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Huang Z, Fu Y, Yang H, Zhou Y, Shi M, Li Q, Liu W, Liang J, Zhu L, Qin S, Hong H, Liu Y. Liquid biopsy in T-cell lymphoma: biomarker detection techniques and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:36. [PMID: 38365716 PMCID: PMC10874034 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoma is a highly invasive tumor with significant heterogeneity. Invasive tissue biopsy is the gold standard for acquiring molecular data and categorizing lymphoma patients into genetic subtypes. However, surgical intervention is unfeasible for patients who are critically ill, have unresectable tumors, or demonstrate low compliance, making tissue biopsies inaccessible to these patients. A critical need for a minimally invasive approach in T-cell lymphoma is evident, particularly in the areas of early diagnosis, prognostic monitoring, treatment response, and drug resistance. Therefore, the clinical application of liquid biopsy techniques has gained significant attention in T-cell lymphoma. Moreover, liquid biopsy requires fewer samples, exhibits good reproducibility, and enables real-time monitoring at molecular levels, thereby facilitating personalized health care. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current liquid biopsy biomarkers used for T-cell lymphoma, focusing on circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA, antibodies, and cytokines. Additionally, we discuss their clinical application, detection methodologies, ongoing clinical trials, and the challenges faced in the field of liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yehan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214104, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Junheng Liang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Zhu
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huangming Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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2
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You Q, Liang F, Wu G, Cao F, Liu J, He Z, Wang C, Zhu L, Chen X, Yang Y. The Landscape of Biomimetic Nanovesicles in Brain Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306583. [PMID: 37713652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain diseases, such as brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and brain injuries, are caused by various pathophysiological changes, which pose a serious health threat. Brain disorders are often difficult to treat due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Biomimetic nanovesicles (BNVs), including endogenous extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various cells and artificial nanovesicles, possess the ability to penetrate the BBB and thus can be utilized for drug delivery to the brain. BNVs, especially endogenous EVs, are widely distributed in body fluids and usually carry various disease-related signal molecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA, and may also be analyzed to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of brain diseases. This review covers the exhaustive classification and characterization of BNVs and pathophysiological roles involved in various brain diseases, and emphatically focuses on nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for brain disease theranostics, including various diagnosis strategies and precise therapeutic regulations (e.g., immunity regulation, disordered protein clearance, anti-neuroinflammation, neuroregeneration, angiogenesis, and the gut-brain axis regulation). The remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the nanotechnology-integrated BNVs for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases are also discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fuming Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gege Wu
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jingyi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Friendship Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Aslan MK, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Weiss T, Stavrakis S, deMello AJ. Ultrahigh-Throughput, Real-Time Flow Cytometry for Rare Cell Quantification from Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2024; 9:474-482. [PMID: 38171016 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We present an ultrahigh-throughput, real-time fluorescence cytometer comprising a viscoelastic microfluidic system and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) linear image sensor-based detection system. The flow cytometer allows for real-time quantification of a variety of fluorescence species, including micrometer-sized particles and cells, at analytical throughputs in excess of 400,000 species per second. The platform integrates a custom C++ control program and graphical user interface (GUI) to allow for the processing of raw signals, adjustment of processing parameters, and display of fluorescence intensity histograms in real time. To demonstrate the efficacy of the platform for rare event detection and its utility as a basic clinical tool, we measure and quantify patient-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood, realizing that detection has a sensitivity of 6 CTCs per million blood cells (0.000006%) with a volumetric throughput of over 3 mL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kamil Aslan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yingchao Meng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
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4
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Lv W, Fu B, Liu W, Huang W, Li M, Liu Y, Kang Y, Wang J, Bai S, Lu C, Dai X. Efficient detection of single circulating tumor cell in blood using Raman mapping based on Aptamer-SERS bio-probe coupled with micropore membrane filtration. Talanta 2024; 267:125220. [PMID: 37783108 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in human blood still remains a challenge. We present a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method based on aptamer-SERS bio-probe recognition coupled with micropore membrane filtration capture for the detection of CTCs at single cell level. The parylene micropore membrane with optimized micropore size installed on a filtration holder could capture bio-probe labeled CTCs by gravity in less than 10 s, and only with very less white blood cells (WBCs) residual. In order to facilitate the synthesis of the aptamer-SERS bio-probe, ethyl acetate dehydration method was established. The bio-probe can be rapidly synthesized within 2 h by binding SH-aptamer to 4- mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) modified AuNPs with the help of ethyl acetate. The SERS bio-probe with selected specific aptamer could distinguish single human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells from residual WBCs on membrane efficiently and reliably based on their Raman signal intensity difference at 1075 cm-1. Through the filter membrane coupled with aptamer-SERS bio-probe system, even 20 A549 cells in blood solution simulating CTCs sample can be detected, which the recovery rate and recognition rate are more than 90%. This method is rapid, reliable and cost-effective, which indicates a good prospect in clinical application for CTCs detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Boqiang Fu
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wencheng Liu
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Manli Li
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shouli Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology China, Beijing, 100029, China.
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5
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Wang K, Wang X, Pan Q, Zhao B. Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:167. [PMID: 37803304 PMCID: PMC10557192 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies. Surgical resection is a potential curative approach for PC, but most patients are unsuitable for operations when at the time of diagnosis. Even with surgery, some patients may still experience tumour metastasis during the operation or shortly after surgery, as precise prognosis evaluation is not always possible. If patients miss the opportunity for surgery and resort to chemotherapy, they may face the challenging issue of chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, liquid biopsy has shown promising prospects in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment. As a noninvasive detection method, liquid biopsy offers advantages over traditional diagnostic procedures, such as tissue biopsy, in terms of both cost-effectiveness and convenience. The information provided by liquid biopsy helps clinical practitioners understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour occurrence and development, enabling the formulation of more precise and personalized treatment decisions for each patient. This review introduces molecular biomarkers and detection methods in liquid biopsy for PC, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. Additionally, we summarize the applications of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis, treatment response, resistance assessment, and prognostic evaluation of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchun Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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Sun J, Huang X, Chen J, Xiang R, Ke X, Lin S, Xuan W, Liu S, Cao Z, Sun L. Recent advances in deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies. Analyst 2023; 148:4922-4938. [PMID: 37743834 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell sorting is an essential prerequisite for cell research and has great value in life science and clinical studies. Among the many microfluidic cell sorting technologies, label-free methods based on the size of different cell types have been widely studied. However, the heterogeneity in size for cells of the same type and the inevitable size overlap between different types of cells would result in performance degradation in size-based sorting. To tackle such challenges, deformation-assisted technologies are receiving more attention recently. Cell deformability is an inherent biophysical marker of cells that reflects the changes in their internal structures and physiological states. It provides additional dimensional information for cell sorting besides size. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the recent advances in deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies. According to how the deformability is characterized and the form in which the force acts, the technologies can be divided into two categories: (1) the indirect category including transit-time-based and image-based methods, and (2) the direct category including microstructure-based and hydrodynamics-based methods. Finally, the separation performance and the application scenarios of each method, the existing challenges and future outlook are discussed. Deformation-assisted microfluidic cell sorting technologies are expected to realize greater potential in the label-free analysis of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Xiwei Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Rikui Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Xiang Ke
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Siru Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of RF Circuits and Systems, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China.
