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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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2
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Phadnis S, Wang X, Daw NC, Herzog CE, Subbiah IM, Zaky W, Gouda MA, Morani AC, Amini B, Harrison DJ, Piha-Paul SA, Meric-Bernstam F, Gorlick R, Schwartz CL, Subbiah V. Everolimus in combination with vandetanib in children, adolescents, and young adults: a phase I study. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101609. [PMID: 37879233 PMCID: PMC10774869 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined use of inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-2) receptors is a potential strategy to overcome resistance to either class of drugs when used alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS We designed a phase 1 trial to test the drug combination of a multikinase VEGF receptor 2 inhibitor, vandetanib, and an mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, in a pediatric and young adult patient cohort with advanced cancers. Exceptional responders were probed for tumor mutational profile to explore possible molecular mechanisms of response. RESULTS Among 21 enrolled patients, clinical benefit was observed in 38% (one patient with partial response and eight patients with stable disease) with a median progression-free survival of 3.3 months. The most common treatment-related adverse event was rash (n = 13). Other treatment-related toxicities included diarrhea, fatigue, hypertension, QT prolongation, hypertriglyceridemia/hypercholesterolemia, transaminitis, thrombocytopenia, and weight loss. None of the patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities. Three exceptional responders were analyzed and were found to harbor genetic alterations including kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) Q472H mutation, EWSR1-CREB3L1, CDKN2A/B loss, and ASPL/ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion. CONCLUSIONS The combination of vandetanib and everolimus showed early activity and tolerable toxicity profile in pediatric patients with advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Phadnis
- Division of Pediatrics, Children's of Alabama at The University of Alabama, Birmingham
| | - X Wang
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - N C Daw
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - C E Herzog
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - I M Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Sarah Cannon Research Institute (SCRI), Nashville
| | - W Zaky
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - M A Gouda
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - A C Morani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - B Amini
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - D J Harrison
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - S A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - F Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - R Gorlick
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - C L Schwartz
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - V Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Sarah Cannon Research Institute (SCRI), Nashville.
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3
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Saoud H, Aflouk Y, Ben Afia A, Gaha L, Bel Hadj Jrad B. Association of VEGF-A and KDR polymorphisms with the development of schizophrenia. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:528-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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VEGF-A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and outcomes from the AGITG MAX trial of capecitabine, bevacizumab and mitomycin C in metastatic colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1238. [PMID: 35075138 PMCID: PMC8786898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase III MAX clinical trial randomised patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to receive first-line capecitabine chemotherapy alone or in combination with the anti-VEGF-A antibody bevacizumab (± mitomycin C). We utilised this cohort to examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGF-A, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 are predictive of efficacy outcomes with bevacizumab or the development of hypertension. Genomic DNA extracted from archival FFPE tissue for 325 patients (69% of the MAX trial population) was used to genotype 16 candidate SNPs in VEGF-A, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, which were analysed for associations with efficacy outcomes and hypertension. The VEGF-A rs25648 ‘CC’ genotype was prognostic for improved PFS (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.85; P = 0.002) and OS (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.94; P = 0.019). The VEGF-A rs699947 ‘AA’ genotype was prognostic for shorter PFS (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.74; P = 0.048). None of the analysed SNPs were predictive of bevacizumab efficacy outcomes. VEGFR2 rs11133360 ‘TT’ was associated with a lower risk of grade ≥ 3 hypertension (P = 0.028). SNPs in VEGF-A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 did not predict bevacizumab benefit. However, VEGF-A rs25648 and rs699947 were identified as novel prognostic biomarkers and VEGFR2 rs11133360 was associated with less grade ≥ 3 hypertension.
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5
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Broggi G, Tirrò E, Alzoubi H, Arcella A, Gianno F, Antonelli M, Minasi S, Vigneri P, Certo F, Altieri R, Barbagallo GMV, Miele E, Caltabiano R, Giangaspero F. Cerebellar liponeurocytoma: clinical, histopathological and molecular features of a series of three cases, including one recurrent tumor. Neuropathology 2022; 42:169-180. [PMID: 35042275 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar liponeurocytoma (CL) is an unusual tumor, histologically composed of a mixture of small to medium-sized, rounded neurocytic cells and a variable lipomatous component. Although CL was originally considered as a subtype of medulloblastoma, subsequent molecular studies demonstrated that this tumor was a distinct entity, exhibiting the tumor protein p53 gene (TP53) missense mutations in 20% of cases, chromosome 17 deletion, and the absence of mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC), the protein patched homolog gene (PTCH), the kinase insert domain receptor gene (KDR), and the β-catenin gene (CTNNB). Apart from these molecular features, little is known about the pathogenesis and the genetic landscape of CL to date. In order to characterize the mutational landscape of CL and identify alterations that are driving tumorigenesis, we report a series of three cases, including one recurrent tumor, analysed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), which identified a total of 22 variants, of which four were missense mutations, nine were synonymous variants, and nine were located on intronic regions. In particular, DNA sequencing identified missense mutations in APC, KDR, and TP53 that could be implicated in promoting tumor progression and angiogenesis of CL. Furthermore, the NGS analysis revealed that recurrent CL did not have additional genetic changes compared with the primary tumor. Moreover, the high frequencies of detected mutations suggested that the identified alterations are germline variants. Indeed, an additional NGS on the genomic DNA obtained from one of the three patients confirmed the presence of the variants in the germline DNA. In conclusion, the obtained data support the hypothesis that CL is a distinct pathological entity that does not show specific somatic alterations driving tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Broggi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Catania, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hiba Alzoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Francesca Gianno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Minasi
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico - San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Certo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco" University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Altieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco" University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo Barbagallo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Neurological Surgery, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco" University Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Radiology, Oncology and Anatomic Pathology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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6
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Jantus-Lewintre E, Massutí Sureda B, González Larriba JL, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Juan O, Blasco A, Dómine M, Provencio Pulla M, Garde J, Álvarez R, Maestu I, Pérez de Carrión R, Artal Á, Rolfo C, de Castro J, Guillot M, Oramas J, de Las Peñas R, Ferrera L, Martínez N, Serra Ò, Rosell R, Camps C. Prospective Exploratory Analysis of Angiogenic Biomarkers in Peripheral Blood in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated With Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy: The ANGIOMET Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695038. [PMID: 34381717 PMCID: PMC8350788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding angiogenic prognostic markers in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer is still an unmet medical need. We explored a set of genetic variants in the VEGF-pathway as potential biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. We prospectively analyzed the relationship between VEGF-pathway components with both pathological and prognostic variables in response to chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in 168 patients with non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Circulating levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 and expression of specific endothelial surface markers and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in VEGF-pathway genes were analyzed. The primary clinical endpoint was progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints included overall survival and objective tumor response. VEGFR-1 rs9582036 variants AA/AC were associated with increased progression-free survival (p = 0.012 and p = 0.035, respectively), and with improved overall survival (p = 0.019) with respect to CC allele. Patients with VEGF-A rs3025039 harboring allele TT had also reduced mortality risk (p = 0.049) compared with the CC allele. The VEGF-A rs833061 variant was found to be related with response to treatment, with 61.1% of patients harboring the CC allele achieving partial treatment response. High pre-treatment circulating levels of VEGF-A were associated with shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.036). In conclusion, in this prospective study, genetic variants in VEGFR-1 and VEGF-A and plasma levels of VEGF-A were associated with clinical benefit, progression-free survival, or overall survival in a cohort of advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy plus antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universitat Politècnica de València, Unidad Mixta TRIAL, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia/Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Oscar Juan
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Politécnico y Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Garde
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Álvarez
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Maestu
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitari Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Artal
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Greenbaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Javier de Castro
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Guillot
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Juana Oramas
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ramón de Las Peñas
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Provincial de Castelló, Castellón, Spain
| | - Lioba Ferrera
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Natividad Martínez
- Departamento de Oncología, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Òlbia Serra
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital General de l' Hospitalet, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Programa de la Biología del Cáncer y Medicina de Precisión, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain/Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Politècnica de València, Unidad Mixta TRIAL, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia/Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Zaman N, Dass SS, DU Parcq P, Macmahon S, Gallagher L, Thompson L, Khorashad JS, LimbÄck-Stanic C. The KDR (VEGFR-2) Genetic Polymorphism Q472H and c-KIT Polymorphism M541L Are Associated With More Aggressive Behaviour in Astrocytic Gliomas. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:715-727. [PMID: 33099473 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Better diagnostic and prognostic markers are required for a more accurate diagnosis and an earlier detection of glioma progression and for suggesting better treatment strategies. This retrospective study aimed to identify actionable gene variants to define potential markers of clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS 56 glioblastomas (GBM) and 44 grade 2-3 astrocytomas were profiled with next generation sequencing (NGS) as part of routine diagnostic workup and bioinformatics analysis was used for the identification of variants. CD34 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to measure microvessel density (MVD) and Log-rank test to compare survival and progression in the presence or absence of these variants. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis highlighted frequently occurring variants in genes involved in angiogenesis regulation (KDR, KIT, TP53 and PIK3CA), with the most common ones being KDR (rs1870377) and KIT (rs3822214). The KDR variant was associated with increased MVD and shorter survival in GBM. We did not observe any correlation between the KIT variant and MVD; however, there was an association with tumour grade. CONCLUSION This study highlights the role of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) that may be considered non-pathogenic and suggests the prognostic significance for survival of KIT rs3822214 and KDR rs1870377 and potential importance in planning new treatment strategies for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Zaman
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Serena Santhana Dass
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Persephone DU Parcq
- Department of Cell Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K
| | - Suzanne Macmahon
- Clinical Genomics, The Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Lewis Gallagher
- Clinical Genomics, The Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Lisa Thompson
