1
|
Soumerai JD, Diefenbach CS, Jagadeesh D, Asch A, Kumar A, Tsai ML, Jandl TA, Lossos IS, Kenkre VP, Awan F, Novotny W, Huang J, Miao L, Rajagopalan P, Ghalie RG, Zelenetz AD. Safety and efficacy of zandelisib plus zanubrutinib in previously treated follicular and mantle cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1762-1770. [PMID: 38500476 PMCID: PMC11156518 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The combination of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor zandelisib with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor zanubrutinib was hypothesized to be synergistic and prevent resistance to single-agent therapy. This phase 1 study (NCT02914938) included a dose-finding stage in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell malignancies (n = 20) and disease-specific expansion cohorts in follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 31) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; n = 19). The recommended phase 2 dose was zandelisib 60 mg on Days 1-7 plus zanubrutinib 80 mg twice daily continuously in 28-day cycle. In the total population, the most common adverse events (AEs; all grades/grade 3-4) were neutropenia (35%/24%), diarrhoea (33%/2%), thrombocytopenia (32%/8%), anaemia (27%/8%), increased creatinine (25%/0%), contusion (21%/0%), fatigue (21%/2%), nausea (21%/2%) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (24%/6%). Three patients discontinued due to AEs. The overall response rate was 87% (complete response [CR] = 33%) for FL and 74% (CR = 47%) for MCL. The median duration of response and progression-free survival (PFS) were not reached in either group. The estimated 1-year PFS was 72.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.9-85.1) for FL and 56.3% (95% CI, 28.9-76.7) for MCL (median follow-up: 16.5 and 10.9 months respectively). Zandelisib plus zanubrutinib was associated with high response rates and no increased toxicity compared to either agent alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deepa Jagadeesh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Adam Asch
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | | | | | - Izidore S. Lossos
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Farrukh Awan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Lu Miao
- MEI Pharma, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pagel JM, Soumerai JD, Reddy N, Jagadeesh D, Stathis A, Asch A, Salman H, Kenkre VP, Iasonos A, Llorin-Sangalang J, Li J, Zelenetz AD. Zandelisib with continuous or intermittent dosing as monotherapy or in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancy: a multicentre, first-in-patient, dose-escalation and dose-expansion, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:1021-1030. [PMID: 35835137 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitors are efficacious in B-cell malignancies. Immune-related adverse events might be mitigated with intermittent dosing. We aimed to evaluate the safety and antitumour activity of zandelisib, a potent novel PI3Kδ inhibitor, with continuous or intermittent dosing as monotherapy or in combination with rituximab, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancy. METHODS We conducted a first-in-patient, dose-escalation and dose-expansion, phase 1b trial at ten treatment centres across Switzerland and the USA. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancy (limited to follicular lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia during dose escalation) and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2, and had received at least one previous line of therapy and no previous PI3Kδ inhibitor treatment. In the dose-escalation study, participants received oral zandelisib once daily (60 mg, 120 mg, or 180 mg; we did not evaluate four additional planned dose levels). The 60 mg dose was further evaluated as monotherapy or with intravenous rituximab 375 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of cycle 1 and day 1 of cycles 3-6, using a continuous daily schedule or intermittent dosing therapy (days 1-28 of cycles 1-2 and days 1-7 of subsequent cycles) in 28-day cycles. Treatment was continued until evidence of disease progression, intolerance, or withdrawal of consent by the patient. Primary endpoints were safety (dose-limiting toxicities and maximum tolerated dose), minimum biologically effective dose, and a composite endpoint to assess the activity of each dose level, and were analysed by intention to treat. The zandelisib monotherapy and zandelisib-rituximab combination cohorts have completed accrual, but accrual to a cohort evaluating zandelisib with zanubrutinib is ongoing. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02914938. FINDINGS Between Nov 17, 2016, and June 2, 2020, 100 patients were assessed for eligibility and 97 were enrolled and received zandelisib monotherapy (n=56) or zandelisib plus rituximab (n=41), with zandelisib administered on either a continuous schedule (n=38) or with intermittent dosing (n=59). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, the objective of determining the maximum tolerated dose was abandoned, and antitumour activity was similar across the evaluated doses activity (objective responses in 11 [92%; 95% CI 61·5-99·8] of 12 patients at both 60 mg and 120 mg doses, and in five [83%; 95% CI 35·9-99·6] of six patients at 180 mg). With a median duration of exposure of 15·2 months (IQR 3·7-21·7), the most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutrophil count decrease (ten [17%] of 59 patients in the intermittent dosing group and four [11%] of 38 in the continuous dosing group), diarrhoea (three [5%] and eight [21%]), pneumonia (one [2%] and six [16%]), alanine aminotransferase increase (three [5%] and two [5%]), and colitis (two [3%] and one [3%]). 26 (44%) of 59 patients in the intermittent dosing group and 29 (76%) of 38 patients in the continuous dosing group had grade 3-4 adverse events. Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in eight (21%) patients in the continuous dosing group and five (8%) patients in the intermittent dosing group. There were no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION Zandelisib 60 mg once daily on an intermittent dosing schedule was safe, with low frequency of grade 3 or worse adverse events, warranting the ongoing global phase 2 and phase 3 trials. FUNDING MEI Pharma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nishitha Reddy
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Anastasios Stathis
