1
|
Conner BT, Thompson K, Prince MA, Bolts OL, Contreras A, Riggs NR, Leadbeater BJ. Results of a randomized controlled trial of the cannabis eCHECKUP TO GO personalized normative feedback intervention on reducing cannabis use, cannabis consequences, and descriptive norms. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 159:209267. [PMID: 38103837 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cannabis use disorder and its negative consequences among young adults has highlighted the need for prevention and early intervention programs. However, low treatment prevalence persists due to factors such as lack of perceived need, concerns about stigma, and limited access to treatment. To address these barriers, web-based cannabis interventions have been developed, but their efficacy remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the cross-site efficacy of the Cannabis eCHECKUP TO GO program, a web-based Personalized Normative Feedback and Protective Behavioral Strategies intervention for reducing cannabis use frequency and consequences in college students with willingness to change. METHODS Participants were 781 students from three universities (two in Canada, one in the US) who reported using cannabis in the past month and expressed interest in reducing or engaging in safer cannabis use. The study randomly assigned them to either an experimental group that received personalized normative feedback or a control group that received information on healthy stress management. The study collected follow-up data 4 weeks after the initial intervention and measured participants' frequency of cannabis use, number of cannabis consequences, descriptive and injunctive norms at both time points. RESULTS The results showed no significant reductions in cannabis use or negative consequences of use. However, students who received personalized normative feedback experienced a significant reduction in descriptive norms related to cannabis use, to be more in line with actual use. CONCLUSION This study suggests that more targeted interventions may be necessary for university students who are already using and seeking help to reduce their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Conner
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, United States of America.
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Francis Xavier University, Antogonish, NS, Canada
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, United States of America
| | - Olivia L Bolts
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, United States of America
| | | | - Nathaniel R Riggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, CSU Prevention Research, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali A, Jewani P, Bourdillon M, Koutroumpakis E, Khalaf S, Charitakis K, Thompson K, Marmagkiolis K, Deswal A, Iliescu C. Navigating P2Y12 inhibition in the labyrinth of cardio-oncology care: cangrelor bridging in patients with cancer. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1337957. [PMID: 38486704 PMCID: PMC10937743 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1337957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cangrelor, a potent intravenous P2Y12 platelet inhibitor, has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing ischemic events without a corresponding increase in severe bleeding during percutaneous coronary intervention, as evidenced by the CHAMPION-PHOENIX trial. Its off-label role as a bridging antiplatelet agent for patients facing high thrombotic risks who must temporarily stop oral P2Y12 inhibitor therapy further underscores its clinical utility. This is the first case series to shed light on the application of cangrelor in cancer patients needing to pause dual antiplatelet therapy for a range of medical interventions, marking it as a pioneering effort in this domain. The inclusion of patients with a variety of cancer types and cardiovascular conditions in this series underlines the adaptability and critical role of cangrelor in managing the dual challenges of bleeding risk and the need for uninterrupted antiplatelet protection. By offering a bridge for high-risk cancer patients who have recently undergone percutaneous coronary intervention and need to halt oral P2Y12 inhibitors temporarily, cangrelor presents a practical solution. Early findings indicate it can be discontinued safely 2-4 h before medical procedures, allowing for the effective reintroduction of oral P2Y12 inhibitors without adverse effects. This evidence calls for expanded research to validate and extend these preliminary observations, emphasizing the importance of further investigation into cangrelor's applications in complex patient care scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Ali
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Poonam Jewani
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Max Bourdillon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Shaden Khalaf
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Konstantinos Charitakis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cezar Iliescu
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yunus FM, Standage C, Walsh C, Lockhart P, Thompson K, Keough M, Krank M, Hadwin A, Conrod PJ, Stewart SH. High peak drinking levels mediate the relation between impulsive personality and injury risk in emerging adults. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:5. [PMID: 38350989 PMCID: PMC10863178 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-induced injury is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. We investigated the relationship between impulsive personality and physical injury (e.g. falls, sports), and whether peak drinking quantity specifically, and/or risky behaviour more generally, mediates the relationship between impulsivity and injury in undergraduates. METHOD We used data from the winter 2021 UniVenture survey with 1316 first- and second-year undergraduate students aged 18-25 years (79.5% female) from five Canadian Universities. Students completed an online survey regarding their demographics, personality, alcohol use, risky behaviours, and injury experiences. Impulsivity was measured with the substance use risk profile scale, past 30-day peak alcohol use with the quantity-frequency-peak Alcohol Use Index, general risky behaviour with the risky behaviour questionnaire, and past 6-month injury experience with the World Health Organization's (2017) injury measurement questionnaire. RESULTS Of 1316 total participants, 12.9% (n = 170) reported having sustained a physical injury in the past 6 months. Mean impulsivity, peak drinking quantity, and risky behaviour scores were significantly higher among those who reported vs. did not report injury. Impulsivity and peak drinking quantity, but not general risky behaviour, predicted injury in a multi-level generalized mixed model. Mediation analyses supported impulsivity as both a direct predictor of physical injury and an indirect predictor through increased peak drinking (both p < .05), but not through general risky behaviour. CONCLUSION Results imply emerging adults with impulsive tendencies should be identified for selective injury prevention programs and suggest targeting their heavy drinking to decrease their risk for physical injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Catherine Standage
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Chantal Walsh
- Injury Free Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, B3K 0E4, Canada
| | - Peri Lockhart
- Injury Free Nova Scotia, Halifax, NS, B3K 0E4, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Matthew Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Marvin Krank
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Allyson Hadwin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 2E2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shield K, Paradis C, Butt P, Naimi T, Sherk A, Asbridge M, Myran D, Stockwell T, Wells S, Poole N, Heatley J, Hobin E, Thompson K, Young M. New perspectives on how to formulate alcohol drinking guidelines. Addiction 2024; 119:9-19. [PMID: 37680111 DOI: 10.1111/add.16316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines (LRDGs) aim to reduce the harms caused by alcohol. However, considerable discrepancies exist in the 'low-risk' thresholds employed by different countries. ARGUMENT/ANALYSIS Drawing upon Canada's LRDGs update process, the current paper offers the following propositions for debate regarding the establishment of 'low-risk' thresholds in national guidelines: (1) as an indicator of health loss, years of life lost (YLL) has several advantages that could make it more suitable for setting guidelines than deaths, premature deaths or disability adjusted years of life (DALYs) lost. (2) Presenting age-specific guidelines may not be the most appropriate way of providing LRDGs. (3) Given past overemphasis on the so-called protective effects of alcohol on health, presenting cause-specific guidelines may not be appropriate compared with a 'whole health' effect derived from a weighted composite risk function comprising conditions that are causally related to alcohol consumption. (4) To help people reduce their alcohol use, presenting different risk zones associated with alcohol consumption instead of a single low risk threshold may be advantageous. CONCLUSIONS National LRDGs should be based on years of life lost and should be neither age-specific nor cause-specific. We recommend using risk zones rather than a single drinking threshold to help people assess their own risk and encourage the adoption of behaviours with positive health impacts across the alcohol use spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Paradis
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Butt
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tim Naimi
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Sherk
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel Myran
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Poole
- Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Heatley
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erin Hobin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew Young
- Gambling Research Exchange Ontario, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shield KD, Paradis C, Butt PR, Naimi T, Sherk A, Asbridge M, Myran DT, Stockwell T, Wells S, Poole N, Heatley J, Hobin E, Thompson K, Young MM. New perspectives on how to formulate alcohol drinking guidelines: Response to commentaries. Addiction 2024; 119:26-27. [PMID: 38108200 DOI: 10.1111/add.16402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Paradis
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter R Butt
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Timothy Naimi
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Sherk
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel T Myran
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha Wells
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Poole
- Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Heatley
- Department of Health and Wellness, Government of Nova Scotia, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Erin Hobin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew M Young
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Greo Evidence Insights, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thompson K, Svendsen S. Analysis of Cases Presenting With Concern of Child Abuse or Neglect to a Child Protection Team. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023:99228231219119. [PMID: 38153048 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231219119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Limited data are available on cases presenting for triage by child abuse specialists, particularly data combining patient demographics with presenting concerns and outcomes. This study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of cases presenting to one child abuse medical subspecialty team. Data were collected for all referrals triaged by the Child Protection Program, a child abuse team located within an academic children's medical center. The program triaged a total of 928 cases and completed 345 in-person visits with a medical provider. Nearly, half of all provider visits were for evaluation of children aged 3 years and younger (51%) and for a concern of physical abuse (49%). Of these visits, 26% were determined to be consistent with an accident or medical condition. This descriptive analysis highlights the burden of child abuse cases presenting to one small hospital-based child abuse program, as well as the structural and financial challenges faced by these programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Thompson
- Child Protection Program, Department of Pediatrics, UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sasha Svendsen
- UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thompson K, Svendsen S. A descriptive analysis of children seeking medical attention for problematic sexualized behavior. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1272789. [PMID: 38025450 PMCID: PMC10676206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Problematic Sexualized Behavior (PSB) in children is an increasingly prevalent and often misunderstood issue that impacts the well-being of children. Quantifying the numbers of affected children is challenging due to inconsistencies in how these children are identified, as well as misperceptions surrounding the issue and lack of a coordinated community response. Methods In this single-center retrospective case review, we attempt to report data on child demographics and case characteristics for children presenting to one Child Protection Program (CPP) medical specialty team for concern of PSB. Results A total of 224 children were identified as having engaged in PSB during the study period. 110 (49%) of these children were referred to the CPP for medical evaluation and medically triaged by the team. The remaining 114 children (51%) were identified through the medical triage of the presenting cases as having engaged in PSB with the index children, but were not referred to CPP for medical care themselves. The majority of children who were referred (69%) were the recipient of the PSB, compared to being the displayer of the behavior (20%). Of the recipient cases, the child displaying PSB was also referred to the CPP only 14.5% of the time. Discussion These results highlight that the number of children presenting for medical evaluation with concern of PSB is a significant underestimation of the prevalence of PSB in the community. This notable gap in identification of children engaging in PSB prevents service delivery for these children, including medical evaluation. The results also demonstrate that children displaying PSB were disproportionately missing from care and represent a specific area of missed opportunity for intervention and support by medical professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Thompson
- UMass Memorial Children’s Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sasha Svendsen
- UMass Memorial Children’s Medical Center, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Isaacs JY, Thompson K, Yakovenko PhD I, Dobson K, Chen SP, Hudson A, Mahu IT, Stewart SH. Social norms of college students engaging in non-medical prescription drug use to get high: What's sex got to do with it? J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:2587-2594. [PMID: 34555299 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1979007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Relationships exist between perceived peer and own use of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco, particularly when peers and participants are sex-matched. We investigated sex influences on social norms effects for college students' non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU). Methods: N = 1986 college students reported on their perceptions of male and female peers' NMPDU frequency and their own past-month NMPDU. Results: Approximately 3% of students self-reported past month NMPDU, with no sex differences. In a linear mixed model, participants who engaged in NMPDU perceived significantly more frequent peer use. Female participants perceived more frequent peer NMPDU than did male participants, particularly when perceiving male peers' NMPDU. Significant positive correlations were found between perceived peer NMPDU frequency and participants' own NMPDU for all peer-participant sex combinations, with no evidence for stronger correlations with sex-matched pairs. Conclusions: While social norm interventions may be effective for college student NMPDU, sex-matching of these interventions is likely unnecessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Isaacs
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Igor Yakovenko PhD
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Keith Dobson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Mental Health and Addictions, Health PEI, Summerside, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Ioan Tiberiu Mahu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morris V, Baptist-Mohseni N, Kronstein NB, Murphy CB, Yunus F, Thibault T, Livet A, Mahmoud A, Pétrin-Pomerleau P, Krank M, Thompson K, Conrod P, Stewart SH, Keough MT. Hazardous Drinking Mediates the Relation Between Externalizing Personality and Reduced Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Guidelines in University Students. Emerg Adulthood 2023; 11:797-803. [PMID: 38603422 PMCID: PMC9676110 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221140449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Using a multigroup path analysis, we examined if hazardous alcohol use mediated the relations between elevated externalizing personality traits (i.e., impulsivity or sensation seeking) and reduced adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines. We hypothesized that those high in externalizing personality traits would demonstrate less adherence to public health guidelines and that hazardous alcohol use would mediate this relationship. First- and second-year undergraduates (N = 1232; ages 18-25) from five Canadian universities participated in a cross-sectional survey between January to April 2021. Individuals with higher levels of impulsive or sensation seeking personality traits demonstrated poorer adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines and these relations were mediated by hazardous alcohol use. Results suggest that hazardous drinking is an important target for students high in impulsivity and sensation seeking to increase their adherence to public health guidelines and thereby help control viral spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | | | | | - Clayton B. Murphy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Fakir Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tabatha Thibault
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Audrey Livet
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aram Mahmoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marvin Krank
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan
Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
O'Sullivan O, Barker-Davies RM, Thompson K, Bahadur S, Gough M, Lewis S, Martin M, Segalini A, Wallace G, Phillip R, Cranley M. Rehabilitation post-COVID-19: cross-sectional observations using the Stanford Hall remote assessment tool. BMJ Mil Health 2023; 169:243-248. [PMID: 34039689 PMCID: PMC8159670 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multisystem COVID-19 can cause prolonged symptoms requiring rehabilitation. This study describes the creation of a remote COVID-19 rehabilitation assessment tool to allow timely triage, assessment and management. It hypotheses those with post-COVID-19 syndrome, potentially without laboratory confirmation and irrespective of initial disease severity, will have significant rehabilitation needs. METHODS Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients referred by general practitioners (April-November 2020). Primary outcomes were presence/absence of anticipated sequelae. Binary logistic regression was used to test association between acute presentation and post-COVID-19 symptomatology. RESULTS 155 patients (n=127 men, n=28 women, median age 39 years, median 13 weeks post-illness) were assessed using the tool. Acute symptoms were most commonly shortness of breath (SOB) (74.2%), fever (73.5%), fatigue (70.3%) and cough (64.5%); and post-acutely, SOB (76.7%), fatigue (70.3%), cough (57.4%) and anxiety/mood disturbance (39.4%). Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were 69% and 63% less likely to have anxiety/mood disturbance and pain, respectively, at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Rehabilitation assessment should be offered to all patients suffering post-COVID-19 symptoms, not only those with laboratory confirmation and considered independently from acute illness severity. This tool offers a structure for a remote assessment. Post-COVID-19 programmes should include SOB, fatigue and mood disturbance management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver O'Sullivan
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, LE12 5BL, UK
- Headquarters Army Medical Services (HQ AMS), Camberley, UK
| | - R M Barker-Davies
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, LE12 5BL, UK
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - K Thompson
- Headquarters Army Medical Services (HQ AMS), Camberley, UK
| | - S Bahadur
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Gough
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Lewis
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Martin
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Segalini
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - G Wallace
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - R Phillip
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Cranley
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thompson K, Thibault T, Peters AL. A better high? Understanding mode preferences among young adult cannabis users. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 2023. [DOI: 10.1037/cbs0000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
12
|
Thibault T, Thompson K, Keough M, Krank M, Conrod P, Moore M, Stewart SH. Psychometric properties of a brief version of the COVID‐19 Stress Scales (CSS‐B) in young adult undergraduates. Stress Health 2023; 39:154-161. [PMID: 35689645 PMCID: PMC9350156 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We extracted items to create a brief version of the COVID-19 Stress Scale (i.e., CSS-B) and examined its psychometric properties in young adults. A sample of 1318 first- and second-year undergraduates from five Canadian universities (mean [SD] age = 19.27 [1.35] years; 77.6% women) completed an online cross-sectional survey that included the CSS-B as well as validated measures of anxiety and depression. The 18-item CSS-B fit well on both a 5-factor and a hierarchical model indicating that the five CSS-B dimensions may be factors of the same over-arching construct. The CSS-B factor structure displayed lower-order and higher-order configural and metric invariance across sites but not scalar invariance indicating that the intercepts/means were not consistent across sites. The CSS dimensions were positively related to measures of general anxiety and depression but not so strongly as to indicate that they are measuring the same construct. The CSS-B scale is a valid measure of COVID-19 stress among young adults. It is recommended that this shorter version of the scale be considered for use in longer surveys to avoid participant fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabatha Thibault
- Department of PsychologySt. Francis Xavier UniversityAntiigonishNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of PsychologySt. Francis Xavier UniversityAntiigonishNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Matthew Keough
- Department of PsychologyYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Marvin Krank
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologieUniversité de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Department of Psychology and NeurosciencesDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and NeurosciencesDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada,Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Houston A, Tovey C, Rogers-Smith K, Thompson K, Ladlow P, Barker-Davies R, Bahadur S, Goodall D, Gough M, Norman J, Phillip R, Turner P, Cranley M, O'Sullivan O. Changing characteristics of post-COVID-19 syndrome: Cross-sectional findings from 458 consultations using the Stanford Hall remote rehabilitation assessment tool. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002248. [PMID: 36702521 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK, there have been multiple waves of COVID-19, with a five-tier alert system created to describe the transmission rate and appropriate restrictions. While acute mortality decreased, there continued to be a significant morbidity, with individuals suffering from persistent, life-restricting symptoms for months to years afterwards. A remote rehabilitation tool was created at the Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall to assess post-COVID-19 symptoms and their impact on the UK military.This study aims to understand changes in post-COVID-19 syndrome between wave 1 and wave 2, identify interactions between alert level and symptoms and investigate any predictive nature of acute symptoms for postacute symptomology in a young, physically active population. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 458 consecutive remote rehabilitation assessments performed at DMRC Stanford Hall between 2 April 2020 and 29 July 2021. Consultations were coded, anonymised, and statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between acute and postacute symptoms, and between symptoms, alert levels and waves. RESULTS 435 assessments were eligible; 174 in wave 1 and 261 in wave 2. Post-COVID-19 syndrome prevalence reduced from 43% to 2% between the waves. Acutely, widespread pain was more prevalent in wave 2 (p<0.001). Postacutely, there was increased anxiety (p=0.10) in wave 1 and increased sleep disturbance (p<0.001), memory/concentration issues (p<0.001) and shortness of breath/cough (p=0.017) in wave 2. Increasing alert level was associated with increased postacute symptom prevalence (p=0.046), with sleep disturbance increasing at higher alert level (p=0.016). Acute symptoms, including fatigue, sleep disturbance and myalgia, were associated with multiple postacute symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the overall prevalence and symptom burden in the UK military in the first two waves of COVID-19. By reporting differences in COVID-19 in different waves and alert level, this study highlights the importance of careful assessment and contextual understanding of acute and postacute illnesses for individual management plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Houston