- Clinical Genomics, The Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Clara LimbÄck-Stanic
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K. .,Department of Cell Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K
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8
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Cascone T, Sacks RL, Subbiah IM, Drobnitzky N, Piha-Paul SA, Hong DS, Hess KR, Amini B, Bhatt T, Fu S, Naing A, Janku F, Karp D, Falchook GS, Conley AP, Sherman SI, Meric-Bernstam F, Ryan AJ, Heymach JV, Subbiah V. Safety and activity of vandetanib in combination with everolimus in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I study. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100079. [PMID: 33721621 PMCID: PMC7973128 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preclinical studies suggest that combining vandetanib (VAN), a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with everolimus (EV), a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, may improve antitumor activity. We determined the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of VAN + EV in patients with advanced solid cancers and the effect of combination therapy on cancer cell proliferation and intracellular pathways. Patients and methods Patients with refractory solid tumors were enrolled in a phase I dose-escalation trial testing VAN (100-300 mg orally daily) + EV (2.5-10 mg orally daily). Objective responses were evaluated using RECIST v1.1. RET mutant cancer cell lines were used in cell-based studies. Results Among 80 patients enrolled, 72 (90%) patients were evaluable: 7 achieved partial response (PR) (10%) and 37 had stable disease (SD) (51%; duration range: 1-27 cycles). Clinical benefit (SD or PR ≥ 6 months) was observed in 26 evaluable patients [36%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (25% to 49%)]. In 80 patients, median overall survival (OS) was 10.5 months [95% CI (8.5-16.1)] and median progression-free survival (PFS) 4.1 months [95% CI (3.4-7.3)]. Six patients (7.5%) experienced DLTs and 20 (25%) required dose modifications. VAN + EV was safe, with fatigue, rash, diarrhea, and mucositis being the most common toxicities. In cell-based studies, combination therapy was superior to monotherapy at inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and intracellular signaling. Conclusions The MTDs and RP2Ds of VAN + EV are 300 mg and 10 mg, respectively. VAN + EV combination is safe and active in refractory solid tumors. Further investigation is warranted in RET pathway aberrant tumors. VAN + EV is safe, active and provides clinical benefit in some patients with refractory solid cancers. Dual therapy is superior to monotherapy at inhibiting proliferation and intracellular signaling of RET mutant cancer cells. This study highlights the importance of identifying novel combination therapies to overcome therapeutic resistance. Next-generation sequencing of advanced solid tumors may inform treatment strategies and guide future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - R L Sacks
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - I M Subbiah
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - N Drobnitzky
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - K R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - B Amini
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - T Bhatt
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - F Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - G S Falchook
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver, USA
| | - A P Conley
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - S I Sherman
- Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - F Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - A J Ryan
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - V Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
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9
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Angelicola S, Ruzzi F, Landuzzi L, Scalambra L, Gelsomino F, Ardizzoni A, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Palladini A. IFN-γ and CD38 in Hyperprogressive Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:309. [PMID: 33467713 PMCID: PMC7830527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve the survival of patients with multiple types of cancer. However, low response rates and atypical responses limit their success in clinical applications. The paradoxical acceleration of tumor growth after treatment, defined as hyperprogressive disease (HPD), is the most difficult problem facing clinicians and patients alike. The mechanisms that underlie hyperprogression (HP) are still unclear and controversial, although different factors are associated with the phenomenon. In this review, we propose two factors that have not yet been demonstrated to be directly associated with HP, but upon which it is important to focus attention. IFN-γ is a key cytokine in antitumor response and its levels increase during ICI therapy, whereas CD38 is an alternative immune checkpoint that is involved in immunosuppressive responses. As both factors are associated with resistance to ICI therapy, we have discussed their possible involvement in HPD with the conclusion that IFN-γ may contribute to HP onset through the activation of the inflammasome pathway, immunosuppressive enzyme IDO1 and activation-induced cell death (AICD) in effector T cells, while the role of CD38 in HP may be associated with the activation of adenosine receptors, hypoxia pathways and AICD-dependent T-cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Angelicola
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Scalambra
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Divisione di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Divisione di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
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10
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Germline Genetic Variants of the Renin-Angiotensin System, Hypoxia and Angiogenesis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression: Discovery and Validation Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123834. [PMID: 33353148 PMCID: PMC7766842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The presence of polymorphic gene variants in the human genome provides extensive genetic (and eventually phenotypic) variation affecting both normal physiological mechanisms and cancer pathogenesis. Functional genetic polymorphisms might have predictive and/or prognostic value in lung cancer, opening novel opportunities to improve prediction and guide clinical reasoning and therapeutics in lung cancer patients. Recent knowledge pinpoints a pleiotropic role for renin-angiotensin system, particularly in the lung and mainly through locally regulated alternative molecules and secondary pathways. Dysregulation of this system play a role in cell proliferation, hypoxia and angiogenesis, which processes are involved in lung cancer progression. Here we suggest that polymorphic variants in genes coding for renin-angiotensin system might play a role in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer progression. Abstract Introduction: The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in cell proliferation, immunoinflammatory response, hypoxia and angiogenesis, which are critical biological processes in lung cancer. Our aim was to study the association of putatively functional genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for proteins involved in RAS, hypoxia and angiogenesis with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis. Methods: Genotyping of 52 germline variants from genes of the RAS and hypoxic/angiogenic factors/receptors was performed using MassARRAY iPLEX Gold in a retrospective cohort (n = 167) of advanced NSCLC patients. Validation of the resulting genetic markers was conducted in an independent group (n = 190), matched by clinicopathological characteristics. Results: Multivariate analysis on the discovery set revealed that MME rs701109 C carriers were protected from disease progression in comparison with homozygous T (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2–0.8, p = 0.010). Homozygous A and T genotypes for KDR rs1870377 were at increased risk for disease progression and death compared to heterozygous (HR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.5, p = 0.005 and HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2–3.4, p = 0.006, respectively). Carriers of homozygous genotypes for ACE2 rs908004 presented increased risk for disease progression, only in the subgroup of patients without tumour actionable driver mutations (HR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.3–6.3, p = 0.010). Importantly, the association of homozygous genotypes in MME rs701109 with risk for disease progression was confirmed after multivariate analysis in the validation set. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that MME polymorphism, which encodes neprilysin, may modulate progression-free survival in advanced NSCLC. Present genetic variation findings will foster basic, translational, and clinical research on their role in NSCLC.
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Karakas Celik S, Cakmak Genc G, Dursun A. A bioinformatic approach to investigating cytokine genes and their receptor variants in relation to COVID-19 progression. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:211-218. [PMID: 33246355 PMCID: PMC7753408 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection produces a wide spectrum of manifestations, ranging from no symptom to viral pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the genetic variations in cytokines and their receptors in relation to COVID-19 pathogenesis using bioinformatic tools. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding the cytokines and cytokine receptors elevated in patients with COVID-19 were determined from the National Biotechnology Information Center website (using the dbSNP database). Missense variants were found in 3 cytokine genes and 10 cytokine receptor genes. Computational analyses were conducted to detect the effects of these missense SNPs via cloud-based software tools. Also, the miRSNP database was used to explore whether SNPs in the 3'-UTR altered the miRNA binding efficiency for genes of cytokines and their receptors. Our in silico studies revealed that one SNP in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene was predicted as deleterious using sorting intolerant from tolerant. Also, the stability of VEGFR2 decreased in the I-Mutant2.0 (biotool for predicting stability changes upon mutation from the protein sequence or structure) prediction. It was suggested that the decrease in VEGFR2 function (due to the rs1870377 polymorphism) may be correlated with the progression of COVID-19 or contribute to the pathogenesis. Moreover, 27 SNPs were determined to affect miRNA binding for the genes of cytokine receptors. CXCR2 rs1126579, TNFRSF1B rs1061624 and IL10RB rs8178562 SNPs were predicted to break the miRNA-mRNA binding sites for miR-516a-3, miR-720 and miR-328, respectively. These miRNAs play an important role in immune regulation and lung damage repair. Further studies are needed to evaluate the importance of these miRNAs and the SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunes Cakmak Genc
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dursun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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12
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Camelliti S, Le Noci V, Bianchi F, Moscheni C, Arnaboldi F, Gagliano N, Balsari A, Garassino MC, Tagliabue E, Sfondrini L, Sommariva M. Mechanisms of hyperprogressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: what we (don't) know. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:236. [PMID: 33168050 PMCID: PMC7650183 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of different types of tumors, leading to improvement in survival, even in patients with advanced cancers. Despite the good clinical results, a certain percentage of patients do not respond to this kind of immunotherapy. In addition, in a fraction of nonresponder patients, which can vary from 4 to 29% according to different studies, a paradoxical boost in tumor growth after ICI administration was observed: a completely unpredictable novel pattern of cancer progression defined as hyperprogressive disease. Since this clinical phenomenon has only been recently described, a universally accepted clinical definition is lacking, and major efforts have been made to uncover the biological bases underlying hyperprogressive disease. The lines of research pursued so far have focused their attention on the study of the immune tumor microenvironment or on the analysis of intrinsic genomic characteristics of cancer cells producing data that allowed us to formulate several hypotheses to explain this detrimental effect related to ICI therapy. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important works that, to date, provide important insights that are useful in understanding the mechanistic causes of hyperprogressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Camelliti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentino Le Noci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Molecular Targets Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Balsari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targets Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Efficacy of Incremental Next-Generation ALK Inhibitor Treatment in Oncogene-Addicted, ALK-Positive, TP53-Mutant NSCLC. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030107. [PMID: 32872120 PMCID: PMC7563786 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusion rearrangement is a potent oncogene, accounting for 2–7% of lung adenocarcinomas, with higher incidence (17–20%) in non-smokers. ALK-positive tumors are sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), thus ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently spearheading precision medicine in thoracic oncology, with three generations of approved ALK inhibitors in clinical practice. However, these treatments are eventually met with resistance. At the molecular level, ALK-positive NSCLC is of the lowest tumor mutational burden, which possibly accounts for the high initial response to TKIs. Nevertheless, TP53 co-mutations are relatively frequent and are associated with adverse outcome of crizotinib treatment, whereas utility of next-generation ALK inhibitors in TP53-mutant tumors is still unknown. Methods: We report the case of an ALK-positive, TP53-mutant NSCLC patient with about five years survival on ALK TKIs with continued next-generation regimens upon progression. Results: The tumor showed progression on crizotinib, but long tumor control was achieved following the incremental administration of next-generation ALK inhibitors, despite lack of evident resistance mechanisms. Conclusion: TP53 status should be taken into consideration when selecting ALK-inhibitor treatment for personalized therapies. In TP53-mutant tumors, switching TKI generations may overcome treatment exhaustion even in the absence of ALK-dependent resistance mechanisms.
