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Dukhinova M, Kokinos E, Kuchur P, Komissarov A, Shtro A. Macrophage-derived cytokines in pneumonia: Linking cellular immunology and genetics. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 59:46-61. [PMID: 33342718 PMCID: PMC8035975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages represent the first line of anti-pathogen defense - they encounter invading pathogens to perform the phagocytic activity, to deliver the plethora of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and to shape the tissue microenvironment. Throughout pneumonia course, alveolar macrophages and infiltrated blood monocytes produce increasing cytokine amounts, which activates the antiviral/antibacterial immunity but can also provoke the risk of the so-called cytokine “storm” and normal tissue damage. Subsequently, the question of how the cytokine spectrum is shaped and balanced in the pneumonia context remains a hot topic in medical immunology, particularly in the COVID19 pandemic era. The diversity in cytokine profiles, involved in pneumonia pathogenesis, is determined by the variations in cytokine-receptor interactions, which may lead to severe cytokine storm and functional decline of particular tissues and organs, for example, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Cytokines and their receptors form unique profiles in individual patients, depending on the (a) microenvironmental context (comorbidities and associated treatment), (b) lung monocyte heterogeneity, and (c) genetic variations. These multidisciplinary strategies can be proactively considered beforehand and during the pneumonia course and potentially allow the new age of personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dukhinova
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena Kokinos
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Kuchur
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Komissarov
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Shtro
- International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technology", ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Chemotherapy, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Yang L, Chang Y, Cao P. CCR7 preservation via histone deacetylase inhibition promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:231-237. [PMID: 30107147 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) differs in various types of cancers. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well-explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of HDAC inhibition on EMT in HCC cells by using trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA). The results showed that TSA/VPA significantly induced EMT phenotype, as demonstrated by the decreased level of E-cadherin, increased level of N-cadherin, vimentin, Twist and snail, and enhanced capacity of cell migration and invasion. In addition, CCR7 was speculated and confirmed as a function target of HDAC inhibition. CCR7 promotes the progression of HCC and is associated with poor survival. Knockdown of CCR7 significantly attenuated the effect of TSA on EMT. Moreover, our results demonstrated that HDAC inhibition up-regulates CCR7 via reversing the promoter hypoacetylation and increasing CCR7 transcription. Taken together, our study has identified the function of HDAC in EMT of HCC and suggested a novel mechanism through which TSA/VPA exerts its carcinogenic roles in HCC. HDAC inhibitors require careful caution before their application as new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoji Central hospital, Baoji 721008, China
| | - Yanxiang Chang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Peilong Cao
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Dreussi E, Ecca F, Scarabel L, Gagno S, Toffoli G. Immunogenetics of prostate cancer: a still unexplored field of study. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:263-283. [PMID: 29325503 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a double-edged sword with regard to the prostate cancer (PCa) battle. Immunogenetics, the study of the potential role of immune-related polymorphisms, is taking its first steps in the treatment of this malignancy. This review summarizes the most recent papers addressing the potential of immunogenetics in PCa, reporting immune-related polymorphisms associated with tumor aggressiveness, treatment toxicity and patients' prognosis. With some peculiarities, RNASEL, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β and MMP7 have arisen as the most significant biomarkers in PCa treatment and management, having a potential clinical role. Validation prospective clinical studies are required to translate immunogenetics into precision treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dreussi
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ecca
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Sara Gagno
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, 33081, Italy
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Abstract
The human body combats infection and promotes wound healing through the remarkable process of inflammation. Inflammation is characterized by the recruitment of stromal cell activity including recruitment of immune cells and induction of angiogenesis. These cellular processes are regulated by a class of soluble molecules called cytokines. Based on function, cell target, and structure, cytokines are subdivided into several classes including: interleukins, chemokines, and lymphokines. While cytokines regulate normal physiological processes, chronic deregulation of cytokine expression and activity contributes to cancer in many ways. Gene polymorphisms of all types of cytokines are associated with risk of disease development. Deregulation RNA and protein expression of interleukins, chemokines, and lymphokines have been detected in many solid tumors and hematopoetic malignancies, correlating with poor patient prognosis. The current body of literature suggests that in some tumor types, interleukins and chemokines work against the human body by signaling to cancer cells and remodeling the local microenvironment to support the growth, survival, and invasion of primary tumors and enhance metastatic colonization. Some lymphokines are downregulated to suppress tumor progression by enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity and inhibiting tumor cell survival. In this review, we will describe the structure/function of several cytokine families and review our current understanding on the roles and mechanisms of cytokines in tumor progression. In addition, we will also discuss strategies for exploiting the expression and activity of cytokines in therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yao
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - G Brummer
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - D Acevedo
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - N Cheng