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Adam Asch
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Huda Salman
- Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexia Iasonos
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mamidi MK, Mahmud H, Maiti GP, Mendez MT, Fernandes SM, Vesely SK, Holter-Chakrabarty J, Brown JR, Ghosh AK. Idelalisib activates AKT via increased recruitment of PI3Kδ/PI3Kβ to BCR signalosome while reducing PDK1 in post-therapy CLL cells. Leukemia 2022; 36:1806-1817. [PMID: 35568768 PMCID: PMC10874218 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Idelalisib targets PI3Kδ in the BCR pathway generating only a partial response in CLL patients, indicating that the leukemic cells may have evolved escape signals. Indeed, we detected increased activation of AKT accompanied by upregulation of MYC/BCL2 in post-therapy CLL cells from patients treated with idelalisib/ofatumumab. To unravel the mechanism of increased AKT-activation, we studied the impact of idelalisib on a CLL-derived cell line, MEC1, as a model. After an initial inhibition, AKT-activation level was restored in idelalisib-treated MEC1 cells in a time-dependent manner. As BCAP (B-cell adaptor for PI3K) and CD19 recruit PI3Kδ to activate AKT upon BCR-stimulation, we examined if idelalisib-treatment altered PI3Kδ-recruitment. Immunoprecipitation of BCAP/CD19 from idelalisib-treated MEC1 cells showed increased recruitment of PI3Kδ in association with PI3Kβ, but not PI3Kα or PI3Kγ and that, targeting both PI3Kδ with PI3Kβ inhibited AKT-reactivation. We detected similar, patient-specific recruitment pattern of PI3K-isoforms by BCAP/CD19 in post-idelalisib CLL cells with increased AKT-activation. Interestingly, a stronger inhibitory effect of idelalisib on P-AKT (T308) than S473 was discernible in idelalisib-treated cells despite increased recruitment of PI3Kδ/PI3Kβ and accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate; which could be attributed to reduced PDK1 activity. Thus, administration of isoform-specific inhibitors may prove more effective strategy for treating CLL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Mamidi
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hasan Mahmud
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Guru P Maiti
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mariana T Mendez
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stacey M Fernandes
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara K Vesely
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R Brown
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar A, Bhatia R, Chawla P, Anghore D, Saini V, Rawal RK. Copanlisib: Novel PI3K Inhibitor for the Treatment of Lymphoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1158-1172. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200317105207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma refers to a specialized category of blood cancers, which is characterized by lymph node
enlargement, reduced body weight, prolonged tiredness, and fever associated with sweats. Traditional treatment
strategies involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and surgery. Copanlisib has emerged as a very
potent drug which acts through inhibiting PI3K enzyme. The FDA has approved it for specific treatment of follicular
Lymphoma in September 2017. Copanlisib induces tumor cell death along with the prevention of proliferation of
dominant malignant β-cells. Copanlisib has a large volume of distribution i.e., 871L (%CV 47.4), plasma protein
binding up to 15.8%, plasma half-life(t1/2) of 39.1h and the mean systemic plasma clearance 18.9 L/h (%CV 51.2).
In the present review, various aspects related to Copanlisib have been summarized, which include pathophysiology,
synthetic strategy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical studies. A special emphasis is paid on various
reported adverse effects and in silico/in vivo studies conducted on Copanlisib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Durgadas Anghore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Ferozepur G.T. Road, Moga-142 001, Punjab, India
| | - Vipin Saini
- Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Solan-173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra K. Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-133207, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma X, Fang F, Tao Q, Shen L, Zhong G, Qiao T, Lv X, Li J. Conformationally restricted quinazolone derivatives as PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors: the design, synthesis and biological evaluation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:413-420. [PMID: 30996859 PMCID: PMC6431952 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of structurally novel quinazolone-based PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors were designed and synthesized via the approach of conformational restriction. The majority of them exhibited two-digit to single-digit nanomolar IC50 values against PI3Kδ, along with low micromolar to submicromolar GI50 values against human malignant B-cell line SU-DHL-6. The representative compound, with the most potent PI3Kδ inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.3 nM) and anti-proliferative activity (GI50 = 0.21 μM) in this series, was further evaluated for its PI3Kδ selectivity, capability to down-regulate PI3K signaling in SU-DHL-6 cells, in vitro metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. The experimental results illustrated that this compound, as a promising lead, merits extensive structural optimization for exploring novel PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors as clinical candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ma
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China .
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China .
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Qiangqiang Tao
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China .
| | - Li Shen
- Ocean College , Zhejiang University , Zhoushan , China
| | - Guochen Zhong
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China .
| | - Tao Qiao
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China .
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- College of Medicine , Jiaxing University , Jiaxing 314001 , China .
| | - Jiaming Li
- School of Pharmacy , Anhui University of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China .