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - C Tovey
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - K Rogers-Smith
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - K Thompson
- Headquarters Army Medical Services (HQ AMS), Camberley, UK
| | - P Ladlow
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - R Barker-Davies
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Bahadur
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - D Goodall
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Gough
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - J Norman
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - R Phillip
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - P Turner
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Cranley
- Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
| | - O O'Sullivan
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Stanford Hall, Loughborough, UK
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thompson K, DeWolf D, MacDonald-Spracklin R, Frank D, Cooper S. #Cheers: An Examination of User-Generated Alcohol Advertising on Instagram. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:204-210. [PMID: 36629435 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2151826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol marketing is a known risk factor for youth drinking. The growth in digital marketing has generated a new form of alcohol advertisement in which brands solicit and/or share consumer-generated or user-generated content. Objectives: The current study investigates the prevalence of UGC alcohol advertising on social media and examines the content of UGC advertising to determine potential violations of current regulatory guidelines. Results: The Instagram accounts of 20 Nova Scotia breweries were monitored for the month of July 2021. User-generated content made up a substantial portion (41%) of all Instagram stories (n = 1531), and there were 321 violations of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission code for broadcast advertising of alcoholic beverage. Ten percent of violations encouraged consumption, 59% depicted irresponsible use, 14% appealed to youth, 14% associated alcohol with activities requiring a degree of skill or care, 2.5% associated alcohol with social or personal success. Conclusions/Importance: These findings indicate that UGC is a commonly used marketing strategy among alcohol producers and the current self-regulatory system is insufficient in preventing advertising that appeals to youth and exacerbates a culture of immoderate consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Thompson
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Darien DeWolf
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Delaney Frank
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lambe LJ, Yunus FM, Moore M, Keough MT, Thompson K, Krank M, Conrod P, Stewart SH. Inhibited personality traits, internalizing symptoms, and drinking to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic among emerging adults. Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 52:198-212. [PMID: 36519887 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adults with high levels of inhibited personality traits may be at-risk for drinking to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current research explored mediational pathways between two inhibited personality traits (anxiety sensitivity (AS) and hopelessness (HOP)), internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression, and COVID-19 distress), and coping drinking motives (drinking to cope with anxiety and drinking to cope with depression) during the pandemic. Cross-sectional data were collected from 879 undergraduate drinkers (79% female, 83% White, 18-25 years old) at five Canadian universities from January-April 2021. Participants self-reported on their personality, anxiety (GAD-7), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), COVID-19 distress, and coping drinking motives. Mediational path analyses provided evidence of both specific and non-specific pathways between personality and coping motives via internalizing symptoms. Depressive symptoms partially mediated the link between HOP and drinking to cope with depression motives. While anxiety symptoms did not significantly mediate links between AS and coping with anxiety motives in the full model, evidence of mediation was found in a post-hoc sensitivity analysis. COVID-19 distress served as a non-specific mediator. AS and HOP are critical transdiagnostic risk factors that increase vulnerability for internalizing psychopathology and, in turn, risky drinking motives, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Lambe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Fakir Md Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marvin Krank
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia- Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thompson K, Cappuccia B, Ohman-Strickland P, Bucher J. 214 Characteristics of OHCA Survival and EMS Interaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Emerg Med 2022. [PMCID: PMC9519196 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.08.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Wei Y, Kutcher S, Austen E, Comfort A, Gilham C, MacDougall C, McKenna G, McKinnon M, Thompson K, Yeo E, Zhang M, Baxter A, Matheson K. The Impact of Transitions, a Mental Health Literacy Intervention With Embedded Life Skills for Postsecondary Students: Preliminary Findings From a Naturalistic Cohort Study. Can J Psychiatry 2022; 67:452-461. [PMID: 34379024 PMCID: PMC9152239 DOI: 10.1177/07067437211037131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental illness is a common medical condition to onset during adolescence. Young people who leave for postsecondary life are at an especially challenging period of lifetime when many will leave home and familiar environments for prolonged periods of time. These new circumstances may put young people at risk of developing mental health problems or disorders or exacerbate existing mental disorders. Alternatively, some young people may misinterpret the normal negative emotional states occurring as a result of these new challenges as a mental disorder requiring professional intervention. We conducted a quasiexperimental cohort study to investigate the effectiveness of a mental health literacy intervention Transitions with blended life skills to address these challenges for first-year postsecondary students. METHODS Students (n = 2,397) from five Canadian postsecondary institutions were assigned to the intervention or the control group and were administered a survey at baseline, postintervention, and at 2-month follow-up (September 2017 to February 2018). We applied generalized linear mixed effects (PROC Mixed procedure) to test the between-group difference in the post-pre/follow-up-pre and to determine the predicted least-square mean values. RESULTS The findings showed that students who were exposed to the Transitions intervention significantly improved their mental health knowledge, decreased stigma against mental illness, improved help-seeking attitudes and behaviours, and decreased perceived stress when compared to students who had not been exposed to the intervention. However, we did not identify significant changes in general health. This may be due to the relatively short follow-up time (2 months) to determine participants' general health status. CONCLUSIONS Transitions delivered to first-year postsecondary students may be a beneficial intervention to help young people adjust to their new postsecondary life and improve their mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wei
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | | | - Erin Austen
- Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia
| | - Anne Comfort
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick
| | - Chris Gilham
- Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia
| | | | - Greg McKenna
- Holland College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
| | | | - Kara Thompson
- Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia
| | - Elizabeth Yeo
- Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hildebrand M, Herrmann M, Gieling F, Gehweiler D, Mischler D, Verrier S, Alini M, Zeiter S, Thompson K. Development and characterization of a predictive microCT-based non-union model in Fischer F344 rats. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:579-590. [PMID: 33174612 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-unions remain a clinical problem and are characterised by the failure to heal after a defined period of time. Current preclinical non-union models apply a wide variety of techniques to diminish intrinsic healing potential deviating from the clinical situation. The aim of this study was to develop and characterise a non-union model in rats using internal plate fixation without the need for additional healing insults, whereby bone healing can be longitudinally assessed using microCT. It was hypothesized that healing/non-unions can be accurately predicted at early time points by microCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female, skeletally mature Fischer F344 rats received a 2 mm or 1 mm femoral osteotomy, stabilized with either a 2 mm thick plate or a 1.25 mm thick plate. Healing was monitored by microCT over 14 weeks and histological analysis at euthanasia. The mechanical environment was characterised using finite element (FE) modelling and biomechanical testing. RESULTS The majority of animals receiving the 2 mm thick plate displayed poor healing responses in both the 2 mm and 1 mm defect size groups. Bone and cartilage formation were markedly improved using the 1.25 mm thick plate. MicroCT could accurately predict bone forming capacity at early time points (3-4 weeks). CONCLUSIONS The 2 mm thick plating system confers poor healing responses in female Fischer F344 rats, comparable to atrophic non-unions. By reducing plate thickness to increase interfragmentary strain within the defect site healing is improved, leading to borderline healing situations or increased abundance of cartilage tissue present in the defect site with ultimate failure to bridge the defect (hypertrophic non-union). Furthermore, microCT can reliably identify delayed/non-healing animals within 4 weeks, thereby allowing their selective targeting for the testing of novel, clinically relevant treatment strategies in different clinical situations aimed at restoring impaired bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hildebrand
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland
| | - M Herrmann
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland.,IZKF Research Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Würzburg and Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Gieling
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland
| | - D Gehweiler
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland
| | - D Mischler
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland
| | - S Verrier
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland
| | - M Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland
| | - S Zeiter
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland
| | - K Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos-Platz, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Broadhurst C, Thompson K, Tan W. 747 THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HYPERKALAEMIA IN MEDICAL AND ELDERLY CARE INPATIENTS AT A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac034.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Severe hyperkalaemia is a dangerous and potentially life-threatening condition. Despite this knowledge, the incidence of hyperkalaemia in hospital inpatients remains high. On review of the acute management of hyperkalaemia at Croydon University Hospital, only 50% of medical and elderly care inpatients were managed correctly in line with hospital guidelines, and 50% of surveyed doctors did not feel confident managing acute hyperkalaemia—highlighting an urgent requirement for improvement. The project objectives were to improve management in line with hospital guidelines, overall prescription accuracy and the confidence of junior doctors in managing acute hyperkalaemia.
