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Milano G, Gal J, Bensadoun RJ. Molecular and nutritional markers in head and neck cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:123-127. [PMID: 38441194 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is still a need of biomarkers in the induction and neoadjuvant settings for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The objective of this concise review article is to give an overview on both predictive and prognostic biomarkers potentially useful for the management of SCCHN. RECENT FINDINGS Human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity translated by the presence of the protein indicator p16 is synonymous of favorable prognosis SCCHN. However, there is some disparity for disease evolution among p16 positive SCCHN. A lack of correlation between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and precise quantification of active epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) may explain the absence of link between EGFR expression performed by IHC and response to EGFR targeting therapies reported in SCCHN. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have the property to share the main somatic mutations and genetic rearrangements with the primary tumors. A particular potential interest lies on the possibility to predict patient outcome based on a single-CTC analysis. SUMMARY This short review indicates that key biological marker reflecting disease outcome is not yet emerging for a clinical use in SCCHN. Hopes can be put into the so-called liquid biopsies incorporating circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Milano
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Scientific Valorisation Department
| | - Jocelyn Gal
- University Côte d'Azur, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department
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2
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Davodabadi F, Mirinejad S, Fathi-Karkan S, Majidpour M, Ajalli N, Sheervalilou R, Sargazi S, Rozmus D, Rahdar A, Diez-Pascual AM. Aptamer-functionalized quantum dots as theranostic nanotools against cancer and bacterial infections: A comprehensive overview of recent trends. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3366. [PMID: 37222166 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers (Apts) are synthetic nucleic acid ligands that can be engineered to target various molecules, including amino acids, proteins, and pharmaceuticals. Through a series of adsorption, recovery, and amplification steps, Apts are extracted from combinatorial libraries of synthesized nucleic acids. Using aptasensors in bioanalysis and biomedicine can be improved by combining them with nanomaterials. Moreover, Apt-associated nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymeric, dendrimers, carbon nanomaterials, silica, nanorods, magnetic NPs, and quantum dots (QDs), have been widely used as promising nanotools in biomedicine. Following surface modifications and conjugation with appropriate functional groups, these nanomaterials can be successfully used in aptasensing. Advanced biological assays can use Apts immobilized on QD surfaces through physical interaction and chemical bonding. Accordingly, modern QD aptasensing platforms rely on interactions between QDs, Apts, and targets to detect them. QD-Apt conjugates can be used to directly detect prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and lung cancers or simultaneously detect biomarkers associated with these malignancies. Tenascin-C, mucin 1, prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, nucleolin, growth factors, and exosomes are among the cancer biomarkers that can be sensitively detected using such bioconjugates. Furthermore, Apt-conjugated QDs have shown great potential for controlling bacterial infections such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. This comprehensive review discusses recent advancements in the design of QD-Apt bioconjugates and their applications in cancer and bacterial theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahdi Majidpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Narges Ajalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Dominika Rozmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ana M Diez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Quimica Fisica e Ingenieria Quimica, Madrid, Spain
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El-Mahdy HA, Mohamadin AM, Abulsoud AI, Khidr EG, El-Husseiny AA, Ismail A, Elsakka EGE, Mokhlis HA, El-Husseiny HM, Doghish AS. miRNAs as potential game-changers in head and neck cancer: Future clinical and medicinal uses. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154457. [PMID: 37058745 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors formed most frequently from epithelial cells of the larynx, lips, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and mouth. Numerous epigenetic components, including miRNAs, have been demonstrated to have an impact on HNCs characteristics like progression, angiogenesis, initiation, and resistance to therapeutic interventions. The miRNAs may control the production of numerous genes linked to HNCs pathogenesis. The roles that miRNAs play in angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis are responsible for this impact. The miRNAs also have an impact on crucial HNCs-related mechanistic networks like the WNT/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway, TGFβ, and KRAS mutations. miRNAs may affect how the HNCs respond to treatments like radiation and chemotherapy in addition to pathophysiology. This review aims to demonstrate the relationship between miRNAs and HNCs with a particular emphasis on how miRNAs impact HNCs signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mohamadin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Hamada Ahmed Mokhlis
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Al Qalyubia 13736, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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Wignarajah S, Chianella I, Tothill IE. Development of Electrochemical Immunosensors for HER-1 and HER-2 Analysis in Serum for Breast Cancer Patients. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13030355. [PMID: 36979567 PMCID: PMC10046363 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two human epidermal growth factor receptors, HER-1 and HER-2, were selected as biomarkers to enable the detection of breast cancer. Therefore, two biosensors were developed using gold sensor chips coupled with amperometric detection of the enzyme label horse radish peroxidase (HRP). The biosensors/immunosensors relied on indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with monoclonal antibodies (Ab) against HER-1 and HER-2 attached to the sensors to capture the biomarkers. Detection polyclonal antibodies followed by secondary anti-rabbit (for HER-1) and anti-goat (for HER-2) IgG antibody-HRP were then applied for signal generation. In buffer, the developed sensors showed limits of detections (LOD) of 1.06 ng mL-1 and 0.95 ng mL-1 and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 2.1 ng mL-1 and 1.5 ng mL-1 for HER-1 and HER-2, respectively. In 100% (undiluted) serum, LODs of 1.2 ng mL-1 and 1.47 ng mL-1 and LOQs of 1.5 ng mL-1 and 2.1 ng mL-1 were obtained for HER-1 and HER-2, respectively. Such limits of detections are within the serum clinical range for the two biomarkers. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) labelled with secondary anti-rabbit and anti-goat IgG antibody-HRP were then used to enhance the assay signal and increase the sensitivity. In buffers, LODs of 30 pg mL-1 were seen for both sensors and LOQs of 98 pg mL-1 and 35 pg mL-1 were recorded for HER-1 and HER-2, respectively. For HER-2 the AuNPs biosensor was also tested in 100% serum obtaining a LOD of 50 pg mL-1 and a LOQ of 80 pg mL-1. The HER-2 AuNP electrochemical immunosensor showed high specificity with very low cross-reactivity to HER-1. These findings demonstrate that the two developed sensors can enable early detection as well as monitoring of disease progression with a beneficial impact on patient survival and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iva Chianella
- Correspondence: (I.C.); (I.E.T.); Tel.: +44-(12)-34758322 (I.C.)