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine , Hefei 230031 , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong S, Harrington BK, Hu EY, Greene JT, Lehman AM, Tran M, Wasmuth RL, Long M, Muthusamy N, Brown JR, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC. PI3K p110δ inactivation antagonizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia and reverses T cell immune suppression. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:122-136. [PMID: 30457982 DOI: 10.1172/jci99386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy with small molecules directed at essential survival pathways in leukemia represents a major advance, including the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase (PI3K) p110δ inhibitor idelalisib. Here, we found that genetic inactivation of p110δ (p110δD910A/D910A) in the Eμ-TCL1 murine chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) model impaired B cell receptor signaling and B cell migration, and significantly delayed leukemia pathogenesis. Regardless of TCL1 expression, p110δ inactivation led to rectal prolapse in mice resembling autoimmune colitis in patients receiving idelalisib. Moreover, we showed that p110δ inactivation in the microenvironment protected against CLL and acute myeloid leukemia. After receiving higher numbers of TCL1 leukemia cells, half of p110δD910A/D910A mice spontaneously recovered from high disease burden and resisted leukemia rechallenge. Despite disease resistance, p110δD910A/D910A mice exhibited compromised CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response, and depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells restored leukemia. Interestingly, p110δD910A/D910A mice showed significantly impaired Treg expansion that associated with disease clearance. Reconstitution of p110δD910A/D910A mice with p110δWT/WT Tregs reversed leukemia resistance. Our findings suggest that p110δ inhibitors may have direct antileukemic and indirect immune-activating effects, further supporting that p110δ blockade may have a broader immune-modulatory role in types of leukemia that are not sensitive to p110δ inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Bonnie K Harrington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center.,College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Eileen Y Hu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Medical Scientist Training Program
| | - Joseph T Greene
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, and
| | - Amy M Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Minh Tran
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Ronni L Wasmuth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Meixiao Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Idelalisib in Combination With Rituximab or Bendamustine or Both in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Hemasphere 2018; 2:e39. [PMID: 31723767 PMCID: PMC6745995 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-delta (PI3Kδ) signaling is critical for proliferation, survival, homing, and tissue retention of malignant B cells. Idelalisib, a selective oral inhibitor of PI3Kδ, has shown considerable single-agent activity in patients with heavily pretreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study evaluated the safety and clinical activity of idelalisib in combination with bendamustine (IB) or rituximab (IR) or both (IBR) in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) CLL. Idelalisib was given continuously at 100 or 150 mg twice daily in combination with rituximab (375 mg/m2 weekly × 8 doses), bendamustine (70 or 90 mg/m2, days 1 and 2 every 4 weeks × 6 cycles) or BR (rituximab, 375 mg/m2 every 4 weeks and bendamustine, 70 mg/m2, days 1 and 2 every 4 weeks × 6 cycles). The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and progression-free survival (PFS). Fifty-two patients (median age 64 years) with a median of 3 prior therapies were enrolled. ORR was 84.6% (89.5% IR group, 77.8% IB group, and 86.7% IBR group). The overall median PFS was 25.6 months, and median DOR was 26.6 months. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events (≥10% of patients) were pneumonia (19.2%), diarrhea (13.5%), and febrile neutropenia (17.3%). Idelalisib-based combination therapy with bendamustine and/or rituximab was highly active, resulting in durable tumor control in patients with heavily pretreated R/R CLL. However, its tolerability profile suggests that these regimens should be used cautiously in this patient population. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01088048.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee JS, Lee HW, Lee EH, Park MI, Lee JS, Kim MS, Kim SH, Kim TG, Nam HY, Hwang SW, Park JH. Prognostic significance of phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α and p110β isoforms in non-small cell lung cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1554-1561. [PMID: 31938253 PMCID: PMC6958152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The proteins p110α and p110β are isoforms of the catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Class I PI3Ks are involved in the regulation of cell survival, growth, proliferation, and migration, and their aberrant activation contributes to the oncogenesis of various human cancers. In this study, we assessed expression of p110α and p110β in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their association with clinicopathological factors and patient survival. Seventy-six NSCLC cases were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for p110α and p110β. Of the 76 tumors, 18 (23.7%) and 43 (56.6%) were classified in the high p110α and p110β expression groups, respectively. Expression of p110α was higher in smokers compared with non-smokers (P = 0.042). No other clinicopathological factors showed significant association with p110α or p110β expression. In univariate and multivariate survival analyses, high p110β expression was associated with worse overall survival (OS) in stage I NSCLCs (P < 0.001), whereas the high p110α expression group had shorter OS in stage II to IV NSCLCs (P = 0.005). Our results suggest that p110α and p110β play different roles depending on tumor stage, and that both p110α and p110β have potential as independent prognostic biomarkers of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Wook Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Moon-il Park
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Mee-Seon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hyun Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Yeol Nam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Hwang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan UniversityChangwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Delineating the distinct role of AKT in mediating cell survival and proliferation induced by CD154 and IL-4/IL-21 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102948-102964. [PMID: 29262536 PMCID: PMC5732702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional significance of AKT in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains unclear. Given the importance of non-malignant T cells in regulating clonal expansion in CLL, we investigated the role of AKT in T cell-mediated cytoprotection and proliferation using an established co-culture system in which primary CLL cells were incubated on a monolayer of transfected mouse fibroblasts expressing human CD40L (CD154). Stimulation of CLL cells via CD40 induced activation of AKT, which was closely associated with downregulation of its negative regulator PTEN, and protected CLL cells from killing by bendamustine. This cytoprotective effect of CD40 stimulation was prevented by a selective inhibitor of AKT. Stimulation of CLL cells with CD154 + IL-4 or IL-21 induced proliferation detected as reduced fluorescence of cells pre-stained with CFSE. AKT inhibition produced a significant, consistent reduction in proliferation induced by CD154 + IL-4 and a reduction in proliferation induced by CD154 + IL-21 in most but not all cases. In contrast, AKT inhibition had no effect on the proliferation of normal B cells induced by CD154 + IL-4 or IL-21. These findings indicate that AKT contributes in a significant way to T-cell mediated survival and proliferation signalling in CLL and support the clinical evaluation of AKT inhibitors in this disease.