Methods
Two PDSA cycles; cycle one involved teaching sessions to doctors and the creation and circulation of information posters. Cycle two involved the development and implementation of a new electronic order prescription set for the management of acute hyperkalaemia.
Results
Post-intervention results showed an improvement in the correct management of hyperkalaemia from 50% to 80%. Prescription accuracy improved from 90% to 100%. Doctors reported an improvement in their overall confidence from 50% to 64%. Sub-group analysis identified no post-intervention improvement in the correct management of hyperkalaemia in care of the elderly (COTE, >80 years) patients. COTE patients were also less likely to be managed correctly (45% vs 57%) and to have accurate prescriptions (71% vs 100%). However, prescription accuracy did improve in the COTE group (50% to 100%).
Conclusion
This project achieved its initial objectives. However, COTE patients were less likely to be managed correctly. This may be secondary to being more complex patients, having multiple co-morbidities or significant polypharmacy, which may further contribute to hyperkalaemia. Doctors may feel less confident suspending or modifying medications in these cases and seek input from specialist teams prior to doing so. Future interventions will focus on delivering teaching sessions on hyperkalaemia in complex cases to improve confidence and understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Tan
- Croydon University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update a rapid review published in 2017, which evaluated the NHS Health Check programme. METHODS An enlarged body of evidence was used to readdress six research objectives from a rapid review published in 2017, relating to the uptake, patient experiences and effectiveness of the NHS Health Check programme. Data sources included MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Global Health, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, NHS Evidence, Google Scholar, Google, ClinicalTrials.gov and the ISRCTN registry, Web of Science, Science Citation Index, The Cochrane Library, NHS Evidence, OpenGrey and hand searching article reference lists. These searches identified records from between January 1996 and December 2019. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal using the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklists were performed in duplicate. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations was implemented. Data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS 697 studies were identified, and 29 new studies included in the review update. The number of published studies on the uptake, patient experiences and effectiveness of the NHS Health Check programme has increased by 43% since the rapid review published in 2017. However, findings from the original review remain largely unchanged. NHS Health Checks led to an overall increase in the detection of raised risk factors and morbidities including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, raised blood pressure, cholesterol and chronic kidney disease. Individuals most likely to attend the NHS Health Check programme included women, persons aged ≥60 years and those from more socioeconomically advantaged backgrounds. Opportunistic invitations increased uptake among men, younger persons and those with a higher deprivation level. CONCLUSIONS Although results are inconsistent between studies, the NHS Health Check programme is associated with increased detection of heightened cardiovascular disease risk factors and diagnoses. Uptake varied between population subgroups. Opportunistic invitations may increase uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tanner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rpw Kenny
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Still
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Ling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - F Pearson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - R Bhardwaj-Gosling
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hoer J, Thompson K. An exploration into patients’ views and beliefs about Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain (CMP). Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Hawks L, Lopoo E, Puglisi L, Cellini J, Thompson K, Halberstam AA, Tolliver D, Martinez-Hamilton S, Wang EA. Community investment interventions as a means for decarceration: A scoping review. Lancet Reg Health Am 2021; 8:100150. [PMID: 36778729 PMCID: PMC9903691 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is growing support to reverse mass incarceration in the United States, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about what types and scale of community investments are most effective to support mass decarceration. Using a public health prevention framework, we conducted a scoping review to examine community-based programs that reduced criminal legal involvement. We searched PubMed, Embase and three EBSCO databases from 1990 through September 2019 for all experimental or quasi-experimental studies testing interventions pertaining to education, housing, healthcare, employment, or social support services and how they affected an individual's criminal legal outcomes. Our review identified 53 studies that demonstrated the efficacy of early childhood educational interventions and nurse-family partnership programs, post-secondary education for incarcerated students, navigation programs linking incarcerated people to community resources, and peer support upon release to reduce criminal legal system exposure. In concert with legislative action to end mass incarceration, additional research is needed to test interventions designed to achieve mass decarceration which cross multiple domains, interrogate community-level impacts and ascertain long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hawks
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI,Corresponding Author: Laura Hawks, MD, MPH, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of General Internal Medicine, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226-3596. Tel: 414-955-7566; Fax: 414-805-0855.