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Gudi RR, Janakiraman H, Howe PH, Palanisamy V, Vasu C. Loss of CPAP causes sustained EGFR signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:807-822. [PMID: 33889303 PMCID: PMC8057274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling can contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to therapies in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EGFR signaling can promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC. EMT is a process by which epithelial cells acquire invasive properties and it can contribute to tumor metastasis. Not only do the abnormal functions of microtubule and microtubule-organizing centers (MTOC) such as centrosomes lead to cancers, but also the malignant tissues are characterized by aberrant centriolar features and amplified centrosomes. Microtubule inhibition therapies increase the sensitivity to EGFR targeting drugs in various cancers. In this study, we show that the loss of expression of a microtubule/tubulin binding protein, centrosomal protein 4.1-associated protein (CPAP), which is critical for centriole biogenesis and normal functioning of the centrosome, caused an increase in the EGFR levels and its signaling and, enhanced the EMT features and invasiveness of OSCC cells. Further, depletion of CPAP enhanced the tumorigenicity of these cells in a xeno-transplant model. Importantly, CPAP loss-associated EMT features and invasiveness of multiple OSCC cells were attenuated upon depletion of EGFR in them. On the other hand, we found that CPAP protein levels were higher in EGF treated OSCC cells as well as in oral cancer tissues, suggesting that the frequently reported aberrant centriolar features of tumors are potentially a consequence, but not the cause, of tumor progression. Overall, our novel observations show that, in addition to its known indispensable role in centrosome biogenesis, CPAP also plays a vital role in suppressing tumorigenesis in OSCC by facilitating EGFR homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika R Gudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Philip H Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Viswanathan Palanisamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chenthamarakshan Vasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Optical Evidence for the Assembly of Sensors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polydiphenylamine for the Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy, new optical evidence for the assembly of sensors based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polydiphenylamine (PDPA) for the electrochemical detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are reported. The assembly process of the RGO sheets electrochemical functionalized with PDPA involves the chemical adsorption of 1,4-phenylene diisothiocyanate (PDITC), followed by an incubation with protein G in phosphate buffer (PB) solution and after that the interaction with EGFR antibodies solution. Taking into account the changes reported by Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy, a chemical mechanism of the assembling process for this sensor is proposed. The preliminary testing of the electrochemical activity of the sensors based on RGO and PDPA was reported by cyclic voltammetry.
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Cong L, Geng Y, Tian Y, Huo Z, Huang D, Liang C, Xu W, Wang Y, Xu S. Plasmon-Enhanced Four-Wave Mixing Imaging for Microdroplet-Based Single-Cell Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9459-9464. [PMID: 32539348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput single-cell analytical technique based on the microdroplet array integrated with the plasmon-enhanced-four-wave mixing (PE-FWM) imaging was developed, which is applicable for the highly sensitive and automatic assessment of the surface receptors of cells. The metal nanoprobes were prepared by simply decorating metal nanoparticles with capturing molecules (antibody or molecules with surface identification function). Owing to the multifrequency selection of lasers via resonating their plasmonic bands, these metal nanoprobes are highly recognizable under the FWM imaging and display high photostability above fluorescent dyes. This PE-FWM imaging technique shows superior to dark-field imaging due to almost no interference from off-resonant species and exhibits the antifade feature that is suitable for long-period cell monitoring. The automated processing of images is available for the analysis of cell heterogeneity according to the cell surface receptors. Emerging applications such as single-cell analysis, bioimaging, metabolite, and drug tracing offer many biological and medical possibilities with broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Yijia Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Zepeng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Dianshuai Huang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, 2109 Sydney, Australia
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China.,Department of Molecular Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, 2109 Sydney, Australia
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Yan X, Song Y, Liu J, Zhou N, Zhang C, He L, Zhang Z, Liu Z. Two-dimensional porphyrin-based covalent organic framework: A novel platform for sensitive epidermal growth factor receptor and living cancer cell detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:734-742. [PMID: 30553103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (denoted as p-COF) was synthesized by a simple oil-bath method and exploited as a novel sensing layer for immobilizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting aptamer strands to detect trace EGFR and living michigan cancer foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells for the first time. p-COF presented a nanosheet-like structure, large cavities, rich nitrogen-bearing groups, high electrochemical activity, excellent bioaffinity, low toxicity, and good stability in aqueous solution; the microstructural features of this material enabled strong immobilization of the aptamer strands. Interactions between the aptamer strands and EGFR significantly changed the electrochemical signals of the modified electrode due to the formation of an aptamer-EGFR complex. The p-COF-based aptasensor exhibited an extremely low detection limit (LOD) of 5.64 fg·mL-1 obtained from differential pulse voltammetry and 7.54 fg·mL-1 originated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with a broad linear detection range of 0.05-100 pg·mL-1 of the EGFR concentration. When detecting living MCF-7 cells, the p-COF-based aptasensor showed an LOD of 61 cell·mL-1 with a linear detection range of 500 × 105 cell·mL-1. The fabricated aptasensor exhibited high selectivity, good stability, reproducibility, acceptable recyclability, and favorable applicability in human serum samples. We believe that the developed p-COF-based aptasensor is a potential candidate for the sensitive detection of target cancer markers or living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yingpan Song
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Linghao He
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Zhongyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China.