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Zhang L, Shao L, Creighton CJ, Zhang Y, Xin L, Ittmann M, Wang J. Function of phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 ser536 in prostate cancer oncogenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6281-94. [PMID: 25749044 PMCID: PMC4467437 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Majority of prostate cancer (PCa) patients carry TMPRSS2/ERG (T/E) fusion genes and there has been tremendous interest in understanding how the T/E fusion may promote progression of PCa. We showed that T/E fusion can activate NF-kB pathway by increasing phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 Ser536 (p536), but the function of p536 has never been studied in PCa. We report here that active p536 can significantly increase cell motility and transform PNT1a cells (an immortalized normal cell line), suggesting p536 plays a critical role in promoting PCa tumorigenesis. We have discovered a set of p536 regulated genes, among which we validated the regulation of CCL2 by p536. Based on all evidence, we favor that T/E fusion, NF-kB p536 and CCL2 form a signaling chain. Finally, PNT1a cells (not tumorigenic) can form tumors in SCID mice when overexpressing of either wild type or active p65 in the presence of activated AKT, demonstrating synergistic activities of NF-kB and AKT signals in promoting PCa tumorigenesis. These findings indicate that combination therapies targeting T/E fusion, NF-kB, CCL2 and/or AKT pathways may have efficacy in T/E fusion gene expressing PCa. If successful, such targeted therapy will benefit more than half of PCa patients who carry T/E fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Longjiang Shao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Duncan Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Carlumab, an anti-C-C chemokine ligand 2 monoclonal antibody, in combination with four chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of patients with solid tumors: an open-label, multicenter phase 1b study. Target Oncol 2014; 10:111-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-014-0320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Inhibition of CCL2 signaling in combination with docetaxel treatment has profound inhibitory effects on prostate cancer growth in bone. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10483-96. [PMID: 23698775 PMCID: PMC3676850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) stimulates migration, proliferation, and invasion of prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and its signaling also plays a role in the activation of osteoclasts. Therefore targeting CCL2 signaling in regulation of tumor progression in bone metastases is an area of intense research. The objective of our study was to investigate the efficacy of CCL2 blockade by neutralizing antibodies to inhibit the growth of PCa in bone. We used a preclinical model of cancer growth in the bone in which PCa C4-2B cells were injected directly into murine tibiae. Animals were treated for ten weeks with neutralizing anti-CCL2 antibodies, docetaxel, or a combination of both, and then followed an additional nine weeks. CCL2 blockade inhibited the growth of PCa in bone, with even more pronounced inhibition in combination with docetaxel. CCL2 blockade also resulted in increases in bone mineral density. Furthermore, our results showed that the tumor inhibition lasted even after discontinuation of the treatment. Our data provide compelling evidence that CCL2 blockade slows PCa growth in bone, both alone and in combination with docetaxel. These results support the continued investigations of CCL2 blockade as a treatment for advanced metastatic PCa.
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Kim EK, Kim YS, Milner JA, Wang TT. Indole-3-Carbinol and 3′,3′-Diindolylmethane Modulate Androgen's Effect on C-C Chemokine Ligand 2 and Monocyte Attraction to Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:519-29. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bensen JT, Xu Z, Smith GJ, Mohler JL, Fontham ET, Taylor JA. Genetic polymorphism and prostate cancer aggressiveness: a case-only study of 1,536 GWAS and candidate SNPs in African-Americans and European-Americans. Prostate 2013; 73:11-22. [PMID: 22549899 PMCID: PMC3480543 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have established a number of replicated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for susceptibility to prostate cancer (CaP), but it is unclear whether these susceptibility SNPs are also associated with disease aggressiveness. This study evaluates whether such replication SNPs or other candidate SNPs are associated with CaP aggressiveness in African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) men. METHODS A 1,536 SNP panel which included 34 genome-wide association study (GWAS) replication SNPs, 38 flanking SNPs, a set of ancestry informative markers, and SNPs in candidate genes and other areas was genotyped in 1,060 AA and 1,087 EA men with incident CaP from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP). Tests for association were conducted using ordinal logistic regression with a log-additive genotype model and a 3-category CaP aggressiveness variable. RESULTS Four GWAS replication SNPs (rs2660753, rs13254738, rs10090154, rs2735839) and seven flanking SNPs were associated with CaP aggressiveness (P < 0.05) in three genomic regions: One at 3p12 (EA), seven at 8q24 (5 AA, 2 EA), and three at 19q13 at the kallilkrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3) locus (two AA, one AA and EA). The KLK3 SNPs also were associated with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in AA (P < 0.001) but not in EA. A number of the other SNPs showed some evidence of association but none met study-wide significance levels after adjusting for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Some replicated GWAS susceptibility SNPs may play a role in CaP aggressiveness. However, like susceptibility, these associations are not consistent between racial groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
| | - Zongli Xu
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Gary J. Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - James L. Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
- Department of Urology, University of Buffalo School of Medicine and Biotechnology, Buffalo, New York, 14214
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7435
| | - Elizabeth T.H. Fontham
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Jack A. Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Ribeiro da Silva M, Tobias-Machado M, Lima-Pompeo A, Reis L, da Silva Pinhal M. [Prostate cancer: promising biomarkers related to aggressive disease]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:484-90. [PMID: 22520043 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a rapidly growing number of candidate biological markers of prognosis and/or response to specific treatments in prostate cancer, none have to date showed ability to completely prognosticate prostate cancer on evidence based urology. OBJECTIVE To review the pertinent literature on the issue. ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE A comprehensive review of the current literature was done focusing on promising biomarkers related to aggressive prostate cancer. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE Combined with the heterogeneous nature of the disease, mixed case series are the most common study design, impeding robust results and the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. Improvement in prostate cancer patient survival requires not only the identification of new therapeutic target based on detailed understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in metastatic dissemination and tumor growth but strong clinical studies as well. CONCLUSION Better study design involving potential markers and including well-classified and staged patients with robust methodology and adequate outcomes (mainly survival) are necessary to the field evolution.