| | - E Lopoo
- Square One Project, Columbia University Justice Lab, New York, NY
| | - L Puglisi
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - J Cellini
- Countway Library, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - K Thompson
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,National Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - D Tolliver
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,National Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - EA Wang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
MacNabb K, Blades S, Thompson K, Dutton DJ, Liu T, Asbridge M. Alcohol access and purchasing behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions: An exploration of sociodemographic, health and psychosocial correlates in two Canadian provinces. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:902-911. [PMID: 34923690 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol access has changed in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study compares the use of two novel purchasing modes (via delivery and in excess/stockpiling) to traditional, in-person purchasing to determine if their use is associated with sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, perceived COVID-19 health risk or consumption frequency. METHODS We draw on cross-sectional survey data from 2000 residents of the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, ages 19 years and older that were administered online and by telephone. Associations between purchasing modes and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, perceived COVID-19 health risk or consumption frequency were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS About 70% of people who drink purchased in-person, 17% used delivery and 30% purchased in excess/stockpiled. Sociodemographic and psychosocial attributes varied among those at increased odds of using each purchasing mode. Those at higher COVID-19 health risk were at higher odds of getting alcohol delivered. Increased drinking frequency was associated with alcohol delivery and purchasing in excess/stockpiling. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for increased public health considerations regarding changes to alcohol regulations. Alcohol delivery and purchasing in excess/stockpiling is positively associated with heavier drinking. Drinkers at higher COVID-19 health risk were more likely to purchase online for delivery, which suggests novel purchasing modes may serve a partial public health function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen MacNabb
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sarah Blades
- Health Promotion Team, Mental Health and Addictions, IWK Health, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - Daniel J Dutton
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Greenblatt DT, Pillay E, Snelson K, Saad R, Torres Pradilla M, Widhiati S, Diem A, Knight C, Thompson K, Azzopardi N, Werkentoft M, Moore Z, Patton D, Mayre-Chilton KM, Murrell DF, Mellerio JE. Recommendations on pregnancy, childbirth and aftercare in epidermolysis bullosa: a consensus-based guideline. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:620-632. [PMID: 34687549 PMCID: PMC9298908 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Linked Comment:A.W. Lucky and E. Pope. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:602–603. Plain language summary available online
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D T Greenblatt
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Pillay
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Snelson
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Saad
- Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Torres Pradilla
- Fundacion Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud and Hospital de San Jose, Bogota, Colombia
| | - S Widhiati
- Pediatric Dermatology Division, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret - Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - A Diem
- EB House Austria, Outpatient Unit, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Knight
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Thompson
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Z Moore
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Patton
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K M Mayre-Chilton
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,DEBRA International, Vienna, Austria
| | - D F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology at St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J E Mellerio
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Merrin GJ, Leadbeater BJ, Sturgess CMB, Ames ME, Thompson K. Predictors of Early-Onset Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risks for Substance Use Disorder Symptoms in Young Adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426211049356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of risks for substance use disorders is essential to lifelong health and well-being for some youth. Very early-onset use is proposed as an indicator of risk for substance use disorders, but risk and protective factors related to early-onset use have not been identified. The current study compared risk and protective factors that distinguish early- and late-onset cannabis users from abstainers using data collected from a large community sample. The study also examined onset-group differences in participants’ reports of substance use disorder symptoms a decade later. Heavy episodic drinking (early-onset: OR = 7.29 CI = [1.60, 33.19]) and engagement with peers involved in deviant behaviors (early-onset: OR = 2.50 CI = [1.50, 4.13]) are risk factors for early-onset cannabis use. Protective factors, including parent monitoring (early-onset: OR = 0.73 CI = [0.58, 0.93]), engagement with peers involved in positive behaviors (early-onset: OR = 0.54 CI = [0.39, 0.76]), school engagement (early-onset: OR = 0.83 CI = [0.72, 0.96]), and academic grades (early-onset: OR = 0.37 CI = [0.21, 0.65]) also predicted early versus later onset-group differences. Early age of onset may be distinctly related to risk and protective factors previously associated with risks for substance use in all adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. Merrin
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Megan E. Ames
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Joyce KM, Thompson K, Good KP, Tibbo PG, O'Leary ME, Perrot TS, Hudson A, Stewart SH. The impact of depressed mood and coping motives on cannabis use quantity across the menstrual cycle in those with and without pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder. Addiction 2021; 116:2746-2758. [PMID: 33651443 DOI: 10.1111/add.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reported rates of cannabis use among Canadian females are increasing. Female cannabis users progress to cannabis use disorder more rapidly than males (telescoping) and have higher rates of emotional disorder comorbidity. Addictive behaviors may change, along with mood and motivations, across the menstrual cycle (MC), particularly for females with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study aimed to determine whether increases in depressed mood and coping motives would predict increased cannabis use pre-menstrually/menstrually, particularly among females with PMDD. We also assessed positive mood and enhancement motive ratings to establish specificity of predicted depressed mood and coping motive results. DESIGN Observational study using data collected across 32 days using electronic daily diary methods. SETTING Nova Scotia, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-nine naturally cycling female cannabis users (Mean (M) age = 29.25, Standard Deviation (SD) = 5.66) with and without retrospectively identified PMDD (via structured clinical interview) and prospectively identified PMDD (via elevated pre-menstrual depressed mood). Self-reported MC phase was validated using salivary progesterone concentrations. MEASUREMENTS Depressed/positive mood, coping-/enhancement-motivated cannabis use, and cannabis use quantity. FINDINGS Coping motives explained heightened cannabis use pre-menstrually/menstrually in those with retrospectively identified PMDD. Depressed mood explained increased cannabis use menstrually in those with retrospectively/prospectively identified PMDD. Moreover, prospectively identified PMDD significantly moderated the relationship between depressed mood and cannabis use quantity menstrually. In those with prospectively identified PMDD, positive mood and enhancement motives were associated with decreased cannabis use during the follicular/ovulatory phases. Females with versus without retrospectively identified PMDD also displayed greater overall cannabis use quantity (M [SD] = 3.44[2.84] standard joint equivalents versus 1.85[1.82], respectively; U = 277.50, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Depressed mood may explain heightened cannabis use menstrually in females with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder. Coping motives may explain heightened cannabis use pre-menstrually/menstrually in females with retrospectively identified with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, 2323 Notre Dame Ave., Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Kimberley P Good
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Elizabeth O'Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tara S Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Health PEI, Mental Health and Addictions Research Centre, 347 Church Street, Alberton, PEI, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Thompson K, Dutton DJ, MacNabb K, Liu T, Blades S, Asbridge M. Changes in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring gender differences and the role of emotional distress. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2021; 41:254-263. [PMID: 34164972 PMCID: PMC8565493 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.41.9.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restrictions to do with the COVID-19 pandemic have had substantial unintended consequences on Canadians' alcohol consumption patterns, including increased emotional distress and its potential impact on alcohol use. This study examines 1) changes in adults' alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; 2) whether drinking more frequently during the pandemic is associated with increased feelings of stress, loneliness and hopelessness; and 3) whether gender moderates this relationship. METHODS Participants were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of 2000 adults. Adjusted multinomial regression models were used to assess the association between drinking frequency and increased feelings of stress, loneliness and hopelessness. Additional analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS About 12% of respondents reported drinking more frequently after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 25%-40% reported increased emotional distress. Increased feelings of stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-2.93), loneliness (OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.22-2.61) and hopelessness (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.21-3.23) were all associated with drinking more frequently during the pandemic. While women respondents reported higher rates of emotional distress, significant associations with increased drinking frequency were only observed among men in gender-stratified analyses. CONCLUSION Individuals who report increased feelings of stress, loneliness and hopelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to report increased drinking frequency; however, these associations were only significant for men in stratified analyses. Understanding how the pandemic is associated with mental health and drinking may inform alcohol control policies and public health interventions to minimize alcohol-related harm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel J Dutton
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathleen MacNabb
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sarah Blades
- Health Promotion Team, Mental Health and Addictions, IWK Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roberts H, MacIntyre C, Sapp JL, Gardner MJ, Gray C, AbdelWahab AM, Thompson K, Parkash R. B-PO05-057 ELECTRICAL LEAD ANOMALIES IN A POPULATION-BASED COHORT FROM 2012-2019. Heart Rhythm 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.06.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
29
|
Burch MA, Keshishian A, Wittmann C, Nehrbass D, Styger U, Muthukrishnan G, Arens D, Stadelmann VA, Richards RG, Moriarty TF, Thompson K. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug carprofen negatively impacts new bone formation and antibiotic efficacy in a rat model of orthopaedic-device-related infection. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 41:739-755. [PMID: 34137455 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v041a47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for pain management during recovery from orthopaedic surgery. NSAID use is associated with increased risk of bone healing complications but it is currently unknown whether NSAIDs increase the risk of developing an orthopaedic-device-related infection (ODRI) and/or affects its response to antibiotic therapy. The present study aimed to determine if administration of the NSAID carprofen [a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor] negatively affected Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) bone infection, or its subsequent treatment with antibiotics, in a rodent ODRI model. Sterile or S. epidermidis-contaminated screws (~ 1.5 x 106 CFU) were implanted into the proximal tibia of skeletally mature female Wistar rats, in the absence or presence of daily carprofen administration. A subset of infected animals received antibiotics (rifampicin plus cefazolin) from day 7 to 21, to determine if carprofen affected antibiotic efficacy. Bone changes were monitored using in vivo µCT scanning and histological analysis. The risk of developing an infection with carprofen administration was assessed in separate animals at day 9 using a screw contaminated with 10² CFU S. epidermidis. Quantitative bacteriological analysis assessed bacterial load at euthanasia. In the 28-day antibiotic treatment study, carprofen reduced osteolysis but markedly diminished reparative bone formation, although total bacterial load was not affected at euthanasia. Antibiotic efficacy was negatively affected by carprofen (carprofen: 8/8 infected; control: 2/9 infected). Finally, carprofen increased bacterial load and diminished bone formation following reduced S. epidermidis inoculum (10² CFU) at day 9. This study suggests that NSAIDs with COX-2 selectivity reduce antibiotic efficacy and diminish reparative responses to S. epidermidis ODRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos Platz,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Giles K, Hall P, Wilson H, Macpherson L, Martin-Hernandez MP, Thompson K, Bailey S. 559 IDENTIFYING PATIENTS WITH MOOD DISORDER FOLLOWING ADMISSION WITH HIP FRACTURE WITH A VIEW TO STARTING TREATMENT & PROVIDE ADVICE. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab116.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The signs of depression in the elderly often go unnoticed. The MDT at RSCH observed that low mood could negatively impact on patient’s recovery, affecting pain thresholds and leading to poor engagement with rehabilitation. Proactive identification and management of mood disorder is an important part of CGA, but not routinely performed. The aim of this QI project is to improve identification and management of mood disorder in patients over 65 years admitted to RSCH with hip fractures by introducing a standardised assessment tool to guide appropriate interventions.