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Pan M, Schinke H, Luxenburger E, Kranz G, Shakhtour J, Libl D, Huang Y, Gaber A, Pavšič M, Lenarčič B, Kitz J, Jakob M, Schwenk-Zieger S, Canis M, Hess J, Unger K, Baumeister P, Gires O. EpCAM ectodomain EpEX is a ligand of EGFR that counteracts EGF-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition through modulation of phospho-ERK1/2 in head and neck cancers. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006624. [PMID: 30261040 PMCID: PMC6177200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are characterized by outstanding molecular heterogeneity that results in severe therapy resistance and poor clinical outcome. Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was recently revealed as a major parameter of poor clinical outcome. Here, we addressed the expression and function of the therapeutic target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of the major determinant of epithelial differentiation epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in clinical samples and in vitro models of HNSCCs. We describe improved survival of EGFRlow/EpCAMhigh HNSCC patients (n = 180) and provide a molecular basis for the observed disparities in clinical outcome. EGF/EGFR have concentration-dependent dual capacities as inducers of proliferation and EMT through differential activation of the central molecular switch phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) and EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs) Snail, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (Zeb1), and Slug. Furthermore, soluble ectodomain of EpCAM (EpEX) was identified as a ligand of EGFR that activates pERK1/2 and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and induces EGFR-dependent proliferation but represses EGF-mediated EMT, Snail, Zeb1, and Slug activation and cell migration. EMT repression by EpEX is realized through competitive modulation of pERK1/2 activation strength and inhibition of EMT-TFs, which is reflected in levels of pERK1/2 and its target Slug in clinical samples. Accordingly, high expression of pERK1/2 and/or Slug predicted poor outcome of HNSCCs. Hence, EpEX is a ligand of EGFR that induces proliferation but counteracts EMT mediated by the EGF/EGFR/pERK1/2 axis. Therefore, the emerging EGFR/EpCAM molecular cross talk represents a promising target to improve patient-tailored adjuvant treatment of HNSCCs. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) display poor survival, with death rates above 55%. Major factors affecting survival are metastases’ formation and therapy resistance. Phenotypic changes during partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) provide tumor cells with increased migration, invasion, and therapy resistance. Understanding molecular mechanisms of EMT, as a central process of the metastatic cascade and the development of therapy resistance, is therefore important. In the present work, we identified molecular cross talk between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as a novel determinant of clinical outcome in HNSCCs. Low levels of EGFR but high levels of EpCAM (EGFRlow/EpCAMhigh) were associated with favorable prognosis, with survival rates above 90%, whereas EGFRhigh/EpCAMlow correlated with poor survival, below 10%. EGFR was shown to have a concentration-dependent capacity to induce proliferation and EMT. Proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEX) produces a ligand of EGFR that induces EGFR-dependent proliferation but counteracts EGF-induced EMT. We delineate an EGFR/extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)/EpCAM signaling axis that may be a promising therapeutic target for HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Henrik Schinke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Luxenburger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Kranz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Shakhtour
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Darko Libl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanchi Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aljaž Gaber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Pavšič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Lenarčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Institute Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julia Kitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Jakob
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Schwenk-Zieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Canis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer“, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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The EGFR Inhibitor Gefitinib Enhanced the Response of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Cisplatin In Vitro. Drugs R D 2018; 17:545-555. [PMID: 28828595 PMCID: PMC5694417 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-017-0204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors including oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and has been implicated in the resistance of these tumors to cisplatin. This study was performed to determine if the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib could enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin on OSCC cells in vitro. Methods The expression of EGFR and the phosphorylation of its downstream signaling to ERK, and AKT pathway were detected by Western blotting. Cell proliferation and survival were determined by AlamarBlue and colony formation assay respectively. Cells apoptosis were determined by Western blotting for cleaved PARP protein and by flowcytometry of cells stained with Annexin V and PI. Results Cal27, OSC19, and SCC25 cells treated with gefitinib 1 μM demonstrated reduced phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, and ERK proteins with very limited inhibition of proliferation. Cisplatin inhibited proliferation of the same cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration producing 50% inhibition (IC50) for cisplatin decreased in the presence of gefitinib 1 μM, and a combination of cisplatin 5 µM and gefitinib 1 µM caused synergistic growth inhibition and synergistic reduction in cell survival. The growth inhibitory effect of the combination was associated with reduced ERK and AKT activation, increased poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and increased apoptosis. Conclusion Thus, in OSCC cells in vitro, inhibition of EGFR activity with gefitinib enhances the apoptotic effect of cisplatin. This has potential implications for enhancement of cisplatin effectiveness in tumors that over-express the EGFR.
