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Joyce KM, Thompson K, Good KP, Tibbo PG, O'Leary ME, Perrot TS, Hudson A, Stewart SH. The impact of depressed mood and coping motives on cannabis use quantity across the menstrual cycle in those with and without pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder. Addiction 2021; 116:2746-2758. [PMID: 33651443 DOI: 10.1111/add.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reported rates of cannabis use among Canadian females are increasing. Female cannabis users progress to cannabis use disorder more rapidly than males (telescoping) and have higher rates of emotional disorder comorbidity. Addictive behaviors may change, along with mood and motivations, across the menstrual cycle (MC), particularly for females with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study aimed to determine whether increases in depressed mood and coping motives would predict increased cannabis use pre-menstrually/menstrually, particularly among females with PMDD. We also assessed positive mood and enhancement motive ratings to establish specificity of predicted depressed mood and coping motive results. DESIGN Observational study using data collected across 32 days using electronic daily diary methods. SETTING Nova Scotia, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-nine naturally cycling female cannabis users (Mean (M) age = 29.25, Standard Deviation (SD) = 5.66) with and without retrospectively identified PMDD (via structured clinical interview) and prospectively identified PMDD (via elevated pre-menstrual depressed mood). Self-reported MC phase was validated using salivary progesterone concentrations. MEASUREMENTS Depressed/positive mood, coping-/enhancement-motivated cannabis use, and cannabis use quantity. FINDINGS Coping motives explained heightened cannabis use pre-menstrually/menstrually in those with retrospectively identified PMDD. Depressed mood explained increased cannabis use menstrually in those with retrospectively/prospectively identified PMDD. Moreover, prospectively identified PMDD significantly moderated the relationship between depressed mood and cannabis use quantity menstrually. In those with prospectively identified PMDD, positive mood and enhancement motives were associated with decreased cannabis use during the follicular/ovulatory phases. Females with versus without retrospectively identified PMDD also displayed greater overall cannabis use quantity (M [SD] = 3.44[2.84] standard joint equivalents versus 1.85[1.82], respectively; U = 277.50, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Depressed mood may explain heightened cannabis use menstrually in females with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder. Coping motives may explain heightened cannabis use pre-menstrually/menstrually in females with retrospectively identified with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St. Francis Xavier University, 2323 Notre Dame Ave., Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Kimberley P Good
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Elizabeth O'Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tara S Perrot
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Health PEI, Mental Health and Addictions Research Centre, 347 Church Street, Alberton, PEI, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Building, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada
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