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Xiao X, Xu J, Sheng X, Wang C, Dong J, Shi X. Tobacco nicotine promotes TRAIL resistance in lung cancer through SNHG5. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:131. [PMID: 36845946 PMCID: PMC9947578 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco nicotine use is carcinogenic and a well-known risk factor for lung cancer. However, whether tobacco nicotine can induce drug resistance in lung cancer is not clear. The objective of the present study was to identify the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially expressed in smokers and nonsmokers with lung cancer. The results suggested that the nicotine upregulated small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) and markedly decreased the levels of cleaved caspase-3. The present study found that cytoplasm lncRNA SNHG5 overexpression was associated with TRAIL resistance in lung cancer and that SNHG5 can interact with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein to promote TRAIL resistance. Therefore, nicotine promoted TRAIL resistance in lung cancer through SNHG5/X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 231500, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 231500, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoan Sheng
- Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 231500, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 231500, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Dong
- Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 231500, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Chaohu, Anhui 231500, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Xianfeng Shi, Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 64 Chaohu North Road, Juchao, Chaohu, Anhui 231500, P.R. China
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Montinaro A, Walczak H. Harnessing TRAIL-induced cell death for cancer therapy: a long walk with thrilling discoveries. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:237-249. [PMID: 36195672 PMCID: PMC9950482 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, importantly without killing any essential normal cells. These findings formed the basis for the development of TRAIL-receptor agonists (TRAs) for cancer therapy. However, clinical trials conducted with different types of TRAs have, thus far, afforded only limited therapeutic benefit, as either the respectively chosen agonist showed insufficient anticancer activity or signs of toxicity, or the right TRAIL-comprising combination therapy was not employed. Therefore, in this review we will discuss molecular determinants of TRAIL resistance, the most promising TRAIL-sensitizing agents discovered to date and, importantly, whether any of these could also prove therapeutically efficacious upon cancer relapse following conventional first-line therapies. We will also discuss the more recent progress made with regards to the clinical development of highly active non-immunogenic next generation TRAs. Based thereupon, we next propose how TRAIL resistance might be successfully overcome, leading to the possible future development of highly potent, cancer-selective combination therapies that are based on our current understanding of biology TRAIL-induced cell death. It is possible that such therapies may offer the opportunity to tackle one of the major current obstacles to effective cancer therapy, namely overcoming chemo- and/or targeted-therapy resistance. Even if this were achievable only for certain types of therapy resistance and only for particular types of cancer, this would be a significant and meaningful achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Role of Apoptosis in HIV Pathogenesis. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:8148119. [PMID: 35462964 PMCID: PMC9023228 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8148119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic pathway is an important cell death pathway that contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis in living systems. However, variations in apoptosis have been linked to many diseases such as cancers and chronic infections. The HIV infection has contributed to increase mortality and morbidity worldwide, predominantly through the induction of gradual depletion of CD4+ T cells. The induction and mediation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are crucial in HIV pathogenesis and intracellular survival. Consequently, a deep molecular understanding of how apoptosis is induced and modulated in HIV-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion is paramount, as this can lead to new portals of therapeutic intervention and control.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Apoptosis is a major mechanism of cancer cell death. Thus, evasion of apoptosis results in therapy resistance. Here, we review apoptosis modulators in cancer and their recent developments, including MDM2 inhibitors and kinase inhibitors that can induce effective apoptosis. RECENT FINDINGS Both extrinsic pathways (external stimuli through cell surface death receptor) and intrinsic pathways (mitochondrial-mediated regulation upon genotoxic stress) regulate the complex process of apoptosis through orchestration of various proteins such as members of the BCL-2 family. Dysregulation within these complex steps can result in evasion of apoptosis. However, via the combined evolution of medicinal chemistry and molecular biology, omics assays have led to innovative inducers of apoptosis and inhibitors of anti-apoptotic regulators. Many of these agents are now being tested in cancer patients in early-phase trials. We believe that despite a sluggish speed of development, apoptosis targeting holds promise as a relevant strategy in cancer therapeutics.
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Shanmugam MK, Sethi G. Molecular mechanisms of cell death. MECHANISMS OF CELL DEATH AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR THERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENT 2022:65-92. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814208-0.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Lafont E. Stress Management: Death Receptor Signalling and Cross-Talks with the Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1113. [PMID: 32365592 PMCID: PMC7281445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout tumour progression, tumour cells are exposed to various intense cellular stress conditions owing to intrinsic and extrinsic cues, to which some cells are remarkably able to adapt. Death Receptor (DR) signalling and the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) are two stress responses that both regulate a plethora of outcomes, ranging from proliferation, differentiation, migration, cytokine production to the induction of cell death. Both signallings are major modulators of physiological tissue homeostasis and their dysregulation is involved in tumorigenesis and the metastastic process. The molecular determinants of the control between the different cellular outcomes induced by DR signalling and the UPR in tumour cells and their stroma and their consequences on tumorigenesis are starting to be unravelled. Herein, I summarize the main steps of DR signalling in relation to its cellular and pathophysiological roles in cancer. I then highlight how the UPR and DR signalling control common cellular outcomes and also cross-talk, providing potential opportunities to further understand the development of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France;
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
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Lim B, Greer Y, Lipkowitz S, Takebe N. Novel Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for the Treatment of Cancer, a New Arsenal in the Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081087. [PMID: 31370269 PMCID: PMC6721450 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion from apoptosis is an important hallmark of cancer cells. Alterations of apoptosis pathways are especially critical as they confer resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapeutics, e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapeutics. Thus, successful induction of apoptosis using novel therapeutics may be a key strategy for preventing recurrence and metastasis. Inhibitors of anti-apoptotic molecules and enhancers of pro-apoptotic molecules are being actively developed for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors in particular over the last decade. However, due to the complicated apoptosis process caused by a multifaceted connection with cross-talk pathways, protein–protein interaction, and diverse resistance mechanisms, drug development within the category has been extremely challenging. Careful design and development of clinical trials incorporating predictive biomarkers along with novel apoptosis-inducing agents based on rational combination strategies are needed to ensure the successful development of these molecules. Here, we review the landscape of currently available direct apoptosis-targeting agents in clinical development for cancer treatment and update the related biomarker advancement to detect and validate the efficacy of apoptosis-targeted therapies, along with strategies to combine them with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yoshimi Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Early Clinical Trials Development, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Kretz AL, Trauzold A, Hillenbrand A, Knippschild U, Henne-Bruns D, von Karstedt S, Lemke J. TRAILblazing Strategies for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040456. [PMID: 30935038 PMCID: PMC6521007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the late 1990s, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF-family, started receiving much attention for its potential in cancer therapy, due to its capacity to induce apoptosis selectively in tumour cells in vivo. TRAIL binds to its membrane-bound death receptors TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) inducing the formation of a death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) thereby activating the apoptotic cascade. The ability of TRAIL to also induce apoptosis independently of p53 makes TRAIL a promising anticancer agent, especially in p53-mutated tumour entities. Thus, several so-called TRAIL receptor agonists (TRAs) were developed. Unfortunately, clinical testing of these TRAs did not reveal any significant anticancer activity, presumably due to inherent or acquired TRAIL resistance of most primary tumour cells. Since the potential power of TRAIL-based therapies still lies in TRAIL's explicit cancer cell-selectivity, a desirable approach going forward for TRAIL-based cancer therapy is the identification of substances that sensitise tumour cells for TRAIL-induced apoptosis while sparing normal cells. Numerous of such TRAIL-sensitising strategies have been identified within the last decades. However, many of these approaches have not been verified in animal models, and therefore potential toxicity of these approaches has not been taken into consideration. Here, we critically summarise and discuss the status quo of TRAIL signalling in cancer cells and strategies to force tumour cells into undergoing apoptosis triggered by TRAIL as a cancer therapeutic approach. Moreover, we provide an overview and outlook on innovative and promising future TRAIL-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Laura Kretz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
- Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hillenbrand
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Smac mimetic suppresses tunicamycin-induced apoptosis via resolution of ER stress. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:155. [PMID: 30770792 PMCID: PMC6377606 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins have been implicated in cellular adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we investigated the regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis by small-molecule second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) mimetics that antagonize IAP proteins. Here, we discover that Smac mimetic suppresses tunicamycin (TM)-induced apoptosis via resolution of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress. Smac mimetics such as BV6 selectively inhibit apoptosis triggered by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of protein N-glycosylation using TM or knockdown of DPAGT1, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of protein N-glycosylation. In contrast, BV6 does not rescue cell death induced by other typical ER stressors (i.e., thapsigargin (TG), dithiothreitol, brefeldin A, bortezomib, or 2-deoxyglucose). The protection from TM-triggered apoptosis is found for structurally different Smac mimetics and for genetic knockdown of cellular IAP (cIAP) proteins in several cancer types, underlining the broader relevance. Interestingly, lectin microarray profiling reveals that BV6 counteracts TM-imposed inhibition of protein glycosylation. BV6 consistently abolishes TM-stimulated accumulation of ER stress markers such as glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and reduces protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) phosphorylation and X box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) splicing upon TM treatment. BV6-stimulated activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) contributes to the resolution of ER stress, since NF-κB inhibition by overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα superrepressor counteracts the suppression of TM-stimulated transcriptional activation of CHOP and GRP78 by BV6. Thus, our study is the first to show that Smac mimetic protects from TM-triggered apoptosis by resolving the UPR and ER stress. This provides new insights into the regulation of cellular stress responses by Smac mimetics.