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14
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Ravegnini G, Valori G, Zhang Q, Ricci R, Hrelia P, Angelini S. Pharmacogenetics in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors - an updated review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:797-808. [PMID: 32597248 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1789589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the best example of a targeted therapy in solid tumors. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) deeply improved the prognosis of this tumor. However, a degree of inter-patient variability is still reported in response rates and pharmacogenetics may play an important role in the final clinical outcome. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide an updated overview of the pharmacogenetic literature analyzing the role of polymorphisms in both GIST treatment efficacy and toxicity. EXPERT OPINION Besides the primary role of somatic DNA in dictating the clinical response to TKIs, several polymorphisms influencing their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been identified as being potentially involved. In the last 10 years, many potential biomarkers have been proposed to predict clinical response and toxicity after TKI administration. However, the evidence is still too limited to promote a clinical translation. To date, the somatic mutational status represents the main player in clinical response to TKIs in GIST treatment; however, pharmacogenetics could still explain the degree of inter-patient variability observed in GIST patients. A combination of different theoretical approaches, experimental model systems, and statistical methods is clearly needed, in order to translate pharmacogenetics to clinical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Valori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ricci
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS , Rome, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
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15
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Butkiewicz D, Gdowicz-Kłosok A, Krześniak M, Rutkowski T, Krzywon A, Cortez AJ, Domińczyk I, Składowski K. Association of Genetic Variants in ANGPT/TEK and VEGF/VEGFR with Progression and Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Radiotherapy or Radiochemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061506. [PMID: 32526933 PMCID: PMC7352333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for growth, progression, and metastasis of solid tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and angiopoietin (ANGPT)/ tyrosine kinase endothelial (TEK) signaling plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis. Very little is known about the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in angiogenesis-related genes on treatment outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, we evaluated the association between SNPs in ANGPT1, ANGPT2, TEK, VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2 genes and five clinical endpoints in 422 HNSCC patients receiving radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed an association of ANGPT2 rs3739391, rs3020221 and TEK rs639225 with overall survival, and VEGF rs2010963 with overall and metastasis-free survival. VEGFR2 rs1870377 and VEGF rs699947 affected local recurrence-free survival in all patients. In the combination treatment subgroup, rs699947 predicted local, nodal, and loco-regional recurrence-free survival, whereas VEGFR2 rs2071559 showed an association with nodal recurrence-free survival. However, these associations were not statistically significant after multiple testing correction. Moreover, a strong cumulative effect of SNPs was observed that survived this adjustment. These SNPs and their combinations were independent risk factors for specific endpoints. Our data suggest that certain germline variants in ANGPT2/TEK and VEGF/VEGFR2 axes may have predictive and prognostic potential in HNSCC treated with radiation or chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Butkiewicz
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Krześniak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Tomasz Rutkowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Krzywon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Alexander Jorge Cortez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.K.); (A.J.C.)
| | - Iwona Domińczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.G.-K.); (M.K.); (I.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Składowski
- I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (T.R.); (K.S.)
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16
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Li Z, Wang M, Gu J, Zhao L, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Liu X. Missense Variants in Hypoxia-Induced VEGFA/VEGFR2 Signaling Predict the Outcome of Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1217-1225. [PMID: 32506171 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Collateral density variations are a major determinant of stroke outcome. Here, we explored the association of missense variants in hypoxia-induced VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and stroke outcome. We recruited 683 large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke patients as the training set from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program between August 2013 and January 2016. To validate the findings from the training set, we recruited an additional 333 LAA stroke patients between February 2016 and January 2017 as the validation set. Genotyping of target SNPs (rs11549465 [HIF-1α], rs11549467 [HIF-1α], rs1870377 [VEGFR2], and rs2305948 [VEGFR2]) was conducted using a SNPscan method. Unfavorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score > 2 at three months after index event. In the training set, the AA genotype of rs1870377 led to a decreased risk of unfavorable outcomes in the recessive model (AA vs. TA + TT, OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.95, P = 0.031). This was confirmed in the validation set (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.86, P = 0.017) and the combined set (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36-0.79, P = 0.002). We also found that A allele was a protective factor for stroke outcome in both validation set and combined set (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.49-0.99, P = 0.044 and OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.94, P = 0.012, respectively). In silico analysis indicated that the rs1870377 variant led to structural alterations in VEGFR2 that may influence its activity. Our findings demonstrate that the rs1870377 in the hypoxia-induced VEGFA/VEGFR2 axis predicts the 3-month outcome of patients with LAA stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibao Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jinyu Gu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Yongtao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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17
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Refae S, Gal J, Brest P, Giacchero D, Borchiellini D, Ebran N, Peyrade F, Guigay J, Milano G, Saada-Bouzid E. Hyperprogression under Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor: a potential role for germinal immunogenetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3565. [PMID: 32107407 PMCID: PMC7046673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperprogressive disease (HPD), an unexpected acceleration of tumor growth kinetics, is described in cancer patients treated with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 agents. Here, our aim was to take into consideration the host and explore whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in key genes involved in immune response might predispose to HPD. DNA was extracted from blood-samples from 98 patients treated under CPI monotherapy. Four candidate genes (PD-1, PD-L1, IDO1 and VEGFR2) and 15 potential SNPs were selected. The TGKR (ratio of the slope of tumor growth before treatment and the slope of tumor growth on treatment) was calculated. Hyperprogression was defined as a TGKR≥2. TGKR calculation was feasible for 80 patients (82%). HPD was observed for 11 patients (14%) and was associated with shorter overall survival (P = 0.003). In univariate analysis, HPD was significantly associated with age ≥70 y (P = 0.025), immune-related toxicity (P = 0.016), VEGFR2 rs1870377 A/T or A/A (P = 0.005), PD-L1 rs2282055 G/T or G/G (P = 0.024) and PD-L1 rs2227981 G/A or A/A (P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis confirmed the correlation between HPD and age ≥70 y (P = 0.006), VEGFR2 rs1870377 A/T or A/A (P = 0.007) and PD-L1 rs2282055 G/T or G/G (P = 0.018). Immunogenetics could become integral predictive factors for CPI-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadal Refae
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Oncopharmacology Unit, Nice, France
| | - Jocelyn Gal
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Nice, France
| | - Patrick Brest
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, CNRS, Inserm, Ircan, FHU-Oncoage, Nice, F-06189, France
| | - Damien Giacchero
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Medical Oncology Department, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Borchiellini
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Medical Oncology Department, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Ebran
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Oncopharmacology Unit, Nice, France
| | - Frederic Peyrade
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Medical Oncology Department, Nice, France
| | - Joël Guigay
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Medical Oncology Department, Nice, France
| | - Gérard Milano
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Oncopharmacology Unit, Nice, France.
| | - Esma Saada-Bouzid
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Medical Oncology Department, Nice, France
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Zhuo YJ, Shi Y, Wu T. NRP-1 and KDR polymorphisms are associated with survival time in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4629-4638. [PMID: 31611971 PMCID: PMC6781724 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a member of the NRP-family, has been reported to be vital for tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. As a co-receptor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), NRP-1 can bind to VEGF and meditate vascular development through the VEGF-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathway. Furthermore, NRP-1 is capable of binding with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to regulate the PDGF-PDGF receptor (PDGR) signaling pathway in tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, The DNA was obtained from the paraffin-embedded tissues of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), amplified using PCR and subsequently sequenced to determine the polymorphisms within NRP-1, VEGFR2 [kinase insert domain receptor (KDR)] and PDGF. The effect of the functional polymorphism of the aforementioned genes on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 81 patients with advanced gastric cancer was examined. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KDR were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. The rs1870377 TT genotype was positively associated with longer OS and PFS times compared with the AA+AT genotype (PFS, P=0.012; OS, P=0.038), the rs7692791 wild-type TT genotype was positively associated with longer PFS time and the rs2034965 AA+GA genotype was associated with shorter OS time (P=0.034). With regards to the SNPs of NRP-1, the rs2065364 AA genotype was significantly associated with improved OS and PFS times (PFS, P=0.023; OS, P=0.045). Following multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression models, patients with the KDR rs7692791 TT genotype experienced a longer PFS time compared with those with the CT genotype (P=0.016), and patients with the NRP-1 rs2065364 variant-type AA genotype still experienced a longer PFS time compared with those patients with the AG+GG genotypes (P=0.006). Regarding OS, the results demonstrated that the KDR rs2034965 AG+GG genotypes presented with a significant reduction in OS time (P=0.029), and that the KDR rs1870377 AT+AA genotypes had worse OS times compared with the wild-type TT genotype (P=0.021). In addition, increased mortality risk and AGC progression were significantly associated with the number of adverse alleles for combinations of NRP-1 rs2065364 and KDR rs1870377. In conclusion, the data from the present study demonstrated that the selected KDR and NRP-1 gene polymorphisms may be potential prognostic biomarkers in AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Jian Zhuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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Vasconcelos VCA, Lourenço GJ, Brito ABC, Vasconcelos VL, Maldaun MVC, Tedeschi H, Marie SKN, Shinjo SMO, Lima CSP. Associations ofVEGFAandKDRsingle-nucleotide polymorphisms and increased risk and aggressiveness of high-grade gliomas. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319872092. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428319872092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, induced by the vascular endothelial growth factor A through its ligation to the vascular endothelial growth receptor 2, has been described as a crucial point in high-grade glioma development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of VEGFA–2578C/A, −2489C/T, −1154G/A, −634G/C, and −460C/T, and KDR–604T/C, −271G/A, +1192G/A, and +1719A/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms on risk and clinicopathological aspects of high-grade glioma. This case–control study enrolled 205 high-grade glioma patients and 205 controls. Individuals with VEGFA–2578 CC or CA, VEGFA–1154 GG, VEGFA–634 GC or CC, and VEGFA–460 CT or TT genotypes were under 2.56, 1.53, 1.54, and 1.84 increased risks of high-grade glioma, compared to others, respectively. And 1.61, 2.66, 2.52, 2.53, and 2.02 increased risks of high-grade glioma were seen in individuals with VEGFA–2578 CC plus VEGFA–1154 GG, VEGFA–2578 CC or CA plus VEGFA–634 GC or CC, VEGFA–2578 CC or CA plus VEGFA–460 CT or TT, VEGFA–1154 GG or GA plus VEGFA–634 GC or CC, and VEGFA 634 GC or CC plus VEGFA–460 CT or TT combined genotypes, respectively, when compared to others. The “CAGT” haplotype of KDR single-nucleotide polymorphisms was more common in patients with grade IV than in those with grade III tumors, and individuals carrying this haplotype were at 1.76 increased risk of developing grade IV tumors than others. We present, for the first time, preliminary evidence that VEGFA–2578C/A and VEGFA–1154G/A single-nucleotide polymorphisms increases high-grade glioma risk, and “CAGT” haplotype of the KDR gene alters high-grade glioma aggressiveness and risk of grade IV tumors in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angelo Borsarelli Carvalho Brito
