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Morris V, Baptist-Mohseni N, Kronstein NB, Murphy CB, Yunus F, Thibault T, Livet A, Mahmoud A, Pétrin-Pomerleau P, Krank M, Thompson K, Conrod P, Stewart SH, Keough MT. Hazardous Drinking Mediates the Relation Between Externalizing Personality and Reduced Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Guidelines in University Students. Emerg Adulthood 2023; 11:797-803. [PMID: 38603422 PMCID: PMC9676110 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221140449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Using a multigroup path analysis, we examined if hazardous alcohol use mediated the relations between elevated externalizing personality traits (i.e., impulsivity or sensation seeking) and reduced adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines. We hypothesized that those high in externalizing personality traits would demonstrate less adherence to public health guidelines and that hazardous alcohol use would mediate this relationship. First- and second-year undergraduates (N = 1232; ages 18-25) from five Canadian universities participated in a cross-sectional survey between January to April 2021. Individuals with higher levels of impulsive or sensation seeking personality traits demonstrated poorer adherence to COVID-19 public health guidelines and these relations were mediated by hazardous alcohol use. Results suggest that hazardous drinking is an important target for students high in impulsivity and sensation seeking to increase their adherence to public health guidelines and thereby help control viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | | | | | - Clayton B. Murphy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Fakir Yunus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tabatha Thibault
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Audrey Livet
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aram Mahmoud
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marvin Krank
- Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan
Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Kara Thompson
- Department of Psychology, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sherry H. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Hudes R, Baptist-Mohseni N, Dimech C, Rich JB, Troyer AK, Vandermorris S. Evaluating the effectiveness of compensatory memory interventions in adults with acquired brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of memory and everyday outcomes. Neuropsychology 2022; 36:243-265. [PMID: 35238602 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults with acquired brain injury (ABI) often experience memory impairments that are persistent and difficult to treat. Although evidence has shown that rehabilitation programs may improve cognitive performance in persons with ABI, there is an opportunity to look more closely at the benefits provided by specific interventions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether compensation-based memory programs improve memory or everyday outcomes (e.g., mood, quality of life, community integration, everyday functioning). METHOD The review was limited to published, English-language controlled trials that evaluated compensatory memory interventions for adults (18 +) with ABI using at least one memory or everyday outcome. The final search was conducted in April 2021 using PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Review database, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of relevant articles. RESULTS Of 2,817 identified articles, 22 controlled trials met inclusion criteria, of which 12 provided sufficient data to include in the meta-analyses. Risk of bias assessment identified problems with recruitment and masking procedures. Results indicate that compared to controls, these interventions produce positive effects on outcomes of immediate verbal recall (g = 0.43), participant-reported memory (g = 0.28), and strategy use (g = 0.39) and that these improvements are maintained at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Compensatory memory programs produce meaningful memory improvements and are a promising avenue for reducing ABI-related memory impairment. Future research focusing on specific subsets of ABI populations and a broader range of participant-reported outcomes is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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DeGrace S, Baptist-Mohseni N, Single A, Keough MT, Wardell JD, Stewart SH. Sex differences in maladaptive emotional and behavioral responses to COVID-19: What is the role of personality? Pers Individ Dif 2021; 178:110834. [PMID: 33758454 PMCID: PMC7973079 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Males are more non-adherent to public health measures for containing COVID-19 while females experience more COVID-19-related distress. Personality traits may influence both non-adherence and distress. We examined sensation seeking (SS), anxiety sensitivity (AS), impulsivity, and hopelessness as traits potentially associated with non-adherence and distress in response to COVID-19. Furthermore, we sought to understand if known sex differences in SS (male > female) and AS (female > male) may explain sex differences on these two COVID-19 outcomes. In the first month of the pandemic, 400 adults (mean age = 32.16 years; 45.3%F) completed the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale to assess personality. Degree of adherence to public health recommendations and COVID-19-related distress were also measured. Male sex was indirectly related to poorer adherence to stay-at-home advisories via SS, and female sex was indirectly related to higher COVID-19 distress via AS. Personality-targeted interventions may help reduce non-adherence and COVID-19 distress, potentially reducing sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah DeGrace
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th Floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax B3H 2E2, NS, Canada
| | | | - Alanna Single
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Wardell
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto M5S 2S1, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto M5T 1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans' Memorial Lane, 8th Floor, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax B3H 2E2, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax B3H 4R2, NS, Canada
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4