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Ye X, Zou J, Chen J, Luo S, Zhao Q, Situ B, Zheng L, Wang Q. An Adhesion-based Method for Rapid and Low-cost Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117421. [PMID: 37290614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive monitoring of cancer through circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is hampered long by unsatisfactory CTCs testing techniques. Efficient isolation of CTCs in a rapid and price-favorable way from billions of leukocytes is crucial for testing. METHODS We developed a new method based on the stronger adhesive power of CTCs versus leukocytes to sensitively isolate CTCs. Using a BSA-coated microplate and low-speed centrifuge, this method could easily separate cancer cells within 20 min at a very low cost. RESULT The capture ratio can reach 70.7∼86.6% in various cancer cell lines (breast/lung/liver/cervical/colorectal cancer) covering different EMT phenotypes and cell sizes, demonstrating the potential for efficient pan-cancer CTCs detection. Moreover, the label-free process can well preserve cell viability (∼99%) to fit downstream DNA/RNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS A novel technique for non-destructive and rapid enrichment of CTCs has been devised. It has enabled the successful isolation of rare tumor cells in the patient blood sample and pleural effusion, highlighting a promising future of this method in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Matsumura H, Shen LTW, Isozaki A, Mikami H, Yuan D, Miura T, Kondo Y, Mori T, Kusumoto Y, Nishikawa M, Yasumoto A, Ueda A, Bando H, Hara H, Liu Y, Deng Y, Sonoshita M, Yatomi Y, Goda K, Matsusaka S. Virtual-freezing fluorescence imaging flow cytometry with 5-aminolevulinic acid stimulation and antibody labeling for detecting all forms of circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1561-1575. [PMID: 36648503 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are precursors to cancer metastasis. In blood circulation, they take various forms such as single CTCs, CTC clusters, and CTC-leukocyte clusters, all of which have unique characteristics in terms of physiological function and have been a subject of extensive research in the last several years. Unfortunately, conventional methods are limited in accurately analysing the highly heterogeneous nature of CTCs. Here we present an effective strategy for simultaneously analysing all forms of CTCs in blood by virtual-freezing fluorescence imaging (VIFFI) flow cytometry with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) stimulation and antibody labeling. VIFFI is an optomechanical imaging method that virtually freezes the motion of fast-flowing cells on an image sensor to enable high-throughput yet sensitive imaging of every single event. 5-ALA stimulates cancer cells to induce the accumulation of protoporphyrin (PpIX), a red fluorescent substance, making it possible to detect all cancer cells even if they show no expression of the epithelial cell adhesion molecule, a typical CTC biomarker. Although PpIX signals are generally weak, VIFFI flow cytometry can detect them by virtue of its high sensitivity. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of the strategy, we applied cancer cells spiked in blood to the strategy to demonstrate image-based detection and accurate classification of single cancer cells, clusters of cancer cells, and clusters of a cancer cell(s) and a leukocyte(s). To show the clinical utility of our method, we used it to evaluate blood samples of four breast cancer patients and four healthy donors and identified EpCAM-positive PpIX-positive cells in one of the patient samples. Our work paves the way toward the determination of cancer prognosis, the guidance and monitoring of treatment, and the design of antitumor strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Isozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Mikami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Taichi Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuto Kondo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yoshika Kusumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yasumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aya Ueda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 605-8576, Japan
| | - Hiroko Bando
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hisato Hara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yunjie Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sonoshita
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, China
- CYBO, Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
- Tsukuba Clinical Research and Development Organization, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Mao Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhu N, Zhou X, Li G, Yi Q, Wu Y. Self-assembled supramolecular immunomagnetic nanoparticles through π-π stacking strategy for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad016. [PMID: 37020751 PMCID: PMC10070042 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their high-specific binding toward targets as well as fast and convenient separation operations, immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) are widely used in the capture and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). To construct the IMBs, surface modifications are generally performed to functionalize the magnetic cores (e.g. Fe3O4 nanoparticles), and the employed surface modification strategies normally influence the structure and functions of the prepared IMBs in return. Different from the existing work, we proposed the use of supramolecular layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly strategy to construct the IMBs. In general, owing to the π-π stacking interactions, the polydopamine, graphene oxide and 'molecular glue' γ-oxo-1-pyrenebutyric acid were self-assembled on Fe3O4 nanoparticles sequentially, thereby accomplishing the integration of different functional components onto magnetic cores to prepare the self-assembled supramolecular immunomagnetic beads (ASIMBs). The ASIMBs showed high sensitivity, specificity and good biocompatibility to the model CTCs and low nonspecific adsorption to the negative cells (∼93% for MCF-7 cells and 17% for Jurkat cells). Meanwhile, ASIMBs possessed a remarkable potential to screen the rare MCF-7 cells out of large amounts of interfering Jurkat cells with the capture efficiency of 75-100% or out of mouse whole blood with the capture efficiency of 20-90%. The captured cells can be further recultured directly without any more treatment, which showed huge applicability of the ASIMBs for in vitro detection in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Mao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Nanhang Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guohao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qiangying Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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10
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Tian M, Zhang L, Gao L, Xiao G. A microwave-assisted and efficient reduction protocol for the synthesis of alkyl-substituted [2.2]-paracyclophanes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198231164370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
[2.2]-Paracyclophane derivatives have been promising platforms for applications in biology and materials science. To access pure derivatives thereof, a safe and non-toxic synthetic method for 4- n-propyl-[2.2]-paracyclophane is developed via a microwave-assisted and NH2NH2/KOH reduction route. We introduce microwave-assisted acylation for a synthesis that successfully improves the yield and reduces the reaction time. Notably, an exploration of the length and number of the alkyl chains on the [2.2]-paracyclophane ring did not significantly affect the outcome of this reaction. We synthesized 4- n-butyl-[2.2]-paracyclophane and 4,12-dipropyl-[2.2]-paracyclophane via our protocol with high yields. The regioselectivity of the second electrophilic substitution on 4- n-propyl-[2.2]-paracyclophane occurs at the para position of the less substituted phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guomin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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11
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Raufi AG, May MS, Hadfield MJ, Seyhan AA, El-Deiry WS. Advances in Liquid Biopsy Technology and Implications for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4238. [PMID: 36835649 PMCID: PMC9958987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a climbing incidence. The majority of cases are detected late, with incurable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Even in individuals who undergo resection, recurrence is unfortunately very common. There is no universally accepted screening modality for the general population and diagnosis, evaluation of treatment response, and detection of recurrence relies primarily on the use of imaging. Identification of minimally invasive techniques to help diagnose, prognosticate, predict response or resistance to therapy, and detect recurrence are desperately needed. Liquid biopsies represent an emerging group of technologies which allow for non-invasive serial sampling of tumor material. Although not yet approved for routine use in pancreatic cancer, the increasing sensitivity and specificity of contemporary liquid biopsy platforms will likely change clinical practice in the near future. In this review, we discuss the recent technological advances in liquid biopsy, focusing on circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNAs, and circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Raufi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Michael S. May
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew J. Hadfield
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Attila A. Seyhan
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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12