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Current challenges in development of differentially expressed and prognostic prostate cancer biomarkers. Prostate Cancer 2012; 2012:640968. [PMID: 22970379 PMCID: PMC3434411 DOI: 10.1155/2012/640968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Predicting the aggressiveness of prostate cancer at biopsy is invaluable in making treatment decisions. In this paper we review the differential expression of genes and microRNAs identified through microarray analysis as potentially useful markers for prostate cancer prognosis and discuss some of the challenges associated with their development. Methods. A review of the literature was conducted through Medline. Articles were identified through searches of the following terms: "prostate cancer AND differential expression", "prostate cancer prognosis", and "prostate cancer AND microRNAs". Results. Though numerous differentially expressed genes and microRNAs were identified as possible prognostic markers, the significance of several of these genes is either debated due to conflicting results or is not validated in other study populations. A few of the articles constructed predictive nomograms using a panel of biomarkers which require further validation. Challenges to the development of useful markers include different methodology, cancer heterogeneity, and sampling error. These can be overcome by categorizing prognostic factors into particular gene pathways or by supplementing biopsy information with blood or urine-based biomarkers. Conclusion. Though biomarkers based on differential expression offer the potential to improve decision making concerning prostate cancer, further validation of their utility and accuracy at the biopsy level is needed.
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Isaacs WB. Inherited susceptibility for aggressive prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2012; 14:415-8. [PMID: 22543676 PMCID: PMC3568760 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether or not there is inherited basis for prostate cancer aggressiveness is not clear, but advances in DNA analysis should provide an answer to this question in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Isaacs
- Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Sun T, Oh WK, Jacobus S, Regan M, Pomerantz M, Freedman ML, Lee GSM, Kantoff PW. The impact of common genetic variations in genes of the sex hormone metabolic pathways on steroid hormone levels and prostate cancer aggressiveness. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:2044-50. [PMID: 21900597 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work suggested that there was no significant association between plasma steroid hormone levels and prostate cancer tumor grade at diagnosis. In this study, we systematically tested the hypothesis that inherited variations in the androgen and estrogen metabolic pathways may be associated with plasma levels of steroid hormones, or prostate cancer aggressiveness at diagnosis. Plasma hormone levels including total testosterone, total estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured in a cohort of 508 patients identified with localized prostate cancer. D'Amico risk classification at diagnosis was also determined. A total of 143 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 30 genes that are involved in androgen and estrogen metabolism were selected for analysis. The global association of genotypes with plasma hormone levels and prostate cancer aggressiveness (D'Amico risk classification) was statistically analyzed. Q values were estimated to account for multiple testing. We observed significant associations between plasma testosterone level and SNPs in HSD17B2 (rs1424151), HSD17B3 (rs9409407), and HSD17B1 (rs12602084), with P values of 0.002, 0.006, and 0.006, respectively. We also observed borderline significant associations between prostate aggressiveness at diagnosis and SNPs in AKR1C1 (rs11252845; P = 0.005), UGT2B15 (rs2045100; P = 0.007), and HSD17B12 (rs7932905; P = 0.008). No individual SNP was associated with both clinical variables. Genetic variants of genes in hormone metabolic pathways may influence plasma androgen levels or prostate cancer aggressiveness. However, it seems that the inherited variations affecting plasma hormone levels differ from those affecting disease aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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