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gerisch M, Schwarz T, Lang D, Rohde G, Reif S, Genvresse I, Reschke S, van der Mey D, Granvil C. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor [ 14C]copanlisib (BAY 80-6946) in a mass balance study in healthy male volunteers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:535-544. [PMID: 28714036 PMCID: PMC5573760 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled copanlisib (BAY 80-6946) in healthy male volunteers and to investigate the disposition and biotransformation of copanlisib. METHODS A single dose of 12 mg copanlisib containing 2.76 MBq [14C]copanlisib was administered as a 1-h intravenous infusion to 6 volunteers with subsequent sampling up to 34 days. Blood, plasma, urine and feces were collected to monitor total radioactivity, parent compound and metabolites. RESULTS Copanlisib treatment was well tolerated. Copanlisib was rapidly distributed throughout the body with a volume distribution of 1870 L and an elimination half-life of 52.1-h (range 40.4-67.5-h). Copanlisib was the predominant component in human plasma (84% of total radioactivity AUC) and the morpholinone metabolite M1 was the only circulating metabolite (about 5%). Excretion of drug-derived radioactivity based on all 6 subjects was 86% of the dose within a collection interval of 20-34 days with 64% excreted into feces as major route of elimination and 22% into urine. Unchanged copanlisib was the main component excreted into urine (15% of dose) and feces (30% of dose). Excreted metabolites (41% of dose) of copanlisib resulted from oxidative biotransformation. CONCLUSIONS Copanlisib was eliminated predominantly in the feces compared to urine as well as by hepatic biotransformation, suggesting that the clearance of copanlisib would more likely be affected by hepatic impairment than by renal dysfunction. The dual mode of elimination via unchanged excretion of copanlisib and oxidative metabolism decreases the risk of clinically relevant PK-related drug-drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Lang
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gabriele Rohde
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, DMPK, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Reif
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Clinical Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Reschke
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft, Clinical Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao HF, Wang J, Shao W, Wu CP, Chen ZP, To SST, Li WP. Recent advances in the use of PI3K inhibitors for glioblastoma multiforme: current preclinical and clinical development. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:100. [PMID: 28592260 PMCID: PMC5463420 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. One of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs for GBM is temozolomide, which is a DNA-alkylating agent and its efficacy is dependent on MGMT methylation status. Little progress in improving the prognosis of GBM patients has been made in the past ten years, urging the development of more effective molecular targeted therapies. Hyper-activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is frequently found in a variety of cancers including GBM, and it plays a central role in the regulation of tumor cell survival, growth, motility, angiogenesis and metabolism. Numerous PI3K inhibitors including pan-PI3K, isoform-selective and dual PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have exhibited favorable preclinical results and entered clinical trials in a range of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Furthermore, combination of inhibitors targeting PI3K and other related pathways may exert synergism on suppressing tumor growth and improving patients' prognosis. Currently, only a handful of PI3K inhibitors are in phase I/II clinical trials for GBM treatment. In this review, we focus on the importance of PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM, and summarize the current development of PI3K inhibitors alone or in combination with other inhibitors for GBM treatment from preclinical to clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-peng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Zhong-ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Shing-shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller MS, Maheshwari S, McRobb FM, Kinzler KW, Amzel LM, Vogelstein B, Gabelli SB. Identification of allosteric binding sites for PI3Kα oncogenic mutant specific inhibitor design. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1481-1486. [PMID: 28129991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA, the gene that encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα), is frequently mutated in breast and other types of cancer. A specific inhibitor that targets the mutant forms of PI3Kα could maximize treatment efficiency while minimizing side-effects. Herein we describe the identification of novel binding pockets that may provide an opportunity for the design of mutant selective inhibitors. Using a fragment-based approach, we screened a library of 352 fragments (MW<300Da) for binding to PI3Kα by X-ray crystallography. Five novel binding pockets were identified, each providing potential opportunities for inhibitor design. Of particular interest was a binding pocket near Glu542, which is located in one of the two most frequently mutated domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Miller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Sweta Maheshwari
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Fiona M McRobb
- Schrödinger, Inc., 120 West 45th Street, New York, NY 10036, United States
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei M, Zhang X, Wang X, Song Z, Ding J, Meng LH, Zhang A. SAR study of 5-alkynyl substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:1156-1171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
14
|
Bone marrow stroma-induced resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to arsenic trioxide involves Mcl-1 upregulation and is overcome by inhibiting the PI3Kδ or PKCβ signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44832-48. [PMID: 26540567 PMCID: PMC4792595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CLL remains an incurable disease in spite of the many new compounds being studied. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induces apoptosis in all CLL cell types and could constitute an efficient therapy. To further explore this, we have studied the influence of stromal cells, key components of the CLL microenvironment, on the response of CLL cells to ATO. Bone marrow stromal cells induced CLL cell resistance to 2 μM ATO and led to activation of Lyn, ERK, PI3K and PKC, as well as NF-κB and STAT3. Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bfl-1 were also upregulated after the co-culture. Inhibition experiments indicated that PI3K and PKC were involved in the resistance to ATO induced by stroma. Moreover, idelalisib and sotrastaurin, specific inhibitors for PI3Kδ and PKCβ, respectively, inhibited Akt phosphorylation, NF-κB/STAT3 activation and Mcl-1 upregulation, and rendered cells sensitive to ATO. Mcl-1 was central to the mechanism of resistance to ATO, since: 1) Mcl-1 levels correlated with the CLL cell response to ATO, and 2) blocking Mcl-1 expression or function with specific siRNAs or inhibitors overcame the protecting effect of stroma. We have therefore identified the mechanism involved in the CLL cell resistance to ATO induced by bone marrow stroma and show that idelalisib or sotrastaurin block this mechanism and restore sensibility to ATO. Combination of ATO with these inhibitors may thus constitute an efficient treatment for CLL.