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11
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Zhang D, Ma F, Zhang Q, Zhang CY. Highly sensitive detection of epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer cells by aptamer-based target-/probe-mediated cyclic signal amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:11496-11499. [PMID: 28990029 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We develop an antibody-free fluorescence method for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) assay using aptamer-based target-/probe-mediated cyclic signal amplification. The method is highly sensitive with a detection limit of 0.16 fM, and it can be applied to detect EGFR in lung cancer cells, holding great potential in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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12
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Wang C, Wang Z, Zhao T, Li Y, Huang G, Sumer BD, Gao J. Optical molecular imaging for tumor detection and image-guided surgery. Biomaterials 2018; 157:62-75. [PMID: 29245052 PMCID: PMC6502237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have witnessed rapid development of fluorescence molecular imaging of solid tumors for cancer diagnosis and image-guided surgery in the past decade. Many biomarkers unique to cancer cells or tumor microenvironment, such as cell surface receptors, hypoxia, secreted proteases and extracellular acidosis have been characterized, and can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissue. A variety of optical imaging probes have been developed to target these biomarkers to improve tumor contrast over the background tissue. Unlike conventional anatomical and molecular imaging technologies, fluorescent imaging method benefits from its safety, high-spatial resolution and real-time capability, and therefore, has become a highly adoptable imaging method for tumor detection and image-guided surgery in clinics. In this review, we summarize recent progress in 'always-ON' and stimuli-activatable fluorescent imaging probes, and discuss their potentials in tumor detection and image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Baran D Sumer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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13
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Ding X, Zhang W, Li G, Liu L, Wu H, Gu W, Wu Y, Song X. A novel Notch1 missense mutation (C1133Y) in the Abruptex domain exhibits enhanced proliferation and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:6. [PMID: 29321718 PMCID: PMC5759178 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Notch1 has been regarded as a fundamental regulator in tissue differentiation and stem cell properties. Recently, Notch1 mutations have been reported intensively both in solid tumors and in hematopoietic malignancies. However, little is known about the biological effect and the clinical implication of these reported mutations. Previously, we discovered several missense mutations in the Notch1 receptor in a Chinese population with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods We selected a ‘hotspot’ mutation in the Abruptex domain (C1133Y). The expression of Notch1 was determined by western blot and real-time qPCR in OSCC cell lines transfected with pcDNA3.1-Notch1WT, pcDNA3.1-Notch1C1133Y, or pcDNA3.1 empty vector. CCK-8 assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to confirm the alteration of cell cycle after transfection. Transwell assays and the detection of Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were used to determine the invasive ability. The effects of Notch1 C1133Y mutation were analyzed by Immunofluorescence staining and the expression of EGFR-PI3K/AKT signaling. Results We demonstrated that Notch1C1133Y mutation inactivated the canonical Notch1 signaling. We identified an oncogenic phenotype of this mutation by promoting cell proliferation, invasion and by inducing EMT in OSCC cell lines. We found that the Notch1C1133Y mutation exhibited a decreased S1-cleavage due to the impaired transport of Notch1 protein from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex, which was consistent with the observation of the failure of the Notch1C1133Y mutated receptor to present at the cell surface. Importantly, the mutated Notch1 activated the EGFR-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which has been confirmed as an overwhelming modulator in OSCC. Conclusions Taken together, our findings revealed for the first time a novel Notch1 mutation that enhances proliferation and invasion in OSCC cell lines. The Notch1 C1133Y mutation impairs the processing of notch1 protein and the critical links between the mutated Notch1 and the activated EGFR-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-017-0496-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Xu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, 99, Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000 People's Republic of China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China
| | - Heming Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Yunong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 136, Hanzhong Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210029 People's Republic of China
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14