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Aktar S, Baghaie H, Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Current Status of Circulating Tumor Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:988-1005. [PMID: 36939466 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in the blood of patients with cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The aim is to review the most up-to-date status of CTCs for applications in patients with HNSCC. DATA SOURCES English articles in PubMed. REVIEW METHODS All the studies on CTCs in HNSCCs in the literature were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS There is emerging information on the diagnostic and prognostic value of CTCs in HNSCCs. Evidence also highlights the advantages of various downstream analysis approaches over circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), such as single-CTC analysis, ex vivo, and in vivo expansion of CTCs. Multiple phenotypic surface markers (cytokeratins, EpCAM, vimentin, etc.), used for CTCs characterization using different immunoassays, could predict disease progression as well as patients' response to treatment efficacy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors' status in CTCs could also provide better insight into treatment. Clonal expansion of CTCs and single-cell analysis of CTCs are the most emerging fields nowadays which may offer an understanding of the mechanism of tumor evolution as well as therapeutic efficacy. Although several clinical trials are ongoing, limitations still exist in the detection and characterization of CTCs. Due to the lack of a gold standard protocol, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC enumeration methods vary. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Prospective clinical trials are still needed before CTCs can be employed as diagnostic and prognostic markers in the clinical management of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Aktar
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Hooman Baghaie
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
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13
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Boya M, Sarioglu AF. Cluster-Wells: A Technology for Routine and Rapid Isolation of Extremely Rare Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters from Unprocessed Whole Blood. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2679:255-268. [PMID: 37300622 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3271-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of extremely rare circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters from the bloodstream of patients enables minimally invasive diagnosis and prognosis while providing information on their role in metastasis. A few technologies specifically developed for the enrichment of CTC clusters fail to achieve a high enough processing throughput to be practical in clinical settings or risk damaging large clusters owing to their structural design producing high shear forces. Here, we outline a methodology developed for rapid and effective enrichment of CTC clusters from cancer patients, independent of the cluster size and cell surface markers. Minimally invasive access to tumor cells in hematogenous circulation will be an integral part of cancer screening and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Boya
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Fatih Sarioglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Jiang T, Mei L, Yang X, Sun T, Wang Z, Ji Y. Biomarkers of gastric cancer: current advancement. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10899. [PMID: 36247151 PMCID: PMC9561735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant types worldwide, especially in East Asia. Due to its frequently advanced stage at diagnosis, the mortality from GC is high and the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. Thus, early detection using effective screening approaches is vital to decrease the morbidity and mortality of GC. Interestingly, biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prediction of sensitivity to treatment, and prognosis in GC. The potential biomarkers detectable in liquid biopsies such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), microRNAs, and exosomes reveal numerous information regarding the early prediction and the outcomes for GC patients. Additionally, using the novel serum biomarkers has opened up new opportunities for diagnosing and monitoring patients with GC. This review mainly summarizes the novel progress and approaches in GC biomarkers, which could be potentially used for early diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Meanwhile, we also discussed the advantages, disadvantages, and future perspectives of GC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tingkai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Scientific Research Center and Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China,Corresponding author.
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15
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Kobayashi S, Sugasaki A, Yamamoto Y, Shigenoi Y, Udaka A, Yamamoto A, Tanaka M. Enrichment of Cancer Cells Based on Antibody-Free Selective Cell Adhesion. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4547-4556. [PMID: 36153975 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blood-compatible and cell-adhering polymer materials are extremely useful for regenerative medicine and disease diagnosis. (Meth)acryl polymers with high hydrophilicity have been widely used in industries, and attempts to apply these polymers in the medical field are frequently reported. We focused on crosslinked polymer films prepared using bifunctional monomers, which are widely used as coating materials, and attempted to alter the cell adhesion behavior while maintaining blood compatibility by changing the chemical structure of the crosslinker. Four bifunctional monomers were studied, three of which were found to be blood-compatible polymers and to suppress platelet adhesion. The adhesion behavior of cancer cells to polymer films varied; moreover, the cancer model cells MCF-7 [EpCAM(+)] and MDA-MB-231 [EpCAM (-)], with different expression levels of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), showed distinct adhesion behavior for each material. We suggest that a combination of these materials has the potential to selectively capture and enrich highly metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugasaki
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 4000 Kawashiri, Yoshida-cho, Haibara-gun, Shizuoka421-0396, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa258-0022, Japan
| | - Yuta Shigenoi
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratories, FUJIFILM Corporation, 4000 Kawashiri, Yoshida-cho, Haibara-gun, Shizuoka421-0396, Japan
| | - Airi Udaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Aki Yamamoto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka819-0395, Japan
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16
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An ultra-thin silicon nitride membrane for label-free CTCs isolation from whole blood with low WBC residue. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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ALCAM: A Novel Surface Marker on EpCAMlow Circulating Tumor Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081983. [PMID: 36009530 PMCID: PMC9405826 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Current strategies in circulating tumor cell (CTC) isolation in pancreatic cancer heavily rely on the EpCAM and cytokeratin cell status. EpCAM is generally not considered a good marker given its transitory change during Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) or reverse EMT. There is a need to identify other surface markers to capture the complete repertoire of PDAC CTCs. The primary objective of the study is to characterize alternate surface biomarkers to EpCAM on CTCs that express low or negligible levels of surface EpCAM in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: Flow cytometry and surface mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins expressed on the surface of PDAC CTCs in culture. CTCs were grown under conditions of attachment and in co-culture with naïve neutrophils. Putative biomarkers were then validated in GEMMs and patient samples. Results: Surface proteomic profiling of CTCs identified several novel protein biomarkers. ALCAM was identified as a novel robust marker in GEMM models and in patient samples. Conclusions: We identified several novel surface biomarkers on CTCs expressed under differing conditions of culture. ALCAM was validated and identified as a novel alternate surface marker on EpCAMlow CTCs.
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18
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High throughput, label-free isolation of circulating tumor cell clusters in meshed microwells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3385. [PMID: 35697674 PMCID: PMC9192591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremely rare circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters are both increasingly appreciated as highly metastatic precursors and virtually unexplored. Technologies are primarily designed to detect single CTCs and often fail to account for the fragility of clusters or to leverage cluster-specific markers for higher sensitivity. Meanwhile, the few technologies targeting CTC clusters lack scalability. Here, we introduce the Cluster-Wells, which combines the speed and practicality of membrane filtration with the sensitive and deterministic screening afforded by microfluidic chips. The >100,000 microwells in the Cluster-Wells physically arrest CTC clusters in unprocessed whole blood, gently isolating virtually all clusters at a throughput of >25 mL/h, and allow viable clusters to be retrieved from the device. Using the Cluster-Wells, we isolated CTC clusters ranging from 2 to 100+ cells from prostate and ovarian cancer patients and analyzed a subset using RNA sequencing. Routine isolation of CTC clusters will democratize research on their utility in managing cancer. Metastatic CTC clusters remain relatively unexplored due to the lack of optimized and practical technologies for their detection. Here the authors report Cluster-Wells to isolate CTC clusters in whole blood; they show this allows viable cluster retrieval for further molecular and functional analysis.