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10
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Spano C, Grisendi G, Golinelli G, Rossignoli F, Prapa M, Bestagno M, Candini O, Petrachi T, Recchia A, Miselli F, Rovesti G, Orsi G, Maiorana A, Manni P, Veronesi E, Piccinno MS, Murgia A, Pinelli M, Horwitz EM, Cascinu S, Conte P, Dominici M. Soluble TRAIL Armed Human MSC As Gene Therapy For Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1788. [PMID: 30742129 PMCID: PMC6370785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still one of the most aggressive adult cancers with an unacceptable prognosis. For this reason novel therapies accounting for PDAC peculiarities, such as the relevant stromal reaction, are urgently needed. Here adipose mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AD-MSC) have been armed to constantly release a soluble trimeric and multimeric variant of the known anti-cancer TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL). This cancer gene therapy strategy was in vitro challenged demonstrating that sTRAIL was thermally stable and able to induce apoptosis in the PDAC lines BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and against primary PDAC cells. sTRAIL released by AD-MSC relocated into the tumor stroma was able to significantly counteract tumor growth in vivo with a significant reduction in tumor size, in cytokeratin-7+ cells and by an anti-angiogenic effect. In parallel, histology on PDAC specimens form patients (n = 19) was performed to investigate the levels of TRAIL DR4, DR5 and OPG receptors generating promising insights on the possible clinical translation of our approach. These results indicate that adipose MSC can very efficiently vehicle a novel TRAIL variant opening unexplored opportunities for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Spano
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Golinelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossignoli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Malvina Prapa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Bestagno
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Olivia Candini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Recchia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Miselli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Rovesti
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Orsi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Manni
- Department of Diagnostic and Clinical Medicine and of Public Health, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Alba Murgia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pierfranco Conte
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenerology University of Padova, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. .,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy. .,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy.
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Thibault B, Genre L, Le Naour A, Broca C, Mery E, Vuagniaux G, Delord JP, Wiedemann N, Couderc B. DEBIO 1143, an IAP inhibitor, reverses carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells and triggers apoptotic or necroptotic cell death. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17862. [PMID: 30552344 PMCID: PMC6294826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of ovarian cancer (it is the leading cause of death from gynecological cancers) is mainly due to the acquisition of resistance to carboplatin. Among the possible resistance pathways, resistance to apoptosis and especially the overexpression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) cIAP1 and X-linked IAP (XIAP), have been implicated. DEBIO 1143, a SMAC (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) mimetic, belongs to a new class of targeted agents currently being evaluated in clinical trials, which activate apoptotic cell death and block pro-survival signaling in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate that DEBIO 1143 in vitro inhibits the cell viability of two carboplatin-sensitive cell lines (IGROV-1 and A2780S) as well as three carboplatin-resistant cell lines (A2780R, SKOV-3 and EFO-21). Of note, DEBIO 1143 is able to reverse resistance to carboplatin by inducing cell death either by apoptosis or necroptosis depending on the cell lines. To identify a biomarker able to predict the sensitivity of the cell lines to DEBIO 1143 treatment we analyzed the expression of the DEBIO 1143 targets cIAP1 and XIAP, and one of their downstream targets, caspase 9. These proteins did not constitute a marker of DEBIO 1143 sensitivity/resistance. Importantly, we confirmed these findings in vivo in SKOV-3 xenograft models where DEBIO 1143 highly potentiated carboplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Thibault
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Ludivine Genre
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Augustin Le Naour
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Clothilde Broca
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Eliane Mery
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean Pierre Delord
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Bettina Couderc
- Institut Claudius Regaud - IUCT Oncopole, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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12
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Gundlach JP, Hauser C, Schlegel FM, Böger C, Röder C, Röcken C, Becker T, Egberts JH, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. Cytoplasmic TRAIL-R1 is a positive prognostic marker in PDAC. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:777. [PMID: 30064384 PMCID: PMC6069838 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The death receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 are frequently overexpressed in cancer and there is an emerging evidence for their important role in malignant progression, also in the case of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In their canonical localization at the plasma membrane, TRAIL-R1/−R2 may induce cell death and/or pro-inflammatory signaling leading to cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Although, they have repeatedly been found intracellular, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, their functions in intracellular locations are still not well understood. Likewise, studies dealing with the prognostic relevance of TRAIL-Rs located in particular cellular compartments are very rare. For PDAC, the correlation of nuclear TRAIL-R2 with worse patients’ prognosis has been shown recently. Corresponding data on TRAIL-R1 are not available so far. Methods In the present study we analyzed the expression of TRAIL-R1 in 106 PDACs and 28 adjacent, peritumoral non-malignant pancreatic ducts with special emphasis on its cytoplasmic and nuclear localization and correlated the immunohistochemical findings with clinico-pathological patient characteristics. Results TRAIL-R1 was found in 93.4% of all PDAC samples. Cytoplasmic staining was present with very similar intensity in tumor and normal tissue. In contrast, nuclear TRAIL-R1 staining was significantly stronger in tumor compared to normal tissue (p = 0.006). Interestingly, we found that the number of cells with cytoplasmic TRAIL-R1 staining negatively correlates with tumor grading (p = 0.043). No such correlation could be detected for nuclear TRAIL-R1. Neither, cytoplasmic nor nuclear TRAIL-R1 staining showed a correlation with other clinico-pathological parameter such as pTNM categories. However, Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed significantly prolonged median survival of patients with positive cytoplasmic TRAIL-R1 expression in more than 80% of tumor cells compared to patients with tumors containing a smaller quantity of cells positively stained for cytoplasmic TRAIL-R1 (20 vs. 8 months; p = 0.004). Conclusion Cytoplasmic TRAIL-R1 is a positive prognostic marker for patients with PDAC. Our findings indicate that loss of cytoplasmic TRAIL-R1 results in recurrent disease with more malignant phenotype thus suggesting anti-tumor activities of cytoplasmic TRAIL-R1 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Haus 18, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Haus 18, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franka Maria Schlegel
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3 (Haus 17), D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Böger
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3 (Haus 17), D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Haus 14, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Haus 18, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Egberts
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Haus 18, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3 (Haus 17), D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3, Haus 18, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller Str. 3 (Haus 17), D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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13
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Should We Keep Walking along the Trail for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment? Revisiting TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand for Anticancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030077. [PMID: 29562636 PMCID: PMC5876652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in oncology, diagnosis, and therapy, treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still exceedingly challenging. PDAC remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Poor prognosis is due to the aggressive growth behavior with early invasion and distant metastasis, chemoresistance, and a current lack of adequate screening methods for early detection. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Many hopes for cancer treatment have been placed in the death ligand tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) since it was reported to induce apoptosis selectively in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. TRAIL triggers apoptosis through binding of the trans-membrane death receptors TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) also death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) also death receptor 5 (DR5) thereby inducing the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and activation of the apoptotic cascade. Unlike chemotherapeutics, TRAIL was shown to be able to induce apoptosis in a p53-independent manner, making TRAIL a promising anticancer approach for p53-mutated tumors. These cancer-selective traits of TRAIL led to the development of TRAIL-R agonists, categorized into either recombinant variants of TRAIL or agonistic antibodies against TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. However, clinical trials making use of these agonists in various tumor entities including pancreatic cancer were disappointing so far. This is thought to be caused by TRAIL resistance of numerous primary tumor cells, an insufficient agonistic activity of the drug candidates tested, and a lack of suitable biomarkers for patient stratification. Nevertheless, recently gained knowledge on the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system might now provide the chance to overcome intrinsic or acquired resistance against TRAIL and TRAIL-R agonists. In this review, we summarize the status quo of clinical studies involving TRAIL-R agonists for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and critically discuss the suitability of utilizing the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system for successful treatment.