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Ding X, Dong Y, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhong Y, Gu W, Wu Y, Song X. Combined Erlotinib and PF-03084014 treatment contributes to synthetic lethality in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Prolif 2017; 51:e12424. [PMID: 29232766 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by high mortality and low survival rates. As an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, Erlotinib has been approved for treatment of various tumours. PF-03084014 is a selective inhibitor of Notch1 signalling. This study aimed to explore new approaches for simultaneously targeting EGFR and Notch1 signalling to attenuate tumour growth and improve survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay and Flow cytometry. Cell invasive ability was determined by Transwell assay. Western blot was used to test the expression of Notch1 and EGFR pathway. Cleaved Caspase-3 staining and TUNEL assay were used to verify the apoptosis through combined treatment. RESULTS We first confirmed proliferative inhibition and cell death in HNSCC with combined Erlotinib and PF-03084014 treatment. Moreover, we found PF-03084014 reversed the increased invasion induced by Erlotinib. In a preclinical therapeutic drug trial in vivo, combined treatment effectively abrogated tumour growth. Most importantly, one mechanism was found that PF-03084014 alone could activate the PI3K/AKT signalling, the downstream of EGFR signalling, and Erlotinib alone could activate the intracellular domain of Notch1 (NICD), while combined treatment of PF-03084014 and Erlotinib suppressed the HNSCC growth. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that concomitant inhibition of the Notch1 and EGFR pathways represented a rational strategy for promoting apoptosis in HNSCC and overcoming treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
| | - Xu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld., Australia
| | - Yunong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province, Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Epidermal growth factor receptor intron-1 CA repeat polymorphism on protein expression and clinical outcome in Taiwanese oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4963. [PMID: 28694429 PMCID: PMC5504053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) CA repeats polymorphism and protein expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 194 OSCCs were examined for EGFR protein overexpression, gene copy number and the length of their CA repeats. The length of the EGFR CA repeats was found not to be associated with EGFR gene copy number or with protein overexpression. To exclude the effect of EGFR gene copy number on protein overexpression, only those OSCC tumors with disomy of the EGFR gene were included in further analysis. In this subgroup, EGFR protein overexpression was significantly associated with poor differentiation of the tumor cells and lymph node metastasis, especially extra-capsular spread. However, EGFR CA repeats were not related to any clinicopathological factor. Interestingly, patients genetically found to have the EGFR CA repeats SS genotype and having tumors with EGFR protein overexpression were found to have a worst prognosis in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.03-6.98) after multivariate adjustment. The present study demonstrates that concurrent overexpression of EGFR protein in the presence genetically of the SS form CA repeats acts as a predictor for poor DFS.
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16
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Islam M, Mane S, Hyder E, Jones S, Ellis I. The motogenic effect of EGF and TGF-α on the migration of tumor cells from the oral region. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ORAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2057178x17698481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Islam
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Shraddha Mane
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Erum Hyder
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sarah Jones
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Ian Ellis
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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17
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Regiart M, Fernández-Baldo MA, Villarroel-Rocha J, Messina GA, Bertolino FA, Sapag K, Timperman AT, Raba J. Microfluidic immunosensor based on mesoporous silica platform and CMK-3/poly-acrylamide-co-methacrylate of dihydrolipoic acid modified gold electrode for cancer biomarker detection. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:83-92. [PMID: 28335979 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a hybrid glass-poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic immunosensor for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) determination, based on the covalent immobilization of anti-EGFR antibody (anti-EGFR) on amino-functionalized mesoporous silica (AMS) retained in the central channel of a microfluidic device. The synthetized AMS was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and infrared spectroscopy. The cancer biomarker was quantified in human serum samples by a direct sandwich immunoassay measuring through a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-EGFR. The enzymatic product was detected at -100 mV by amperometry on a sputtering gold electrode, modified with an ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) in a matrix of poly-acrylamide-co-methacrylate of dihydrolipoic acid (poly(AC-co-MDHLA)) through in situ copolymerization. CMK-3/poly(AC-co-MDHLA)/gold was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EDS and SEM. The measured current was directly proportional to the level of EGFR in human serum samples. The linear range was from 0.01 ng mL-1 to 50 ng mL-1. The detection limit was 3.03 pg mL-1, and the within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were below 5.20%. The microfluidic immunosensor is a very promising device for the diagnosis of several kinds of epithelial origin carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Regiart
- INFAP, Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Martin A Fernández-Baldo
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Jhonny Villarroel-Rocha
- INFAP, Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Germán A Messina
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Franco A Bertolino
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Karim Sapag
- INFAP, Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejercito de los Andes 950, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Aaron T Timperman
- Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Julio Raba
- INQUISAL, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Chacabuco 917, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina.