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19
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Sun Y, Li H, Cui G, Wu X, Yang M, Piao Y, Bai Z, Wang L, Kraft M, Zhao W, Wen L. A magnetic nanoparticle assisted microfluidic system for low abundance cell sorting with high recovery. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Kong X, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Li S, Jia Y, Li R, Liu Y, Xie Z. Specific Tumor Cell Detection by a Metabolically Targeted Aggregation-Induced Emission-Based Gold Nanoprobe. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18073-18084. [PMID: 35664593 PMCID: PMC9161387 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be widely used for early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of tumor progression in liquid biopsy samples. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells exhibit relatively strong negative surface charges due to the high rate of glycolysis. In this study, a cationic fluorescence "turn-on" aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoprobe based on gold nanorods (GNRs) was designed and tested to detect tumor cells specifically. In brief, tetraphenylethene (TPE), an AIE dye, was conjugated to the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) yielding TPEI. TPEI-PEG-SH was obtained by further functionalizing TPEI with a thiol group. TPEI-PEG-SH was grafted to the surface of GNRs, yielding the cationic AIE nanoprobe, named as GNRs-PEG-TPEI. The nanoprobe was characterized to have a uniform particle size of 172 nm, a strong positive surface charge (+54.87 mV), and a surface modification load of ∼40%. The in vitro stability of GNRs-PEG-TPEI was verified. The cellular imaging results demonstrated that the nanoprobe could efficiently recognize several types of tumor cells including MCF-7, HepG2, and Caco-2 while exhibiting specific fluorescence signals only after interacting with tumor cells and minimal background interference. In addition, the study investigated the toxicity of the nanoprobe to the captured cells and proved the safety of the nanoprobe. In conclusion, a specific and efficient nanoprobe was developed for capture and detection of different types of tumor cells based on their unique metabolic characteristics. It holds great promise for achieving early diagnosis and monitoring the tumor progression by detecting the CTCs in clinical liquid biopsy samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Siju Li
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizhen Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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21
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Li C, He W, Wang N, Xi Z, Deng R, Liu X, Kang R, Xie L, Liu X. Application of Microfluidics in Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907232. [PMID: 35646880 PMCID: PMC9133555 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of cancer incidence and death worldwide. In the process of tumor metastasis, the isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Due to the rarity and inherent heterogeneity of CTCs, there is an urgent need for reliable CTCs separation and detection methods in order to obtain valuable information on tumor metastasis and progression from CTCs. Microfluidic technology is increasingly used in various studies of CTCs separation, identification and characterization because of its unique advantages, such as low cost, simple operation, less reagent consumption, miniaturization of the system, rapid detection and accurate control. This paper reviews the research progress of microfluidic technology in CTCs separation and detection in recent years, as well as the potential clinical application of CTCs, looks forward to the application prospect of microfluidic technology in the treatment of tumor metastasis, and briefly discusses the development prospect of microfluidic biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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22
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Liu Y, Li R, Zhang L, Guo S. Nanomaterial-Based Immunocapture Platforms for the Recognition, Isolation, and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850241. [PMID: 35360401 PMCID: PMC8964261 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a type of cancer cells that circulate in the peripheral blood after breaking away from solid tumors and are essential for the establishment of distant metastasis. Up to 90% of cancer-related deaths are caused by metastatic cancer. As a new type of liquid biopsy, detecting and analyzing CTCs will provide insightful information for cancer diagnosis, especially the in-time disease status, which would avoid some flaws and limitations of invasive tissue biopsy. However, due to the extremely low levels of CTCs among a large number of hematologic cells, choosing immunocapture platforms for CTC detection and isolation will achieve good performance with high purity, selectivity, and viability. These properties are directly associated with precise downstream analysis of CTC profiling. Recently, inspired by the nanoscale interactions of cells in the tissue microenvironment, platforms based on nanomaterials have been widely explored to efficiently enrich and sensitively detect CTCs. In this review, various immunocapture platforms based on different nanomaterials for efficient isolation and sensitive detection of CTCs are outlined and discussed. First, the design principles of immunoaffinity nanomaterials are introduced in detail. Second, the immunocapture and release of platforms based on nanomaterials ranging from nanoparticles, nanostructured substrates, and immunoaffinity microfluidic chips are summarized. Third, recent advances in single-cell release and analysis of CTCs are introduced. Finally, some perspectives and challenges are provided in future trends of CTC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Zhang, ; Shishang Guo,
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Zhang, ; Shishang Guo,
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Recent advances in isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells with a microfluidic system. Se Pu 2022; 40:213-223. [PMID: 35243831 PMCID: PMC9404083 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.07009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Li H, Li J, Zhang Z, Guo Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Guo Q, Li C, Li C, Yao J, Zheng A, Xu J, Gao Q, Zhang W, Zhou L. Integrated microdevice with a windmill-like hole array for the clog-free, efficient, and self-mixing enrichment of circulating tumor cells. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35251688 PMCID: PMC8844004 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have tremendous potential to indicate disease progression and monitor therapeutic response using minimally invasive approaches. Considering the limitations of affinity strategies based on their cost, effectiveness, and simplicity, size-based enrichment methods that involve low-cost, label-free, and relatively simple protocols have been further promoted. Nevertheless, the key challenges of these methods are clogging issues and cell aggregation, which reduce the recovery rates and purity. Inspired by the natural phenomenon that the airflow around a windmill is disturbed, in this study, a windmill-like hole array on the SU-8 membrane was designed to perturb the fluid such that cells in a fluid would be able to self-mix and that the pressure acting on cells or the membrane would be dispersed to allow a greater velocity. In addition, based on the advantages of fluid coatings, a lipid coating was used to modify the membrane surface to prevent cell aggregation and clogging of the holes. Under the optimal conditions, recovery rates of 93% and 90% were found for A549 and HeLa cells in a clinical simulation test of our platform with a CTC concentration of 20-100 cells per milliliter of blood. The white blood cell (WBC) depletion rate was 98.7% (n = 15), and the CTC detection limit was less than 10 cells per milliliter of blood (n = 6). Moreover, compared with conventional membrane filtration, the advantages of the proposed device for the rapid (2 mL/min) and efficient enrichment of CTCs without clogging were shown both experimentally and theoretically. Due to its advantages in the efficient, rapid, uniform, and clog-free enrichment of CTCs, our platform offers great potential for metastatic detection and therapy analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Jinze Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, 528000 Foshan, China
| | - Changsong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 215153 Suzhou, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518000 Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Suzhou CASENS Co., Ltd, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Anran Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Qingxue Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 260026 Hefei, China
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Suzhou CASENS Co., Ltd, 215163 Suzhou, China
- Jinan Guoke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd, 250001 Jinan, China
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Xu K, Jiao X, Wang P, Chen C, Chen C. Isolation of circulating tumor cells based on magnetophoresis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Danila DC. Liquid biopsy as a cancer biomarker-potential, and challenges. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Antibody-engineered red blood cell interface for high-performance capture and release of circulating tumor cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 11:32-40. [PMID: 34938910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as important liquid biopsy target, can provide valuable information for cancer progress monitoring and individualized treatment. However, current isolation platforms incapable of balancing capture efficiency, specificity, cell viability, and gentle release have restricted the clinical applications of CTCs. Herein, inspired by the structure and functional merits of natural membrane interfaces, we established an antibody-engineered red blood cell (RBC-Ab) affinity interface on microfluidic chip for high-performance isolation and release of CTCs. The lateral fluidity, pliability, and anti-adhesion property of the RBC microfluidic interface enabled efficient CTCs capture (96.5%), high CTCs viability (96.1%), and high CTCs purity (average 4.2-log depletion of leukocytes). More importantly, selective lysis of RBCs by simply changing the salt concentration was utilized to destroy the affinity interface for efficient and gentle release of CTCs without nucleic acid contamination. Using this chip, CTCs were successfully detected in colon cancer samples with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity (20 patients and 10 healthy individuals). After the release process, KRAS gene mutations of CTCs were identified from all the 5 cancer samples, which was consistent with the results of tissue biopsy. We expect this RBC interface strategy will inspire further biomimetic interface construction for rare cell analysis.