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14
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Nahacka Z, Svadlenka J, Peterka M, Ksandrova M, Benesova S, Neuzil J, Andera L. TRAIL induces apoptosis but not necroptosis in colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells preferentially via the TRAIL-R2/DR5 receptor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:522-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Dufour F, Rattier T, Constantinescu AA, Zischler L, Morlé A, Ben Mabrouk H, Humblin E, Jacquemin G, Szegezdi E, Delacote F, Marrakchi N, Guichard G, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Vacher P, Legembre P, Garrido C, Micheau O. TRAIL receptor gene editing unveils TRAIL-R1 as a master player of apoptosis induced by TRAIL and ER stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9974-9985. [PMID: 28039489 PMCID: PMC5354785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL induces selective tumor cell death through TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. Despite the fact that these receptors share high structural homologies, induction of apoptosis upon ER stress, cell autonomous motility and invasion have solely been described to occur through TRAIL-R2. Using the TALEN gene-editing approach, we show that TRAIL-R1 can also induce apoptosis during unresolved unfolded protein response (UPR). Likewise, TRAIL-R1 was found to co-immunoprecipitate with FADD and caspase-8 during ER stress. Its deficiency conferred resistance to apoptosis induced by thaspigargin, tunicamycin or brefeldin A. Our data also demonstrate that tumor cell motility and invasion-induced by TRAIL-R2 is not cell autonomous but induced in a TRAIL-dependant manner. TRAIL-R1, on the other hand, is unable to trigger cell migration owing to its inability to induce an increase in calcium flux. Importantly, all the isogenic cell lines generated in this study revealed that apoptosis induced TRAIL is preferentially induced by TRAIL-R1. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the physiological functions of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and suggest that targeting TRAIL-R1 for anticancer therapy is likely to be more appropriate owing to its lack of pro-motile signaling capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Dufour
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Rattier
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Andrei Alexandru Constantinescu
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Luciana Zischler
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Pós-graduação emCiências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Univ. Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aymeric Morlé
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hazem Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Etienne Humblin
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Jacquemin
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Department of Biochemistry and National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, UMR 5248, CBMN, Institut Européen de Chimie et de Biologie, Pessac, France
| | | | - Pierre Vacher
- INSERM U1218, Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, INSERM ER440 Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, Rennes, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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16
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Fulda S. Therapeutic opportunities based on caspase modulation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 82:150-157. [PMID: 29247787 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are a family of proteolytic enzymes that play a critical role in the regulation of programmed cell death via apoptosis. Activation of caspases is frequently impaired in human cancers, contributing to cancer formation, progression and therapy resistance. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating caspase activation in cancer cells is therefore highly important. Thus, targeted modulation of caspase activation and apoptosis represents a promising approach for the development of new therapeutic options to elucidate cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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A Novel Fully Human Agonistic Single Chain Fragment Variable Antibody Targeting Death Receptor 5 with Potent Antitumor Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102064. [PMID: 28953230 PMCID: PMC5666746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonistic antibodies, which bind specifically to death receptor 5 (DR5), can trigger apoptosis in tumor cells through the extrinsic pathway. In this present study, we describe the use of a phage display to isolate a novel fully human agonistic single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibody, which targets DR5. After five rounds of panning a large (1.2 × 108 clones) phage display library on DR5, a total of over 4000 scFv clones were screened by the phage ELISA. After screening for agonism in a cell-viability assay in vitro, a novel DR5-specific scFv antibody TR2-3 was isolated, which inhibited COLO205 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cell growth without any cross-linking agents. The activity of TR2-3 in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells was evaluated by using an Annexin V-PE apoptosis detection kit in combination with flow cytometry and the Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide double staining analysis. In addition, the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis was evaluated by Western blot assays. The results indicated that TR2-3 induced robust apoptosis of the COLO205 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, while it remarkably upregulated the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Furthermore, TR2-3 suppressed the tumor growth significantly in the xenograft model. Taken together, these data suggest that TR2-3 exhibited potent antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. This work provides a novel human antibody, which might be a promising candidate for cancer therapy by targeting DR5.