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Victor Leal Vasconcelos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Helder Tedeschi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
- Clinical Oncology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Keshavarz L, Yavarian M. The association of Q472H variant in the KDR gene with recurrent pregnancy loss in Southern Iran: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:473-480. [PMID: 31508572 PMCID: PMC6718886 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i7.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) often remains unclear and can be burden for the patient and time consuming for clinician. RSA may initiates from a genetic or non-genetic factors. It is well known that the quality of placental circulation is critical for implantation and embryo development. Because of angiogenic effects of VEGF–KDR pathway on placenta, the genes involved in this pathway (the KDR or VEGFR genes) are thought to be linked with RSA. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Gln472His (A/T) polymorphism of the KDR gene with RSAs in southern Iran. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, 50 aborted embryonic tissue obtained from fetuses and 50 umbilical cord blood of newborn babies were studied. Fetal sample from mothers with history of at least two consecutive miscarriages and controls from mothers who had at least one full-term infants born were taken. Genomic DNA was extracted by using PureLink genomic DNA kit (Life Technologies, CA). The Rotor-Gene Q real-Time PCR machine and High-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM) technique were used for genotyping. Results Based on the AA genotype as reference, it is shown that the T allele (OR = 2.447, 95% CI = 1.095–5.468, p = 0.029) as well as AT heterozygote genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (OR = 2.824, 95% CI = 1.210-6.673, p = 0.016). Conclusion A positive correlation between Q472H polymorphism of the KDR gene and RSA may be the cause in southern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Keshavarz
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Yavarian
- Shiraz Nephron-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Butt E, Alyami S, Nageeti T, Saeed M, AlQuthami K, Bouazzaoui A, Athar M, Abduljaleel Z, Al-Allaf F, Taher M. Mutation profiling of anaplastic ependymoma grade III by Ion Proton next generation DNA sequencing. F1000Res 2019; 8:613. [PMID: 32612806 PMCID: PMC7317822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18721.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ependymomas are glial tumors derived from differentiated ependymal cells. In contrast to other types of brain tumors, histological grading is not a good prognostic marker for these tumors. In order to determine genomic changes in an anaplastic ependymoma, we analyzed its mutation patterns by next generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: Tumor DNA was sequenced using an Ion PI v3 chip on Ion Proton instrument and the data were analyzed by Ion Reporter 5.6. Results: NGS analysis identified 19 variants, of which four were previously reported missense variants; c.395G>A in IDH1, c.1173A>G in PIK3CA, c.1416A>T in KDR and c.215C>G in TP53. The frequencies of the three missense mutations ( PIK3CA c.1173A>G, KDR c.1416A>T, TP53, c.215C>G) were high, suggesting that these are germline variants, whereas the IDH1 variant frequency was low (4.81%). However, based on its FATHMM score of 0.94, only the IDH1 variant is pathogenic; other variants TP53, PIK3CA and KDR had FATHMM scores of 0.22, 0.56 and 0.07, respectively. Eight synonymous mutations were found in FGFR3, PDGFRA, EGFR, RET, HRAS, FLT3, APC and SMAD4 genes. The mutation in FLT3 p.(Val592Val) was the only novel variant found. Additionally, two known intronic variants in KDR were found and intronic variants were also found in ERBB4 and PIK3CA. A known splice site mutation at an acceptor site in FLT3, a 3'-UTR variant in the CSF1R gene and a 5'_UTR variant in the SMARCB1 gene were also identified. The p-values were below 0.00001 for all variants and the average coverage for all variants was around 2000x. Conclusions: In this grade III ependymoma, one novel synonymous mutation and one deleterious missense mutation is reported. Many of the variants reported here have not been detected in ependymal tumors by NGS analysis previously and we therefore report these variants in brain tissue for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Butt
- Histopathology Division, Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Histopathology Department, Amna Inayat Medical College, Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabra Alyami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Nageeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University and Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlQuthami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Blood Bank, Al-Noor Specialty Hospital, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainularifeen Abduljaleel
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohiuddin Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics and Science and Technology Unit, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Prognostic effect of VEGF gene variants in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:433-440. [PMID: 30977010 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical and pathological characteristics are still considered prognostic markers in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients but they cannot explain all interindividual variability. Tumoral angiogenesis mediated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical for the progression and metastasis of the disease. We aimed to investigate the prognostic role of genetic variants within the VEGF pathway in patients with metastatic NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively included 170 patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. A comprehensive panel of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes belonging to the VEGF pathway (VEGFA, VEGFR1/FLT1, VEGFR2/KDR, GRB2, ITGAV, KISS1, KRAS, PRKCE, HIF1α, MAP2K4, MAP2K6, and MAPK11) were genotyped in blood DNA samples. SNPs were evaluated for association with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS In multivariate analyses adjusted for patient characteristics, we found that VEGFA rs2010963 and VEGFR2 rs2071559 were significantly associated with OS [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.7 (0.5-0.9); p = 0.026 and HR 1.5 (1.1-2.3); p = 0.025, respectively]. Additionally, ITGAV rs35251833 and MAPK11 rs2076139 were significantly associated with PFS [HR 2.5 (1.4-4.3; p = 0.002 and HR 0.6 (0.5-0.9); p = 0.013, respectively]. CONCLUSION Our findings reinforce the potential clinical value of germline variants in VEGFA and VEGFR2 and show for the first time variants in ITGAV and MAPK11 as promising prognostic markers in metastatic NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Oszajca K, Szemraj J, Wyrzykowski D, Chrzanowska B, Salamon A, Przewratil P. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 genes and risk of infantile hemangioma. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1201-1207. [PMID: 29984822 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumor of childhood and infancy. It is distinguished by rapid proliferation of endothelial cells during the first year of life followed by spontaneous regression thereafter. One of the possible factors responsible for the IH development is vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected polymorphisms in the genes coding for VEGF-A (+405 G/C, rs2010963; +936 C/T, rs3025039) and its receptor VEGFR-2 (+1416 T/A, rs1870377; -271 G/A, rs7667298) on the susceptibility to infantile hemangioma. METHODS We performed a case-control study of 99 Polish children hospitalized due to IH and compared them with matched healthy control subjects. The polymorphisms were ascertained through genotyping by PCR-RFLP assay, PCR-HRM, or the allelic discrimination method. RESULTS The study revealed a lower odds of infantile hemangioma in individuals with GG genotype or G allele for +405 G/C VEGF-A polymorphism (ORdis = 0.52, P = 0.023 and ORdis = 0.63, P = 0.025, respectively). No association was observed for the remaining VEGF and VEGFR-2 polymorphisms and IH risk. CONCLUSIONS In our study, none of the investigated VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 genes polymorphisms was found to be an independent prognostic marker for infantile hemangioma. However, there is evidence that individuals carrying at least one G allele of +405 G/C VEGF-A polymorphism have significantly lower risk of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Oszajca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Youth, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Chrzanowska
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology for Children and Youth, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aneta Salamon
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Przewratil
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Ku BM, Heo MH, Kim JH, Cho BC, Cho EK, Min YJ, Lee KH, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Kim TJ, Lee HY, Kim H, Lee KJ, Ahn MJ. Molecular Screening of Small Biopsy Samples Using Next-Generation Sequencing in Korean Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Korean Lung Cancer Consortium (KLCC-13-01). J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 52:148-156. [PMID: 29575851 PMCID: PMC5964289 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2018.03.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common type of cancer with poor prognosis. As individual cancers exhibit unique mutation patterns, identifying and characterizing gene mutations in NSCLC might help predict patient outcomes and guide treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical adequacy of molecular testing using next-generation sequencing (NGS) for small biopsy samples and characterize the mutational landscape of Korean patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods DNA was extracted from small biopsy samples of 162 patients with advanced NSCLC. Targeted NGS of genomic alterations was conducted using Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2. Results The median age of patients was 64 years (range, 32 to 83 years) and the majority had stage IV NSCLC at the time of cancer diagnosis (90%). Among the 162 patients, 161 patients (99.4%) had novel or hotspot mutations (range, 1 to 21 mutated genes). Mutations were found in 41 genes. Three of the most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (151, 93.2%), KDR (104, 64.2%), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; 69, 42.6%). We also observed coexistence of EGFR and other oncogene (such as KRAS, PIC3CA, PTEN, and STK11) mutations. Given that 69.6% (48/69) of EGFR mutant patients were treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR mutant status had higher prognostic ability in this study. Conclusions These results suggest that targeted NGS using small biopsy samples is feasible and allows for the detection of both common and rare mutations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Ku
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Heo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hang Kim
- CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Cho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Division of Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojoong Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Cheymol C, Abramovici O, Do Cao C, Dumont A, Robin YM, El Hajbi F, Dansin E, Bonneterre J, Lauridant G. [Neuroendocrine tumors of the breast: Myth or reality? A systematic review]. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:431-439. [PMID: 29567279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary neuroendocrine breast carcinomas are rare and little-known tumors. Only a limited number of studies on neuroendocrine breast carcinomas have been reported in the literature, and the vast majority of them are small retrospective series or case reports. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), they account for only 2 % to 5 % of breast cancers. Their diagnosis relies on the presence of a neuroendocrine architecture and the expression of neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin A and/or synaptophysin). The revised 2012 WHO classification subdivides them into three categories: (i) well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, (ii) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas or small-cell carcinomas, and (iii) invasive breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Their clinical features and radiological characteristics are not different from those of other types of breast cancer. Because of discordant results, their clinical outcome is still poorly defined. So far, no standard treatment has been established, and most clinicians draw on their experience of invasive ductal cancer. The role of specific treatments like platinum-based chemotherapy, somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radionucleide therapy or temozolomide remains unclear. A better knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in their carcinogenesis could help to identify new potential therapeutic targets. The efficacy of targeted therapies has to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Cheymol
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, département de sénologie, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivia Abramovici
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, département d'anatomie et cytopathologie, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christine Do Cao
- Centre hospitalo-universitaire régional de Lille 2, service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et maladies métaboliques, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Dumont
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, unité d'oncologie moléculaire humaine, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Yves-Marie Robin
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, département d'anatomie et cytopathologie, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Farid El Hajbi
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, département d'oncologie urodigestive, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Dansin
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, département de cancérologie cervicofaciale et thoracique, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jacques Bonneterre
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, département de sénologie, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Géraldine Lauridant
- Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer des Hauts de France, centre Oscar-Lambret, département de sénologie, 3, rue Frédéric-Combemale, 59000 Lille, France.
