regulated by HIF as a consequence of pVHL inactivation. Increased serum levels of CD27 suggest the existence of CD70-expressing ccRCC, thus representing a potential serum marker for patients suffering from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ruf
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christiane Mittmann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna M Nowicka
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tullio Sulser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schraml
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Chen M, Zheng SH, Liu Y, Shi J, Qi ST. Periostin activates pathways involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. J Neurol Sci 2015; 360:49-54. [PMID: 26723972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Periostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein (ECM) critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in several kinds of tumor cells. Previous studies have indicated that EMT exists in craniopharyngioma (CP), and expression of POSTN is a significant factor in the prognosis of CP. However, it has never been explored whether POSTN exists in CP, or how it activates CP's EMT. The expression of POSTN was examined in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) primary cells and tissues by immunohistochemistry, PCR and Western blot, respectively. The effects and mechanisms of POSTN on ACP cells' EMT were also analyzed. It was found that POSTN expression increased in ACP-associated fibroblasts. Overexpressed POSTN significantly elevated the EMT of ACP cells by regulating the expression of associated genes. More importantly, our further study revealed that the upregulated POSTN activated Akt signaling pathway to regulate the EMT. This study showed that POSTN is responsible for the EMT of ACP cells, and POSTN might be a potential molecular therapeutic target for ACP treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shi-hao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Song-tao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Nowicka AM, Häuselmann I, Borsig L, Bolduan S, Schindler M, Schraml P, Heikenwalder M, Moch H. A novel pVHL-independent but NEMO-driven pathway in renal cancer promotes HIF stabilization. Oncogene 2015; 35:3125-38. [PMID: 26500060 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is due to loss of von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) function in most clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). Here we describe a novel pVHL-independent mechanism of HIF regulation and identify nuclear factor (NF)-κB essential modulator (NEMO) as a hitherto unknown oncogenic factor influencing human ccRCC progression. Over 60% of human ccRCCs (n=157) have negative or weak NEMO protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Moderate/strong NEMO protein expression is more frequent in VHL wild-type ccRCCs. We show that NEMO stabilizes HIFα via direct interaction and independently of NF-κB signaling in vitro. NEMO prolongs tumor cell survival via regulation of apoptosis and activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, facilitating tumor metastasis. Our findings suggest that NEMO-driven HIF activation is involved in progression of ccRCC. Therefore, NEMO may represent a clinically relevant link between NF-κB and the VHL/HIF pathways. Targeting NEMO with specific inhibitors in patients with metastatic ccRCC could be a novel treatment approach in patients with ccRCC expressing functional pVHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Nowicka
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Häuselmann
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Bolduan
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Schindler
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - P Schraml
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Heikenwalder
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma and renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor: two variants of a morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic distinct entity of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2015; 39:889-901. [PMID: 25970683 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (ccpRCC) and renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor (RAT) share morphologic similarities with clear cell (ccRCC) and papillary RCC (pRCC). It is a matter of controversy whether their morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features allow the definition of a separate renal carcinoma entity. The aim of our project was to investigate specific renal immunohistochemical biomarkers involved in the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway and mutations in the VHL gene to clarify the relationship between ccpRCC and RAT. We investigated 28 ccpRCC and 9 RAT samples by immunohistochemistry using 25 markers. VHL gene mutations and allele losses were investigated by Sanger sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Clinical follow-up data were obtained for a subset of the patients. No tumor recurrence or tumor-related death was observed in any of the patients. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses led to the reclassification of 3 tumors as ccRCC and TFE3 translocation carcinomas. The immunohistochemical profile of ccpRCC and RAT samples was very similar but not identical, differing from both ccRCC and pRCC. Especially, the parafibromin and hKIM-1 expression exhibited differences in ccpRCC/RAT compared with ccRCC and pRCC. Genetic analysis revealed VHL mutations in 2/27 (7%) and 1/7 (14%) ccpRCC and RAT samples, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis disclosed a 3p loss in 2/20 (10%) ccpRCC samples. ccpRCC and RAT have a specific morphologic and immunohistochemical profile, but they share similarities with the more aggressive renal tumors. On the basis of our results, we regard ccpRCC/RAT as a distinct entity of RCCs.