Method
Notes of patients with hip fracture admitted over a four-month period were retrospectively reviewed to establish if patients were screened for low mood. A mood screening tool, Cornell Score, was chosen and implemented by OT’s and junior doctors over a four-month period. Those identified with depression or probable depression were issued verbal advice, an information leaflet and follow-up arranged.
Results
Ninety-eight patients were included in the retrospective cohort; There was no indication that mood was considered or assessed at any point during admission. During the four-month prospective period, 86 patients (96%) were screened for low mood; 9% had major depression and 16% probable depression. Feedback from our occupational therapists and doctors was positive, with the tool being easy to use in patients with or without cognitive impairment. Much of the assessment could be incorporated into initial assessment or in gaining collateral history. Anecdotally, considering patients psychological well-being had a positive impact on inpatient therapy sessions guided the MDT in supporting the patient appropriately.
Conclusion
Implementation of a standardised and validated mood screening tool enabled us to identify that a quarter (25%) of the patients had, or probably had depression. This allowed us to intervene with simple measures such as verbal advice and an information leaflet and consider pharmacological intervention where appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Giles
- St Charles Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital
| | - P Hall
- St Charles Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital
| | - H Wilson
- St Charles Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital
| | - L Macpherson
- St Charles Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital
| | - M P Martin-Hernandez
- St Charles Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital
| | - K Thompson
- St Charles Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital
| | - S Bailey
- St Charles Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital; Royal Surrey Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Glidden J, Thompson K, Garcia‐Ortiz R, Canepa J, Takahashi R, Panchal B, Monzon N, Wilkinson S. PaeR is a Copper‐Sensing MarR Homolog from
Clostridium difficile
that Binds Cooperatively to its Promoter DNA Region. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.05059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Glidden
- Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA
| | - Kara Thompson
- Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA
| | - Ruben Garcia‐Ortiz
- Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA
| | - Jacob Canepa
- Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA
| | | | - Bhumika Panchal
- Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA
| | - Nicholas Monzon
- Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA
| | - Steven Wilkinson
- Chemistry & BiochemistryCalifornia Polytechnic State UniversitySan Luis ObispoCA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stewart SH, Chinneck A, Thompson K, Afzali MH, Nogueira-Arjona R, Mahu IT, Conrod PJ. Personality to Prescription Drug Misuse in Adolescents: Testing Affect Regulation, Psychological Dysregulation, and Deviance Proneness Pathways. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:640766. [PMID: 33986700 PMCID: PMC8110923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.640766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fifteen to 25-year-olds are the age group most likely to misuse prescription drugs. Few studies have tested theory-driven models of adolescent risk for prescription drug misuse. Moreover, rarely are distinct pathways to different forms of prescription drug misuse considered. Methods: We tested mediational paths from personality to mental health symptoms to prescription drug misuse, informed by etiological models of addiction. We specified pathways from particular personality traits to unique forms of prescription drug misuse via specific mental health symptoms. We used semi-longitudinal data collected across two waves of the Co-Venture Trial. Our sample included students from 31 Canadian high schools tested in Grade 9 (n = 3,024) and again in Grade 10 (n = 2,869; 95% retention). Personality (hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, sensation seeking) was assessed in Grade 9. Mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, ADHD, conduct disorder) and prescription drug misuse (opioids, sedatives/tranquilizers, stimulants) were assessed at both time points. Results: Consistent with the negative affect regulation model, hopelessness was specifically associated with opioid misuse via depressive symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity was specifically associated with sedative/tranquilizer misuse via anxiety symptoms. Consistent with positive affect regulation, sensation seeking was directly associated with stimulant misuse. Consistent with the psychological dysregulation model, impulsivity was associated with stimulant misuse via ADHD symptoms. And consistent with the deviance proneness model, impulsivity was also associated with unconstrained (i.e., all three forms of) prescription drug misuse via conduct disorder symptoms. Conclusions: Screening for adolescents high in hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, sensation seeking, or impulsivity and providing them with personality-matched cognitive-behavioral interventions may be helpful in preventing or mitigating prescription drug misuse. Our results point to the specific mental health symptoms that are important to target in each of these personality-matched interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Annie Chinneck
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Ioan T. Mahu
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ciccarelli TM, Leatherdale ST, Perlman C, Thompson K, Ferro MA. Steering clear: Traffic violations among emerging adults who engage in habitual or casual cannabis use. Accid Anal Prev 2021; 153:106059. [PMID: 33662695 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While some research has shown that cannabis use can impair driving ability, evidence to the degree and impact of impairment are lacking. This study examined the association between habitual or casual cannabis use and past-year traffic violations among emerging adults (EAs). Data come from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. Respondents (n = 5630) were categorized as: early (15-19 y), middle (20-24 y), and late (25-29 y) EAs. Traffic violations were measured using self-report and cannabis use was measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The prevalence of traffic violations was higher for males (19.2 %) vs females (9.9 %) and middle (16.2 %) and late (19.4 %) EAs vs early (8.8 %) EAs. The odds of reporting traffic violations were higher for EAs who engaged in habitual [OR = 1.77 (1.17-2.67)] or casual [OR = 1.79 (1.27-2.51)] cannabis use when compared to non-users. Age moderated the association such that higher odds of traffic violations were reported in early EAs who were casual cannabis users and middle EAs who were habitual or casual cannabis users when compared to non-users. Use of other drugs was also a moderator-in the absence vs. presence of other drug use, odds of traffic violations were higher in those who engaged in either habitual or casual use of cannabis. When accounting for the moderating effects of age and drug use, habitual and casual cannabis use resulted in increased odds of a traffic violation. Future research is warranted to explore the robustness of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiana M Ciccarelli
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Chris Perlman
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Thompson K, Holley M, Sturgess C, Leadbeater B. Co-Use of Alcohol and Cannabis: Longitudinal Associations with Mental Health Outcomes in Young Adulthood. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18073652. [PMID: 33807491 PMCID: PMC8037602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increases in cannabis use among young people has heightened concern about the potential interactive health effects of cannabis with other drugs. We examined the longitudinal association between concurrent and simultaneous (SAM) co-use of alcohol and cannabis in young adulthood on mental health symptoms, substance use behaviors, and substance-related harms two years later. Data were drawn from Time 5 (T5; n = 464; 46% male) and 6 (T6; n = 478; 45% male) of the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey. At T5, 42% of participants used alcohol-only, 13% used concurrently, 41% used SAM, 1% were cannabis only users, and 3% abstained from cannabis and alcohol. Boys were more likely to use SAM. Higher T5 SAM use frequency was associated with heavier use of substances, more substance-related harms, and symptoms of psychosis and externalizing problems at T6. T5 Concurrent use was associated with conduct symptoms, illicit drug use, and alcohol use disorders at T6 relative to alcohol-only use. Cannabis is commonly used with alcohol and the findings suggest that any co-use (concurrent or simultaneous) may be problematic in young adulthood. Public health messages need to explicitly inform consumers about the possible consequences of using both alcohol and marijuana and the addictive pharmacological impact of using them together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, 103 Annex, 2323 Notre Dame Ave., Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Holley
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, 103 Annex, 2323 Notre Dame Ave., Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada;
| | - Clea Sturgess
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Greater Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; (C.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bonnie Leadbeater
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Greater Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada; (C.S.); (B.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vallance K, Stockwell T, Wettlaufer A, Chow C, Giesbrecht N, April N, Asbridge M, Callaghan R, Cukier S, Hynes G, Mann R, Solomon R, Thomas G, Thompson K. The Canadian Alcohol Policy Evaluation project: Findings from a review of provincial and territorial alcohol policies. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:937-945. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria Victoria Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria Victoria Canada
| | - Ashley Wettlaufer
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Toronto Canada
| | - Clifton Chow
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria Victoria Canada
| | - Norman Giesbrecht
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Toronto Canada
| | - Nicole April
- Direction du développement des individus et des communautés Institut national de santé publique du Québec Québec City Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Departments of Community Health and Epidemiology and Emergency Medicine Dalhousie University Halifax Canada
| | - Russell Callaghan
- Northern Medical Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George Canada
| | - Samantha Cukier
- Centre for Journalogy Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Canada
| | - Geoff Hynes
- Population Health, Canadian Institute for Health Information Ottawa Canada
| | - Robert Mann
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Toronto Canada
| | | | - Gerald Thomas
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria Victoria Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Swan C, Ferro MA, Thompson K. Does how you use matter? The link between mode of use and cannabis-related risk. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106620. [PMID: 32911353 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With the recent legalization of cannabis there are more cannabis products available to consumers today than ever before. However, little is known about the relation of distinct modes of use to cannabis-related risks. The current study estimated the prevalence of different modes of use among a sample of university students, and quantified the magnitude of association between modes of use (type and number) and cannabis-related risks (i.e., dependence, negative consequences, simultaneous use with alcohol). METHODS The sample included 368 undergraduate students (71% female) who reported using cannabis in the last 6 months. RESULTS Joints were the most commonly reported primary mode (39%), followed by bongs/water pipes (33%), hand pipes (14%), edibles (7%) and vaporizers (5%). The majority of participants were multi-mode users (88%). On average, participants reported using 2.72 (sd = 1.04) modes of cannabis regularly. Bong users had more cannabis related harms (B = 1.85, p < .001), dependence symptoms (B = 1.87, p < .001) and were twice as likely to use alcohol and cannabis simultaneously (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.17-3.74) compared to joint users. However, these associations were attenuated after adjusting for sex, age and cannabis frequency. Multi-modal users reported significantly more cannabis-related harms and misuse symptoms compared to single mode users. CONCLUSION Few differences in cannabis risks were found across modes of use. Frequency of use remains the most significant predictor of cannabis related risks. However, findings suggest that multimodal may be indicative of high risk cannabis use patterns and is an important target for screening and intervention.
