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Di Cosimo S, De Marco C, Silvestri M, Busico A, Vingiani A, Pruneri G, Cappelletti V. Can we define breast cancer HER2 status by liquid biopsy? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 381:23-56. [PMID: 37739483 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2) assessment is crucial for breast cancer treatment. Therapeutic decisions for recurrent cases often rely on primary tumor status. However, mounting evidence suggests that tumors show dynamic changes and up to 10% of breast cancer modify their initial status during progression. It is still debated whether these changes reflect a biological evolution of the disease or are secondary to primary tumor heterogeneity. Certainly, repeating HER2 assessment during breast cancer trajectory is important for the increasing availability of effective anti-HER2 drugs. In response to this need, circulating biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offer the potential to safely and repeatedly assess HER2 status over time. This chapter outlines current methods for testing HER2 in CTCs and ctDNA, and reviews clinical trials evaluating its prognostic and predictive value in patients with breast cancer, as well as recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Di Cosimo
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Marco
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Silvestri
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Adele Busico
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Vingiani
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Vera Cappelletti
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
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2
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Popović M, Silovski T, Križić M, Dedić Plavetić N. HER2 Low Breast Cancer: A New Subtype or a Trojan for Cytotoxic Drug Delivery? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098206. [PMID: 37175916 PMCID: PMC10179462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great progress made in the understanding of the biological behavior of certain types of invasive breast cancer, there is still no single histological or molecular classification that encompasses such diversity and accurately predicts the clinical course of distinct breast cancer subtypes. The long-lasting classification of breast cancer as HER2-positive vs. HER2-negative has recently come into question with the discovery of new antibody drug conjugates (ADC), which are proven to be remarkably efficient in treating HER2-low breast cancer. The HER2-low paradigm has challenged the traditional understanding of HER2 overexpression and emphasized the need for more robust HER2 testing in order to encompass HER2 intratumoral heterogeneity and spatial distribution more accurately. It is yet to be seen if low HER2 will remain merely a marker of HER2-equipped tumors targetable with ADCs or if distinctive molecular and phenotypic groups within HER2-low tumors will eventually be discerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Popović
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tajana Silovski
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Križić
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Natalija Dedić Plavetić
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Sun H, Chen H, Crespo J, Tang G, Robinson M, Lim B, Şahin AA. Clinicopathological Features of Breast Cancer with Polysomy 17 and Its Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Eur J Breast Health 2021; 17:128-136. [PMID: 33870112 DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2021.2021-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective The interpretation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results may be challenging in tumors with polysomy 17, which is defined as increased signals of chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17). The effect of polysomy 17 on HER2 protein expression and tumor treatment response has not been established. In this retrospective study, we investigated the clinicopathological features of breast cancer with polysomy 17 and determined the tumors' response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Materials and Methods The study included 366 patients with primary breast cancer whose tumors had a CEP17 count of ≥ three/nucleus based on HER2 FISH studies. These cases were categorized according to HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 signals/nucleus using the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines. We compared the clinicopathological characteristics and tumor response to NACT among different groups. Results There was a statistically significant difference in patients' age at diagnosis, tumor pathological grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, and NACT response among different HER2 FISH groups. Polysomy 17 tumors in group 1 had a higher rate of response (pathological complete response and residual cancer burden class I) to NACT containing anti-HER2 reagent than did those in other groups (p = 0.004), whereas polysomy 17 tumors in group 3 did not show a significant response to anti-HER2 treatment. Conclusion Polysomy 17 tumors in different HER2 FISH groups have different pathological features and respond to NACT differently. These results may help us identify patients who will benefit from anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Sun
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James Crespo
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa Robinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ayşegül A Şahin
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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4