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33
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Liu MT, Chen MK, Huang CC, Huang CY. Prognostic Value of Molecular Markers and Implication for Molecular Targeted Therapies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Update in an Era of New Targeted Molecules Development. World J Oncol 2015; 6:243-261. [PMID: 29147412 PMCID: PMC5649942 DOI: 10.14740/wjon610w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers which could provide information for more accurate prognostication and development of novel therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is a unique malignant epithelial carcinoma of head and neck region, with an intimate association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Currently, the prediction of NPC prognosis is mainly based on the clinical TNM staging; however, NPC patients with the same clinical stage often present different clinical outcomes, suggesting that the TNM stage is insufficient to precisely predict the prognosis of this disease. In this review, we give an overview of the prognostic value of molecular markers in NPC and discuss potential strategies of targeted therapies for treatment of NPC. Molecular biomarkers, which play roles in abnormal proliferation signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway), intracellular mitogenic signal aberration (such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α), receptor-mediated aberrations (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), tumor suppressors (such as p16 and p27 activity), cell cycle aberrations (such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E), cell adhesion aberrations (such as E-cadherin), apoptosis dysregualtion (such as survivin) and centromere aberration (centromere protein H), are prognostic markers for NPC. Plasma EBV DNA concentrations and EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins are also prognostic markers for NPC. Implication of molecular targeted therapies in NPC was discussed. Such therapies could have potential in combination with different cytotoxic agents to combat and eradicate tumor cells. In order to further improve overall survival for patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC, the development of innovative strategies, including prognostic molecular markers and molecular targeted agents is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Tai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC.,Department of Medicine, Chang Shan Medical University, 110 Section 1, Chien- Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, ROC.,Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC
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Zhao Z, Liao G, Li Y, Zhou S, Zou H, Fernando S. Prognostic value of carbonic anhydrase IX immunohistochemical expression in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of the literature. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114096. [PMID: 25426861 PMCID: PMC4245260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) protein has been correlated with progression and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The prognostic value of CAIX in RCC however, remains inconclusive according to published works. This study aimed to analyze CAIX as a biological marker to predict RCC patient prognosis. Methods A literature search of the PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases was performed to retrieve original studies from their inception to December of 2013. Fifteen studies, collectively including a total of 2611 patients with renal cell carcinoma, were carefully reviewed. Standard meta-analysis methods were applied to evaluate the prognostic impact of CAIX expression on patient prognosis. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were recorded for the relationship between CAIX expression and survival, and the data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.2 software and Stata software 11.0. Results In patients with RCC, low CAIX expression was associated with poor disease-specific survival (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.20–2.98, P = 0.006), unfavorable progression-free survival (HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.14–6.05, P = 0.02) and worse overall survival (HR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.28–3.21, P = 0.002). Furthermore, low CAIX expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.15–0.62, P = 0.0009) and distant metastases (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.46–0.96, P = 0.03) and predicted a higher tumor grade (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.31–0.54, P<0.00001). Conclusions Low CAIX expression most likely indicates poor prognosis in RCC patients. Moreover, low CAIX expression was significantly associated with unfavorable clinicopathological factors. To strengthen our findings, further well-designed prospective studies should be conducted to investigate the role of CAIX expression in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhao
- Institution of Urology and Nephrology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Institution of Urology and Nephrology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulu Zhou
- Institution of Urology and Nephrology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Institution of Urology and Nephrology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Weber T, Meinhardt M, Zastrow S, Wienke A, Erdmann K, Hofmann J, Fuessel S, Wirth MP. Stage-dependent prognostic impact of molecular signatures in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:645-54. [PMID: 24833908 PMCID: PMC4014363 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s59983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To enhance prognostic information of protein biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), we analyzed them within prognostic groups of ccRCC harboring different tumor characteristics of this clinically and molecularly heterogeneous tumor entity. Methods Tissue microarrays from 145 patients with primary ccRCC were immunohistochemically analyzed for VHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor), Ki67 (marker of proliferation 1), p53 (tumor protein p53), p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A), survivin (baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5), and UEA-1 (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I) to assess microvessel-density. Results When analyzing all patients, nuclear staining of Ki67 