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18
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Sun L, Chen C, Zhu A, Huang Y, Zhu H, Yi C. TRAIL mutant membrane penetrating peptide alike-MuR6-TR enhances the antitumor effects of TRAIL in pancreatic carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1468-1476. [PMID: 28487979 PMCID: PMC5428941 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To remedy the drug resistance of natural tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and enhance its antitumor effects, we prepared a type of TRAIL mutant membrane penetrating peptide alike (TMPPA)‑TRAIL mutant R6 (MuR6-TR) by mutating the N‑terminal of the soluble TRAIL gene sequence. The expressed MuR6‑TR protein was purified to treat pancreatic carcinoma cell lines BxPC‑3 and PANC‑1. The inhibitory effects on the proliferation of BxPC‑3 and PANC‑1 cells was assessed with CCK‑8 assay and compared with natural TRAIL. The antitumor effect of MuR6‑TR was assessed on implant tumors derived from PANC‑1 cells in nude mice and compared with gemcitabine. Finally, the soluble MuR6‑TR gene was successfully mutated with 4 amino acids in the N‑terminal of TRAIL and had a molecular size of 513 bp. The mutant MuR6‑TR was connected to pET32a and verified by enzymatic digestion and sequencing. The recombinant MuR6‑TR was transformed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The CCK‑8 assay results indicated that MuR6‑TR inhibited the growth of BxPC‑3 and PANC‑1 cells in a dose‑dependent manner, with IC50 values of 4.63 and 7.84 ng/ml, respectively, which were much lower than that of natural TRAIL. MuR6‑TR demonstrated a higher inhibitory effect on tumor growth (24.2%) than natural TRAIL (14.4%) and an effect similar to that of gemcitabine at an early period. Thus, the mutant MuR6‑TR exhibited a stronger antitumor effect than that of natural TRAIL both in vivo and in vitro and may have potential therapeutic value for pancreatic carcinoma, which requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
- No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Aijing Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
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19
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Beyer K, Partecke LI, Roetz F, Fluhr H, Weiss FU, Heidecke CD, von Bernstorff W. LPS promotes resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:30. [PMID: 28572836 PMCID: PMC5450120 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Though TRAIL has been hailed as a promising drug for tumour treatment, it has been observed that many tumour cells have developed escape mechanisms against TRAIL-induced apoptosis. As a receptor of LPS, TLR 4, which is expressed on a variety of cancer cells, can be associated with TRAIL-resistance of tumour cells and tumour progression as well as with the generation of an anti-tumour immune response. Methods In this study, the sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis as well as the influence of LPS-co-stimulation on the cell viability of the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, BxPC-3 and COLO 357 was examined by FACS analyses and a cell viability assay. Subsequently, the expression of TRAIL-receptors was detected via FACS analyses. Levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) were also determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results PANC-1 cells were shown to be resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This was accompanied by significantly increased osteoprotegerin levels and a significantly decreased expression of DR4. In contrast, TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in COLO 357 cells and to a lesser degree in BxPC-3 cells. Co-stimulation of COLO 357 as well as BxPC-3 cells combining TRAIL and LPS resulted in a significant decrease in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In COLO 357 cells TRAIL-stimulation decreased the levels of OPG thereby not altering the expression of the TRAIL-receptors 1–4 resulting in a high susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Co-stimulation with LPS and TRAIL completely reversed the effect of TRAIL on OPG levels reaching a 2-fold increase beyond the level of non-stimulated cells resulting in a lower susceptibility to apoptosis. In BxPC-3, TRAIL stimulation decreased the expression of DR4 and significantly increased the decoy receptors TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 leading to a decrease in TRAIL-induced apoptosis. OPG levels remained unchanged. Co-stimulation with TRAIL and LPS further enhanced the changes in TRAIL-receptor-expression promoting apoptosis resistance. Conclusions Here it has been shown that TRAIL-resistance in pancreatic cancer cells can be mediated by the inflammatory molecule LPS as well as by different expression patterns of functional and non-functional TRAIL-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Beyer
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Ivo Partecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felicitas Roetz
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Herbert Fluhr
- Department of Medicine A, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Heidecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfram von Bernstorff
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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20
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von Karstedt S, Montinaro A, Walczak H. Exploring the TRAILs less travelled: TRAIL in cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:352-366. [PMID: 28536452 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis of cancer cells without causing toxicity in mice has led to the in-depth study of pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) signalling and the development of biotherapeutic drug candidates that activate TRAIL-Rs. The outcome of clinical trials with these TRAIL-R agonists has, however, been disappointing so far. Recent evidence indicates that many cancers, in addition to being TRAIL resistant, use the endogenous TRAIL-TRAIL-R system to their own advantage. However, novel insight on two fronts - how resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL-based pro-apoptotic therapies might be overcome, and how the pro-tumorigenic effects of endogenous TRAIL might be countered - gives reasonable hope that the TRAIL system can be harnessed to treat cancer. In this Review we assess the status quo of our understanding of the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system - as well as the gaps therein - and discuss the opportunities and challenges in effectively targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia von Karstedt
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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21
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Belkahla H, Herlem G, Picaud F, Gharbi T, Hémadi M, Ammar S, Micheau O. TRAIL-NP hybrids for cancer therapy: a review. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5755-5768. [PMID: 28443893 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide health problem. It is now considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. In the last few decades, considerable progress has been made in anti-cancer therapies, allowing the cure of patients suffering from this disease, or at least helping to prolong their lives. Several cancers, such as those of the lung and pancreas, are still devastating in the absence of therapeutic options. In the early 90s, TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily, attracted major interest in oncology owing to its selective anti-tumor properties. Clinical trials using soluble TRAIL or antibodies targeting the two main agonist receptors (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2) have, however, failed to demonstrate their efficacy in the clinic. TRAIL is expressed on the surface of natural killer or CD8+ T activated cells and contributes to tumor surveillance. Nanoparticles functionalized with TRAIL mimic membrane-TRAIL and exhibit stronger antitumoral properties than soluble TRAIL or TRAIL receptor agonist antibodies. This review provides an update on the association and the use of nanoparticles associated with TRAIL for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Belkahla
- Nanomedicine Lab, EA 4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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22
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Nogueira DR, Yaylim I, Aamir Q, Kahraman OT, Fayyaz S, Kamran-ul-Hassan Naqvi S, Farooqi AA. TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:5977-82. [PMID: 25124560 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the years has progressively shown substantial broadening of the tumor necrosis factor alpha- related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated signaling landscape. Increasingly it is being realized that pancreatic cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Suppression of tumor suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, epigenetic silencing, and loss of apoptosis are some of the extensively studied underlying mechanisms. Rapidly accumulating in vitro and in vivo evidence has started to shed light on the resistance mechanisms in pancreatic cancer cells. More interestingly a recent research has opened new horizons of miRNA regulation by DR5 in pancreatic cancer cells. It has been shown that DR5 interacts with the core microprocessor components Drosha and DGCR8, thus impairing processing of primary let-7. Xenografting DR5 silenced pancreatic cancer cells in SCID-mice indicated that there was notable suppression of tumor growth. There is a paradigm shift in our current understanding of TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer cells that is now adding new layers of concepts into the existing scientific evidence. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of recent advances in TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer as evidenced byfindings of in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, we discuss nanotechnological advances with emphasis on PEG-TRAIL and four-arm PEG cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels to improve availability of TRAIL at target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil E-mail :
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23
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Fulda S. Smac Mimetics to Therapeutically Target IAP Proteins in Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 330:157-169. [PMID: 28215531 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins are overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Therefore, they are considered as promising targets for the design of therapeutic strategies. Smac mimetics mimic the endogenous mitochondrial protein Smac that antagonizes IAP proteins upon its release into the cytosol. Multiple preclinical studies have documented the ability of Smac mimetics to either directly induce cell death of cancer cells or to prime them to agents that trigger cell death. At present, several Smac mimetics are being evaluated in early clinical trials. The current review provides an overview on the potential of Smac mimetics as cancer therapeutics to target IAP proteins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Radke DI, Ungefroren H, Helm O, Voigt S, Alp G, Braun H, Hübner S, Dilchert J, Sebens S, Adam D, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. Negative control of TRAIL-R1 signaling by transforming growth factor β1 in pancreatic tumor cells involves Smad-dependent down regulation of TRAIL-R1. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1652-62. [PMID: 27492861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by both, overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)β and resistance of the tumor cells to many apoptosis-inducing stimuli. The latter negatively impacts the outcome of therapeutic efforts and represents one important mechanism which tumor cells utilize to escape the immune surveillance. Since TGFβ acts as a tumor promoter in advanced tumor stages and suppression of apoptosis is a known driver of tumor progression, it is possible that TGFβ functions as a crucial determinant of tumor cell sensitivity to apoptosis in PDAC. Here, we have studied the impact of TGFβ on TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced signaling in PDAC cells. In TGFβ-responsive Panc1 and Colo357 cells, TGFβ1 reduced total and plasma membrane-associated levels of TRAIL-R1 but not those of TRAIL-R2. Consistent with the known predominant role of TRAIL-R1 in TRAIL-mediated signaling in PDAC, TGFβ1 inhibited TRAIL-induced DISC formation and apoptosis as well as phosphorylation of MAPKs and IκBα. Similarly, it also reduced signaling of TRAIL-R1 following its specific activation with an agonistic antibody. In contrast, specific TRAIL-R2 signaling remained unchanged. The TGFβ1 effect on TRAIL-R1 expression was mimicked by ectopic expression of a kinase-active version of the TGFβ type I receptor ALK5 (ALK5-T204D) but not by ALK5 double mutant lacking the ability to phosphorylate Smad proteins (RImL45-T204D). Moreover, TGFβ regulation of TRAIL-R1 was absent in two PDAC cell lines lacking the Smad4 gene DPC4 and siRNA-mediated silencing of Smad4 in Smad4-positive Panc1 cells abolished the TGFβ-mediated decrease in TRAIL-R1 expression, together showing that ALK5/Smad4 signaling is crucial for TGFβ regulation of TRAIL-R1 expression. Our results suggest a novel tumor-promoting function of TGFβ1. By downregulating TRAIL-R1, TGFβ1 may not only promote tumor escape from immune surveillance but also negatively impact on TRAIL- or TRAIL-R1-based therapy regimens for treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Radke