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28
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Fu X, Tao L, Zhang X. A chimeric virus-based probe unambiguously detects live circulating tumor cells with high specificity and sensitivity. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:78-86. [PMID: 34631928 PMCID: PMC8476710 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current methods for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) suffer from several drawbacks. We report a novel method that is based on a chimeric virus probe and can detect CTCs with extremely high specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, it exclusively detects live CTCs, and its detection efficacy is not impacted by the variation of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression. The chimeric virus probe is composed of a capsid from human papillomavirus that provides the detection with high specificity and an SV40-based genome that can amplify extensively inside CTCs and, hence, endows the detection with high sensitivity. Furthermore, different marker genes can be incorporated into the probe to provide detection with versatility. These unique capabilities will likely improve the validity and utility of this CTC detection in several clinical applications, which is one of the drawbacks suffered by many of the current CTC detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Fu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Nuclear Receptor and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Lihua Tao
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Nuclear Receptor and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xiaoliu Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Nuclear Receptor and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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29
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Tan Z. A review of enrichment methods for circulating tumor cells: from single modality to hybrid modality. Analyst 2021; 146:7048-7069. [PMID: 34709247 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis as a liquid biopsy can be used for early diagnosis of cancer, evaluating cancer progression, and assessing treatment efficacy. The enrichment of CTCs from patient blood is important for CTC analysis due to the extreme rarity of CTCs. This paper updates recent advances in CTC enrichment methods. We first review single-modality methods, including biophysical and biochemical methods. Hybrid-modality methods, combining at least two single-modality methods, are gaining increasing popularity for their improved performance. Then this paper reviews hybrid-modality methods, which are categorized into integrated and sequenced hybrid-modality methods. The state of the art indicates that the CTC capture efficiencies of integrated hybrid-modality methods can reach 85% or higher by taking advantage of the superimposed and enhanced capture effects from multiple single-modality methods. Moreover, a hybrid method integrating biophysical with biochemical methods is characterized by both high processing rate and high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Yifu Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Zhongchao Tan
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Hu M, Wang Z, Wu Z, Ding P, Pei R, Wang Q, Xing C. Circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:197-213. [PMID: 34802071 PMCID: PMC8770420 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality across the globe. Although serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA-199) have been prevalently used as biomarkers in various cancers, they are neither very sensitive nor highly specific. Repeated tissue biopsies at different times of the disease can be uncomfortable for cancer patients. Additionally, the existence of tumor heterogeneity and the results of local biopsy provide limited information about the overall tumor biology. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to look for reliable and noninvasive biomarkers of CRC. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which depart from a primary tumor, enter the bloodstream, and imitate metastasis, have a great potential for precision medicine in patients with CRC. Various efficient CTC isolation platforms have been developed to capture and identify CTCs. The count of CTCs, as well as their biological characteristics and genomic heterogeneity, can be used for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response in CRC. This study reviewed the existing CTC isolation techniques and their applications in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CRC. The study also presented their limitations and provided future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215228, China
| | - Zhili Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zeen Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pi Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215228, China.
| | - Chungen Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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31
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He S, Wei J, Ding L, Yang X, Wu Y. State-of-the-arts techniques and current evolving approaches in the separation and detection of circulating tumor cell. Talanta 2021; 239:123024. [PMID: 34952370 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that shed from the primary tumor and then enter the circulatory system, a small part of which may evolve into metastatic cancer under appropriate microenvironment conditions. The detection of CTCs is a truly noninvasive, dynamic monitor for disease changes, which has considerable clinical implications in the selection of targeted drugs. However, their inherent rarity and heterogeneity pose significant challenges to their isolation and detection. Even the "gold standard", CellSearch™, suffers from high expenses, low capture efficiency, and the consumption of time. With the advancement of CTCs analysis technologies in recent years, the yield and efficiency of CTCs enrichment have gradually been improved, as well as detection sensitivity. In this review, the isolation and detection strategies of CTCs have been completely described and the potential directions for future research and development have also been highlighted through analyzing the challenges faced by current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian He
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jinlan Wei
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lihua Ding
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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32
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Sharma U, Medina-Saenz K, Miller PC, Troness B, Spartz A, Sandoval-Leon A, Parke DN, Seagroves TN, Lippman ME, El-Ashry D. Heterotypic clustering of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitates breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:63-80. [PMID: 34216317 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critical drivers of breast cancer (BC) malignancy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) travel through hematogenous routes to establish metastases. CTCs circulate both individually and, more rarely, in clusters with other cell types. Clusters of CTCs have higher metastatic potential than single CTCs. Previously, we identified circulating CAFs (cCAFs) in patients with BC and found that while healthy donors had no CTCs or cCAFs, both were present in most Stage IV patients. cCAFs circulate individually, as cCAF-cCAF homotypic clusters, and in heterotypic clusters with CTCs. METHODS In this study, we evaluate CTCs, cCAFs, and heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in patients with stage I-IV BC. We evaluate the association of heterotypic clusters with BC disease progression and metastasis in a spontaneous mouse model. Using previously established primary BC and CAF cell lines, we examine the metastatic propensity of heterotypic cCAF-CTC clusters in orthotopic and tail vein xenograft mouse models of BC. Using an in vitro clustering assay, we determine factors that may be involved in clustering between CAF and BC cells. RESULTS We report that the dissemination of CTCs, cCAFs, and clusters is an early event in BC progression, and we find these clusters in all clinical stages of BC. Furthermore, cCAFs-CTC heterotypic clusters have a higher metastatic potential than homotypic CTC clusters in vivo. We also demonstrate that the adhesion and stemness marker CD44, found on a subset of CTCs and CAF cells, is involved in heterotypic clustering of these cells. CONCLUSION We identify a novel subset of circulating tumor cell clusters that are enriched with stromal CAF cells in BC patient blood and preclinical mouse models of BC metastasis. Our data suggest that clustering of CTCs with cCAFs augments their metastatic potential and that CD44 might be an important mediator of heterotypic clustering of cCAFs and BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Sharma
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelsie Medina-Saenz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Philip C Miller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin Troness
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ana Sandoval-Leon
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deanna N Parke
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany N Seagroves
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marc E Lippman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St. SE Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Yu Z, Song M, Chouchane L, Ma X. Functional Genomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133276. [PMID: 34208889 PMCID: PMC8268362 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastasis remains the greatest cause of fatalities in breast cancer patients world-wide. The process of metastases is highly complex, and the current research efforts in this area are still rather fragmented. The revolution of genomic profiling methods to analyze samples from human and animal models dramatically improved our understanding of breast cancer metastasis. This article summarizes the recent breakthroughs in genomic analyses of breast cancer metastasis and discusses their implications for prognostic and therapeutic applications. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers worldwide and is the second cause of cancer related death in women. The most frequent cause of BC-related deaths, like many cancers, is metastasis. However, metastasis is a complicated and poorly understood process for which there is a shortage of accurate prognostic indicators and effective treatments. With the rapid and ever-evolving development and application of genomic sequencing technologies, many novel molecules were identified that play previously unappreciated and important roles in the various stages of metastasis. In this review, we summarize current advancements in the functional genomic analysis of BC metastasis and discuss about the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications from the recent genomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (X.M.)