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Ahn S, Woo JW, Lee K, Park SY. HER2 status in breast cancer: changes in guidelines and complicating factors for interpretation. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 54:34-44. [PMID: 31693827 PMCID: PMC6986968 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression and/or HER2 gene amplification is found in about 20% of invasive breast cancers. It is a sole predictive marker for treatment benefits from HER2 targeted therapy and thus, HER2 testing is a routine practice for newly diagnosed breast cancer in pathology. Currently, HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used for a screening test, and in situ hybridization is used as a confirmation test for HER2 IHC equivocal cases. Since the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines on HER2 testing was first released in 2007, it has been updated to provide clear instructions for HER2 testing and accurate determination of HER2 status in breast cancer. During HER2 interpretation, some pitfalls such as intratumoral HER2 heterogeneity and increase in chromosome enumeration probe 17 signals may lead to inaccurate assessment of HER2 status. Moreover, HER2 status can be altered after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or during metastatic progression, due to biologic or methodologic issues. This review addresses recent updates of ASCO/CAP guidelines and factors complicating in the interpretation of HER2 status in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Won Woo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoungyul Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Halilovic A, Verweij DI, Simons A, Stevens-Kroef MJPL, Vermeulen S, Elsink J, Tops BBJ, Otte-Höller I, van der Laak JAWM, van de Water C, Boelens OBA, Schlooz-Vries MS, Dijkstra JR, Nagtegaal ID, Tol J, van Cleef PHJ, Span PN, Bult P. HER2, chromosome 17 polysomy and DNA ploidy status in breast cancer; a translational study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11679. [PMID: 31406196 PMCID: PMC6690925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment depends on human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status, which is often determined using dual probe fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Hereby, also loss and gain of the centromere of chromosome 17 (CEP17) can be observed (HER2 is located on chromosome 17). CEP17 gain can lead to difficulty in interpretation of HER2 status, since this might represent true polysomy. With this study we investigated whether isolated polysomy is present and how this effects HER2 status in six breast cancer cell lines and 97 breast cancer cases, using HER2 FISH and immunohistochemistry, DNA ploidy assessment and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification. We observed no isolated polysomy of chromosome 17 in any cell line. However, FISH analysis did show CEP17 gain in five of six cell lines, which reflected gains of the whole chromosome in metaphase spreads and aneuploidy with gain of multiple chromosomes in all these cases. In patients' samples, gain of CEP17 indeed correlated with aneuploidy of the tumour (91.1%; p < 0.001). Our results indicate that CEP17 gain is not due to isolated polysomy, but rather due to widespread aneuploidy with gain of multiple chromosomes. As aneuploidy is associated with poor clinical outcome, irrespective of tumour grade, this could improve future therapeutic decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altuna Halilovic
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dagmar I Verweij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annet Simons
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Susan Vermeulen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janet Elsink
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Otte-Höller
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carlijn van de Water
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jeroen R Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Tol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia H J van Cleef
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N Span
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Siravegna G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Nagy RJ, Raghav K, Odegaard JI, Lanman RB, Trusolino L, Marsoni S, Siena S, Bardelli A. Plasma HER2 ( ERBB2) Copy Number Predicts Response to HER2-targeted Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3046-3053. [PMID: 30808777 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE ERBB2 (HER2) amplification is an emerging biomarker in colon cancer, conferring sensitivity to combination anti-HER2 therapy. Measurement of HER2 copy number is typically performed using surgical specimens, but cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis may be a noninvasive alternative. We determined the sensitivity of plasma copy number (pCN) for detecting ERBB2 amplifications and whether pCN correlated with tissue-detected copy number. We also assessed response to HER2-targeted therapy based on pCN and suggest a pCN threshold predictive of response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Forty-eight pretreatment and progression plasma samples from 29 HER2-positive patients in the HERACLES A clinical trial were tested using the Guardant360 cfDNA assay. We correlated ERRB2 pCN with progression-free survival (PFS) and best objective response (BOR) and applied an adjustment method based on tumor DNA shedding using the maximum mutant allele fraction as a surrogate for tumor content to accurately determine the pCN threshold predictive of response. RESULTS Forty-seven of 48 samples had detectable ctDNA, and 46 of 47 samples were ERBB2-amplified on the basis of cfDNA [2.55-122 copies; 97.9% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, 87.2%-99.8%)]. An adjusted ERBB2 pCN of ≥25.82 copies correlated with BOR and PFS (P = 0.0347). CONCLUSIONS cfDNA is a viable alternative to tissue-based genotyping in the metastatic setting. The cfDNA platform utilized correctly identified 28 of 29 (96.6%) of pretreatment samples as ERBB2-amplified and predicted benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. In this study, an observed pCN of 2.4 and an adjusted pCN of 25.82 copies of ERBB2 are proposed to select patients who will benefit from HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Siravegna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Kanwal Raghav