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, UKSH and University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susann Voigt
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gökhan Alp
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hendrik Braun
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hübner
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janine Dilchert
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; Clinic for General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Hannes S, Abhari BA, Fulda S. Smac mimetic triggers necroptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells when caspase activation is blocked. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins block programmed cell death and are expressed at high levels in various human cancers, thus making them attractive targets for cancer drug development. Second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) mimetics are small-molecule inhibitors that mimic Smac, an endogenous antagonist of IAP proteins. Preclinical studies have shown that Smac mimetics can directly trigger cancer cell death or, even more importantly, sensitize tumor cells for various cytotoxic therapies, including conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or novel agents. Currently, several Smac mimetics are under evaluation in early clinical trials as monotherapy or in rational combinations (i.e., GDC-0917/CUDC-427, LCL161, AT-406/Debio1143, HGS1029, and TL32711/birinapant). This review discusses the promise as well as some challenges at the translational interface of exploiting Smac mimetics as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Shekhar TM, Miles MA, Gupte A, Taylor S, Tascone B, Walkley CR, Hawkins CJ. IAP antagonists sensitize murine osteosarcoma cells to killing by TNFα. Oncotarget 2016; 7:33866-86. [PMID: 27129149 PMCID: PMC5085125 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes for patients diagnosed with the bone cancer osteosarcoma have not improved significantly in the last four decades. Only around 60% of patients and about a quarter of those with metastatic disease survive for more than five years. Although DNA-damaging chemotherapy drugs can be effective, they can provoke serious or fatal adverse effects including cardiotoxicity and therapy-related cancers. Better and safer treatments are therefore needed. We investigated the anti-osteosarcoma activity of IAP antagonists (also known as Smac mimetics) using cells from primary and metastatic osteosarcomas that arose spontaneously in mice engineered to lack p53 and Rb expression in osteoblast-derived cells. The IAP antagonists SM-164, GDC-0152 and LCL161, which efficiently target XIAP and cIAPs, sensitized cells from most osteosarcomas to killing by low levels of TNFα but not TRAIL. RIPK1 expression levels and activity correlated with sensitivity. RIPK3 levels varied considerably between tumors and RIPK3 was not required for IAP antagonism to sensitize osteosarcoma cells to TNFα. IAP antagonists, including SM-164, lacked mutagenic activity. These data suggest that drugs targeting XIAP and cIAP1/2 may be effective for osteosarcoma patients whose tumors express abundant RIPK1 and contain high levels of TNFα, and would be unlikely to provoke therapy-induced cancers in osteosarcoma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay M. Shekhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A. Miles
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ankita Gupte
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Scott Taylor
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Brianna Tascone
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl R. Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Christine J. Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Marine Drugs Regulating Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6884-909. [PMID: 26580630 PMCID: PMC4663558 DOI: 10.3390/md13116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biomass diversity is a tremendous source of potential anticancer compounds. Several natural marine products have been described to restore tumor cell sensitivity to TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death. TRAIL is involved during tumor immune surveillance. Its selectivity for cancer cells has attracted much attention in oncology. This review aims at discussing the main mechanisms by which TRAIL signaling is regulated and presenting how marine bioactive compounds have been found, so far, to overcome TRAIL resistance in tumor cells.
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Yu R, Albarenque SM, Cool RH, Quax WJ, Mohr A, Zwacka RM. DR4 specific TRAIL variants are more efficacious than wild-type TRAIL in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1658-66. [PMID: 25482930 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.972183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for pancreatic carcinoma afford only modest survival benefits. TRAIL, as a potent and specific inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells, would be a promising new treatment option. However, since not all pancreatic cancer cells respond to TRAIL, further improvements and optimizations are still needed. One strategy to improve the effectiveness of TRAIL-based therapies is to specifically target one of the 2 cell death inducing TRAIL-receptors, TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 to overcome resistance. To this end, we designed constructs expressing soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) variants that were rendered specific for either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 by amino acid changes in the TRAIL ectodomain. When we expressed these constructs, including wild-type sTRAIL (sTRAIL(wt)), TRAIL-R1 (sTRAIL(DR4)) and TRAIL-R2 (sTRAIL(DR5)) specific variants, in 293 producer cells we found all to be readily expressed and secreted into the supernatant. These supernatants were subsequently transferred onto target cancer cells and apoptosis measured. We found that the TRAIL-R1 specific variant had higher apoptosis-inducing activity in human pancreatic carcinoma Colo357 cells as well as PancTu1 cells that were additionally sensitized by targeting of XIAP. Finally, we tested TRAIL-R1 specific recombinant TRAIL protein (rTRAIL(DR4)) on Colo357 xenografts in nude mice and found them to be more efficacious than rTRAIL(wt). Our results demonstrate the benefits of synthetic biological approaches and show that TRAIL-R1 specific variants can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that they can possibly become part of individualized and tumor specific combination treatments in the future.
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Key Words
- AML, Acute myeloid leukemia
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance between groups
- Apoptosis
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin
- Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- CMV, Cytomegalie virus
- CuZnSOD, Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DR4 specific TRAIL variant
- EGFP, Enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FADD, Fas-associated protein with death domain
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FIB, Fibrillin
- FLIP, FLICE-like inhibitory protein
- Furin CS, Furin cleavage site
- IFN-g, Interferon-gamma
- ILZ, Isoleucine zipper
- MSC, Mesenchymal stem cell
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OPG, Osteoprogerin
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RPMI 1640 medium, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium
- SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SDS-PAGE, SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SEM, Standard error of the mean
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TRAIL
- TRAIL receptor
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-receptor 1/Death – receptor 4
- TRAIL-R2/DR5, TRAIL-receptor 2/ Death – receptor 5
- TRAIL-R3/DcR1, TRAIL-receptor 3/Decoy-receptor 1
- TRAIL-R4/DcR2, TRAIL-receptor 4/Decoy-receptor 2
- XIAP
- XIAP, X-linked Inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- pancreatic cancer
- rTRAIL, recombinant TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sTRAIL, soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sh-sequence, short-hairpin sequence
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- a National University of Ireland; Galway; National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Apoptosis Research Centre; Molecular Therapeutics Group ; Galway , Ireland
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Mohr A, Yu R, Zwacka RM. TRAIL-receptor preferences in pancreatic cancer cells revisited: Both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 have a licence to kill. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:494. [PMID: 26138346 PMCID: PMC4489125 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRAIL is a potent and specific inducer of apoptosis in tumour cells and therefore is a possible new cancer treatment. It triggers apoptosis by binding to its cognate, death-inducing receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. In order to increase its activity, receptor-specific ligands and agonistic antibodies have been developed and some cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, have been reported to respond preferentially to TRAIL-R1 triggering. The aim of the present study was to examine an array of TRAIL-receptor specific variants on a number of pancreatic cancer cells and test the generality of the concept of TRAIL-R1 preference in these cells. METHODS TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 specific sTRAIL variants were designed and tested on a number of pancreatic cancer cells for their TRAIL-receptor preference. These sTRAIL variants were produced in HEK293 cells and were secreted into the medium. After having measured and normalised the different sTRAIL variant concentrations, they were applied to pancreatic and control cancer cells. Twenty-four hours later apoptosis was measured by DNA hypodiploidy assays. Furthermore, the specificities of the sTRAIL variants were validated in HCT116 cells that were silenced either for TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. RESULTS Our results show that some pancreatic cancer cells use TRAIL-R1 to induce cell death, whereas other pancreatic carcinoma cells such as AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells trigger apoptosis via TRAIL-R2. This observation extended to cells that were naturally TRAIL-resistant and had to be sensitised by silencing of XIAP (Panc1 cells). The measurement of TRAIL-receptor expression by FACS revealed no correlation between receptor preferences and the relative levels of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 on the cellular surface. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TRAIL-receptor preferences in pancreatic cancer cells are variable and that predictions according to cancer type are difficult and that determining factors to inform the optimal TRAIL-based treatments still have to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mohr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Rui Yu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.