Collapse
|
37
|
Giesbrecht N, Wettlaufer A, Stockwell T, Vallance K, Chow C, April N, Asbridge M, Callaghan R, Cukier S, Hynes G, Mann RE, Solomon R, Thomas G, Thompson K. Alcohol retail privatisation in Canadian provinces between 2012 and 2017. Is decision making oriented to harm reduction? Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:459-467. [PMID: 33319402 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Policy changes may contribute to increased alcohol-related risks to populations. These include privatisation of alcohol retailing, which influences density of alcohol outlets, location of outlets, hours of sale and prevention of alcohol sales to minors or intoxicated customers. Meta-analyses, reviews and original research indicate enhanced access to alcohol is associated with elevated risk of and actual harm. We assess the 10 Canadian provinces on two alcohol policy domains-type of alcohol control system and physical availability of alcohol-in order to track changes over time, and document shifting changes in alcohol policy. METHODS Our information was based on government documents and websites, archival statistics and key informant interviews. Policy domains were selected and weighted for their degree of effectiveness and population reach based on systematic reviews and epidemiological evidence. Government representatives were asked to validate all the information for their jurisdiction. RESULTS The province-specific reports based on the 2012 results showed that 9 of 10 provinces had mixed retail systems-a combination of government-run and privately owned alcohol outlets. Recommendations in each provincial report were to not increase privatisation. However, by 2017 the percentage of off-premise private outlets had increased in four of these nine provinces, with new private outlet systems introduced in several. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Decision-making protocols are oriented to commercial interests and perceived consumer convenience. If public health and safety considerations are not meaningfully included in decision-making protocols on alcohol policy, then it will be challenging to curtail or reduce harms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Giesbrecht
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashley Wettlaufer
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tim Stockwell
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kate Vallance
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Clifton Chow
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Nicole April
- Direction du développement des individus et des communautés, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec City, Canada
| | - Mark Asbridge
- Departments of Community Health and Epidemiology and Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Russell Callaghan
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
| | - Samantha Cukier
- Centre for Journalogy, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geoff Hynes
- Population Health, Canadian Institute for Health Information, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert E Mann
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gerald Thomas
- Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hui D, Mahler DA, Larsson L, Wu J, Thomas S, Harrison CA, Hess K, Lopez-Mattei J, Thompson K, Gomez D, Jeter M, Lin S, Basen-Engquist K, Bruera E. High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy for Exertional Dyspnea in Patients with Cancer: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Oncologist 2020; 26:e1470-e1479. [PMID: 33289280 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exertional dyspnea is common in patients with cancer and limits their function. The impact of high-flow nasal cannula on exertional dyspnea in nonhypoxemic patients is unclear. In this double-blind, parallel-group, randomized trial, we assessed the effect of flow rate (high vs. low) and gas (oxygen vs. air) on exertional dyspnea in nonhypoxemic patients with cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with cancer with oxygen saturation >90% at rest and exertion completed incremental and constant work (80% maximal) cycle ergometry while breathing low-flow air at 2 L/minute. They were then randomized to receive high-flow oxygen, high-flow air, low-flow oxygen, or low-flow air while performing symptom-limited endurance cycle ergometry at 80% maximal. The primary outcome was modified 0-10 Borg dyspnea intensity scale at isotime. Secondary outcomes included dyspnea unpleasantness, exercise time, and adverse events. RESULTS Seventy-four patients were enrolled, and 44 completed the study (mean age 63; 41% female). Compared with low-flow air at baseline, dyspnea intensity was significantly lower at isotime with high-flow oxygen (mean change, -1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.1, -0.12) and low-flow oxygen (-1.83; 95% CI, -2.7, -0.9), but not high-flow air (-0.2; 95% CI, -0.97, 0.6) or low-flow air (-0.5; 95% CI, -1.3, 0.4). Compared with low-flow air, high-flow oxygen also resulted in significantly longer exercise time (difference + 2.5 minutes, p = .009), but not low-flow oxygen (+0.39 minutes, p = .65) or high-flow air (+0.63 minutes, p = .48). The interventions were well tolerated without significant adverse effects. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings support that high-flow oxygen improved both exertional dyspnea and exercise duration in nonhypoxemic patients with cancer. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02357134). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In this four-arm, double-blind, randomized clinical trial examining the role of high-flow nasal cannula on exertional dyspnea in patients with cancer without hypoxemia, high-flow oxygen, but not high-flow air, resulted in significantly lower dyspnea scores and longer exercise time. High-flow oxygen delivered by high-flow nasal cannula devices may improve clinically relevant outcomes even in patients without hypoxemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hui
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donald A Mahler
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.,Department of Respiratory Services, Valley Regional Hospital, Claremont, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Liliana Larsson
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saji Thomas
- Department of Respiratory Care, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carol A Harrison
- Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan Lopez-Mattei
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Cardiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Gomez
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melenda Jeter
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven Lin
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zorriehzahra S, Hassantabar F, Firouzbakhash F, Thompson K. Design and establish a rapid diagnostic kit for Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) disease using immunochromatography method. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
40
|
Luther AW, Reaume SV, Qadeer RA, Thompson K, Ferro MA. Substance use disorders among youth with chronic physical illness. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106517. [PMID: 32619867 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study estimated prevalence of substance use disorder in youth with chronic physical illness; quantified magnitudes of association between different chronic physical illnesses with substance use disorder; and, tested whether mental disorder moderates these associations. Data come from 6,377 individuals aged 15-30 years in the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. Alcohol, cannabis, or other drug use disorder measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Individuals with chronic physical illness were more likely to have other drug use disorder compared to healthy controls (2.4% vs. 1.3%; p < .001), but not more likely to have alcohol (7.8% vs. 6.8%) or cannabis use disorder (5.0% vs. 3.6%). Odds of alcohol use disorder were higher among individuals with musculoskeletal conditions, OR = 1.41 (1.03-1.93), but lower among individuals with neurological conditions, OR = 0.49 (0.33-0.72), compared to healthy controls. No associations were found for cannabis use disorder. Odds of other drug use disorder were higher among individuals with endocrine conditions, OR = 2.88 (1.37-6.06). In the presence vs. absence of major depressive disorder, odds for substance use disorder were higher among individuals with respiratory or endocrine conditions. However, odds were lower among individuals with comorbid neurological and major depressive disorders or comorbid respiratory and generalized anxiety disorders. The complexity of the association between chronic physical illness and substance use disorder is compounded when accounting for the moderating effect of mental disorder, which in some contexts, results in a reduced likelihood of substance use disorder in youth with chronic physical illness.