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.12) and nuclear survivin (nS; HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08) were significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS). In the cohort of patients with advanced localized or metastasized ccRCC, high staining of Ki67, p53 and nS predicted shorter DSS (Ki67: HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.11; p53: HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09; nS: HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.14). In organ-confined ccRCC, patients with high p21-staining had a longer DSS (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99). In a multivariate model with stepwise backward elimination, tumor size and p21-staining showed a significant association with DSS in patients with “organ-confined” ccRCCs. The p21-staining increased the concordance index of tumor size from 0.75 to 0.78. In patients with “organ-confined” ccRCC, no disease-related deaths occurred in the group with p21-expression below the threshold of 32.5% p21-positive cells (log rank test: P=0.002). Conclusion The prognostic information of the studied protein biomarkers depended on anatomic tumor stages, which displayed different acquired biological tumor characteristics. Analysis of prognostic factors within different clinical ccRCC groups could help to enhance their prognostic power. The p21-staining was an independent prognostic factor and increased prognostic accuracy in a predictive model in “organ-confined” ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weber
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Zastrow
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred P Wirth
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Nuzzo PV, Buzzatti G, Ricci F, Rubagotti A, Argellati F, Zinoli L, Boccardo F. Periostin: a novel prognostic and therapeutic target for genitourinary cancer? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2014; 12:301-11. [PMID: 24656869 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many of the cellular abnormalities present in solid tumors are structural in nature and involve the proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Periostin is a protein produced and secreted by the fibroblasts as a component of the ECM where it is involved in regulating intercellular adhesion. The expression of periostin has an important physiological role during embryogenesis and growth, namely at the level of bone, dental, and cardiac tissues. Many studies indicate that periostin plays an important role for tumor progression in various types of cancer, such as colon, lung, head and neck, breast, ovarian, and prostate. To the best of our knowledge, a limited number of studies have investigated periostin expression in urogenital cancer, such as prostate, bladder, penile, and renal cancer, and no studies were performed in testis cancer. In this review article, we summarize the most recent knowledge of periostin, its genetic and protein structure, and the role of the different isoforms identified and sequenced so far. In particular, we focus our attention on the role of this protein in genitourinary tumors, trying to emphasize the role not only as a possible prognostic marker, but also as a possible target for the development of future anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Vitale Nuzzo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Buzzatti
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rubagotti
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Argellati
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Linda Zinoli
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Boccardo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology (Medical Oncology B), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Moch H, Srigley J, Delahunt B, Montironi R, Egevad L, Tan PH. Biomarkers in renal cancer. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:359-65. [PMID: 24487793 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for primary and metastatic renal cancer are increasing. Accurate data from the pathological examination of renal cancer specimens aid clinicians in stratifying patients for surveillance and adjuvant therapies. This review focuses on biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the biologic behavior of renal tumors which should be recorded in pathology reports and which are under investigation. Special emphasis is given to the use of immunohistochemical markers in differential diagnosis of various renal tumor subtypes. The relevance of cytogenetic and molecular findings is also discussed. The review includes the 2012 International Society for Urological Pathology Consensus conference recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091, Zürich, Switzerland,
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Brain metastasis in renal cancer patients: metastatic pattern, tumour-associated macrophages and chemokine/chemoreceptor expression. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:686-94. [PMID: 24327013 PMCID: PMC3915122 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms of brain metastasis in renal cell cancer (RCC) patients are poorly understood. Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression may contribute to the predilection of RCC for brain metastasis by recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and by control or induction of vascular permeability of the blood–brain barrier. Methods: Frequency and patterns of brain metastasis were determined in 246 patients with metastatic RCC at autopsy. Expression of CXCR4, CCL7 (MCP-3), CCR2 and CD68+ tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) were analysed in a separate series of 333 primary RCC and in 48 brain metastases using immunohistochemistry. Results: Fifteen percent of 246 patients with metastasising RCC had brain metastasis. High CXCR4 expression levels were found in primary RCC and brain metastases (85.7% and 91.7%, respectively). CCR2 (52.1%) and CCL7 expression (75%) in cancer cells of brain metastases was more frequent compared with primary tumours (15.5% and 16.7%, respectively; P<0.0001 each). The density of CD68+ TAMs was similar in primary RCC and brain metastases. However, TAMs were more frequently CCR2-positive in brain metastases than in primary RCC (P<0.001). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the monocyte-specific chemokine CCL7 and its receptor CCR2 are expressed in tumour cells of RCC. We conclude that monocyte recruitment by CCR2 contributes to brain metastasis of RCC.