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Panesar B, Rosic T, Rodrigues M, Sanger N, Baptist-Mohseni N, Hillmer A, Chawar C, D'Elia A, Minuzzi L, Thabane L, Samaan Z. The Role of Perceived Social Support in the Association Between Stressful Life Events and Suicidal Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:699682. [PMID: 34566710 PMCID: PMC8460765 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicide is a serious public health concern for which there have been well-established protective and risk factors reported in literature. There is a lack of evidence on the indirect effects of other variables on these factors. Specifically, the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior may be affected by perceived social support, but its role in this association is largely uninvestigated. Objectives: Thus, this paper aims to explore the role of perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicidal behavior. Perceived social support will be explored as a mediator and as a moderator in this association. Methods: Data were obtained from the Determinants of Suicidal Behavior Conventional and Emergent Risk (DISCOVER), a study conducted to identify risk factors of suicidal behavior. The study participants are individuals with suicide attempts admitted to hospital. Participants (n = 343) were recruited from hospital setting. Suicidal behavior was measured using two outcomes (1) the occurrence of a suicide attempt (2) level of suicide intent as measured by the Pierce Suicide Intent Scale. Perceived social support was measured using the Sarason Social Support Questionnaire. Results: Stressful life events were significantly associated with suicide attempts (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.440, 1.682, p < 0.001) and perceived social support (B -0.785, 95% CI -1.501, -0.068, p = 0.032). There was no significant mediation effect by perceived social support in the association between stressful life events and suicide attempts (Sobel's test statistic 1.64, p = 0.100). Perceived social support did not moderate the relationship between stressful life events and suicide attempts [(OR 1.007, 95% CI 0.987, 1.027, p = 0.514] or the relationship between stressful life events and level of suicidal intent (B -0.043, 95% CI -0.132, 0.046, p = 0.343). Conclusion: Stressful life events are associated with increased risk of suicide attempts. The study also identified an inverse relationship between stressful life events and perceived social support. These associations were independent of perceived social support. This study highlights the effects of stressful life events on suicide risk is not affected by perceived social support, requiring further investigation into measures to reduce the impact of social stressors on people with risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balpreet Panesar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tea Rosic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Myanca Rodrigues
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nitika Sanger
- Medical Science Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alannah Hillmer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Caroul Chawar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alessia D'Elia
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Evaluation of Medicines, Programs for Assessment of Technology in Health (PATH) Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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5
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Sanger N, Bhatt M, Singhal N, Panesar B, D’Elia A, Trottier M, Shahid H, Hillmer A, Baptist-Mohseni N, Roczyki V, Soni D, Brush M, Lovell E, Sanger S, Samaan MC, de Souza RJ, Thabane L, Samaan Z. Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Who Were First Introduced to Opioids by Prescription: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 33005151 PMCID: PMC7485127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prescription opioid misuse has led to a new cohort of opioid use disorder (OUD) patients who were introduced to opioids through a legitimate prescription. This change has caused a shift in the demographic profile of OUD patients from predominantly young men to middle age and older people. The management of OUD includes medication-assisted treatment (MAT), which produces varying rates of treatment response. In this study, we will examine whether the source of first opioid use has an effect on treatment outcomes in OUD. Using a systematic review of the literature, we will investigate the association between source of first opioid introduction and treatment outcomes defined as continuing illicit opioid use and poly-substance use while in MAT. METHODS Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, and PsycInfo were searched from inception to December 31st, 2019 inclusive using a comprehensive search strategy. Five pairs of reviewers conducted screening and data extraction independently in duplicate. The review is conducted and reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model was used for meta analyses assuming heterogeneity among the included studies. RESULTS The initial search results in 27,345 articles that were screened, and five observational studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. Our results found that those who were introduced to opioids through a legitimate prescription were significantly less likely to have illicit opioid use (0.70, 95% CI 0.50, 0.99) while on MAT. They were also less likely to use cannabis (0.54, 95% CI 0.32, 0.89), alcohol (0.75, 95% CI 0.59, 0.95), cocaine (0.50, 95% CI 0.29, 0.85), and injection drug use (0.25, 95% CI 0.14, 0.43) than those introduced to opioids through recreational means. CONCLUSION This study shows that the first exposure to opioids, whether through a prescription or recreationally, influences prognosis and treatment outcomes of opioid use disorder. Although the increased pattern of prescribing opioids may have led to increased OUD in a new cohort of patients, these patients are less likely to continue to use illicit drugs and have a different prognostic and clinical profile that requires a tailored approach to treatment. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017058143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sanger
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meha Bhatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nikhita Singhal
- Undergraduate MD Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Balpreet Panesar
- Life Sciences Undergraduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alessia D’Elia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery & Study Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maegan Trottier
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hamnah Shahid
- Arts & Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alannah Hillmer
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Baptist-Mohseni
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Victoria Roczyki
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Divya Soni
- Health Sciences Undergraduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maurana Brush
- Undergraduate MD Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lovell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Postgraduate Psychiatry Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Sanger