| | - Ralf M Zwacka
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
As the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins are expressed at high levels in human cancers, they represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Small-molecule inhibitors of IAP proteins mimicking the endogenous IAP antagonist Smac, called Smac mimetics, neutralize IAP proteins and thereby promote the induction of cell death. Smac mimetics have been shown in preclinical models of human cancer to directly trigger cancer cell death or to sensitize for cancer cell death induced by a variety of cytotoxic stimuli. Smac mimetics are currently undergoing clinical evaluation in phase I/II trials, demonstrating that therapeutic targeting of IAP proteins has reached the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstr. 3a, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bai L, Smith DC, Wang S. Small-molecule SMAC mimetics as new cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:82-95. [PMID: 24841289 PMCID: PMC4247261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated cellular process and faulty regulation of apoptosis is a hallmark of human cancers. Targeting key apoptosis regulators with the goal to restore apoptosis in tumor cells has been pursued as a new cancer therapeutic strategy. XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2, members of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, are critical regulators of cell death and survival and are attractive targets for new cancer therapy. The SMAC/DIABLO protein is an endogenous antagonist of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2. In the last decade, intense research efforts have resulted in the design and development of several small-molecule SMAC mimetics now in clinical trials for cancer treatment. In this review, we will discuss the roles of XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 in regulation of cell death and survival, and the design and development of small-molecule SMAC mimetics as novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchuan Bai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David C Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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van Roosmalen IAM, Quax WJ, Kruyt FAE. Two death-inducing human TRAIL receptors to target in cancer: similar or distinct regulation and function? Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:447-56. [PMID: 25150214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence during evolution of two tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, receptor-1/DR4 and -2/DR5, able to induce apoptosis has raised the question whether they differ in function and regulation, which is of key importance for selecting either DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agents for cancer treatment. In this review we found practically no information regarding possible differences in DR4 and DR5 function based on structural differences. On the other hand, a panel of different DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agonists have been developed that were explored for efficacy in different tumour types in a large number of studies. Leukemic cells appear mainly sensitive for DR4-induced apoptosis, contrasting the situation in other tumour types that show heterogeneity in receptor preference and, in some cases, a slight overall preference for DR5. Both receptors were found to mediate intracellular stress-induced apoptosis, although this is most frequently reported for DR5. Interestingly, DR5 was also found to transmit non-apoptotic signalling in resistant tumour cells and recently nuclear localization and a role in microRNA maturation has been described. DR4 expression is most heavily regulated by promoter methylation, intracellular trafficking and post-translational modifications. DR5 expression is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level, which may reflect its ability to respond to cellular stressors. It will be important to further increase our understanding of the mechanisms determining TRAIL receptor preference in order to select the appropriate TRAIL receptor selective agonists for therapy, and to develop novel strategies to enhance apoptosis activation in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A M van Roosmalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are overexpressed in multiple human malignancies, an event that is associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance. Therefore, IAP proteins represent relevant targets for therapeutic intervention. Second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) is a mitochondrial protein that is released into the cytosol upon the induction of programmed cell death and promotes apoptosis by neutralizing IAP proteins. On the basis of this property, a variety of small-molecule inhibitors have been developed that mimic the binding domain of the native Smac protein to IAP proteins. Evaluation of these Smac mimetics in preclinical studies revealed that they particularly synergize together with agents that trigger the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. Such combinations might therefore be of special interest for being included in the ongoing evaluation of Smac mimetics in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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35
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Differential activity of GSK-3 isoforms regulates NF-κB and TRAIL- or TNFα induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1142. [PMID: 24675460 PMCID: PMC4067531 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells, many tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), display intrinsic resistance, highlighting the need for TRAIL-sensitizing agents. Here we report that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in PDA cell lines is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) or by shRNA-mediated depletion of either GSK-3α or GSK-3β. In contrast, depletion of GSK-3β, but not GSK-3α, sensitized PDA cell lines to TNFα-induced cell death. Further experiments demonstrated that TNFα-stimulated IκBα phosphorylation and degradation as well as p65 nuclear translocation were normal in GSK-3β-deficient MEFs. Nonetheless, inhibition of GSK-3β function in MEFs or PDA cell lines impaired the expression of the NF-κB target genes Bcl-xL and cIAP2, but not IκBα. Significantly, the expression of Bcl-xL and cIAP2 could be reestablished by expression of GSK-3β targeted to the nucleus but not GSK-3β targeted to the cytoplasm, suggesting that GSK-3β regulates NF-κB function within the nucleus. Consistent with this notion, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that GSK-3 inhibition resulted in either decreased p65 binding to the promoter of BIR3, which encodes cIAP2, or increased p50 binding as well as recruitment of SIRT1 and HDAC3 to the promoter of BCL2L1, which encodes Bcl-xL. Importantly, depletion of Bcl-xL but not cIAP2, mimicked the sensitizing effect of GSK-3 inhibition on TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas Bcl-xL overexpression ameliorated the sensitization by GSK-3 inhibition. These results not only suggest that GSK-3β overexpression and nuclear localization contribute to TNFα and TRAIL resistance via anti-apoptotic NF-κB genes such as Bcl-xL, but also provide a rationale for further exploration of GSK-3 inhibitors combined with TRAIL for the treatment of PDA.
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Zhang JS, Herreros-Villanueva M, Herreros-Vilanueva M, Koenig A, Deng Z, de Narvajas AAM, Gomez TS, Meng X, Bujanda L, Ellenrieder V, Li XK, Kaufmann SH, Billadeau DD. Differential activity of GSK-3 isoforms regulates NF-κB and TRAIL- or TNFα induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014. [PMID: 24675460 PMCID: PMC4454316 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J-S Zhang
- 1] Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA [2] School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | | | - M Herreros-Vilanueva
- 1] Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA [2] Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A Koenig
- 1] Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA [2] Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Z Deng
- 1] Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA [2] Department of Pathophysiology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - A A-M de Narvajas
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T S Gomez
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - X Meng
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - L Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - V Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - X K Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - S H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research and Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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CD70-restricted specific activation of TRAILR1 or TRAILR2 using scFv-targeted TRAIL mutants. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1035. [PMID: 24481449 PMCID: PMC4040681 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To combine the CD27 stimulation inhibitory effect of blocking CD70 antibodies with an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-independent, cell death-inducing activity for targeting of CD70-expressing tumors, we evaluated here fusion proteins of the apoptosis-inducing TNF family member TRAIL and a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a high-affinity llama-derived anti-human CD70 antibody (lαhCD70). A fusion protein of scFv:lαhCD70 with TNC-TRAIL, a stabilized form of TRAIL, showed strongly enhanced apoptosis induction upon CD70 binding and furthermore efficiently interfered with CD70-CD27 interaction. Noteworthy, introduction of recently identified mutations that discriminate between TRAILR1 and TRAILR2 binding into the TRAIL part of scFv:lαhCD70-TNC-TRAIL resulted in TRAIL death receptor-specific fusion proteins with CD70-restricted activity.