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Marsoni
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Haematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy. .,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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7
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Raghav K, Morris V, Tang C, Morelli P, Amin HM, Chen K, Manyam GC, Broom B, Overman MJ, Shaw K, Meric-Bernstam F, Maru D, Menter D, Ellis LM, Eng C, Hong D, Kopetz S. MET amplification in metastatic colorectal cancer: an acquired response to EGFR inhibition, not a de novo phenomenon. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54627-54631. [PMID: 27421137 PMCID: PMC5342368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MET amplification appears to be a predictive biomarker for MET inhibition. Prior studies reported a MET amplification rate of 9–18% in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) but do not differentiate increased gene copy numbers due to chromosomal level aberrations from focal gene amplifications. Validation of MET amplification rate in mCRC is critical to this field. Results In tumor tissue-based analyses, overall MET amplification rate was 1.7% (10/590). MET amplification was seen in 0/103 (0%), 4/208 (1.9%) and 6/279 (2.2%) cases, in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Rate of MET amplification in cfDNA of cohort 4 patients refractory to anti-EGFR therapy (n = 53) was 22.6% (12/53) and was significantly higher compared to patients not exposed to anti-EGFR therapy (p < 0.001). Materials and Methods We analyzed MET amplification in mCRC (n = 795) using different methods across multiple cohorts. Cohort 1 (n = 103) and 2 (n = 208) included resected liver metastases and tumor biopsies, respectively, tested for MET amplification using fluorescence in-situ hybridization [amplification: MET/CEP7 ratio ≥ 2.0]. Using another tissue-based approach, cohort 3 (n = 279) included tumor biopsies sequenced with HiSeq (Illumina) with full exome coverage for MET [amplification: ≥ 4 copies identified by an in-house algorithm]. Using a blood-based approach by contrast, cohort 4 (n = 205) included patients in whom the full exome of MET in circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) was sequenced with HiSeq. Conclusions Contrary to prior reports, in this large cohort, MET amplification was a rare event in mCRC tissues. In plasma by stark contrast, MET amplification identified by cfDNA occurred in a sizable subset of patients that are refractory to anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Raghav
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pia Morelli
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganiraju C Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Overman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenna Shaw
- Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute of Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dipen Maru
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lee M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hong
- Department of Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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8
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Lee K, Jang MH, Chung YR, Lee Y, Kang E, Kim SW, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Kim IA, Park SY. Prognostic significance of centromere 17 copy number gain in breast cancer depends on breast cancer subtype. Hum Pathol 2016; 61:111-120. [PMID: 27989787 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased copy number of chromosome enumeration probe (CEP) targeting centromere 17 is frequently encountered during HER2 in situ hybridization (ISH) in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic significance of CEP17 copy number gain in a relatively large series of breast cancer patients. We analyzed 945 cases of invasive breast cancers whose HER2 fluorescence ISH reports were available from 2004 to 2011 at a single institution and evaluated the association of CEP17 copy number gain with clinicopathologic features of tumors and patient survival. We detected 186 (19.7%) cases of CEP17 copy number gain (CEP17≥3.0) among 945 invasive breast cancers. In survival analysis, CEP17 copy number gain was not associated with disease-free survival of the patients in the whole group. Nonetheless, it was found to be an independent adverse prognostic factor in the HER2-negative group but not in the HER2-positive group. In further subgroup analyses, CEP17 copy number gain was revealed as an independent poor prognostic factor in HER2-negative and hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, and it was associated with aggressive histologic variables including high T stage, high histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, p53 overexpression, and high Ki-67 proliferative index. In conclusion, we found that elevated CEP17 count can serve as a prognostic marker in luminal/HER2-negative subtype of invasive breast cancer. We advocate the use of the dual-colored fluorescence ISH using CEP17 rather than the single-colored one because it gives additional valuable information on CEP17 copy number alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuongyul Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Jang
- Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Ri Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangkyu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kang
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea; Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13620, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Jang MH, Kim EJ, Kim HJ, Chung YR, Park SY. Assessment of HER2 status in invasive breast cancers with increased centromere 17 copy number. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Bethune GC, Veldhuijzen van Zanten D, MacIntosh RF, Rayson D, Younis T, Thompson K, Barnes PJ. Impact of the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing of invasive breast carcinoma: a focus on tumours assessed as ‘equivocal’ for HE. Histopathology 2015; 67:880-7. [PMID: 25913507 DOI: 10.1111/his.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian C Bethune
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University; Halifax NS Canada
| | - Daniel Veldhuijzen van Zanten
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University; Halifax NS Canada
| | - Rebecca F MacIntosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University; Halifax NS Canada
| | - Daniel Rayson
- Division of Medical Oncology; Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University; Halifax NS Canada
| | - Tallal Younis
- Division of Medical Oncology; Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University; Halifax NS Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Medicine; Research Methods Unit; Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University; Halifax NS Canada
| | - Penny J Barnes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Capital District Health Authority and Dalhousie University; Halifax NS Canada
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11
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Current HER2 Testing Recommendations and Clinical Relevance as a Predictor of Response to Targeted Therapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 15:171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Hansen TVO, Vikesaa J, Buhl SS, Rossing HH, Timmermans-Wielenga V, Nielsen FC. High-density SNP arrays improve detection of HER2 amplification and polyploidy in breast tumors. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:35. [PMID: 25655188 PMCID: PMC4326399 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpression and gene amplification are currently established by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), respectively. This study investigates whether high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays can provide additional diagnostic power to assess HER2 gene status. METHODS DNA from 65 breast tumor samples previously diagnosed by HER2 IHC and FISH analysis were blinded and examined for HER2 copy number variation employing SNP array analysis. RESULTS SNP array analysis identified 24 (37%) samples with selective amplification or imbalance of the HER2 region in the q-arm of chromosome 17. In contrast, only 15 (23%) tumors were found to have HER2 amplification by IHC and FISH analysis. In total, there was a discrepancy in 19 (29%) samples between SNP array and IHC/FISH analysis. In 12 of these cases, the discrepancy towards FISH could be attributed to concomitant amplification or deletion of the centromeric region, which harbors the FISH reference probe sequence. In 3 tumors, repeated IHC/FISH analysis revealed that the original IHC/FISH analysis had failed to indicate the correct HER2 expression level. Finally, the SNP array analysis revealed that more than two thirds of the samples exhibited polyploidy that was unrecognized by conventional FISH. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data show that determination of HER2 copy number variations by SNP array-based genomic segmentation analysis is an effective supplement to IHC/FISH HER2 analysis that, by providing additional diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, may elect more women for targeted treatment with HER2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Vikesaa
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sine S Buhl
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik H Rossing
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Vera Timmermans-Wielenga
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Sanguedolce F, Bufo P. HER2 assessment by silver in situ hybridization: where are we now? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:385-98. [PMID: 25578771 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.992416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HER2 testing in breast and gastric cancer is critical not only as a prognostic tool but also as a predictive marker for response to the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Currently, HER2 status is assessed on histological and cytological specimens by conventional validated methods such as immunohistochemistry and FISH, while bright-field in situ hybridization techniques, such as silver in situ hybridization and chromogenic in situ hybridization, may offer performance benefits over FISH. The major points are first, technical issues, advantages and disadvantages relevant to each methods, and their clinical implications and second, the well-known genetic heterogeneity of HER2, and the occurrence of polysomy of chromosome 17. This review aims to summarize the growing body of literature on the accuracy of bright-field in situ techniques, notably silver in situ hybridization, in assessing HER2 status, and to discuss the role of such methods in pathology practice.