- Health Science Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M. Constantine Samaan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph’s Healthcare—Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Dennis BB, Sanger N, Bawor M, Naji L, Plater C, Worster A, Woo J, Bhalerao A, Baptist-Mohseni N, Hillmer A, Rice D, Corace K, Hutton B, Tugwell P, Thabane L, Samaan Z. A call for consensus in defining efficacy in clinical trials for opioid addiction: combined results from a systematic review and qualitative study in patients receiving pharmacological assisted therapy for opioid use disorder. Trials 2020; 21:30. [PMID: 31907000 PMCID: PMC6945391 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the complex nature of opioid addiction treatment and the rising number of available opioid substitution and antagonist therapies (OSAT), there is no ‘gold standard’ measure of treatment effectiveness, and each successive trial measures a different set of outcomes which reflect success in arbitrary or opportune terms. We sought to describe the variation in current outcomes employed across clinical trials for opioid addiction, as well as determine whether a discrepancy exists between the treatment targets that patients consider important and how treatment effectiveness is measured in the literature. Methods We searched nine commonly used databases (e.g., EMBASE, MEDLINE) from inception to August 1, 2015. Outcomes used across trials were extracted and categorized according to previously established domains. To evaluate patient-reported goals of treatment, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 adults undergoing methadone treatment. Results We identified 60 trials eligible for inclusion. Once outcomes were categorized into eight broad domains (e.g., abstinence/substance abuse), we identified 21 specific outcomes with furthermore 53 subdomains and 118 measurements. Continued opioid use and treatment retention were the most commonly reported measures (46%, n = 28). The majority of patients agreed that abstinence from opioids was a primary goal in their treatment, although they also stressed goals under-reported in clinical trials. Conclusions There is inconsistency in the measures used to evaluate the effectiveness of OSATs. Individual and population level decision making is being guided by a standard of effect considered useful to researchers yet in direct conflict with what patients deem important. Trial registration PROSPERO, CRD42013006507.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany B Dennis
- McMaster University Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nitika Sanger
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Monica Bawor
- McMaster University Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Leen Naji
- Department of Family Medicine Residency Program, Michael G. Degroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Carolyn Plater
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrew Worster
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Julia Woo
- University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anuja Bhalerao
- University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natasha Baptist-Mohseni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alannah Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Danielle Rice
- Faculty of Science, Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Center for Practice Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kim Corace
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Centre for Evaluation of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada.,System Linked Research Unit, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada. .,Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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7
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Sanger N, Bhatt M, Singhal N, Ramsden K, Baptist-Mohseni N, Panesar B, Shahid H, Hillmer A, D Elia A, Luo C, Rogers V, Arunan A, Baker-Beal L, Haber S, Henni J, Puckering M, Sun S, Ng K, Sanger S, Mouravaska N, Samaan MC, de Souza R, Thabane L, Samaan Z. Adverse Outcomes Associated with Prescription Opioids for Acute Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Physician 2019; 22:119-138. [PMID: 30921976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute low back pain (ALBP) is a common clinical complaint that can last anywhere from 24 hours to 12 weeks. In recent years, there has been an opioid epidemic which is linked to the increased availability of prescription opioids. Though guidelines recommend that in the treatment of ALBP, opioids should be used when other treatments fail, we have seen an increase in opioid prescriptions for ALBP. With this crisis, it is important to examine if there are any adverse outcomes associated with prescribing opioids for ALBP. OBJECTIVE We aim to review the published literature to examine the adverse outcomes associated with opioid use for ALBP. STUDY DESIGN We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis in accordance with our published protocol and PRISMA guidelines. SETTING The review was conducted at McMaster University. METHODS Various electronic databases for articles published from inception to September 30, 2017, inclusive. Both randomized clinical trials and observational studies on the impact of opioid use in ALBP in the adult population were included. Eight pairs of independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality. The identified articles were assessed for risk of bias using sensitivity analysis. Trials with comparative outcomes were reported in a meta-analysis using a fixed effects model. RESULTS A total of 13,889 studies were initially screened for the review and a total of 4 studies were included in the full review, of which 2 studies were meta-analyzed. Our results showed that prescribing opioids for ALBP was significantly associated with long-term continued opioid use (1.57, 95% CI, 1.06-2.33). There was no significant association found between unemployment duration and prescribing opioids for ALBP (3.54, 95% CI, -7.57 to 14.66). LIMITATIONS Due to the limited number of studies that considered unemployment, only an unpooled analysis was conducted. Among the included studies there was both statistical and clinical heterogeneity due to differences in methodology, study design, risk of selection or performance bias. Most of the studies had an unclear or high risk of bias and poorly defined side effects. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of literature examining long-term adverse outcomes associated with prescribing opioids for ALBP, no definitive conclusions can be made. However, with the literature available, there does seem to be risk associated with prescribing opioids for ALBP so there is a great need to conduct further investigations examining these adverse outcomes for ALBP patients. KEY WORDS Acute low back pain, opioids, prescriptions, low back pain, long-term use, opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sanger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meha Bhatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikhita Singhal
- Undergraduate MD Program , McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Katherine Ramsden
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Hamnah Shahid
- Arts & Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alannah Hillmer
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Alessia D Elia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Candice Luo
- Health Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | | | - Lola Baker-Beal
- St. George's Medical School, St. George's Hospital, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Sean Haber
- Undergraduate MD Program , McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Jihane Henni
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Megan Puckering
- Undergraduate MD Program , McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Sunny Sun
- Undergraduate MD Program , McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - Kim Ng
- Undergraduate MD Program , McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | | | - Natalia Mouravaska
- Mood Disorders Research Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON
| | - M Constantine Samaan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zainab Samaan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Genomic Program, Chanchalani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, Canada
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