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramanathan S, Jin F, Sharma S, Kearney BP. Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Idelalisib. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 55:33-45. [PMID: 26242379 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Idelalisib is a potent and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ inhibitor, which is a first-in-class agent to be approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, follicular B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma. In dose-ranging studies, idelalisib exposure increased in a less than dose-proportional manner, likely because of solubility-limited absorption. The approved starting dose of 150 mg twice daily was supported by extensive exposure-response evaluations, with dose reduction to 100 mg twice daily being allowed for specific toxicities. Idelalisib may be administered without regard to food on the basis of the absence of clinically relevant food effects, and was accordingly dosed in primary efficacy/safety studies. Idelalisib is metabolized primarily via aldehyde oxidase (AO) and, to a lesser extent, via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. Coadministration with the strong CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole 400 mg once daily resulted in a ~79 % increase in the idelalisib area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). Administration with the potent inducer rifampin resulted in a 75 % decrease in idelalisib exposure (AUC) and, as such, coadministration with strong inducers should be avoided. GS-563117 is an inactive primary circulating metabolite of idelalisib formed mainly via AO. Unlike idelalisib, GS-563117 is a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP3A. Accordingly, idelalisib 150 mg twice-daily dosing increases the midazolam AUC 5.4-fold. Clinically, idelalisib is not an inhibitor of the transporters P-glycoprotein, breast cancer resistance protein, organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 or OAPT1B3. In a population pharmacokinetic model, no meaningful impact on idelalisib pharmacokinetics was noted for any of the covariates tested. Idelalisib exposure was ~60 % higher with moderate/severe hepatic impairment; no relevant changes were observed with severe renal impairment. This article reviews a comprehensive pharmacology programme, including drug-drug interaction studies and mechanistic and special population studies, which has allowed a thorough understanding of idelalisib clinical pharmacokinetics and their impact on clinical safety and efficacy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism
- Purines/administration & dosage
- Purines/pharmacokinetics
- Quinazolinones/administration & dosage
- Quinazolinones/pharmacokinetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Jin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Shringi Sharma
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| | - Brian P Kearney
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
NF-κB signaling pathway and its potential as a target for therapy in lymphoid neoplasms. Blood Rev 2016; 31:77-92. [PMID: 27773462 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway, a critical regulator of apoptosis, plays a key role in many normal cellular functions. Genetic alterations and other mechanisms leading to constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway contribute to cancer development, progression and therapy resistance by activation of downstream anti-apoptotic pathways, unfavorable microenvironment interactions, and gene dysregulation. Not surprisingly, given its importance to normal and cancer cell function, the NF-κB pathway has emerged as a target for therapy. In the review, we present the physiologic role of the NF-κB pathway and recent advances in better understanding of the pathologic roles of the NF-κB pathway in major types of lymphoid neoplasms. We also provide an update of clinical trials that use NF-κB pathway inhibitors. These trials are exploring the clinical efficiency of combining NF-κB pathway inhibitors with various agents that target diverse mechanisms of action with the goal being to optimize novel therapeutic opportunities for targeting oncogenic pathways to eradicate cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chemotherapy-sparing treatment strategies for follicular lymphoma: current options and future directions. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:371-6. [PMID: 27213499 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The accelerating development of targeted therapy offers the possibility of avoiding the many toxic side-effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy often experienced during treatment of patients with malignancies. As a currently incurable disease that typically follows an indolent course, follicular lymphoma is a disease for which chemotherapy-free treatment may offer substantial benefit. RECENT FINDINGS We review chemotherapy-free treatment regimens, including those targeting cell-surface proteins and intracellular signaling pathways currently in use for the treatment of follicular lymphoma, paying particular attention to the unique toxicity profiles of these agents. Additionally, the safety profiles and efficacy of selected novel-targeted therapies in earlier phase studies, including immunotherapeutics, will be explored. SUMMARY Novel-targeted therapies are rapidly changing the landscape of follicular lymphoma and decreasing reliance upon traditional chemotherapeutics. Although the toxicities of chemotherapy are well known to clinicians, the unique adverse events associated with novel agents may be less familiar, and requires attention to identification, management, and prophylaxis of toxicity associated with emerging chemotherapy-sparing treatments.
Collapse
|
18
|
Do B, Mace M, Rexwinkle A. Idelalisib for treatment of B-cell malignancies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 73:547-55. [DOI: 10.2146/ajhp150281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Do
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Morgan Mace
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amber Rexwinkle
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A phase 2 study of idelalisib plus rituximab in treatment-naïve older patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2015; 126:2686-94. [PMID: 26472751 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-03-630947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idelalisib is a first-in-class oral inhibitor of PI3Kδ that has shown substantial activity in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). To evaluate idelalisib as initial therapy, 64 treatment-naïve older patients with CLL or small lymphocytic leukemia (median age, 71 years; range, 65-90) were treated with rituximab 375 mg/m(2) weekly ×8 and idelalisib 150 mg twice daily continuously for 48 weeks. Patients completing 48 weeks without progression could continue to receive idelalisib on an extension study. The median time on treatment was 22.4 months (range, 0.8-45.8+). The overall response rate (ORR) was 97%, including 19% complete responses. The ORR was 100% in patients with del(17p)/TP53 mutations and 97% in those with unmutated IGHV. Progression-free survival was 83% at 36 months. The most frequent (>30%) adverse events (any grade) were diarrhea (including colitis) (64%), rash (58%), pyrexia (42%), nausea (38%), chills (36%), cough (33%), and fatigue (31%). Elevated alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase was seen in 67% of patients (23% grade ≥3). The combination of idelalisib and rituximab was highly active, resulting in durable disease control in treatment-naïve older patients with CLL. These results support the further development of idelalisib as initial treatment of CLL. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01203930.