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Schulz J, Mah N, Neuenschwander M, Kischka T, Ratei R, Schlag PM, Castaños-Vélez E, Fichtner I, Tunn PU, Denkert C, Klaas O, Berdel WE, von Kries JP, Makalowski W, Andrade-Navarro MA, Leutz A, Wethmar K. Loss-of-function uORF mutations in human malignancies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2395. [PMID: 29402903 PMCID: PMC5799362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome profiling revealed widespread translational activity at upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and validated uORF-mediated translational control as a commonly repressive mechanism of gene expression. Translational activation of proto-oncogenes through loss-of-uORF mutations has been demonstrated, yet a systematic search for cancer-associated genetic alterations in uORFs is lacking. Here, we applied a PCR-based, multiplex identifier-tagged deep sequencing approach to screen 404 uORF translation initiation sites of 83 human tyrosine kinases and 49 other proto-oncogenes in 308 human malignancies. We identified loss-of-function uORF mutations in EPHB1 in two samples derived from breast and colon cancer, and in MAP2K6 in a sample of colon adenocarcinoma. Both mutations were associated with enhanced translation, suggesting that loss-of-uORF-mediated translational induction of the downstream main protein coding sequence may have contributed to carcinogenesis. Computational analysis of whole exome sequencing datasets of 464 colon adenocarcinomas subsequently revealed another 53 non-recurrent somatic mutations functionally deleting 22 uORF initiation and 31 uORF termination codons, respectively. These data provide evidence for somatic mutations affecting uORF initiation and termination codons in human cancer. The insufficient coverage of uORF regions in current whole exome sequencing datasets demands for future genome-wide analyses to ultimately define the contribution of uORF-mediated translational deregulation in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schulz
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nancy Mah
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Neuenschwander
- Leibniz Institute fuer Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tabea Kischka
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Muenster, Niels-Stensen-Straße 14, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Richard Ratei
- Carl-Thiem-Klinikum, 2. Medizinische Klinik, Thiemstr. 111, 03048, Cottbus, Germany.,Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter M Schlag
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Iduna Fichtner
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Per-Ulf Tunn
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Schwanebecker Chaussee 50, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klaas
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- University Hospital Muenster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jens P von Kries
- Leibniz Institute fuer Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wojciech Makalowski
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Muenster, Niels-Stensen-Straße 14, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
- Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Achim Leutz
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Humboldt-University, Department of Biology, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wethmar
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,University Hospital Muenster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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27
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Expanded molecular profiling of myxofibrosarcoma reveals potentially actionable targets. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1698-1709. [PMID: 28776571 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myxofibrosarcomas are morphologically heterogeneous soft tissue sarcomas lacking a specific immunohistochemical expression profile and recurrent genetic changes. The study was designed to gain further insights into the molecular landscape of myxofibrosarcomas by targeted re-sequencing of known cancer driver hotspot mutations and the analysis of genomewide somatic copy number alterations. A well-defined group of myxofibrosarcomas, including myxofibrosarcomas G1 (n=6), myxofibrosarcomas G3 (n=7), myxofibrosarcomas with morphologically heterogeneous and independently selectable G1 and G3 areas within a tumor (n=8), and myxofibrosarcomas G3 with subsequent tumor recurrence (n=1) or metastatic disease (n=3) were evaluated. Mutational analysis demonstrated mutations in TP53, PTEN, FGFR3, CDKN2A, and RB1. TP53 mutations were seen in 11 (44%) of patients and detected in myxofibrosarcomas G1, G3, with heterogeneous morphology and G3 with subsequent metastases in 1 patient (16%), 3 patients (42%), 2 patients (62.5%), and 3 patients (75%), respectively. Additional mutations were detected in 2 patients, intratumoral mutational heterogeneity in 1 patient. We observed a variety of copy number alterations typical for myxofibrosarcomas, with higher numbers in G3 compared with G1 myxofibrosarcomas. Cluster analysis revealed distinctive features especially in metastatic and recurrent disease. Focal alterations affected CDKN2A, CCND1, CCNE1, EGFR, EPHA3, EPHB1, FGFR1, JUN, NF1, RB1, RET, TP53, and additional novel amplifications in CCNE1, KIT, EGFR, RET, BRAF, NTRK2 were seen in G3 compared with the G1 tumor areas. The total number of focal events in G1 versus G3 tumors differed significantly (P=0.0014). TRIO and RICTOR co-amplification was seen in 8 (44%) G3 and 1 (10%) G1 myxofibrosarcomas and RICTOR amplification alone in 4 (40%) G1 myxofibrosarcomas. TRIO amplification was significantly (P=0.0218) higher in G3 myxofibrosarcomas indicating a late genetic event. These findings support the use of expanded molecular profiling in myxofibrosarcomas to detect drug-able targets to allow patients to participate in basket trials.
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Verboom MC, Kloth JSL, Swen JJ, van der Straaten T, Bovée JVMG, Sleijfer S, Reyners AKL, Mathijssen RHJ, Guchelaar HJ, Steeghs N, Gelderblom H. Genetic polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes are associated with worse progression-free survival of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with imatinib. Eur J Cancer 2017; 86:226-232. [PMID: 29054076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib 400 mg per day is first-line therapy for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). Although clinical benefit is high, progression-free survival (PFS) is variable. This study explores the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to imatinib pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and PFS in imatinib-treated patients with advanced GIST. METHODS In 227 patients a pharmacogenetic pathway analysis was performed. Genotype data from 36 SNPs in 18 genes were tested in univariate analyses to investigate their relationship with PFS. Genetic variables which showed a trend (p < 0.1) were tested in a multivariate model, in which each singular SNP was added to clinicopathological factors. RESULTS In univariate analyses, PFS was associated with synchronous metastases (p = 0.0008) and the mutational status (p = 0.004). Associations with rs1870377 in KDR (additive model, p = 0.0009), rs1570360 in VEGFA (additive model, p = 0.053) and rs4149117 in SLCO1B3 (mutant dominant model, 0.027) were also found. In the multivariate model, significant associations and trends with shorter PFS were found for synchronous metastases (HR 1.94, p = 0.002), KIT exon 9 mutation (HR 2.45, p = 0.002) and the SNPs rs1870377 (AA genotype, HR 2.61, p = 0.015), rs1570360 (AA genotype, HR 2.02, p = 0.037) and rs4149117 (T allele, HR 0.62, p = 0.083). CONCLUSION In addition to KIT exon 9 mutation and synchronous metastases, SNPs in KDR, VEGFA and SLCO1B3 appear to be associated with PFS in patients with advanced GIST receiving 400-mg imatinib. If validated, specific SNPs may serve as predictive biomarkers to identify patients with an increased risk for progressive disease during imatinib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C Verboom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacqueline S L Kloth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse J Swen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tahar van der Straaten
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna K L Reyners
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Guchelaar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Molecular subtype specific efficacy of MEK inhibitors in pancreatic cancers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185687. [PMID: 28957417 PMCID: PMC5619833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an increasing cause of cancer related death worldwide. KRAS is the dominant oncogene in this cancer type and molecular rationale would indicate, that inhibitors of the downstream target MEK could be appropriate targeted agents, but clinical trials have failed so far to achieve statistically significant benefit in unselected patients. We aimed to identify predictive molecular biomarkers that can help to define subgroups where MEK inhibitors might be beneficial alone or in combination. Next-generation sequencing data of 50 genes in three pancreatic cancer cell lines (MiaPaCa2, BxPC3 and Panc1) were analyzed and compared to the molecular profile of 138 clinical pancreatic cancer samples to identify the molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer these cell lines represent. Luminescent cell viability assay was used to determine the sensitivity of cell lines to kinase inhibitors. Western blot was used to analyze the pathway activity of the examined cell lines. According to our cell viability and pathway activity data on these model cell lines only cells harboring the rare G12C KRAS mutation and low EGFR expression are sensitive to single MEK inhibitor (trametinib) treatment. The common G12D KRAS mutation leads to elevated baseline Akt activity, thus treatment with single MEK inhibitors fails. However, combination of MEK and Akt inhibitors are synergistic in this case. In case of wild-type KRAS and high EGFR expression MEK inhibitor induced Akt phosphorylation leads to trametinib resistance which necessitates for MEK and EGFR or Akt inhibitor combination treatment. In all we provide strong preclinical rational and possible molecular mechanism to revisit MEK inhibitor therapy in pancreatic cancer in both monotherapy and combination, based on molecular profile analysis of pancreatic cancer samples and cell lines. According to our most remarkable finding, a small subgroup of patients with G12C KRAS mutation may still benefit from MEK inhibitor monotherapy.