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (X.M.)
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Fukuyama S, Kumamoto S, Nagano S, Hitotsuya S, Yasuda K, Kitamura Y, Iwatsuki M, Baba H, Ihara T, Nakanishi Y, Nakashima Y. Detection of cancer cells in whole blood using a dynamic deformable microfilter and a nucleic acid aptamer. Talanta 2021; 228:122239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Circulating Tumor Cells from Enumeration to Analysis: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112723. [PMID: 34072844 PMCID: PMC8198976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With estimated numbers of 1–10 per mL of blood, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are extremely rare compared to white (a few million) or red (billions) blood cells. Given their critical role in metastasis, CTCs have enormous potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment response. There are now efforts to characterize CTCs more precisely through molecular and functional analysis, expanding the CTC effort from one of diagnosis and prognosis to now include the use of CTCs to specifically target cancers and discover therapeutic solutions, establishing CTCs as critical in precision medicine. This article summarizes current knowledge about CTC isolation technologies and discusses the translational benefits of different types of downstream analysis approaches, including single-CTC analysis, ex vivo expansion of CTCs, and characterization of CTC-associated cells. Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as a major contributor to distant metastasis. Their unique role as metastatic seeds renders them a potential marker in the circulation for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as monitoring of therapeutic response. In the past decade, researchers mainly focused on the development of isolation techniques for improving the recovery rate and purity of CTCs. These developed techniques have significantly increased the detection sensitivity and enumeration accuracy of CTCs. Currently, significant efforts have been made toward comprehensive molecular characterization, ex vivo expansion of CTCs, and understanding the interactions between CTCs and their associated cells (e.g., immune cells and stromal cells) in the circulation. In this review, we briefly summarize existing CTC isolation technologies and specifically focus on advances in downstream analysis of CTCs and their potential applications in precision medicine. We also discuss the current challenges and future opportunities in their clinical utilization.
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SHEN CC, WU CK, CHEN YH, WANG JX, YANG MH, ZHANG H. Advance in Novel Methods for Enrichment and Precise Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(21)60089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Xu S, Wu L, Qin Y, Jiang Y, Sun K, Holcomb C, Gravett MG, Vojtech L, Schiro PG, Chiu DT. Sequential Ensemble-Decision Aliquot Ranking Isolation and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Identification of Rare Cells from Blood by Using Concentrated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3196-3201. [PMID: 33528996 PMCID: PMC9901914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and analysis of circulating rare cells is a promising approach for early detection of cancer and other diseases and for prenatal diagnosis. Isolation of rare cells is usually difficult due to their heterogeneity as well as their low abundance in peripheral blood. We previously reported a two-stage ensemble-decision aliquot ranking platform (S-eDAR) for isolating circulating tumor cells from whole blood with high throughput, high recovery rate (>90%), and good purity (>70%), allowing detection of low surface antigen-expressing cancer cells linked to metastasis. However, due to the scarcity of these cells, large sample volumes and large quantities of antibodies were required to isolate sufficient cells for downstream analysis. Here, we drastically increased the number of nucleated cells analyzed by first concentrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood by density gradient centrifugation. The S-eDAR platform was capable of isolating rare cells from concentrated PBMCs (108/mL, equivalent to processing ∼20 mL of whole blood in the 1 mL sample volume used by our instrument) at a high recovery rate (>85%). We then applied the S-eDAR platform for isolating rare fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) from concentrated PBMCs spiked with umbilical cord blood cells and confirmed fNRBC recovery by immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization, demonstrating the potential of the S-eDAR system for isolating rare fetal cells from maternal PBMCs to improve noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chenee Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael G. Gravett
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zhang Q, Rong Y, Yi K, Huang L, Chen M, Wang F. Circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: single-cell based analysis, preclinical models, and clinical applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:12060-12071. [PMID: 33204329 PMCID: PMC7667686 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed into the bloodstream from primary tumors and metastatic lesions and provide significant information about tumor progression and metastasis. CTCs contribute to tumor metastasis through the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CTC clusters and stem-like phenotypes lead to a more aggressive and metastatic potential. CTCs retain the heterogeneity and imitate the nature of corresponding primary tumors. Therefore, it is important to use single-cell based analysis to obtain information on tumor heterogeneity and biology. CTCs are also good candidates for building preclinical models (especially 3D organoid cultures) for drug screening, disease modeling, genome editing, tumor immunity research, and organ-like biobank establishment. In this article, we summarize the current CTC capture technology, dissect the phenotypes associated with CTC metastasis, and review the progress in single-cell based analysis and preclinical modeling of the pattern and kinetics of CTCs. In particular, we discuss the use of CTCs to assess the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
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39
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Longuespée R, Theile D, Fresnais M, Burhenne J, Weiss J, Haefeli WE. Approaching sites of action of drugs in clinical pharmacology: New analytical options and their challenges. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:858-874. [PMID: 32881012 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pharmacology is an important discipline for drug development aiming to define pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and optimum exposure to drugs, i.e. the concentration-response relationship and its modulators. For this purpose, information on drug concentrations at the anatomical, cellular and molecular sites of action is particularly valuable. In pharmacological assays, the limited accessibility of target cells in readily available samples (i.e. blood) often hampers mass spectrometry-based monitoring of the absolute quantity of a compound and the determination of its molecular action at the cellular level. Recently, new sample collection methods have been developed for the specific capture of rare circulating cells, especially for the diagnosis of circulating tumour cells. In parallel, new advances and developments in mass spectrometric instrumentation now allow analyses to be scaled down to the cellular level. Together, these developments may permit the monitoring of minute drug quantities and show their effect at the cellular level. In turn, such PK/PD associations on a cellular level would not only enrich our pharmacological knowledge of a given compound but also expand the basis for PK/PD simulations. In this review, we describe novel concepts supporting clinical pharmacology at the anatomical, cellular and molecular sites of action, and highlight the new challenges in mass spectrometry-based monitoring. Moreover, we present methods to tackle these challenges and define future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margaux Fresnais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Tian C, Xu X, Wang Y, Li D, Lu H, Yang Z. Development and Clinical Prospects of Techniques to Separate Circulating Tumor Cells from Peripheral Blood. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7263-7275. [PMID: 32884342 PMCID: PMC7434565 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s248380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is an important liquid biopsy technique that has advanced considerably in recent years. To further advance the development of technology for curing cancer, several CTC technologies have been proposed by various research groups. Despite their potential role in early cancer diagnosis and prognosis, CTC methods are currently used for research purposes only, and very few methods have been accepted for clinical applications because of difficulties, including CTC heterogeneity, CTC separation from the blood, and a lack of thorough clinical validation. Although current CTC technologies have not been truly implemented, they possess high potential as future clinical diagnostic techniques for individualized cancer. Here, we review current developments in CTC separation technology. We also explore new CTC detection methods based on telomerase and nanomaterials, such as in vivo flow cytometry. In addition, we discuss the difficulties that must be overcome before CTC can be applied in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuke Wang