Collapse
|
20
|
Salihoglu A, Ar MC, Soysal T. Novelties in the management of B-cell malignancies: B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors and lenalidomide. Expert Rev Hematol 2015; 8:765-83. [PMID: 26413907 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2015.1091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders comprise 85% of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Despite successful chemoimmunotherapy regimens, responses are not durable and the outcome is fatal in a considerable portion of patients. There is an inevitable need for less toxic and more potent therapeutic agents. Over the recent years, a plethora of agents including monoclonal antibodies, Bcl-2 antagonists, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs have been developed in B-cell malignancies. The aim of this paper is to focus on B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors and lenalidomide as an immunomodulatory drug and to provide insight on how and when to incorporate these agents into the treatment algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Salihoglu
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhlis Cem Ar
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang XH, Wang CC, Jiang Q, Yang SM, Jiang H, Lu J, Wang QM, Feng FE, Zhu XL, Zhao T, Huang XJ. ADAM28 overexpression regulated via the PI3K/Akt pathway is associated with relapse in de novo adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2015; 39:S0145-2126(15)30359-3. [PMID: 26340916 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adults is a very challenging disease. Relapse following remission after induction chemotherapy remains the major barrier to patient survival. ADAM28 is overexpressed in several human tumors and is related to cell proliferation and lymph node metastasis. To date, no information has been available on the prognostic role of ADAM28 in B-ALL. Fifty consecutive patients with de novo B-ALL and 22 healthy donors were enrolled in this study and were followed for 2.8 years. Our data suggested that ADAM28 expression in B-ALL patients was significantly increased (P<0.0001). Patients experiencing disease relapse exhibited significantly increased ADAM28 expression, compared with those with favorable outcomes (P=0.0094). Notably, ADAM28 overexpression was associated with lower probabilities of relapse-free survival (RFS) and event-free survival (EFS) (P<0.001) and was a significant prognostic factor (P<0.001). In vitro, the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, as well as arsenic trioxide (ATO), down-regulated ADAM28 expression. Our results were the first to indicate that ADAM28 overexpression in B-ALL patients is correlated with relapse. ADAM28 overexpression is potentially regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. These data demonstrate that ADAM28 might serve as a novel biomarker for evaluating relapse in B-ALL and as a potential therapeutic target in B-ALL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China.
| | - Chen-Cong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Shen-Miao Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Qian-Ming Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Fei-Er Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Berges C, Bedke T, Stuehler C, Khanna N, Zehnter S, Kruhm M, Winter N, Bargou RC, Topp MS, Einsele H, Chatterjee M. Combined PI3K/Akt and Hsp90 targeting synergistically suppresses essential functions of alloreactive T cells and increases Tregs. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:1091-105. [PMID: 26265781 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5a0814-413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease is still a major cause of transplant-related mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It requires immunosuppressive treatments that broadly abrogate T cell responses, including beneficial ones directed against tumor cells or infective pathogens. Inhibition of the heat shock protein of 90 kDa has been demonstrated to eliminate tumor cells, as well as alloreactive T cells while preserving antiviral T cell immunity. Here, we show that the suppressive effects of heat shock protein of 90 kDa inhibition on alloreactive T cells were synergistically enhanced by concomitant inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which is also strongly activated upon allogeneic stimulation. Molecular analyses revealed that this antiproliferative effect was mainly mediated by induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, we observed an increased proportion of activated regulatory T cells, which critically contribute to acute graft-versus-host disease control, upon combined heat shock protein of 90 kDa/Akt isoforms 1 and 2 or heat shock protein of 90 kDa/PI3K/p110δ isoform inhibition. Moreover, antiviral T cell immunity was functionally preserved after combined heat shock protein of 90 kDa/Akt isoforms 1 and 2 inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that the combined heat shock protein of 90 kDa/PI3K/Akt inhibition approach represents a reasonable dual strategy to suppress residual tumor growth and efficiently deplete alloreactive T cells and thus, provide a rationale to prevent and treat acute graft-versus-host disease selectively without impairing pathogen-specific T cell immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berges
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Bedke
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stuehler
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Zehnter
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Kruhm
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Winter
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf C Bargou
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max S Topp
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Einsele
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manik Chatterjee
- *Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and Laboratory of Infection Biology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Göckeritz E, Kerwien S, Baumann M, Wigger M, Vondey V, Neumann L, Landwehr T, Wendtner CM, Klein C, Liu N, Hallek M, Frenzel LP, Krause G. Efficacy of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitors with diverse isoform selectivity profiles for inhibiting the survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2234-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Göckeritz
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Susan Kerwien
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
| | - Marion Wigger
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
| | - Verena Vondey
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Lars Neumann
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Thomas Landwehr
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
| | - Clemens M. Wendtner
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Ningshu Liu
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Global Drug Discovery, TRG Oncology; Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Lukas P. Frenzel
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Günter Krause
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne Bonn; Cologne Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wei M, Wang X, Song Z, Jiao M, Ding J, Meng LH, Zhang A. Targeting PI3Kδ: Emerging Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Beyond. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:720-52. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Zilan Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Mingkun Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ling-Hua Meng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201203 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Idelalisib: a review of its use in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Target Oncol 2015; 10:141-51. [PMID: 25637459 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idelalisib (Zydelig®) is a first-in-class, orally administered, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ inhibitor that was recently approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), relapsed follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) in the USA and for the treatment of CLL and refractory follicular lymphoma in the EU. In a pivotal phase III trial in patients with relapsed CLL who were not able to receive cytotoxic agents, recipients of idelalisib plus rituximab had significantly improved progression-free survival, overall survival, overall response and lymph node response, compared with recipients of placebo plus rituximab. In a pivotal phase II trial, idelalisib monotherapy was effective in patients with relapsed indolent NHL who were refractory to rituximab and an alkylating agent, including in the subgroups of patients with follicular lymphoma or SLL. Oral idelalisib had a generally manageable adverse event profile, although episodes of serious/fatal diarrhoea or colitis, hepatotoxicity, pneumonitis and intestinal perforation were reported. In conclusion, idelalisib represents an important advance in the treatment of relapsed CLL and relapsed indolent NHL.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang Q, Modi P, Ramanathan S, Quéva C, Gandhi V. Idelalisib for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2014. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2014.978858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