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14
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Rafiq S, Khan S, Tapper W, Collins A, Upstill-Goddard R, Gerty S, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Couch FJ, Liu J, Nevanlinna H, Eccles D. A genome wide meta-analysis study for identification of common variation associated with breast cancer prognosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101488. [PMID: 25526632 PMCID: PMC4272267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome wide association studies (GWAs) of breast cancer mortality have identified few potential associations. The concordance between these studies is unclear. In this study, we used a meta-analysis of two prognostic GWAs and a replication cohort to identify the strongest associations and to evaluate the loci suggested in previous studies. We attempt to identify those SNPs which could impact overall survival irrespective of the age of onset. METHODS To facilitate the meta-analysis and to refine the association signals, SNPs were imputed using data from the 1000 genomes project. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) in 536 patients from the POSH cohort (Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer) and 805 patients from the HEBCS cohort (Helsinki Breast Cancer Study). These hazard ratios were combined using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects meta-analysis and a p-value threshold of 5×10(-8) was used to determine significance. Replication was performed in 1523 additional patients from the POSH study. RESULTS Although no SNPs achieved genome wide significance, three SNPs have significant association in the replication cohort and combined p-values less than 5.6×10(-6). These SNPs are; rs421379 which is 556 kb upstream of ARRDC3 (HR = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27-1.75, P = 1.1×10(-6)), rs12358475 which is between ECHDC3 and PROSER2 (HR = 0.75, CI = 0.67-0.85, P = 1.8×10(-6)), and rs1728400 which is between LINC00917 and FOXF1. CONCLUSIONS In a genome wide meta-analysis of two independent cohorts from UK and Finland, we identified potential associations at three distinct loci. Phenotypic heterogeneity and relatively small sample sizes may explain the lack of genome wide significant findings. However, the replication at three SNPs in the validation cohort shows promise for future studies in larger cohorts. We did not find strong evidence for concordance between the few associations highlighted by previous GWAs of breast cancer survival and this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rafiq
- Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - William Tapper
- Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Collins
- Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Gerty
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Hants, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diana Eccles
- Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Hants, United Kingdom
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15
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Trichostatin A suppresses EGFR expression through induction of microRNA-7 in an HDAC-independent manner in lapatinib-treated cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:168949. [PMID: 24707474 PMCID: PMC3950925 DOI: 10.1155/2014/168949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lapatinib, a dual EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancers. However, the off-target activity of lapatinib in inducing EGFR expression without tyrosine kinase activity was demonstrated to render HER2-negative breast cancer cells more metastatic, suggesting a limitation to the therapeutic effectiveness of this dual inhibitor in HER2-heterogeneous tumors. Therefore, targeting EGFR expression may be a feasible approach to improve the anticancer efficiency of lapatinib-based therapy. Inhibition of HDAC has been previously reported to epigenetically suppress EGFR protein expression. In this study, however, our data indicated that treatment with HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA), but not suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) or HDAC siRNA, can attenuate both protein and mRNA expressions of EGFR in lapatinib-treated triple-negative breast cancer cells, suggesting that TSA may suppress EGFR expression independently of HDAC inhibition. Nevertheless, TSA reduced EGFR 3′UTR activity and induced the gene expression of microRNA-7, a known EGFR-targeting microRNA. Furthermore, treatment with microRNA-7 inhibitor attenuated TSA-mediated EGFR suppression. These results suggest that TSA induced microRNA-7 expression to downregulate EGFR expression in an HDAC-independent manner.