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18
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Veracini L, Grall D, Schaub S, Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne S, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Milano G, Bozec A, Babin E, Sudaka A, Thariat J, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. Elevated Src family kinase activity stabilizes E-cadherin-based junctions and collective movement of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7570-83. [PMID: 25779657 PMCID: PMC4480700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) overexpression is thought to drive head and neck carcinogenesis however clinical responses to EGFR-targeting agents have been modest and alternate targets are actively sought to improve results. Src family kinases (SFKs), reported to act downstream of EGFR are among the alternative targets for which increased expression or activity in epithelial tumors is commonly associated to the dissolution of E-cadherin-based junctions and acquisition of a mesenchymal-like phenotype. Robust expression of total and activated Src was observed in advanced stage head and neck tumors (N=60) and in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma lines. In cultured cancer cells Src co-localized with E-cadherin in cell-cell junctions and its phosphorylation on Y419 was both constitutive and independent of EGFR activation. Selective inhibition of SFKs with SU6656 delocalized E-cadherin and disrupted cellular junctions without affecting E-cadherin expression and this effect was phenocopied by knockdown of Src or Yes. These findings reveal an EGFR-independent role for SFKs in the maintenance of intercellular junctions, which likely contributes to the cohesive invasion E-cadherin-positive cells in advanced tumors. Further, they highlight the need for a deeper comprehension of molecular pathways that drive collective cell invasion, in absence of mesenchymal transition, in order to combat tumor spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Veracini
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Dominique Grall
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Sébastien Schaub
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Stéphanie Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France.,Department of Pathology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | - Gérard Milano
- Laboratory of Oncopharmacology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Alexandre Bozec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Babin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, CHU, Caen, France
| | - Anne Sudaka
- Department of Pathology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France.,Laboratory of Oncopharmacology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Ellen Van Obberghen-Schilling
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France.,CNRS, UMR7277, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1091, Nice, France.,Department of Pathology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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19
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Grau JJ, Mesía R, de la Iglesia-Vicente M, Williams ES, Taberna M, Caballero M, Larque AB, de la Oliva J, Cordón-Cardo C, Domingo-Domenech J. Enrichment of Cells with Cancer Stem Cell-Like Markers in Relapses of Chemoresistant Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Oncology 2016; 90:267-72. [PMID: 27077749 DOI: 10.1159/000445118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) present different responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One explanation may be the differences in the individual rates of stem cell-like cells. METHODS We included patients with HNSCC and tumor progression or relapse. Tumor samples were obtained before and after primary chemotherapy, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed for CD44, HLA class I (HLA-I), pancytokeratin, and phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR). Differences in expression between the first and second specimens were assessed. RESULTS Expression between the first and second specimens varied as follows: CD44 increased by 14.67% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.94 to 22.40; p < 0.01); HLA-I decreased by 16.72% (95% CI: -23.87 to -9.47; p < 0.01); pancytokeratin decreased by 24.91% (95% CI: -32.8 to -17.7; p < 0.01), and p-EFGR expression decreased by 12.30% (95% CI: -20.61 to -3.98; p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with HNSCC, there is an enrichment of cells with stem-like markers in relapsed tumors when compared with the primary tumor. This finding should be considered when developing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Grau
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Qiu Y, Wen Q, Zhang L, Yang P. Label-free and dynamic evaluation of cell-surface epidermal growth factor receptor expression via an electrochemiluminescence cytosensor. Talanta 2016; 150:286-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Ilkhani H, Sarparast M, Noori A, Zahra Bathaie S, Mousavi MF. Electrochemical aptamer/antibody based sandwich immunosensor for the detection of EGFR, a cancer biomarker, using gold nanoparticles as a signaling probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:491-7. [PMID: 26176209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in biological fluids is of paramount importance, since it has significant application in cancer diagnosis, drug development, and therapy monitoring. EGFR is a cancer biomarker, and its overexpression is associated with the development of some types of cancer. Herein, we report on the development of a sensitive and selective electrochemical aptamer/antibody (Apt/Ab) sandwich immunosensor for detection of EGFR. In this study, a biotinylated anti-human EGFR Apt was immobilized on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (MB) and served as a capture probe. A polyclonal anti-human EGFR Ab was conjugated to citrate-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and used as a signaling probe. In the presence of EGFR, an Apt-EGFR-Ab sandwich was formed on the MB surface. The extent of the complexation was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry of AuNPs after their dissolution in HCl. Under optimal conditions, the dynamic concentration range of the immunosensor for EGFR spanned from 1 to 40 ng/mL, with a low detection limit of 50 pg/mL, and RSD percent of less than 4.2%. The proposed approach takes advantage of sandwich assay for high specificity, MBs for fast separation, and electrochemical method for cost-effective and sensitive detection. In this proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate the potential clinical efficacy of the immunosensor for monitoring of chemotherapy effectiveness in breast cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Ilkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Morteza Sarparast
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Noori
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir F Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran.
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Zhang S, Bai H, Pi J, Yang P, Cai J. Label-Free Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring of Resveratrol Effect on Mechanical Changes and Folate Receptor Expression Levels of Living MCF-7 Cells: A Model for Screening of Drugs. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4797-805. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaolian Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihua Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Department
of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihui Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department
of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Mohan BC, Angadi PV. Unraveling the role of epidermal growth factor receptor in oral lesions: Key to non surgical treatment modes. World J Stomatol 2015; 4:22-28. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v4.i1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity, mediating actions of various growth factors including EGF, transforming growth factor-α, and neuregulins. Protein binding to ligand induces receptor modification, tyrosine autophosphorylation leading to cell signaling resulting in cellular proliferation. This receptor plays diverse roles in maintaining homeostasis and recent molecular advances identify that EGFR mutations are linked to several carcinomas. EGFR plays important roles in the development and maintenance of various oral structures, tooth development, eruption and morphogenesis. EGFR expression has also been studied in diverse oral pathologies like squamous cell carcinomas, potentially malignant lesions, lichen planus, salivary gland tumors and odontogenic cysts and tumours. The present review delves into the various general features of EGFR with an insight into its physiological and pathological role in the oral cavity. The clinical implications and upcoming role of EGFR inhibitors in the nonsurgical treatment of oral lesions has also been discussed.