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Kim SM, Woo JS, Jeong CH, Ryu CH, Jang JD, Jeun SS. Potential application of temozolomide in mesenchymal stem cell-based TRAIL gene therapy against malignant glioma. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:172-82. [PMID: 24436439 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills tumor cells, it is one of the most promising candidates for cancer treatment. TRAIL-secreting human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-TRAIL) provide targeted and prolonged delivery of TRAIL in glioma therapy. However, acquired resistance to TRAIL of glioma cells is a major problem to be overcome. We showed a potential therapy that used MSC-TRAIL combined with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). The antitumor effects of the combination with MSC-TRAIL and TMZ on human glioma cells were determined by using an in vitro coculture system and an in vivo experimental xenografted mouse model. Intracellular signaling events that are responsible for the TMZ-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis were also evaluated. Treatment of either TRAIL-sensitive or -resistant human glioma cells with TMZ and MSC-TRAIL resulted in a significant enhancement of apoptosis compared with the administration of each agent alone. We demonstrated that TMZ effectively increased the sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated upregulation of the death receptor 5 and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins, such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein. Subsequently, this combined treatment resulted in a substantial increase in caspase activation. Furthermore, in vivo survival experiments and bioluminescence imaging analyses showed that treatment using MSC-TRAIL combined with TMZ had greater therapeutic efficacy than did single-agent treatments. These results suggest that the combination of clinically relevant TMZ and MSC-TRAIL is a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Muk Kim
- Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, and Catholic Institute of Cell Therapy, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Fulda S. Molecular pathways: targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in cancer--from molecular mechanism to therapeutic application. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:289-95. [PMID: 24270683 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins play a critical role in the control of survival and cell death by regulating key signaling events such as caspase activation and NF-κB signaling. Because aberrantly high expression of IAP proteins represents a frequent oncogenic event in human cancers, therapeutic targeting of IAP proteins is considered as a promising approach. Several small-molecule pharmacologic inhibitors of IAP proteins that mimic the binding domain of the endogenous IAP antagonist second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) to IAP proteins have been developed over the past few years. IAP antagonists have been shown in various preclinical cancer models to either directly initiate cell death or, alternatively, to prime cancer cells for cytotoxic therapies by lowering the threshold for cell death induction. IAP antagonists (i.e., GDC-0917/CUDC-427, LCL161, AT-406, HGS1029, and TL32711) are currently under evaluation in early clinical trials alone or in combination regimens. Thus, the concept to therapeutically target IAP proteins in human cancer has in principle been successfully transferred into a clinical setting and warrants further evaluation as a treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fulda
- Author's Affiliation: Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Micheau O, Shirley S, Dufour F. Death receptors as targets in cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 169:1723-44. [PMID: 23638798 PMCID: PMC3753832 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Anti-tumour therapies based on the use pro-apoptotic receptor agonists, including TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or monoclonal antibodies targeting TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2, have been disappointing so far, despite clear evidence of clinical activity and lack of adverse events for the vast majority of these compounds, whether combined or not with conventional or targeted anti-cancer therapies. This brief review aims at discussing the possible reasons for the lack of apparent success of these therapeutic approaches and at providing hints in order to rationally design optimal protocols based on our current understanding of TRAIL signalling regulation or resistance for future clinical trials. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.169.issue-8.
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Audo R, Combe B, Hahne M, Morel J. The two directions of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2013; 63:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, lung cancer accounts for one third of all cancer-related deaths, underlining the need of development of new therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to specifically home into tumours and their metastases. This property of MSCs could be exploited for the delivery of various anti-tumour agents directly into tumours. However, MSCs are not simple delivery vehicles but cells with active physiological process. This review outlines various agents which can be delivered by MSCs with substantial emphasis on TRAIL (tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
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Gallmeier E, Bader DC, Kriegl L, Berezowska S, Seeliger H, Göke B, Kirchner T, Bruns C, De Toni EN. Loss of TRAIL-receptors is a recurrent feature in pancreatic cancer and determines the prognosis of patients with no nodal metastasis after surgery. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56760. [PMID: 23460812 PMCID: PMC3584093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agonistic antibodies targeting TRAIL-receptors 1 and 2 (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2) are being developed as a novel therapeutic approach in cancer therapy including pancreatic cancer. However, the cellular distribution of these receptors in primary pancreatic cancer samples has not been sufficiently investigated and no study has yet addressed the issue of their prognostic significance in this tumor entity. AIMS AND METHODS Applying tissue microarray (TMA) analysis, we performed an immunohistochemical assessment of TRAIL-receptors in surgical samples from 84 consecutive patients affected by pancreatic adenocarcinoma and in 26 additional selected specimens from patients with no lymph nodes metastasis at the time of surgery. The prognostic significance of membrane staining and staining intensity for TRAIL-receptors was evaluated. RESULTS The fraction of pancreatic cancer samples with positive membrane staining for TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 was lower than that of cells from surrounding non-tumor tissues (TRAIL-R1: p<0.001, TRAIL-R2: p = 0.006). In addition, subgroup analyses showed that loss of membrane staining for TRAIL-R2 was associated with poorer prognosis in patients without nodal metastases (multivariate Cox regression analysis, Hazard Ratio: 0.44 [95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.87]; p = 0.019). In contrast, analysis of decoy receptors TRAIL-R3 and -R4 in tumor samples showed an exclusively cytoplasmatic staining pattern and no prognostic relevance. CONCLUSION This is a first report on the prognostic significance of TRAIL-receptors expression in pancreatic cancer showing that TRAIL-R2 might represent a prognostic marker for patients with early stage disease. In addition, our data suggest that loss of membrane-bound TRAIL-receptors could represent a molecular mechanism for therapeutic failure upon administration of TRAIL-receptors-targeting antibodies in pancreatic cancer. This hypothesis should be evaluated in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Gallmeier
- Department of Medicine 2, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik C. Bader
- Department of Medicine 2, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lydia Kriegl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Seeliger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine 2, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N. De Toni
- Department of Medicine 2, University Hospital Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Delivery of sTRAIL variants by MSCs in combination with cytotoxic drug treatment leads to p53-independent enhanced antitumor effects. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e503. [PMID: 23429289 PMCID: PMC3734822 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to infiltrate tumor tissues and thereby effectively deliver gene therapeutic payloads. Here, we engineered murine MSCs (mMSCs) to express a secreted form of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is a potent inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells, and tested these MSCs, termed MSC.sTRAIL, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drug treatment in colon cancer models. When we pretreated human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells with low doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and added MSC.sTRAIL, we found significantly increased apoptosis as compared with single-agent treatment. Moreover, HCT116 xenografts, which were cotreated with 5-FU and systemically delivered MSC.sTRAIL, went into remission. Noteworthy, this effect was protein 53 (p53) independent and was mediated by TRAIL-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) upregulation, demonstrating the applicability of this approach in p53-defective tumors. Consequently, when we generated MSCs that secreted TRAIL-R2-specific variants of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL), we found that such engineered MSCs, labeled MSC.sTRAIL(DR5), had enhanced antitumor activity in combination with 5-FU when compared with MSC.sTRAIL. In contrast, TRAIL-resistant pancreatic carcinoma PancTu1 cells responded better to MSC.sTRAIL(DR4) when the antiapoptotic protein XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) was silenced concomitantly. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TRAIL-receptor selective variants can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-delivered TRAIL as part of individualized and tumor-specific combination treatments.