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16
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HER2 in situ hybridization in breast cancer: clinical implications of polysomy 17 and genetic heterogeneity. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:4-18. [PMID: 23807776 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab-containing therapy is a standard of care for patients with HER2+ breast cancer. HER2 status is routinely assigned using in situ hybridization to assess HER2 gene amplification, but interpretation of in situ hybridization results may be challenging in tumors with chromosome 17 polysomy or intratumoral genetic heterogeneity. Apparent chromosome 17 polysomy, defined by increased chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17) signal number, is a common genetic aberration in breast cancer and represents an alternative mechanism for increasing HER2 copy number. Some studies have linked elevated CEP17 count ('polysomy') with adverse clinicopathologic features and HER2 overexpression, although there are numerous discrepancies in the literature. There is evidence that elevated CEP17 ('polysomy') count might account for trastuzumab response in tumors with normal HER2:CEP17 ratios. Nonetheless, recent studies establish that apparent 'polysomy' (CEP17 increase) is usually related to focal pericentromeric gains rather than true polysomy. Assigning HER2 status may also be complex where multiple cell subclones with distinct HER2 amplification characteristics coexist within the same tumor. Such genetic heterogeneity affects up to 40% of breast cancers when assessed according to a College of American Pathologists guideline, although other definitions have been proposed. Recent data have associated heterogeneity with unfavorable clinicopathologic variables and poor prognosis. Genetically heterogeneous tumors harboring HER2-amplified subclones have the potential to benefit from trastuzumab, but this has yet to be evaluated in clinical studies. In this review, we discuss the implications of apparent polysomy 17 and genetic heterogeneity for assigning HER2 status in clinical practice. Among our recommendations, we support the use of mean HER2 copy number rather than HER2:CEP17 ratio to define HER2 positivity in cases where coamplification of the centromere might mask HER2 amplification. We also highlight a need to harmonize in situ hybridization scoring methodology to support accurate HER2 status determination, particularly where there is evidence of heterogeneity.
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17
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Orsaria M, Khelifa S, Buza N, Kamath A, Hui P. Chromosome 17 polysomy: correlation with histological parameters and HER2NEU gene amplification. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:1070-5. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsHER2NEU gene amplification is present in the majority of invasive breast carcinomas that have HER2 protein overexpression. A subset of breast cancers harbour an increased chromosome 17 (CEP17) copy number (polysomy 17). We investigated the clinicopathologic significance of polysomy 17 in correlation with various histological parameters and HER2NEU gene amplification.MethodsWe collected the surgical specimens of 266 consecutive cases of primary invasive breast carcinomas. HER2NEU gene status and CEP17 copy numbers were assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Chromosome 17 polysomy was determined by the presence of ≥3 average CEP17 signals per nucleus.Results63 tumours (23.7%) harboured polysomy 17. Carcinomas with polysomy 17 were associated with adverse histological indicators including high histological grade, high nuclear grade, poor Nottingham Prognostic Index, advanced local tumour extent and progesterone receptor negativity. Polysomy 17 was common to HER2NEU amplified and unamplified tumours, and more frequently observed in HER2NEU unamplified (71.4%) cases.Conclusions In the absence of the gene amplification, HER2 protein overexpression may be explained by other mechanisms including polysomy 17.