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Mans DA, Vermaat JS, Weijts BG, van Rooijen E, van Reeuwijk J, Boldt K, Daenen LGM, van der Groep P, Rowland BD, Jans JJ, Roepman R, Voest EE, van Diest PJ, Verhaar MC, de Bruin A, Giles RH. Regulation of E2F1 by the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor protein predicts survival in renal cell cancer patients. J Pathol 2013; 231:117-29. [PMID: 23744542 DOI: 10.1002/path.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene are the most common cause of sporadic and inherited renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Loss of VHL has been reported to affect cell proliferation by deregulating cell cycle-associated proteins. We report that the VHL gene product (pVHL) inhibits E2F1 expression at both mRNA and protein level in zebrafish and human RCC cells, while loss of VHL increases E2F1 expression in patient kidney tumour tissue and RCC cells, resulting in a delay of cell cycle progression. RCCs from von Hippel-Lindau patients with known germline VHL mutations express significantly more E2F1 compared to sporadic RCCs with either clear-cell (cc) or non-cc histology. Analysis of 138 primary RCCs reveals that E2F1 expression is significantly higher in tumours with a diameter ≤7 cm and with a favourable American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. The expression of E2F1 in RCC significantly correlates with p27 expression, suggesting that increased expression of E2F1 in RCC induces tumour cell senescence via p27. Cox regression analysis shows significant prediction of E2F1 expression for disease-free survival and overall survival, implying that E2F1 expression in kidney tumour is a novel prognostic factor for patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorus A Mans
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dannenmann SR, Hermanns T, Bransi A, Matter C, von Boehmer L, Stevanovic S, Schraml P, Moch H, Knuth A, van den Broek M. Spontaneous peripheral T-cell responses toward the tumor-associated antigen cyclin D1 in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2013; 1:288-95. [PMID: 24777966 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of kidney cancers with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) as the major subgroup. To expand the number of clinically relevant tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that can be targeted by immunotherapy, we analyzed samples from 23 patients with primary ccRCC for the expression and immunogenicity of various TAAs. We found high-frequency expression of MAGE-A9 and NY-ESO-1 in 36% and 55% of samples, respectively, and overexpression of PRAME, RAGE-1, CA-IX, Cyclin D1, ADFP, C-MET, and RGS-5 in many of the tumor samples. We analyzed the blood of patients with HLA-A2(+) ccRCC for the presence of CD8(+) T cells specific for TAA-derived HLA-A2-restricted peptides and found spontaneous responses to cyclin D1 in 5 of 6 patients with Cyclin D1-positive tumors. Cyclin D1-specific CD8(+) T cells secreted TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and degranulated, indicating the presence of polyfunctional tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells in the blood of these patients with ccRCC. The high frequency (43%) of Cyclin D1 overexpression and the presence of functional cyclin D1-specific T cells in 83% of these patients with ccRCC suggest that cyclin D1 may be a target for immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie R Dannenmann
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
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The circadian clock and the hypoxic response pathway in kidney cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma induces fibroblast-mediated production of stromal periostin. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3537-46. [PMID: 23896380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increase in periostin (PN) was reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). But how PN contributes to ccRCC pathogenesis remains unclear. This research will investigate the underlying mechanism. METHODS The PN protein in 37 adjacent non-tumour kidney (ANK) tissues, their respective ccRCCs, 16 cases of metastasised ccRCC and xenograft tumours was analysed by immunohistochemistry. PN expression in ccRCC cells and NIH3T3 fibroblasts was examined by real time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and western blot. RESULTS PN was detected at low levels in the tubular epithelial cells of ANKs. PN was robustly increased in the ccRCC-associated stroma of both organ-confined and metastasised ccRCCs. Furthermore, despite A498 ccRCC cells and their-derived xenograft tumour cells expressing a low level of PN, a strong presence of stromal PN was observed especially in the boundary region between xenograft tumour mass and non-tumour tissue. Collectively, these results suggest that the ccRCC-associated PN was derived from stroma instead of tumours. This notion was supported by the co-existence of PN with α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a marker of activated fibroblasts, in both local and metastasised ccRCC. Furthermore, co-culture of NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts with either human A498 or 786-0 ccRCC cells dramatically enhanced PN transcription only in NIH3T3 cells as well as NIH3T3 cell-mediated accumulation of extracellular PN. In return, extracellular PN significantly enhanced A498 cell attachment. Elevation of PN promotes NIH3T3 cell proliferation and enhanced AKT activation. CONCLUSIONS ccRCC induces fibroblast-mediated accumulation of stromal PN; stromal PN enhances ccRCC cell attachment and fibroblast proliferation.