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Pădureanu V, Boldeanu MV, Streaţă I, Cucu MG, Siloşi I, Boldeanu L, Bogdan M, Enescu AŞ, Forţofoiu M, Enescu A, Dumitrescu EM, Alexandru D, Şurlin VM, Forţofoiu MC, Petrescu IO, Petrescu F, Ioana M, Ciurea ME, Săftoiu A. Determination of VEGFR-2 (KDR) 604A>G Polymorphism in Pancreatic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020439. [PMID: 28218664 PMCID: PMC5343973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic disorders have a high prevalence worldwide. Despite the fact that screening methods became more effective and the knowledge we have nowadays about pancreatic diseases has enhanced, their incidence remains high. Our purpose was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of VEGFR-2/KDR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/kinase insert domain receptor) influences susceptibility to develop pancreatic pathology. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (n = 110), chronic pancreatitis (n = 25), pancreatic cancer (n = 82) and healthy controls (n = 232). VEGFR-2 (KDR) 604A>G (rs2071559) polymorphism frequency was determined with TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Statistical assessment was performed by associating genetic polymorphism with clinical and pathological data. In both pancreatic disorders and healthy control groups the polymorphism we studied was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association between increased risk for pancreatic disorders and studied polymorphism was statistically significant. KDR 604AG and AG + GG genotypes were more prevalent in acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer patients than in controls. These genotypes influence disease development in a low rate. No association was found between chronic pancreatitis and KDR 604AG and AG + GG genotypes. In Romanian cohort, we found an association between the KDR 604A→G polymorphism and acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Carriers of the -604G variant allele were more frequent among acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer than among controls, suggesting that KDR 604G allele may confer an increased risk for these diseases. In the future, more extensive studies on larger groups are necessary, in order to clarify the role of VEGFR2 polymorphisms in pancreatic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
- Medico Science SRL-Stem Cell Bank Unit, 1B Brazda lui Novac Street, 200690 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ioana Streaţă
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Mihai Gabriel Cucu
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Isabela Siloşi
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Medico Science SRL-Stem Cell Bank Unit, 1B Brazda lui Novac Street, 200690 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Maria Bogdan
- Maria Bogdan, Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Anca Ştefania Enescu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Maria Forţofoiu
- Department of Medico-Surgical Emergencies, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Aurelia Enescu
- Department of Medico-Surgical Emergencies, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Elena Mădălina Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Dragoş Alexandru
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Valeriu Marian Şurlin
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Mircea Cătălin Forţofoiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ileana Octavia Petrescu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Florin Petrescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genomics Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Marius Eugen Ciurea
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Adrian Săftoiu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
- Visiting Clinical Professor, Gastrointestinal Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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KRAS genetic variant as a prognostic factor for recurrence in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:884-890. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ivanov M, Laktionov K, Breder V, Chernenko P, Novikova E, Telysheva E, Musienko S, Baranova A, Mileyko V. Towards standardization of next-generation sequencing of FFPE samples for clinical oncology: intrinsic obstacles and possible solutions. J Transl Med 2017; 15:22. [PMID: 28137276 PMCID: PMC5282851 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next generation sequencing has a potential to revolutionize the management of cancer patients within the framework of precision oncology. Nevertheless, lack of standardization decelerated entering of the technology into the clinical testing space. Here we dissected a number of common problems of NGS diagnostics in oncology and introduced ways they can be resolved. METHODS DNA was extracted from 26 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens and processed with the TrueSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel (Illumina Inc, San Diego, California) targeting 48 cancer-related genes and sequenced in single run. Sequencing data were comparatively analyzed by several bioinformatics pipelines. RESULTS Libraries yielded sufficient coverage to detect even low prevalent mutations. We found that the number of FFPE sequence artifacts significantly correlates with pre-normalization concentration of libraries (rank correlation -0.81; p < 1e-10), thus, contributing to sample-specific variant detection cut-offs. Surprisingly, extensive validation of EGFR mutation calls by a combination of aligners and variant callers resulted in identification of two false negatives and one false positive that were due to complexity of underlying genomic change, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Additionally, the study of the non-EGFR amplicons revealed 33 confirmed unique mutations in 17 genes, with TP53 being the most frequently mutated. Clinical relevance of these finding is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Reporting of entire mutational spectrum revealed by targeted sequencing is questionable, at least until the clinically-driven guidelines on reporting of somatic mutations are established. The standardization of sequencing protocols, especially their data analysis components, requires assay-, disease-, and, in many cases, even sample-specific customization that could be performed only in cooperation with clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Ivanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Atlas Biomed Group, Moscow, 121069 Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Konstantin Laktionov
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - Valery Breder
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - Polina Chernenko
- N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - Ekaterina Novikova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology (RSCRR) of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology), Moscow, 117485 Russia
| | - Ekaterina Telysheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology (RSCRR) of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology), Moscow, 117485 Russia
| | | | - Ancha Baranova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia
- Atlas Biomed Group, Moscow, 121069 Russia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478 Russia
- Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic and Rare Diseases, School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA USA
| | - Vladislav Mileyko
- Atlas Biomed Group, Moscow, 121069 Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
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An exploratory association of polymorphisms in angiogenesis-related genes with susceptibility, clinical response and toxicity in gastrointestinal stromal tumors receiving sunitinib after imatinib failure. Angiogenesis 2016; 20:139-148. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Tinhofer I, Stenzinger A, Eder T, Konschak R, Niehr F, Endris V, Distel L, Hautmann MG, Mandic R, Stromberger C, Weichert W, Budach V. Targeted next-generation sequencing identifies molecular subgroups in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with distinct outcome after concurrent chemoradiation. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:2262-2268. [PMID: 27681865 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on epidemiological (HPV status, smoking habits) and clinical risk factors (T/N stage), three subgroups of patients suffering from locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma with significantly different outcome after concurrent chemoradiation (cCRTX) can be distinguished. Mutational profiling by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) might further improve risk stratification. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and hypopharynx who had been enrolled in a randomized phase III trial (ARO-0401) comparing two regimens of cCRTX and from whom archival tumor specimens were available were included. The HPV status was determined by p16 immunostaining and detection of HPV DNA. Targeted NGS covering 45 genes frequently altered in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) was applied for detection of non-synonymous somatic and germline mutations. Interference of mutational profiles with cCRTX efficacy was determined. RESULTS The prognostic value of the 'Ang' risk model could be confirmed in the total biomarker study cohort (N = 175) as well as the patient subgroup for which mutational profiles could be established (N = 97). Mutations in genes involved in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), and p53 signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the low- (N = 7), intermediate- (N = 20), and high-risk group (N = 70), respectively. Mutations in TP53 identified a subgroup of high-risk patients with dismal outcome after cCRTX. No prognostic relevance was observed for mutations in PI3K and RTK signaling pathways in the low- and intermediate-risk groups, respectively. Mutated NOTCH1 and two functional KDR germline variants (rs2305948, rs1870377) were associated with improved outcome in all risk groups. All genetic markers (TP53, NOTCH1, KDR) remained independent prognosticators of OS in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION A potential of targeted NGS for risk classification of SCCHN cases beyond HPV status and clinical factors was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tinhofer
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital, Berlin .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Berlin
| | - A Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - T Eder
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital, Berlin.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Berlin
| | - R Konschak
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital, Berlin.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Berlin
| | - F Niehr
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital, Berlin.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Berlin
| | - V Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen
| | - M G Hautmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg
| | - R Mandic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg
| | - C Stromberger
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital, Berlin
| | - W Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Munich, Germany
| | - V Budach
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite University Hospital, Berlin
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Solini A, Simeon V, Derosa L, Orlandi P, Rossi C, Fontana A, Galli L, Di Desidero T, Fioravanti A, Lucchesi S, Coltelli L, Ginocchi L, Allegrini G, Danesi R, Falcone A, Bocci G. Genetic interaction of P2X7 receptor and VEGFR-2 polymorphisms identifies a favorable prognostic profile in prostate cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28743-54. [PMID: 26337470 PMCID: PMC4745689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGFR-2 and P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) have been described to stimulate the angiogenesis and inflammatory processes of prostate cancer. The present study has been performed to investigate the genetic interactions among VEGFR-2 and P2X7R SNPs and their correlation with overall survival (OS) in a population of metastatic prostate cancer patients. Analyses were performed on germline DNA obtained from blood samples and SNPs were investigated by real-time PCR technique. The survival dimensionality reduction (SDR) methodology was applied to investigate the genetic interaction between SNPs. One hundred patients were enrolled. The SDR software provided two genetic interaction profiles consisting of the combination between specific VEGFR-2 (rs2071559, rs11133360) and P2X7R (rs3751143, rs208294) genotypes. The median OS was 126 months (95% CI, 115.94–152.96) and 65.65 months (95% CI, 52.95–76.53) for the favorable and the unfavorable genetic profile, respectively (p < 0.0001). The genetic statistical interaction between VEGFR-2 (rs2071559, rs11133360) and P2X7R (rs3751143, rs208294) genotypes may identify a population of prostate cancer patients with a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Oncology Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Orlandi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Oncology Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Oncology Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa Di Desidero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Fioravanti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Lucchesi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pontedera Hospital, Azienda USL of Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Luigi Coltelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pontedera Hospital, Azienda USL of Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Laura Ginocchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pontedera Hospital, Azienda USL of Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Giacomo Allegrini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Pontedera Hospital, Azienda USL of Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Guido Bocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Marjanovic I, Kostic J, Stanic B, Pejanovic N, Lucic B, Karan-Djurasevic T, Janic D, Dokmanovic L, Jankovic S, Vukovic NS, Tomin D, Perisic O, Rakocevic G, Popovic M, Pavlovic S, Tosic N. Parallel targeted next generation sequencing of childhood and adult acute myeloid leukemia patients reveals uniform genomic profile of the disease. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13391-13401. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Somatic gene mutation analysis of triple negative breast cancers. Breast 2016; 29:202-7. [PMID: 27397723 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to analyze triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) using an expanded next generation sequencing (NGS) assay, assess the clinical relevance using a recently described database, and correlate tumor morphology with detected genetic alterations. METHODS DNA was isolated from twenty primary TNBCs and genes of interest were enriched and sequenced with hybrid capture, followed by variant detection and functional and clinical annotation. The JAX-CTP™ assay detects actionable variants in the form of single nucleotide variations, small insertions and deletions (≤50 bp), and copy number variants in 358 genes in specimens containing a neoplastic cell content of ≥50%. The JAX-CKB is a comprehensive database that curates tumor phenotype, genetic variant and protein effect, therapeutic relevance, and available treatment options. RESULTS 18/20 (90%) of TNBCs contained at least one somatic mutation detected by the JAX-CTP™. MYC amplification was the most common alteration, present in 75% of tumors. TP53, AURKA, and KDR mutations were each present in 30% (6/20) of cases. Related recruiting clinical trials, extracted from JAX-CKB, included 166 for breast cancer, of which 17 were specific to only the TNBC subtype. All 17 trials were testing at least one therapy that targets a mutation identified in this sample set. The majority (89%) of tumors with basal-like histologic features had MYC amplification. CONCLUSIONS The expanded gene panel identified a variety of clinically actionable gene alterations in TNBCs. The identification of such variants increases the possibility for new therapeutic interventions and clinical trial eligibility for TNBC patients.