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18
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Valent A, Penault-Llorca F, Cayre A, Kroemer G. Change in HER2 (ERBB2) gene status after taxane-based chemotherapy for breast cancer: polyploidization can lead to diagnostic pitfalls with potential impact for clinical management. Cancer Genet 2013; 206:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gaiser T, Rüschoff J, Moll R. [In situ hybridization in clinical pathology. Significance of polysomy 17 for HER2 determination and genetic tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer]. DER PATHOLOGE 2012; 33 Suppl 2:307-10. [PMID: 23052344 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-012-1663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of total genome sequencing led to the confirmation that tumors show substantial genetic heterogeneity. This phenomenon, which describes the presence of different genetic cell clones within a tumor also complicates the diagnostics of HER2. This article gives a review of new knowledge on polysomy 17 and genetic tumor heterogeneity in connection with HER2 determination of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gaiser
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg.
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20
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Prognostic value of TOP2A gene amplification and chromosome 17 polysomy in early breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:885-94. [PMID: 22426810 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of TOP2A gene amplification and chromosome 17 polysomy in patients with early breast cancer and to correlate the status of these alterations with the prognostic significance expressed as patients' clinical features and survival. Such concurrent analyses of TOP2A gene status and chromosome 17 polysomy have not been performed before. Study group included 149 consecutive stage I-III patients administered standard multimodality treatment. TOP2A abnormalities were examined by standard fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and developed by our group quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). TOP2A amplification and deletion assessed by FISH were found in 23% and 7% of the tumours, respectively, and by qPCR in 31% and 11% of the tumours, respectively. Chromosome 17 polysomy was detected in 40% of the cases. TOP2A amplification (by qPCR) correlated with shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.03) and overall survival (p = 0.047), and the prognostic value of TOP2A was confirmed in the multivariate analysis (HR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.09-9.56, p = 0.03). TOP2A gene amplification, but not chromosome 17 polysomy, carries negative prognostic information in early breast cancer. Given the aforementioned results, qPCR might serve as a prognostic tool in determining the patient's prognosis.
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Nielsen KV, Ejlertsen B, Møller S, Jensen MB, Balslev E, Müller S, Knoop A, Mouridsen HT. Lack of independent prognostic and predictive value of centromere 17 copy number changes in breast cancer patients with known HER2 and TOP2A status. Mol Oncol 2011; 6:88-97. [PMID: 22153616 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefit of anthracyclines has been connected to HER2 status, TOP2A status and centromere 17 copy numbers (CEN-17). Data from a clinical trial randomizing patients to anthracyclines was used to assess whether the number of CEN-17 in breast cancers may predict incremental responsiveness to anthracyclines besides what is obtained when used relatively to TOP2A and HER2. As cut sections of paraffin-embedded tissue are prone to truncation of nuclei, strict definition of ploidy levels is lacking. We therefore used normal breast tissue to assist define ploidy levels in cut sections. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere 17 (CEN-17) and TOP2A was performed on 120 normal breast specimens. The diploid CEN-17 copy number was reduced from the expected two signals in whole nuclei to an average of 1.68 signals per nucleus in cut sections of normal breast. Ploidy levels determined in normal breast were applied to data on 767 patients with known HER2 and TOP2A status randomized to anthracyclines in the DBCG 89D trial. CEN-17 ploidy levels were in cut sections from the 767 breast cancer patients established as: Haploid: ≤1.25 (10%), diploid: 1.26-2.09 (60%), triploid: 2.10-2.93 (21%), tetraploid: 2.94-3.77 (5%) or higher ploidy: ≥3.78 (4%). Amplification of HER2 and deletion of TOP2A were frequently observed in tumors with a high ploidy level. In univariate analyses increasing ploidy was associated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.0001) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.0001). However, in multivariate analysis CEN-17 was not established as an independent prognostic factor and was neither a statistically significant predictor of benefit from CEF (Cyclophosphamide/Epirubicin/5-Fluorouracil) compared to CMF (Cyclophosphamide/Methotrexate/5-Fluorouracil) (P(Interaction) 0.39 for DFS and 0.67 for OS). In conclusion, CEN-17 levels do not independently from TOP2A/CEN-17 ratio identify breast cancer patients who achieve an incremental benefit from adjuvant anthracyclines.