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Zhou DH, Yang LN, Roder C, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. TRAIL-induced expression of uPA and IL-8 strongly enhanced by overexpression of TRAF2 and Bcl-xL in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013; 12:94-8. [PMID: 23392805 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The death ligand, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), induces apoptosis and non-apoptotic signaling in some tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of the pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, as well as Bcl-xL and TRAF2 in TRAIL-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and the invasion-promoting protein urokinase (uPA) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. METHODS Colo357wt, Colo357/TRAF2, Colo357/Bcl-xL, Panc89 and PancTuI cells were stimulated with TRAIL and uPA and IL-8 expression was detected using real-time PCR. Antagonistic, receptor-specific antibodies were used to investigate the effects of TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 inhibition. RESULTS Dose-dependent increases in uPA and IL-8 expression were detected following TRAIL stimulation in PDAC cells. These effects were inhibited when TRAIL-R1 but not TRAIL-R2 was blocked. Overexpression of TRAF2 or Bcl-xL strongly increased TRAIL-mediated upregulation of uPA and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS In PDAC cells, TRAIL strongly induced uPA and IL-8 via TRAIL-R1. This response was further enhanced in cells overexpressing TRAF2 and Bcl-xL. Therefore, inhibition of the non-apoptotic "side-effects" of TRAIL treatments by inactivation of TRAF2 and Bcl-xL might represent additional relevant strategies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Immunoglobulin-like transcript receptors on human dermal CD14+ dendritic cells act as a CD8-antagonist to control cytotoxic T cell priming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18885-90. [PMID: 23112154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205785109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Langerhans cells (LCs) are highly efficient at priming cytolytic CD8(+) T cells compared with dermal CD14(+) dendritic cells (DCs). Here we show that dermal CD14(+) DCs instead prime a fraction of naïve CD8(+) T cells into cells sharing the properties of type 2 cytokine-secreting CD8(+) T cells (TC2). Differential expression of the CD8-antagonist receptors on dermal CD14(+) DCs, the Ig-like transcript (ILT) inhibitory receptors, explains the difference between the two types of DCs. Inhibition of CD8 function on LCs inhibited cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and enhanced TC2 generation. In addition, blocking ILT2 or ILT4 on dermal CD14(+) DCs enhanced the generation of CTLs and inhibited TC2 cytokine production. Lastly, addition of soluble ILT2 and ILT4 receptors inhibited CTL priming by LCs. Thus, ILT receptor expression explains the polarization of CD8(+) T-cell responses by LCs vs. dermal CD14(+) DCs.
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Basit F, Humphreys R, Fulda S. RIP1 protein-dependent assembly of a cytosolic cell death complex is required for inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) inhibitor-mediated sensitization to lexatumumab-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38767-77. [PMID: 22927431 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.398966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Searching for new strategies to trigger apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), we investigated the effect of two novel classes of apoptosis-targeting agents, i.e. monoclonal antibodies against TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 1 (mapatumumab) and TRAIL receptor 2 (lexatumumab) and small-molecule inhibitors of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins. Here, we report that IAP inhibitors synergized with lexatumumab, but not with mapatumumab, to reduce cell viability and to induce apoptosis in several RMS cell lines in a highly synergistic manner (combination index <0.1). Cotreatment-induced apoptosis was accompanied by enhanced activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3; loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; and caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, IAP inhibitor and lexatumumab cooperated to stimulate the assembly of a cytosolic complex containing RIP1, FADD, and caspase-8. Importantly, knockdown of RIP1 by RNA interference prevented the formation of the RIP1·FADD·caspase-8 complex and inhibited subsequent activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3; loss of mitochondrial membrane potential; and apoptosis upon treatment with IAP inhibitor and lexatumumab. In addition, RIP1 silencing rescued clonogenic survival of cells treated with the combination of lexatumumab and IAP inhibitor, thus underscoring the critical role of RIP1 in cotreatment-induced apoptosis. By comparison, the TNFα-blocking antibody Enbrel had no effect on IAP inhibitor/lexatumumab-induced apoptosis, indicating that an autocrine TNFα loop is dispensable. By demonstrating that IAP inhibitors and lexatumumab synergistically trigger apoptosis in a RIP1-dependent but TNFα-independent manner in RMS cells, our findings substantially advance our understanding of IAP inhibitor-mediated regulation of TRAIL-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Basit
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
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RIP1 is required for IAP inhibitor-mediated sensitization for TRAIL-induced apoptosis via a RIP1/FADD/caspase-8 cell death complex. Oncogene 2012; 32:3263-73. [PMID: 22890322 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins represent promising therapeutic targets due to their high expression in many cancers. Here, we report that small-molecule IAP inhibitors at subtoxic concentrations cooperate with monoclonal antibodies against TRAIL receptor 1 (Mapatumumab) or TRAIL-R2 (Lexatumumab) to induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells in a highly synergistic manner (combination index <0.1). Importantly, we identify receptor-activating protein 1 (RIP1) as a critical mediator of this synergism. RIP1 is required for the formation of a RIP1/FADD/caspase-8 complex that drives caspase-8 activation, cleavage of Bid into tBid, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, full activation of caspase-3 and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Indeed, knockdown of RIP1 abolishes formation of the RIP1/FADD/caspase-8 complex, caspase activation and apoptosis upon combination treatment. Similarly, inhibition of RIP1 kinase activity by Necrostatin-1 inhibits IAP inhibitor- and TRAIL receptor-triggered apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of the dominant-negative superrepressor IκBα-SR or addition of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-blocking antibody Enbrel do not interfere with cotreatment-induced apoptosis, pointing to a nuclear factor-κB- and TNFα-independent mechanism. Of note, IAP inhibitor also sensitizes primary cultured neuroblastoma cells for TRAIL receptor-mediated loss of viability, underscoring the clinical relevance. By identifying RIP1 as a critical mediator of IAP inhibitor-mediated sensitization for Mapatumumab- or Lexatumumab-induced apoptosis, our findings provide new insights into the synergistic interaction of IAP inhibitors together with TRAIL receptor agonists.
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LaCasse EC. Pulling the plug on a cancer cell by eliminating XIAP with AEG35156. Cancer Lett 2012; 332:215-24. [PMID: 22776562 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
XIAP, the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, is the best example of an endogenous cellular suppressor of apoptosis. XIAP is effective because it directly limits the activity of several critical death-inducing caspases, notably caspase-3, -7 and -9, either by direct enzyme inhibition or through ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, XIAP acts simultaneously at several nodes in the apoptotic cascade, blocking both the intrinsic and extrinsic death pathways, and thereby preventing feed-forward amplification loops that would otherwise lead to cell death. XIAP over-expression, or increased activity, is associated with cancer progression, resistance to therapy and poor prognosis. Targeting XIAP gene expression by antisense oligonucleotides, or other approaches, demonstrates anti-cancer effects with XIAP down-regulation. These early preclinical studies led to the development of a clinical candidate mixed-backbone antisense oligonucleotide, AEG35156, against XIAP for the treatment of cancer. Published clinical results for the first-in-class and first-in-human trials of AEG35156 are summarized herein, including single agent and combination chemotherapy phase-I or -II trials for solid tumors, lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. These trials demonstrate the safety of AEG35156, as well as some initial promising signs of anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, CHEO RI2, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L1.
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Moniri MR, Sun XY, Rayat J, Dai D, Ao Z, He Z, Verchere CB, Dai LJ, Warnock GL. TRAIL-engineered pancreas-derived mesenchymal stem cells: characterization and cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:652-8. [PMID: 22767216 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted great interest in cancer therapy owing to their tumor-oriented homing capacity and the feasibility of autologous transplantation. Currently, pancreatic cancer patients face a very poor prognosis, primarily due to the lack of therapeutic strategies with an effective degree of specificity. Anticancer gene-engineered MSCs specifically target tumor sites and can produce anticancer agents locally and constantly. This study was performed to characterize pancreas-derived MSCs and investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-engineered MSCs on pancreatic cancer cells under different culture conditions. Pancreas-derived MSCs exhibited positive expression on CD44, CD73, CD95, CD105, negative on CD34 and differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic cells. TRAIL expression was assessed by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Different patterns of TRAIL receptor expression were observed on the pancreatic cancer cell lines, including PANC1, HP62, ASPC1, TRM6 and BXPC3. Cell viability was assessed using a real-time monitoring system. Pancreatic cancer cell death was proportionally related to conditioned media from MSC(nsTRAIL) and MSC(stTRAIL). The results suggest that MSCs exhibit intrinsic inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells and that this effect can be potentiated by TRAIL-transfection on death receptor-bearing cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Moniri
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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