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Advances and Applications of Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveal Novel Gene Mutations. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060464. [PMID: 28773588 PMCID: PMC5456775 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (Ion PGM) is a semiconductor-based sequencing technology that is high quality, scalable, and economic. Its applications include genomic sequencing, drug resistance testing, microbial characterization, and targeted sequencing in cancer studies. However, little is known about the application of Ion PGM in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). We therefore investigated the utility and validity of Ion PGM in cSCC and also gained a better understanding of the underlying molecular biology of cSCC. We detected novel gene mutations (KDR, FGFR2, and EGFR) in two cSCC patients. Moreover, we validated these mutations by pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing. Our results indicated that the mutation screen using Ion PGM is consistent with traditional sequencing methods. Notably, these identified mutations were present at significantly higher rates in high-risk cSCC. Our results demonstrate a method to detect targetable genes in high-risk cSCC, and suggest that Ion PGM may enable therapeutic decision-making and future potential targets for personalized therapies in cSCC.
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Amplification of mutated NRAS leading to congenital melanoma in neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Melanoma Res 2016; 25:453-60. [PMID: 26266759 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms behind malignant progression in patients with giant nevi are largely unknown. Here, we aim to describe novel genetic findings and explain possible mechanisms resulting in the most severe form of neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Detailed histological (biopsy and post-mortem) studies, tissue culture, and high-resolution cytogenetic analysis, including chromosome and array comparative genomic hybridization, Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Panel, and Sanger sequencing, were performed on tissues from a white male who succumbed at 17 months of age to congenital melanoma associated with a bathing-trunk nevus. We also used quantitative PCR to quantitatively assess the expression of NRAS among normal cells, including fibroblast and melanocytes, as well as melanoma cells from our patient. Full autopsy documented tumors in the brain, spinal cord, lung, liver, testis, bone marrow, and, retrospectively, in the placenta. Next-generation sequencing and chromosome microarray in our patient revealed novel findings, including duplication of a mutated NRAS gene, leading to an aggressive clinical course and disseminated disease. Quantitative PCR showed a five-fold increase in NRAS expression in the melanoma cell line when compared with normal melanocytes. Finally, three amino acid-changing germline variants were detected: homozygous TP53 p.P72R, heterozygous KIT p.M541L, and homozygous KDR (VEGFR2) p.Q472H. These genes are involved in malignancy and other potentially relevant pathways, such as mast cell and melanocytic signaling, as well as angiogenesis. These findings provide novel insights into the biology of congenital melanocytic proliferations, showing that amplification of mutated NRAS seems to represent a new genetic mechanism leading to melanoma in the context of neurocutaneous melanocytosis.
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40
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Somatic mutations in histiocytic sarcoma identified by next generation sequencing. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:233-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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41
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Functional FLT1 Genetic Variation is a Prognostic Factor for Recurrence in Stage I-III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:1067-75. [PMID: 26134224 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We propose that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway of angiogenesis will associate with survival in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Fifty-three SNPs in vascular endothelial growth factor-pathway genes were genotyped in 150 European stage I-III NSCLC patients and tested for associations with patient survival. Replication was performed in an independent cohort of 142 European stage I-III patients. Reporter gene assays were used to assess the effects of SNPs on transcriptional activity. RESULTS In the initial cohort, five SNPs associated (q < 0.05) with relapse-free survival (RFS). The minor alleles of intronic FLT1 SNPs, rs7996030 and rs9582036, associated with reduced RFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.67 [95% confidence interval, CI, 1.22-2.29] and HR = 1.51 [95% CI, 1.14-2.01], respectively) and reduced transcriptional activity. The minor alleles of intronic KRAS SNPs, rs12813551 and rs10505980, associated with increased RFS (HR = 0.64 [0.46-0.87] and HR = 0.64 [0.47-0.87], respectively), and the minor allelic variant of rs12813551 also reduced transcriptional activity. Lastly, the minor allele of the intronic KRAS SNP rs10842513 associated with reduced RFS (HR = 1.65 [95% CI, 1.16-2.37]). Analysis of the functional variants suggests they are located in transcriptional enhancer elements. The negative effect of rs9582036 on RFS was confirmed in the replication cohort (HR = 1.69 [0.99-2.89], p = 0.028), and the association was significant in pooled analysis of both cohorts (HR = 1.67 [1.21-2.30], p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The functional FLT1 variant rs9582036 is a prognostic determinant of recurrence in stage I-III NSCLC. Its predictive value should be tested in the adjuvant setting of stage I-III NSCLC.
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Zhang N, Liu H, Yue G, Zhang Y, You J, Wang H. Molecular Heterogeneity of Ewing Sarcoma as Detected by Ion Torrent Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153546. [PMID: 27077911 PMCID: PMC4831808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common malignant bone and soft tissue tumor in children and adolescents. Despite advances in comprehensive treatment, patients with ES metastases still suffer poor outcomes, thus, emphasizing the need for detailed genetic profiles of ES patients to identify suitable molecular biomarkers for improved prognosis and development of effective and targeted therapies. In this study, the next generation sequencing Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 was used to identify cancer-related gene mutations in the tissue samples from 20 ES patients. This platform targeted 207 amplicons of 2800 loci in 50 cancer-related genes. Among the 20 tissue specimens, 62 nonsynonymous hotspot mutations were identified in 26 cancer-related genes, revealing the molecular heterogeneity of ES. Among these, five novel mutations in cancer-related genes (KDR, STK11, MLH1, KRAS, and PTPN11) were detected in ES, and these mutations were confirmed with traditional Sanger sequencing. ES patients with KDR, STK11, and MLH1 mutations had higher Ki-67 proliferation indices than the ES patients lacking such mutations. Notably, more than half of the ES patients harbored one or two possible ‘druggable’ mutations that have been previously linked to a clinical cancer treatment option. Our results provided the foundation to not only elucidate possible mechanisms involved in ES pathogenesis but also indicated the utility of Ion Torrent sequencing as a sensitive and cost-effective tool to screen key oncogenes and tumor suppressors in order to develop personalized therapy for ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haijing Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjun Yue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangfeng You
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Meazza C, Belfiore A, Busico A, Settanni G, Paielli N, Cesana L, Ferrari A, Chiaravalli S, Massimino M, Gronchi A, Colombo C, Pilotti S, Perrone F. AKT1 and BRAF mutations in pediatric aggressive fibromatosis. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1204-13. [PMID: 27062580 PMCID: PMC4924379 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from the CTNNB1 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations, the genetic profile of pediatric aggressive fibromatosis (AF) has remained poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to shed more light on the mutational spectrum of pediatric AF, comparing it with its adult counterpart, with a view to identifying biomarkers for use as prognostic factors or new potential therapeutic targets. CTNNB1,APC,AKT1,BRAF TP53, and RET Sanger sequencing and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) with the 50‐gene Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 were performed on formalin‐fixed samples from 28 pediatric and 33 adult AFs. The prognostic value of CTNNB1,AKT1, and BRAF mutations in pediatric AF patients was investigated. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) curves were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method and statistical comparisons were drawn using the log‐rank test. In addition to the CTNNB1 mutation (64%), pediatric AF showed AKT1 (31%), BRAF (19%), and TP53 (9%) mutations, whereas only the CTNNB1 mutation was found in adult AF. The polymorphism Q472H VEGFR was identified in both pediatric (56%) and adult (40%) AF. Our results indicate that the mutational spectrum of pediatric AF is more complex than that of adult AF, with multiple gene mutations involving not only CTNNB1 but also AKT1 and BRAF. This intriguing finding may have clinical implications and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Meazza
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Adele Busico
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Settanni
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas Paielli
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cesana
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Massimino
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Vollbrecht C, Werner R, Walter RFH, Christoph DC, Heukamp LC, Peifer M, Hirsch B, Burbat L, Mairinger T, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J, Mairinger FD. Mutational analysis of pulmonary tumours with neuroendocrine features using targeted massive parallel sequencing: a comparison of a neglected tumour group. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1704-11. [PMID: 26645239 PMCID: PMC4701994 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The typical and atypical carcinoid (TC and AC), the large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and the small-cell lung cancers (SCLC) are subgroups of pulmonary tumours that show neuroendocrine differentiations. With the rising impact of molecular pathology in routine diagnostics the interest for reliable biomarkers, which can help to differentiate these subgroups and may enable a more personalised treatment of patients, grows. Methods: A collective of 70 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours (17 TCs, 17 ACs, 19 LCNECs and 17 SCLCs) was used to identify biomarkers by high-throughput sequencing. Using the Illumina TruSeq Amplicon-Cancer Panel on the MiSeq instrument, the samples were screened for alterations in 221 mutation hot spots of 48 tumour-relevant genes. Results: After filtering >26 000 detected variants by applying strict algorithms, a total of 130 mutations were found in 29 genes and 49 patients. Mutations in JAK3, NRAS, RB1 and VHL1 were exclusively found in SCLCs, whereas the FGFR2 mutation was detected in LCNEC only. KIT, PTEN, HNF1A and SMO were altered in ACs. The SMAD4 mutation corresponded to the TC subtype. We prove that the frequency of mutations increased with the malignancy of tumour type. Interestingly, four out of five ATM-mutated patients showed an additional alteration in TP53, which was by far the most frequently altered gene (28 out of 130; 22%). We found correlations between tumour type and IASLC grade for ATM- (P=0.022; P=0.008) and TP53-mutated patients (P<0.001). Both mutated genes were also associated with lymph node invasion and distant metastasis (P⩽0.005). Furthermore, PIK3CA-mutated patients with high-grade tumours showed a reduced overall survival (P=0.040) and the mutation frequency of APC and ATM in high-grade neuroendocrine lung cancer patients was associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (P=0.020). Conclusions: The implementation of high-throughput sequencing for the analysis of the neuroendocrine lung tumours has revealed that, even if these tumours encompass several subtypes with varying clinical aggressiveness, they share a number of molecular features. An improved understanding of the biology of neuroendocrine tumours will offer the opportunity for novel approaches in clinical management, resulting in a better prognosis and prediction of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Werner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Fred Henry Walter
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne Center of Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Molecular Diagnostics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Burbat