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22
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Zhang W, Yu Y. The important molecular markers on chromosome 17 and their clinical impact in breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5672-83. [PMID: 22016618 PMCID: PMC3189742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12095672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of chromosome 17 are important molecular genetic events in human breast cancers. Several famous oncogenes (HER2, TOP2A and TAU), tumor suppressor genes (p53, BRCA1 and HIC-1) or DNA double-strand break repair gene (RDM1) are located on chromosome 17. We searched the literature on HER2, TOP2A, TAU, RDM1, p53, BRCA1 and HIC-1 on the Pubmed database. The association of genes with chromosome 17, biological functions and potential significance are reviewed. In breast cancer, the polysomy 17 (three or more) is the predominant numerical aberration. HER2 amplification is widely utilized as molecular markers for trastuzumab target treatment. Amplified TOP2A, TAU and RDM1 genes are related to a significant response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy, taxane or cisplatin, respectively. In contrast, p53, BRCA1 and HIC-1 are important tumor suppressor genes related to breast carcinogenesis. This review focused on several crucial molecular markers residing on chromosome 17. The authors consider the somatic aberrations of chromosome 17 and associated genes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-21-63138341; Fax: +86-21-63136856
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; E-Mail:
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Moelans CB, de Weger RA, van Diest PJ. Chromosome 17 polysomy without HER2 amplification does not predict response to lapatinib in metastatic breast cancer--letter. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 16:6177; author reply 6178. [PMID: 21169261 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chromosome 17 polysomy in circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a case series. Int J Clin Oncol 2011; 16:596-600. [PMID: 21210173 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-010-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 17 (Chr-17). While primary tumors with Chr-17 polysomy (polysomy 17) are histopathologically similar to HER2-negative tumors, the role of polysomy 17 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is still unknown. We report the detection rate of polysomy 17 in CTCs in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We determined the CTC count per 7.5 ml blood and polysomy 17 in CTCs at 3- to 4-week intervals up to 12 weeks in 52 patients. Polysomy was defined as Chr-17 ≥2.2. CTCs were detected in 40 of 52 patients (76.9%) during the study period, in 32 of the 52 patients (61.5%) at baseline, and in 21 of 49 patients (42.9%) at 3-4 weeks. Polysomy 17 in CTCs was present in 10 of 52 patients (19.2%) during the study period, in 5 of 52 patients (9.6%) at baseline, and in 7 of 49 patients (14.3%) at 3-4 weeks. The individual patient counts of polysomy 17 in CTCs/total count of CTCs examined for polysomy 17 at 3-4 weeks were 1/1, 1/7, 1/7, 2/27, 2/30, 2/50, and 3/50. Six of the 7 patients with polysomy 17 in CTCs had HER2-negative primary tumors. None of the CTCs displaying polysomy 17 themselves had HER2 amplification by FISH. In summary, polysomy 17 in CTCs was observed in only a small population of patients with MBC. We should prospectively evaluate its prognostic value in both HER2-positive and -negative metastatic breast cancer.
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Shah S, Chen B. Testing for HER2 in Breast Cancer: A Continuing Evolution. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2010; 2011:903202. [PMID: 21188214 PMCID: PMC3005907 DOI: 10.4061/2011/903202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. HER2 is overexpressed in approximately 15%–20% of invasive breast carcinomas and is associated with earlier recurrence, shortened disease free survival, and poor prognosis. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) a “humanized” monoclonal antibody targets the extracellular domain of HER2 and is widely used in the management of HER2 positive breast cancers. Accurate assessment of HER2 is thus critical in the management of breast cancer. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of HER2 with reference to its discovery and biology, clinical significance, prognostic value, targeted therapy, current and new testing modalities, and the interpretation guidelines and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Shah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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De P, Smith BR, Leyland-Jones B. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing: where are we? J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4289-92. [PMID: 20697080 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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