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24
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Islam MR, Ellis IR, Macluskey M, Cochrane L, Jones SJ. Activation of Akt at T308 and S473 in alcohol, tobacco and HPV-induced HNSCC: is there evidence to support a prognostic or diagnostic role? Exp Hematol Oncol 2014; 3:25. [PMID: 25352995 PMCID: PMC4210546 DOI: 10.1186/2162-3619-3-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco, alcohol and HPV infection are associated with increased risk of HNSCC. However, little is known about the underlying signaling events influencing risk. We aimed to investigate the relationship between these risk factors and Akt phosphorylation, to determine prognostic value. Method VEGF-positive HNSCC biopsies, with known HPV status, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Akt, phosphorylated at residues S473 and T308. Comparisons between the tissues were carried out using a Mann–Whitney U test. Associations between the variables and continuous immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated with general linear models. Patient characteristics and pAkt IHC score were analyzed for possible association with overall survival by Cox proportional hazard models. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed that cancer patients had significantly higher levels of pAkt T308 than S473 (P < 0.001). Smoking and alcohol were found to be independent risk factors for Akt phosphorylation at T308 (P = 0.022 and 0.027, respectively). Patients with tumors positive for HPV or pAkt S473 had a poorer prognosis (P = 0.005, and 0.004, respectively). Patients who were heavy drinkers were 49 times more likely to die than non-drinkers (P = 0.003). Patients with low pAkt T308 were more likely to be HPV positive (P = 0.028). Non-drinkers were also found to have lower levels of pAkt T308 and were more likely to have tumors positive for HPV than heavy drinkers (P = 0.044 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion This study suggests different mechanisms of carcinogenesis are initiated by smoking, alcohol and HPV. Our data propose higher phosphorylation of Akt at T308 as a reliable biomarker for smoking and alcohol induced HNSCC progression and higher phosphorylation of Akt at S473 as a prognostic factor for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Islam
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, The Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HR UK
| | - Ian R Ellis
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, The Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HR UK
| | - Michaelina Macluskey
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, The Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HR UK
| | - Lynda Cochrane
- Division of Population Health Science, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD2 4BF UK
| | - Sarah J Jones
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, The Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HR UK
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25
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In-situ detection of resveratrol inhibition effect on epidermal growth factor receptor of living MCF-7 cells by Atomic Force Microscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:271-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Elshafey R, Tavares AC, Siaj M, Zourob M. Electrochemical impedance immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles–protein G for the detection of cancer marker epidermal growth factor receptor in human plasma and brain tissue. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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28
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Irani S, Salajegheh A, Smith RA, Lam AKY. A review of the profile of endothelin axis in cancer and its management. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 89:314-21. [PMID: 24035584 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelins and their associated receptors are important controllers of vascular growth, inflammation and vascular tone. In cancer, they have roles in the control of numerous factors in cancer development and progression, including angiogenesis, stromal reaction, epithelial mesenchymal transitions, apoptosis, invasion, metastases and drug resistance. Also, we consider current information on the role of this signalling system in cancer and examine the state of the current cell, animal and clinical trials utilizing endothelin targeted drugs for cancer management. Although targeting the endothelin axis in cell lines and xenografts show some promise in retarding cellular growth, results from limited clinical trials in prostatic cancer are less encouraging and did not offer significant survival benefit. The ability to target both cancer cells and vasculature via endothelin is an important consideration that necessitates the further refining of therapeutic strategies as we continue to explore the possibilities of the endothelin axis in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ali Salajegheh
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Anthony Smith
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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29
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Vasudev A, Kaushik A, Bhansali S. Electrochemical immunosensor for label free epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 39:300-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Smith A, Teknos TN, Pan Q. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2012. [PMID: 23182398 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic cellular process that is essential for the development of metastatic disease. During EMT, a tumor cell with epithelial characteristics transitions to a tumor cell with mesenchymal characteristics through modulation of cell polarity and adhesion. Two hallmark EMT proteins, E-Cadherin and Vimentin, are tightly controlled during EMT through multiple signal transduction pathways. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ) promote EMT by regulating a distinct set of transcription factors, including Snail and Twist. Snail, Twist, and Slug are integral to the induction of EMT through direct regulation of genes involved in cellular adhesion, migration, and invasion. This review highlights the current literature on EMT in HNSCC. Understanding the role of EMT will provide insight to the pathogenesis of disease progression and may lead to the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics for metastatic HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, 442 Tzagournis Medical Research, 420 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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31
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Paliga A, Onerheim R, Gologan A, Chong G, Spatz A, Niazi T, Garant A, Macheto D, Alcindor T, Vuong T. EGFR and K-ras gene mutation status in squamous cell anal carcinoma: a role for concurrent radiation and EGFR inhibitors? Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1864-8. [PMID: 23093229 PMCID: PMC3504953 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing appreciation for radio-sensitiser use in multi-modal cancer treatment models. Squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCAC) is a rare gastrointestinal tumour traditionally treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation. Cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, has demonstrated significant efficacy when combined with radiation in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SccH&N). We wanted to assess EGFR and Kirsten-ras (K-ras) status in SCAC to see whether it compares with SccH&N. METHODS Over 90 SCAC paraffin-embedded biopsies were mounted onto a tissue microarray and were assessed for EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry. These samples were also assessed for the most frequently mutated K-ras and EGFR exons by high-resolution melting analysis. RESULTS The EGFR was present in over 90% of samples tested. The K-ras and EGFR mutations were absent in all samples tested, although a synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism was found in 3 out of 89 samples tested for EGFR exon 19. CONCLUSION The low rate of K-ras and EGFR mutations, coupled with the high surface expression of EGFR, suggests similarity in the EGFR signalling pathway between SCAC and SccH&N, and thus a potential role for EGFR inhibitors in SCAC. To our knowledge this is the largest cohort of invasive SCAC samples investigated for EGFR and K-ras mutations reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paliga
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.