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dailong Li
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, First Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, People's Republic of China
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41
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Chen K, Amontree J, Varillas J, Zhang J, George TJ, Fan ZH. Incorporation of lateral microfiltration with immunoaffinity for enhancing the capture efficiency of rare cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14210. [PMID: 32848184 PMCID: PMC7450051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The methods for isolating rare cells such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be generally classified into two categories: those based on physical properties (e.g., size) and methods based on biological properties (e.g., immunoaffinity). CellSearch, the only FDA-approved method for the CTC-based cancer prognosis, relies on immunoaffinity interactions between CTCs and antibodies immobilized on magnetic particles. Immunoaffinity-based CTC isolation has also been employed in microfluidic devices, which show higher capture efficiency than CellSearch. We report here our investigation of combining size-based microfiltration into a microfluidic device with immunoaffinity for enhanced capture efficiency of CTCs. The device consists of four serpentine main channels, and each channel contains an array of lateral filters that create a two-dimensional flow. The main flow is through the serpentine channel, allowing the majority of the sample to pass by while the secondary flow goes through the lateral filters. The device design is optimized to make all fluid particles interact with filters. The filter sizes range from 24 to 12 µm, being slightly larger than or having similar dimension of CTCs. These filters are immobilized with antibodies specific to CTCs and thus they function as gates, allowing normal blood cells to pass by while forcing the interactions between CTCs and antibodies on the filter surfaces. The hydrodynamic force experienced by a CTC was also studied for optimal experimental conditions to ensure immunoaffinity-enabled cell capture. The device was evaluated by capturing two types of tumor cells spiked in healthy blood or a buffer, and we found that their capture efficiency was between 87.2 and 93.5%. The platform was further validated by isolating CTCs from blood samples of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jacob Amontree
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100278, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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42
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Quan Y, Chen K, Xiang N, Ni Z. A single-view field filter device for rare tumor cell filtration and enumeration. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2000-2006. [PMID: 32767389 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a single-view field filter (SVFF) device for the efficient filtration and enumeration of rare tumor cells in the blood. In our device, the track-etched membrane is integrated within a low-cost polymer-film microfluidic chip, and multiplex microfiltration chambers are designed. Our device permits the performing of multiple sample tests on a single membrane and the dynamical observation of the entire filtration process in a single field of view. To characterize the device performance, our device is first tested using tumor cells, and three different cell behaviors are observed during the filtration process. Finally, we successfully apply our device for the separation of rare tumor cells from the lysed blood samples at various flow rates. The recovery rates of 93.3, 87.6, and 84.1% can be respectively achieved at the throughputs of 50, 100, and 150 μL/min. Our single-view field filter (SVFF) device offers the advantages of label-free filtration, efficient enumeration, easy integration, and low cost, and holds the potential to be used as an efficient tool for the filtration and enumeration of rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlin Quan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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43
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Chen H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Immunomagnetic separation of circulating tumor cells with microfluidic chips and their clinical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:041502. [PMID: 32849973 PMCID: PMC7440929 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells detached from the original lesion and getting into the blood and lymphatic circulation systems. They potentially establish new tumors in remote areas, namely, metastasis. Isolation of CTCs and following biological molecular analysis facilitate investigating cancer and coming out treatment. Since CTCs carry important information on the primary tumor, they are vital in exploring the mechanism of cancer, metastasis, and diagnosis. However, CTCs are very difficult to separate due to their extreme heterogeneity and rarity in blood. Recently, advanced technologies, such as nanosurfaces, quantum dots, and Raman spectroscopy, have been integrated with microfluidic chips. These achievements enable the next generation isolation technologies and subsequent biological analysis of CTCs. In this review, we summarize CTCs' separation with microfluidic chips based on the principle of immunomagnetic isolation of CTCs. Fundamental insights, clinical applications, and potential future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
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44
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The Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Real-Time Monitoring and Moving Targets for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071734. [PMID: 32610709 PMCID: PMC7408113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ranked as the sixth most common cancer around the world. With the emergence of the state-of-the-art modalities lately, such as liver transplantation, image-guided ablation, and chemoembolization, the death rate is still high due to high metastasis rate after therapy. Observation by biannual ultrasonography allows effective diagnosis at an early stage for candidates with no extrahepatic metastasis, but its effectiveness still remains unsatisfactory. Developing a new test with improved effectiveness and specificity is urgently needed for HCC diagnosis, especially for patients after first line therapy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a small sub-population of tumor cells in human peripheral blood, they release from the primary tumor and invade into the blood circulatory system, thereby residing into the distal tissues and survive. As CTCs have specific and aggressive properties, they can evade from immune defenses, induce gene alterations, and modulate signal transductions. Ultimately, CTCs can manipulate tumor behaviors and patient reactions to anti-tumor treatment. Given the fact that in HCC blood is present around the immediate vicinity of the tumor, which allows thousands of CTCs to release into the blood circulation daily, so CTCs are considered to be the main cause for HCC occurrence, and are also a pivotal factor for HCC prognosis. In this review, we highlight the characteristics and enrichment strategies of CTCs, and focus on the use of CTCs for tumor evaluation and management in patients with HCC.