27
|
Slupsky JR. Does B cell receptor signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells differ from that in other B cell types? SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:208928. [PMID: 25101192 PMCID: PMC4102070 DOI: 10.1155/2014/208928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is an incurable malignancy of mature B cells. CLL is important clinically in Western countries because of its commonality and because of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with the progressive form of this incurable disease. The B cell receptor (BCR) expressed on the malignant cells in CLL contributes to disease pathogenesis by providing signals for survival and proliferation, and the signal transduction pathway initiated by engagement of this receptor is now the target of several therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to outline current understanding of the BCR signal cascade in normal B cells and then question whether this understanding applies to CLL cells. In particular, this review studies the phenomenon of anergy in CLL cells, and whether certain adaptations allow the cells to overcome anergy and allow full BCR signaling to take place. Finally, this review analyzes how BCR signals can be therapeutically targeted for the treatment of CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Slupsky
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhong Y, Johnson AJ, Byrd JC, Dubovsky JA. Targeting Interleukin-2-Inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) in T-Cell Related Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2:1-11. [PMID: 27917390 DOI: 10.14304/surya.jpr.v2n6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IL2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK), a member of the Tec family tyrosine kinases, is the predominant Tec kinase in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells mediating T cell receptor (TCR) and Fc receptor (Fc R) initiated signal transduction. ITK deficiency results in impaired T and NK cell functions, leading to various disorders including malignancies, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. In this mini-review, the role of ITK in T cell signaling and the development of small molecule inhibitors of ITK for the treatment of T-cell related disorders is examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Amy J Johnson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason A Dubovsky
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
PI3K p110δ uniquely promotes gain-of-function Shp2-induced GM-CSF hypersensitivity in a model of JMML. Blood 2014; 123:2838-42. [PMID: 24553178 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-535104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hyperactivation of the Ras-Erk signaling pathway is known to underlie the pathogenesis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a fatal childhood disease, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is also dysregulated in this disease. Using genetic models, we demonstrate that inactivation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit p110δ, but not PI3K p110α, corrects gain-of-function (GOF) Shp2-induced granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) hypersensitivity, Akt and Erk hyperactivation, and skewed hematopoietic progenitor distribution. Likewise, potent p110δ-specific inhibitors curtail the proliferation of GOF Shp2-expressing hematopoietic cells and cooperate with mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition to reduce proliferation further and maximally block Erk and Akt activation. Furthermore, the PI3K p110δ-specific inhibitor, idelalisib, also demonstrates activity against primary leukemia cells from individuals with JMML. These findings suggest that selective inhibition of the PI3K catalytic subunit p110δ could provide an innovative approach for treatment of JMML, with the potential for limiting toxicity resulting from the hematopoietic-restricted expression of p110δ.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is over-activated in the majority of human cancers. This may occur through oncogenic activation of upstream RAS isoforms and tyrosine kinase receptors, or by mutational activation of components of the PI3K pathway themselves. Stimulation of the PI3K pathway enhances growth, survival, and metabolism of cancer cells. Migration, invasion, and angiogenesis are also supported by PI3K signaling. Thus, the PI3K pathway is an attractive candidate for the therapeutic targeting of tumors. Multiple kinases within the PI3Ks, AKT, and mTOR pathway have been selected for inhibition, and dual inhibitors have also been produced. Recently, the development of kinase inhibitors with enhanced specificity and improved pharmacokinetics has facilitated the investigation of PI3K pathway inhibition in clinical trials. Initial reports are encouraging, with tolerable toxicity profiles reported. PI3K inhibitors have provided some benefit as single-agent treatments of advanced solid tumors and the possibilities for enhanced effect with combination treatments look promising. In this chapter, we describe the PI3K inhibitors currently under investigation for the treatment of cancer and discuss the opportunities and obstacles that have been revealed by the latest preclinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Sheridan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Julian Downward
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom; Lung Cancer Group, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To share the recent progress in research and new therapies against follicular lymphoma and highlight the exciting opportunities to improve the treatment of follicular lymphoma. RECENT FINDINGS Follicular lymphoma has been somewhat neglected by the research community, but recent genomic studies have identified key genetic lesions in follicular lymphoma. In addition, a new murine model is available to explore the function of these lesions in the development, progression, and treatment of follicular lymphoma. Moreover, new small-molecule inhibitors are now available that target key pathways in follicular lymphoma including B-cell receptor signaling and histone modifiers. SUMMARY Follicular lymphoma is a very common and still incurable form of lymphoma. However, recent genomic and in-vivo biological studies are beginning to unveil the molecular drivers of follicular lymphoma. This coincides with the development of effective small-molecule inhibitors against key targets. Together these developments suggest that we are at a long overdue watershed moment in the treatment of follicular lymphoma.
Collapse
|
32
|
Targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:655-66. [PMID: 23941728 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent major advances in leukemia research, the pathobiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains poorly understood. Herein we review the role chronic inflammation plays in the initiation and progression of CLL. The robust production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines accompanied by activation of intra-cellular pro-inflammatory pathways, and the presence of somatic mutations that activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, suggest that chronic inflammation plays a pathophysiological role in this disease. Indeed, glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory possess anti-tumor activity, and glucocorticoids have been broadly used to treat CLL and its complications. Recent clinical trials demonstrated that tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib and the immune-modulatory agent lenalidomide, induced impressive clinical responses in CLL patients with relapsed or refractory disease. As those pro-inflammatory pathway inhibitors and immune modulating drugs proved to be effective in CLL, other agents with similar activities are currently investigated in clinical trials. New insights into the pathobiology of CLL and the development of novel classes of drugs will undoubtedly provide us with effective tools to treat and perhaps cure CLL.