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Stegeman H, Kaanders JH, Wheeler DL, van der Kogel AJ, Verheijen MM, Waaijer SJ, Iida M, Grénman R, Span PN, Bussink J. Activation of AKT by hypoxia: a potential target for hypoxic tumors of the head and neck. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:463. [PMID: 23046567 PMCID: PMC3517352 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a minority of cancer patients benefits from the combination of EGFR-inhibition and radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A potential resistance mechanism is activation of EGFR and/or downstream pathways by stimuli in the microenvironment. The aim of this study was to find molecular targets induced by the microenvironment by determining the in vitro and in vivo expression of proteins of the EGFR-signaling network in 6 HNSCC lines. As hypoxia is an important microenvironmental parameter associated with poor outcome in solid tumors after radiotherapy, we investigated the relationship with hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Six human HNSCC cell lines were both cultured as cell lines (in vitro) and grown as xenograft tumors (in vivo). Expression levels were determined via western blot analysis and localization of markers was assessed via immunofluorescent staining. To determine the effect of hypoxia and pAKT-inhibition on cell survival, cells were incubated at 0.5% O(2) and treated with MK-2206. RESULTS We observed strong in vitro-in vivo correlations for EGFR, pEGFR and HER2 (rs = 0.77, p = 0.10, rs = 0.89, p = 0.03) and rs = 0.93, p = 0.02, respectively), but not for pAKT, pERK1/2 or pSTAT3 (all r(s)<0.55 and p>0.30). In vivo, pAKT expression was present in hypoxic cells and pAKT and hypoxia were significantly correlated (rs = 0.51, p = 0.04). We confirmed in vitro that hypoxia induces activation of AKT. Further, pAKT-inhibition via MK-2206 caused a significant decrease in survival in hypoxic cells (p<0.01), but not in normoxic cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that (p)EGFR and HER2 expression is mostly determined by intrinsic features of the tumor cell, while the activation of downstream kinases is highly influenced by the tumor microenvironment. We show that hypoxia induces activation of AKT both in vitro and in vivo, and that hypoxic cells can be specifically targeted by pAKT-inhibition. Targeting pAKT is thus a potential way to overcome therapy resistance induced by hypoxia and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Stegeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Thariat J, Bensadoun RJ, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Grall D, Penault-Llorca F, Dassonville O, Bertucci F, Cayre A, De Raucourt D, Geoffrois L, Finetti P, Giraud P, Racadot S, Morinière S, Sudaka A, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Milano G. Contrasted Outcomes to Gefitinib on Tumoral IGF1R Expression in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Postoperative Chemoradiation (GORTEC Trial 2004-02). Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5123-33. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wheeler S, Siwak DR, Chai R, LaValle C, Seethala RR, Wang L, Cieply K, Sherer C, Joy C, Mills GB, Argiris A, Siegfried JM, Grandis JR, Egloff AM. Tumor epidermal growth factor receptor and EGFR PY1068 are independent prognostic indicators for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2278-89. [PMID: 22351687 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) molecular characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS HNSCC tumors from patients prospectively enrolled in either an Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) study and treated with surgery without an EGFR-targeted agent (N = 154) or enrolled in a chemoradiation trial involving the EGFR-targeted antibody cetuximab (N = 39) were evaluated for EGFR gene amplification by FISH and EGFR protein by immunohistochemical staining. Fresh-frozen tumors (EDRN) were also evaluated for EGFR protein and site-specific phosphorylation at Y992 and Y1068 using reverse-phase protein array (n = 67). Tumor (n = 50) EGFR and EGFRvIII mRNA levels were quantified using real-time PCR. RESULTS EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was significantly higher in the EDRN tumors with EGFR gene amplification (P < 0.001), and a similar trend was noted in the cetuximab-treated cohort. In the EDRN and cetuximab-treated cohorts elevated EGFR by IHC was associated with reduced survival (P = 0.019 and P = 0.06, respectively). Elevated expression of total EGFR and EGFR PY1068 were independently significantly associated with reduced progression-free survival in the EDRN cohort [HR = 2.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-6.00 and HR = 3.29; 95% CI = 1.34-8.14, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS In two independent HNSCC cohorts treated with or without cetuximab, tumor EGFR levels were indicative of survival. Tumor EGFR PY1068 levels provided prognostic information independent of total EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wheeler
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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