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45
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Yee-de León JF, Soto-García B, Aráiz-Hernández D, Delgado-Balderas JR, Esparza M, Aguilar-Avelar C, Wong-Campos JD, Chacón F, López-Hernández JY, González-Treviño AM, Yee-de León JR, Zamora-Mendoza JL, Alvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G, Gómez-Guerra LS, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Velarde-Calvillo LP, Abarca-Blanco A. Characterization of a novel automated microfiltration device for the efficient isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells from clinical blood samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7543. [PMID: 32372001 PMCID: PMC7200708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may enable a broad range of cancer-related applications, including the identification of acquired drug resistance during treatments. However, the non-scalable fabrication, prolonged sample processing times, and the lack of automation, associated with most of the technologies developed to isolate these rare cells, have impeded their transition into the clinical practice. This work describes a novel membrane-based microfiltration device comprised of a fully automated sample processing unit and a machine-vision-enabled imaging system that allows the efficient isolation and rapid analysis of CTCs from blood. The device performance was characterized using four prostate cancer cell lines, including PC-3, VCaP, DU-145, and LNCaP, obtaining high assay reproducibility and capture efficiencies greater than 93% after processing 7.5 mL blood samples spiked with 100 cancer cells. Cancer cells remained viable after filtration due to the minimal shear stress exerted over cells during the procedure, while the identification of cancer cells by immunostaining was not affected by the number of non-specific events captured on the membrane. We were also able to identify the androgen receptor (AR) point mutation T878A from 7.5 mL blood samples spiked with 50 LNCaP cells using RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Finally, CTCs were detected in 8 out of 8 samples from patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer (mean ± SEM = 21 ± 2.957 CTCs/mL, median = 21 CTCs/mL), demonstrating the potential clinical utility of this device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Rolando Delgado-Balderas
- Delee Corp., Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | | | | | - J D Wong-Campos
- Delee Corp., Mountain View, CA, 94041, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario M Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.,Departamento de Mecatrónica e Ingeniería Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Lauro S Gómez-Guerra
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | - Celia N Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
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46
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Calandri M, Siravegna G, Yevich SM, Stranieri G, Gazzera C, Kopetz S, Fonio P, Gupta S, Bardelli A, Veltri A, Odisio BC. Liquid biopsy, a paradigm shift in oncology: what interventional radiologists should know. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:4496-4503. [PMID: 32193642 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of adequate tumor sample is required to verify primary tumor type and specific biomarkers and to assess response to therapy. Historically, invasive surgical procedures were the standard methods to acquire tumor samples until advancements in imaging and minimally invasive equipment facilitated the paradigm shift image-guided biopsy. Image-guided biopsy has improved sampling yield and minimized risk to the patient; however, there are still limitations, such as its invasive nature and its consequent limitations to longitudinal tumor monitoring. The next paradigm shift in sampling technique will need to address these issues to provide a more reliable and less invasive technique. Recently, liquid biopsy (LB) has emerged as a non-invasive alternative to tissue sampling. This technique relies on direct sampling of blood or other bodily fluids in contact with the tumor in order to collect circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and circulating RNAs-in particular microRNA (miRNAs). Clinical applications of LB involve different steps of cancer patient management including screening, detection of disease recurrence, and evaluation of acquired resistance. With any paradigm shift, old techniques are often relegated to a secondary option. Although image-guided biopsies may appear as a passive spectator on the rapid advancement of LB, the two techniques may well be codependent. Interventional radiology may be integral to directly sample the liquid surrounding or draining from the tumor. In addition, LB may help to correctly select the patients for image-guided loco-regional treatments, to determine its treatment endpoint, and to early detect recurrence. KEY POINTS: • Liquid biopsy is a novel technology with potential high impact in the management of patients undergoing image-guided procedures. • Interventional radiology procedures may increase liquid biopsy sensitivity through direct fluid sampling. • Liquid biopsy techniques may provide a venue for improving patients' selection and enhance outcomes of interventional loco-regional therapies performed by interventional radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calandri
- Radiology Unit, A.O.U. San Luigi Gonzaga - Orbassano (To), Orbassano, TO, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Siravegna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (To), Candiolo, TO, Italy.,Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Steven M Yevich
- Department of Interventional Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giuseppe Stranieri
- Radiology Unit, A.O.U. San Luigi Gonzaga - Orbassano (To), Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Carlo Gazzera
- Radiology Institute, Città della Salute e della Scienza - Torino Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paolo Fonio
- Radiology Institute, Città della Salute e della Scienza - Torino Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Interventional Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo (To), Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Andrea Veltri
- Radiology Unit, A.O.U. San Luigi Gonzaga - Orbassano (To), Orbassano, TO, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Bruno C Odisio
- Department of Interventional Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
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47
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Xu X, Jiang Z, Wang J, Ren Y, Wu A. Microfluidic applications on circulating tumor cell isolation and biomimicking of cancer metastasis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:933-951. [PMID: 32144938 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant tumors is challenged by insufficient means to effectively detect tumors at early stage. Liquid biopsy using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as biomarkers demonstrates a promising solution to tackle the challenge, because CTCs play a critical role in cancer metastatic process via intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and formation of secondary tumor. However, the effectiveness of the solution is compromised by rarity, heterogeneity, and vulnerability associated with CTCs. Among a plethora of novel approaches for CTC isolation and enrichment, microfluidics leads to isolation and detection of CTCs in a cost-effective and operation-friendly way. Development of microfluidics also makes it feasible to model the cancer metastasis in vitro using a microfluidic system to mimick the in vivo microenvironment, thereby enabling analysis and monitor of tumor metastasis. This paper aims to review the latest advances for exploring the dual-roles microfluidics has played in early cancer diagnosis via CTC isolation and investigating the role of CTCs in cancer metastasis; the merits and drawbacks for dominating microfluidics-based CTC isolation methods are discussed; biomimicking cancer metastasis using microfluidics are presented with example applications on modelling of tumor microenvironment, tumor cell dissemination, tumor migration, and tumor angiogenesis. The future perspectives and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Xu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Research Group for Fluids and Thermal Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ren
- Research Group for Fluids and Thermal Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P. R. China
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48
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Lin Z, Luo G, Du W, Kong T, Liu C, Liu Z. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Platforms Applied in Cancer Metastasis: Circulating Tumor Cells' (CTCs) Isolation and Tumor-On-A-Chip. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903899. [PMID: 31747120 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite the enormous efforts that are made in the development of cancer biology and anticancer therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, recent studies in oncology have focused on the complex cancer metastatic process as metastatic disease contributes to more than 90% of tumor-related death. In the metastatic process, isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a vital role in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients at an early stage. To obtain relevant information on cancer metastasis and progression from CTCs, reliable approaches are required for CTC detection and isolation. Additionally, experimental platforms mimicking the tumor microenvironment in vitro give a better understanding of the metastatic microenvironment and antimetastatic drugs' screening. With the advancement of microfabrication and rapid prototyping, microfluidic techniques are now increasingly being exploited to study cancer metastasis as they allow precise control of fluids in small volume and rapid sample processing at relatively low cost and with high sensitivity. Recent advancements in microfluidic platforms utilized in various methods for CTCs' isolation and tumor models recapitulating the metastatic microenvironment (tumor-on-a-chip) are comprehensively reviewed. Future perspectives on microfluidics for cancer metastasis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guanyi Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Weixiang Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Changkun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Zhu S, Jiang F, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidics for label-free sorting of rare circulating tumor cells. Analyst 2020; 145:7103-7124. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A review discussing the working principles and performances of label-free CTC sorting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the metastatic spread of cancer and therefore are extremely valuable not only for basic research on cancer metastasis but also as potential biomarkers in diagnosing and managing cancer in the clinic. While relatively non-invasive access to the blood tissue presents an opportunity, CTCs are mixed with approximately billion-times more-populated blood cells in circulation. Therefore, the accuracy of technologies for reliable enrichment of the rare CTC population from blood samples is critical to the success of downstream analyses. The focus of this chapter is to provide the reader an overview of significant advances made in the development of diverse CTC enrichment technologies by presenting the strengths of individual techniques in addition to specific challenges remaining to be addressed.
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