Collapse
|
41
|
Homel J, Thompson K, Leadbeater B. Changes in positive and negative peer influences and depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. J Adolesc 2020; 84:113-122. [PMID: 32911178 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peers are believed to continue as prominent sources of influence for young adults. However, having peers who use alcohol and drugs is associated with depressive symptoms in young adults and research on the effects of having peers who model positive activities beyond adolescence is scarce. METHOD In this 10-year study of 644 Canadian youth (52% female), we used multilevel modeling to examine the effects of within-person and between-person differences in the interplay of peer behaviours and changes in depressive symptoms between ages 14 and 25. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and surveys for private topics. RESULTS Youth with close friends who used drugs and alcohol consistently reported more depressive symptoms at each age, whereas having friends who engaged in positive activities was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, especially during adolescence. Moreover, at times when youth had more substance-using peers than usual (within person variation), they also reported more symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Substance-using peer contexts convey both short- and long-term risks for depressive symptoms. However, the protective effects of having peers who are engaged in positive activities, while generally protective, may be reduced in young adulthood. It is possible that older youth withdraw from peers and activities as their depression worsens, and prosocial activities become less supervised by parents, more optional, and more expensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Homel
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, 176 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, 4122, Australia.
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada.
| | - Bonnie Leadbeater
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3050 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3P5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Coffey M, Cooper-Ryan AM, Houston L, Thompson K, Cook PA. Using e-cigarettes for smoking cessation: evaluation of a pilot project in the North West of England. Perspect Public Health 2020; 140:351-361. [PMID: 32389072 PMCID: PMC7683886 DOI: 10.1177/1757913920912436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS E-cigarettes have been advocated as an effective smoking cessation intervention, with evidence indicating that they are substantially less harmful than conventional cigarettes. As a result, a pilot to encourage people to swap from conventional cigarettes to e-cigarettes was conducted in 2018 in a socially deprived area in the North West of England. This evaluation highlights the key findings from the pilot. METHODS An analysis of secondary data at 4 weeks (n = 1022) was undertaken to predict those who used solely used e-cigarettes (i.e. had quit tobacco, as confirmed by a carbon monoxide test, CO < 10 ppm) from baseline characteristics, using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Baseline data were demographics, smoking levels and service provider type. RESULTS Of the 1022 participants who engaged with the pilot 614 were still engaged at 4 weeks, of whom 62% had quit; quitting was more likely in younger participants (aged 18-24) and less likely in those who were sick and disabled. Of those who still smoked tobacco at week 4 (n = 226), smoking had reduced from a baseline of 19.1 cigarettes/day to 8.7. Overall, 37% (381) of those initially enrolled were confirmed to be using an e-cigarette on its own at follow-up. Successful quit was associated with occupation (unemployed, 33% vs intermediate, 47%, p = .023) and residing in the less deprived quintiles of deprivation (50% vs 34% in the most deprived quintile, p = .016). CONCLUSIONS Making the conservative assumption that all those not in contact at 4 weeks were still smoking tobacco, for every five people entering the scheme, three people stayed on the programme and reduced their cigarette smoking and one person cut out tobacco altogether. E-cigarettes appear to be an effective nicotine replacement therapy; however, further research is required to determine whether e-cigarette users are more likely to reduce their overall nicotine consumption in the longer term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Coffey
- University of Salford, Frederick Road Campus, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | | | | | - K Thompson
- Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council, Rochdale, UK
| | - P A Cook
- University of Salford, Salford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wegener C, Thompson K. Automated leukapheresis cryopreparation using fully-defined synthetic solutions. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
44
|
Bundy M, Thompson K, Liu C, Mishra S, Zmuda J. Optimization of the Gibco™ CTS™ LV-MAX™ Lentiviral Production System in Stirred Tank Bioreactors. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Thompson K, Garcia-Ortiz R, Wilkinson S. PaeR, a Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Regulator Homolog from
Clostridium difficile
is a Sequence‐Specific DNA Binding Protein that Responds to Small Molecule Effectors. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
46
|
van Gelder N, Peterman A, Potts A, O'Donnell M, Thompson K, Shah N, Oertelt-Prigione S. COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 21:100348. [PMID: 32292900 PMCID: PMC7151425 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. van Gelder
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 117), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A. Peterman
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Social and Economic Policy Unit, UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, Florence, Italy
| | - A. Potts
- The Global Women's Institute at the George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M. O'Donnell
- Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - N. Shah
- United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S. Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 117), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 117), 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood is a critical stage when the economic foundations for life-long health are established. To date, there is little consensus as to whether marijuana use is associated with poor educational and occupational success in adulthood. We investigated associations between trajectories of marijuana use from ages 15 to 28 and multiple indicators of economic well-being in young adulthood including achievement levels (i.e., educational attainment and occupational prestige), work characteristics (i.e., full vs part-time employment, hours worked, annual income), financial strain (i.e., debt, trouble paying for necessities, delaying medical attention), and perceived workplace stress. Data were from the Victoria Healthy Youth Survey, a 10-year prospective study of a randomly recruited community sample of 662 youth (48% male; Mage = 15.5), followed biennially for six assessments. Models adjusted for baseline age, sex, SES, high school grades, heavy drinking, smoking, and internalizing and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms. Chronic users (our highest risk class) reported lower levels of educational attainment, lower occupational prestige, lower income, greater debt, and more difficulty paying for medical necessities in young adulthood compared to abstainers. Similarly, increasers also reported lower educational attainment, occupational prestige, and income. Decreasers, who had high early use but quit over time, showed resilience in economic well-being, performing similar to abstainers. Groups did not differ on employment status or perceived workplace stress. The findings indicate that early onset and persistent high or increasingly frequent use of marijuana in the transition from adolescent to young adulthood is associated with risks for achieving educational and occupational success, and subsequently health, in young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, 2323 Notre Dame Ave., Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
| | | | - Megan Ames
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Heffernan AL, Gomez-Ramos MJ, Symeonides C, Hare DJ, Vijayasarathy S, Thompson K, Mueller JF, Ponsonby AL, Sly PD. Harmonizing analytical chemistry and clinical epidemiology for human biomonitoring studies. A case-study of plastic product chemicals in urine. Chemosphere 2020; 238:124631. [PMID: 31524608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an interdisciplinary interface between analytical chemistry and epidemiology studies with respect to the design, execution, and analysis of environmental epidemiology cohorts and studies. Extracting meaningful results linking chemical exposure to human health outcomes begins at study design and spans the entire workflow. Here we discuss analytical experimental design from an exposure science perspective, and propose a reporting checklist for the design of human biomonitoring studies. We explain key analytical chemistry concepts of blanks and limits of reporting and present a case series of plastic product chemical exposure in prenatal urine specimens from the Barwon Infant Study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
| | - M J Gomez-Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - C Symeonides
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D J Hare
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Vijayasarathy
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - K Thompson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - J F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - A L Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Park T, Thompson K, Wekerle C, Al-Hamdani M, Smith S, Hudson A, Goldstein A, Stewart SH. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Coping Motives Mediate the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and Alcohol Problems. J Trauma Stress 2019; 32:918-926. [PMID: 31742776 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk of alcohol misuse. Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and coping motives have both been identified, separately, as mediators of the relation between childhood maltreatment and alcohol misuse but have yet to be examined as serial mediators in a high-risk population. A total of 564 adolescents (53.7% female; M age = 15.9 years, SD = 1.1) in the care of child welfare services completed validated measures of childhood trauma, PTSS, drinking motives, and alcohol misuse across the first two waves (baseline and 6-month follow-up) of the Maltreatment and Adolescent Pathways (MAP) longitudinal study. Childhood maltreatment was associated with elevated PTSS, PTSS predicted higher coping motives, and coping motives were associated with higher levels of alcohol misuse, indirect effect (IE) = 0.03; 95% CI [0.00, 0.07]. Single mediator models with PTSS, IE = 0.03; 95% CI [-0.01, 0.05], and coping motives, IE = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.05, 0.03], as mediators were not statistically significant. The results suggest that PTSS and coping motives contribute sequentially to the association between childhood maltreatment and alcohol misuse and could thus both serve as intervention targets to prevent problem drinking in maltreated youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Park
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology St. Francis University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christine Wekerle
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Hamdani
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Savanah Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Abby Goldstein
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Thompson K. SP-005: Standardising OAR delineation for treatment planning. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(20)30557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|