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Weber T, Meinhardt M, Zastrow S, Wienke A, Fuessel S, Wirth MP. Immunohistochemical analysis of prognostic protein markers for primary localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:51-9. [PMID: 23327192 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2012.749267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence is not reliably predictable in localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Proteinmarkers could improve predictive accuracy. Tissue-microarrays from 132 patients with primary localized ccRCC were immunohistochemically analyzed for VHL, Ki67, p53, p21, survivin, and, for microvessel-density, UEA-1. Nuclear stainings of Ki67, p21, and survivin were significantly associated with disease-specific survival and increased predictive ability from 74% to 76%, 77%, and 78%, respectively in a multivariate model including T-stage and Fuhrman grade. A score-variable, combining Ki67-, p21-, and nS-staining identified a subset of patients with high risk of disease recurrence and increased predictive ability in the multivariate model to 84%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weber
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Albers J, Rajski M, Schönenberger D, Harlander S, Schraml P, von Teichman A, Georgiev S, Wild PJ, Moch H, Krek W, Frew IJ. Combined mutation of Vhl and Trp53 causes renal cysts and tumours in mice. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:949-64. [PMID: 23606570 PMCID: PMC3779454 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The combinations of genetic alterations that cooperate with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) mutation to cause clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain poorly understood. We show that the TP53 tumour suppressor gene is mutated in approximately 9% of human ccRCCs. Combined deletion of Vhl and Trp53 in primary mouse embryo fibroblasts causes proliferative dysregulation and high rates of aneuploidy. Deletion of these genes in the epithelium of the kidney induces the formation of simple cysts, atypical cysts and neoplasms, and deletion in the epithelia of the genital urinary tract leads to dysplasia and tumour formation. Kidney cysts display a reduced frequency of primary cilia and atypical cysts and neoplasms exhibit a pro-proliferative signature including activation of mTORC1 and high expression of Myc, mimicking several cellular and molecular alterations seen in human ccRCC and its precursor lesions. As the majority of ccRCC is associated with functional inactivation of VHL, our findings suggest that for a subset of ccRCC, loss of p53 function represents a critical event in tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Albers
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Boysen G, Bausch-Fluck D, Thoma CR, Nowicka AM, Stiehl DP, Cima I, Luu VD, von Teichman A, Hermanns T, Sulser T, Ingold-Heppner B, Fankhauser N, Wenger RH, Krek W, Schraml P, Wollscheid B, Moch H. Identification and functional characterization of pVHL-dependent cell surface proteins in renal cell carcinoma. Neoplasia 2012; 14:535-46. [PMID: 22806541 DOI: 10.1596/neo.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The identification of cell surface accessible biomarkers enabling diagnosis, disease monitoring, and treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is as challenging as the biology and progression of RCC is unpredictable. A hallmark of most RCC is the loss-of-function of the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) protein by mutation of its gene (VHL). Using the cell surface capturing (CSC) technology, we screened and identified cell surface N-glycoproteins in pVHL-negative and positive 786-O cells. One hundred six cell surface N-glycoproteins were identified. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture-based quantification of the CSC screen revealed 23 N-glycoproteins whose abundance seemed to change in a pVHL-dependent manner. Targeted validation experiments using transcriptional profiling of primary RCC samples revealed that nine glycoproteins, including CD10 and AXL, could be directly linked to pVHL-mediated transcriptional regulation. Subsequent human tumor tissue analysis of these cell surface candidate markers showed a correlation between epithelial AXL expression and aggressive tumor phenotype, indicating that pVHL-dependent regulation of glycoproteins may influence the biologic behavior of RCC. Functional characterization of the metalloprotease CD10 in cell invasion assays demonstrated a diminished penetrating behavior of pVHL-negative 786-O cells on treatment with the CD10-specific inhibitor thiorphan. Our proteomic surfaceome screening approach in combination with transcriptional profiling and functional validation suggests pVHL-dependent cell surface glycoproteins as potential diagnostic markers for therapeutic targeting and RCC patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Boysen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pawłowski R, Mühl SM, Sulser T, Krek W, Moch H, Schraml P. Loss of PBRM1 expression is associated with renal cell carcinoma progression. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:E11-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Moch H. An overview of renal cell cancer: pathology and genetics. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 23:3-9. [PMID: 22722066 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is a group of malignancies arising from the epithelium of the renal tubules. The pattern of somatic mutations in kidney tumors has been extensively investigated. In the current 2004 WHO classification, the molecular background of a renal tumor has become, in addition to histopathology, a major criterion for tumor classification. The goal of this review is to discuss morphology and genetics of adult renal epithelial cancer included in the 2004 WHO classification and to mention renal tumor types, which are not considered in the current WHO classification. Further, pathologic considerations with clinical and prognostic implications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dey N, Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Mandal CC, Parekh DJ, Block K, Kasinath BS, Abboud HE, Choudhury GG. microRNA-21 governs TORC1 activation in renal cancer cell proliferation and invasion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37366. [PMID: 22685542 PMCID: PMC3368259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cancer manifests multiple signatures of gene expression. Deviation in expression of mature miRNAs has been linked to human cancers. Importance of miR-21 in renal cell carcinomas is proposed from profiling studies using tumor tissue samples. However, the role of miR-21 function in causing renal cancer cell proliferation and invasion has not yet been shown. Using cultured renal carcinoma cells, we demonstrate enhanced expression of mature miR-21 along with pre-and pri-miR-21 by increased transcription compared to normal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-21 Sponge to quench endogenous miR-21 levels inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of renal cancer cells. In the absence of mutation in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, PTEN protein levels are frequently downregulated in renal cancer. We show that miR-21 targets PTEN mRNA 3'untranslated region to decrease PTEN protein expression and augments Akt phosphorylation in renal cancer cells. Downregulation of PTEN as well as overexpression of constitutively active Akt kinase prevented miR-21 Sponge-induced inhibition of renal cancer cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, we show that miR-21 Sponge inhibited the inactivating phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein tuberin and attenuated TORC1 activation. Finally, we demonstrate that expression of constitutively active TORC1 attenuated miR-21 Sponge-mediated suppression of proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells. Our results uncover a layer of post-transcriptional regulation of PTEN by transcriptional activation of miR-21 to force the canonical oncogenic Akt/TORC1 signaling conduit to drive renal cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Dey
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- Veterans Administration Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chandi Charan Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dipen J. Parekh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Balakuntalam S. Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hanna E. Abboud
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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50
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Pan Y, Zhang Q, Tian L, Wang X, Fan X, Zhang H, Claret FX, Yang H. Jab1/CSN5 negatively regulates p27 and plays a role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1890-900. [PMID: 22350412 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancy most common in East Asia and Africa. Aberrant expression of Jab1/CSN5, a negative regulator of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27, is correlated with reduced p27 expression and associated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in several human cancers. In this study, we examined the functional relationship between Jab1 and p27 protein expression in NPC. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an inverse association between Jab1 and p27 in NPC tissue samples, and overexpression of Jab1 correlated with poor survival in patients with NPC. Mechanistically, Jab1 and p27 were found to interact directly in NPC cells, with Jab1 mediating p27 degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Knockdown of Jab1 resulted in a remarkable increase in p27 levels and inhibition of cell proliferation, indicating that Jab1 targets p27 for degradation, thereby controlling its stability. Jab1 depletion also enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin in NPC cells. Together, our findings suggest that Jab1 overexpression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC through Jab1-mediated p27 degradation. Jab1 therefore represents a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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