Collapse
|
33
|
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) as a novel target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2013; 122:1621-33. [PMID: 23863897 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-484386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is implicated in various tumor entities including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but its functional significance in this disease remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that the IGF1R protein is overexpressed in various CLL subsets, suggesting a contribution to CLL pathology. Indeed, we show that IGF1R knockdown in primary human CLL cells compromised their viability. Likewise, IGF1R inhibition with 3 structurally distinct compounds induced apoptosis, even in the presence of protective stroma components. Furthermore, IGF1R inhibition effectively limited CLL development in Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice and of primary human CLL xenografts. In agreement with its prosurvival function, IGF1R inhibition affected the phosphorylation and/or expression of multiple signaling proteins. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib yielded similar effects on these signaling elements as IGF1R inhibitors. Indeed, IGF1R appears to be a direct sorafenib target because sorafenib decreased IGF1R expression and phosphorylation, counteracted insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) binding to CLL cells, and lowered the in vitro kinase activity of recombinant, purified IGF1R. Thus, we demonstrate that blockade of IGF1R-mediated signaling represents a novel mechanism of action for sorafenib in CLL. Importantly, IGF1R inhibitors compromise CLL viability in their microenvironment context, implicating this RTK as a promising therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
P-Rex proteins are Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors that participate in the regulation of several cancer-related cellular functions such as proliferation, motility, and invasion. Expectedly, a significant portion of these actions of P-Rex proteins must be related to their Rac regulatory properties. In addition, P-Rex proteins control signaling by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) route by interacting with PTEN and mTOR. The interaction with PTEN inhibits its phosphatase activity, leading to AKT activation. The interaction with mTOR may be important in nutrient-stimulated Rac activation and migration. In humans, several studies have implicated P-Rex proteins in the pathophysiology of various neoplasias. Thus, overexpression of P-Rex proteins has been linked to poor patient outcome in breast cancer and may facilitate metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer cells. In addition, whole-genome sequencing described P-Rex2 as a significantly mutated gene in melanoma. Furthermore, expression in melanocytes of mutated forms of P-Rex2 found in patients with melanoma showed the protumorigenic role of these P-Rex mutations in melanoma genesis. These findings open interesting opportunities for P-Rex targeting in cancer. Moreover, the implication of P-Rex partner proteins such as Rac, mTOR, or PTEN in cancer has opened the possibility of acting on P-Rex to restrict protumorigenic signaling through these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramsay AD, Rodriguez-Justo M. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia--the role of the microenvironment pathogenesis and therapy. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:15-24. [PMID: 23617880 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) is one of the more common forms of B cell malignancy. Although the condition has a variable clinical course, the trend is towards eventual relapse and the disease is considered incurable. Whilst the majority of the circulating CD5-positive neoplastic B cells are arrested in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, those in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues proliferate at a rate of 0·1-1% of the entire clone per day. This proliferation is supported by the tissue microenvironment, which has been shown to induce upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and enhance the survival of the neoplastic cells. Microenvironmental factors are also thought to be important in tumour relapse and resistance to therapy. This review outlines the main signalling pathways involved in these tumour cell-stromal interactions, and includes potential therapeutic strategies based on the manipulation of key components within the CLL microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Ramsay
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stengel C, Jenner E, Meja K, Mayekar S, Khwaja A. Proliferation of PTEN-deficient haematopoietic tumour cells is not affected by isoform-selective inhibition of p110 PI3-kinase and requires blockade of all class 1 PI3K activity. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:285-9. [PMID: 23594092 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
37
|
Dyer MJS, Vogler M, Samuel J, Jayne S, Wagner S, Pritchard C, Macip S. Precision medicines for B-cell leukaemias and lymphomas; progress and potential pitfalls. Br J Haematol 2013; 160:725-33. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. S. Dyer
- Departments of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Meike Vogler
- Departments of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Jesvin Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | | | - Simon Wagner
- Departments of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Catrin Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Salvador Macip
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fowler N, Davis E. Targeting B-cell receptor signaling: changing the paradigm. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2013; 2013:553-560. [PMID: 24319231 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2013.1.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that signals emanating from the B-cell receptor (BCR) activate downstream pathways to regulate the development and survival of normal B cells. In B-cell malignancies, it is increasingly understood that similar pathways are activated through both tonic and chronic active BCR signaling to promote tumor viability and resistance to therapy. Recently, several active and oral agents have emerged that target key proximal kinases in the BCR pathway, including Bruton tyrosine kinase, PI3K, and spleen tyrosine kinase. In early clinical studies, these agents have shown significant activity across a broad range of B-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Especially impressive responses have been reported in mantle cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and many patients remain on treatment with continued disease control. Toxicity profiles have been mild in the majority of early studies, without significant myelosuppression over prolonged dosing. Due to these attractive attributes, several agents targeting the BCR pathway are now entering early combination studies with traditional chemotherapeutics and/or other novel agents. It is clear that agents targeting the BCR pathway will significantly affect the design of future therapeutic regimens for B-cell malignancies. Future research will focus on understanding potential mechanisms of resistance, identifying biomarkers of response, and defining optimal combination regimens.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Fowler
- 1Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Prchal-Murphy M, Putz EM, Freissmuth M, Sexl V, Zebedin-Brandl E. Targeting PI3Kδ: One man's meat is another man's poison. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e22272. [PMID: 23482629 PMCID: PMC3583912 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently uncovered the indispensable role of phosphoinositide-3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) at different stages of the canonical killing pathway of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The interception of PI3Kδ−conveyed signals has been considered a valuable therapeutic strategy in oncology. However, our observations predict that the benefits of this approach may be limited by a trade-off between direct anticancer effects and an impaired ability of CTLs and NK cells to attack tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department for Biomedical Science; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) complex and its associated protein tyrosine kinases play a critical role in the development, proliferation, and survival of normal or malignant B cells. Regulated activity of the BCR complex promotes the expansion of selected B cells and the deletion of unwanted or self-reactive ones. Compounds that inhibit various components of this pathway, including spleen tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, and phosphoinositol-3 kinase, have been developed. We summarize the rationale for use of agents that can inhibit BCR signaling to treat patients with either indolent or aggressive B-cell lymphomas, highlight early clinical results, and speculate on the future application of such agents in the treatment of patients with various B-cell lymphomas.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Aminopyridines
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Morpholines
- Neoplasm Staging
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/therapeutic use
- Oxazines/therapeutic use
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Piperidines
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Purines/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Quinazolinones/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sorafenib
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Choi
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|