- Institute of Pathology, Molecular Diagnostics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Silva IP, Salhi A, Giles KM, Vogelsang M, Han SW, Ismaili N, Lui KP, Robinson EM, Wilson MA, Shapiro RL, Pavlick A, Zhong J, Kirchhoff T, Osman I. Identification of a Novel Pathogenic Germline KDR Variant in Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:2377-85. [PMID: 26631613 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The application of pan-cancer next-generation sequencing panels in the clinical setting has facilitated the identification of low frequency somatic mutations and the testing of new therapies in solid tumors using the "basket trial" scheme. However, little consideration has been given to the relevance of nonsynonymous germline variants, which are likely to be uncovered in tumors and germline and which may be relevant to prognostication and prediction of treatment response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed matched tumor and normal DNA from 34 melanoma patients using an Ion Torrent cancer-associated gene panel. We elected to study the germline variant Q472H in the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), which was identified in 35% of melanoma patients in both a pilot and an independent 1,223 patient cohort. Using patient-derived melanoma cell lines and human samples, we assessed proliferation, invasion, VEGF levels, and angiogenesis by analyzing tumor microvessel density (MVD) using anti-CD34 antibody. RESULTS Serum VEGF levels and tumor MVD were significantly higher in Q472H versus KDR wild-type (WD) patients. Primary cultures derived from melanomas harboring the KDR variant were more proliferative and invasive than KDR wild type. Finally, using a VEGFR2 antibody, we showed that KDR Q472H cells were sensitive to targeted inhibition of VEGFR2, an effect that was not observed in KDR WT cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the integration of germline analysis into personalized treatment decision-making and suggest that patients with germline KDR variant might benefit from antiangiogenesis treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2377-85. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines P Silva
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amel Salhi
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Keith M Giles
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matjaz Vogelsang
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sung W Han
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York. NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York, New York
| | | | - Kevin P Lui
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric M Robinson
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard L Shapiro
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Anna Pavlick
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Judy Zhong
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York. NYU Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York, New York
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Iman Osman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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46
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Novel mutations in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: possible therapeutic targets. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:97-103. [PMID: 25679062 DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e3182a40fd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare variant, accounting for only 2% to 5% of diagnosed breast cancers, and may have relatively aggressive behavior. Mutational profiling of invasive ductal breast cancers has yielded potential targets for directed cancer therapy, yet most studies have not included neuroendocrine carcinomas. In a tissue microarray screen, we found a 2.4% prevalence (9/372) of neuroendocrine breast carcinoma, including several with lobular morphology. We then screened primary or metastatic neuroendocrine breast carcinomas (excluding papillary and mucinous) for mutations in common cancer genes using polymerase chain reaction-mass spectroscopy (643 hotspot mutations across 53 genes), or semiconductor-based next-generation sequencing analysis (37 genes). Mutations were identified in 5 of 15 tumors, including 3 with PIK3CA exon 9 E542K mutations, 2 of which also harbored point mutations in FGFR family members (FGFR1 P126S, FGFR4 V550M). Single mutations were found in each of KDR (A1065T) and HRAS (G12A). PIK3CA mutations are common in other types of breast carcinoma. However, FGFR and RAS family mutations are exceedingly rare in the breast cancer literature. Likewise, activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase KDR (VEGFR2) have been reported in angiosarcomas and non-small cell lung cancers; the KDR A1065T mutation is reported to be sensitive to VEGFR kinase inhibitors, and fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors are in trials. Our findings demonstrate the utility of broad-based genotyping in the study of rare tumors such as neuroendocrine breast cancer.
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47
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Masago K, Fujita S, Muraki M, Hata A, Okuda C, Otsuka K, Kaji R, Takeshita J, Kato R, Katakami N, Hirata Y. Next-generation sequencing of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant non-small-cell lung cancers in patients harboring epidermal growth factor-activating mutations. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:908. [PMID: 26572169 PMCID: PMC4647703 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to detect the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations and other oncogene alterations in patients with non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) who experienced a treatment failure in response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with a next generation sequencer. Methods Fifteen patients with advanced NSCLC previously treated with EGFR-TKIs were examined between August 2005 and October 2014. For each case, new biopsies were performed, followed by DNA sequencing on an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) system using the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel version 2. Results All 15 patients were diagnosed with NSCLC harboring EGFR-activating mutations (seven cases of exon 19 deletion, seven cases of L858R in exon 21, and one case of L861Q in exon 21). Of the 15 cases, acquired T790M resistance mutations were detected in 9 (60.0 %) patients. In addition, other mutations were identified outside of EGFR, including 13 cases (86.7 %) exhibiting TP53 P72R mutations, 5 cases (33.3 %) of KDR Q472H, and 2 cases (13.3 %) of KIT M541L. Conclusions Here, we showed that next-generation sequencing (NGS) is able to detect EGFR T790M mutations in cases not readily diagnosed by other conventional methods. Significant differences in the degree of EGFR T790M and other EGFR-activating mutations may be indicative of the heterogeneity of disease phenotype evident within these patients. The co-existence of known oncogenic mutations within each of these patients may play a role in acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance, suggesting the need for alternative treatment strategies, with PCR-based NGS playing an important role in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Masago
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shiro Fujita
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | | | - Akito Hata
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Chiyuki Okuda
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Otsuka
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kaji
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Takeshita
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Kato
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Katakami
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yukio Hirata
- Division of Integrated Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, 2-2 Minatojima-minamimachi, Cyuo-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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Growth Hormone Ameliorates the Radiotherapy-Induced Ovarian Follicular Loss in Rats: Impact on Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and IGF-1/IGF-1R Axis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140055. [PMID: 26465611 PMCID: PMC4605641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard cytotoxic therapies for cancer. However, it has a profound impact on ovarian function leading to premature ovarian failure and infertility. Since none of the currently available methods for fertility preservation guarantees future fertility, the need for an effective radioprotective agent is highly intensified. The present study investigated the mechanisms of the potential radioprotective effect of growth hormone (GH) on γ irradiation-induced ovarian failure and the impact of the insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the underlying protection. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were either exposed to single whole body irradiation (3.2 Gy) and/or treated with GH (1 mg/kg s.c). Experimental γ-irradiation produced an array of ovarian dysfunction that was evident by assessment of hormonal changes, follicular development, proliferation marker (PCNA), oxidative stress as well as apoptotic markers. In addition, IGF-1/IGF-1R axis expression was assessed using real-time PCR and immunolocalization techniques. Furthermore, after full maturity, fertility assessment was performed. GH significantly enhanced follicular development and restored anti-Mullerian hormone serum level as compared with the irradiated group. In addition, GH significantly ameliorated the deleterious effects of irradiation on oxidative status, PCNA and apoptosis. Interestingly, GH was shown to enhance the ovarian IGF-1 at transcription and translation levels, a property that contributes significantly to its radioprotective effect. Finally, GH regained the fertility that was lost following irradiation. In conclusion, GH showed a radioprotective effect and rescued the ovarian reserve through increasing local IGF-1 level and counteracting the oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis.
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49
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Proangiogenic factors in the development of HCC in alcoholic cirrhosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39 Suppl 1:S104-8. [PMID: 26193870 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease, the most common cause of liver cirrhosis, is associated with an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Angiogenic factors have been implicated in pathophysiology of cirrhosis, and of hepatocellular carcinoma, and in particular of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, due to alcohol induced hypoxia associated with increased hepatic oxygen consumption. In one study, it was found that among genetic polymorphisms in proangiogenic factors, KDR and VEFGA may confer an increased risk of HCC, in patients with ALD. There is need of further studies of the proangiogenic factors in HCC, in order to help us define their use as prognostic markers and also as markers of response to treatment.
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Buryk MA, Picarsic JL, Creary SE, Shaw PH, Simons JP, Deutsch M, Monaco SE, Nikiforov YE, Witchel SF. Identification of Unique, Heterozygous Germline Mutation, STK11 (p.F354L), in a Child with an Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma within Six Months of Completing Treatment for Neuroblastoma. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2015; 18:318-23. [PMID: 25751324 DOI: 10.2350/15-01-1597-cr.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rare in children, although it is a known secondary malignancy after treatment for neuroblastoma (NB). The interval between NB treatment completion and PTC is usually more than 5 years. A 4-year-old, female patient with a high risk adrenal NB was found to have a 2.9-cm, right thyroid nodule on surveillance chest computed tomography (CT) 6 months after completion of her NB treatment (induction chemotherapy, tumor resection, autologous stem cell transplantation, external beam radiation to the abdominal tumor site, immunotherapy, and retinoic acid). Posttreatment surveillance included iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine scans and CT scans. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule diagnosed a follicular neoplasm, which was negative for BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, HRAS, PAX8/PPARg, and RET/PTC mutations, without evidence of metastatic NB. Nodule histology demonstrated an encapsulated follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC). Next-generation sequence analysis for a 46 cancer-gene profile was performed on both tumors with subsequent peripheral blood DNA testing. A heterozygous missense mutation in STK11 (F354L) was identified in both the NB and FVPTC. This mutation was also detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Two additional heterozygous somatic missense mutations of uncertain significance were identified: KDR/VEGF receptor 2 (Q472H) on chromosome 4 and MET (N375S) on chromosome 7. To our knowledge, this is the shortest reported duration from completion of NB treatment to detection of thyroid cancer. The association of the STK11 gene with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, lung adenocarcinomas, and medullary thyroid cancer leads to a possible association between this genetic variant and our patient's tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Buryk
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Picarsic
- 2 Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan E Creary
- 3 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter H Shaw
- 4 Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Simons
- 5 Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melvin Deutsch
- 6 Department of Radiation Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sara E Monaco
- 7 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5150 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- 8 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3477 Euler Way, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Selma Feldman Witchel
- 1 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, UPMC, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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