1
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Fujii Y, Ono A, Hayes CN, Aikata H, Yamauchi M, Uchikawa S, Kodama K, Teraoka Y, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Miki D, Okamoto W, Kawaoka T, Tsuge M, Imamura M, Chayama K. Identification and monitoring of mutations in circulating cell-free tumor DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:215. [PMID: 34174931 PMCID: PMC8235843 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background There has been a recent surge in interest in predicting biological effects associated with genomic alterations in order to implement personalized cancer treatment strategies. However, no reports have yet evaluated the utility of profiling blood-based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with lenvatinib (LEN). Method We retrospectively performed ctDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis in 24 patients with advanced HCC at baseline and 4 weeks after initiation of LEN. Association of the changes in variant allele frequencies (VAFs) during treatment and clinical outcome were evaluated. Results In total, 131 single nucleotide variants, 17 indels, and 23 copy number variations were detected as somatic alterations in 28, 6, and 12 genes, respectively in 23 of 24 patients. The most frequently altered genes were TP53 (54%), CTNNB1 (42%), TERT (42%), ATM (25%), and ARID1A (13%). The reduction in the mean frequency of variants (VAFmean) following 4 weeks of LEN treatment was associated with longer progression-free survival. The specificity and sensitivity of the reduction of VAFmean for predicting partial response were 0.67 and 1.0, respectively, which were higher than those of serum α-fetoprotein level (0.10 and 0.93, respectively). No association between the mutation status at baseline and the effectiveness of LEN was observed. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that somatic alterations could be detected in the majority of advanced HCC patients by ctDNA profiling and that ctDNA-kinetics during LEN treatment was a useful marker of disease progression. These results suggest that ctDNA profiling is a promising method that provides valuable information in clinical practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02016-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masami Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Cancer Treatment Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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2
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Moia R, Patriarca A, Mahmoud AM, Ferri V, Favini C, Rasi S, Deambrogi C, Gaidano G. Assessing prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia using biomarkers and genetics. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1804860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Patriarca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Abdurraouf Mokhtar Mahmoud
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Favini
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Rasi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Clara Deambrogi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
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3
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Paier CRK, Maranhão SS, Carneiro TR, Lima LM, Rocha DD, da Silva Santos R, de Farias KM, de Moraes-Filho MO, Pessoa C. Natural products as new antimitotic compounds for anticancer drug development. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e813s. [PMID: 30540125 PMCID: PMC6256996 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e813s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control genes are frequently mutated in cancer cells, which usually display higher rates of proliferation than normal cells. Dysregulated mitosis leads to genomic instability, which contributes to tumor progression and aggressiveness. Many drugs that disrupt mitosis have been studied because they induce cell cycle arrest and tumor cell death. These antitumor compounds are referred to as antimitotics. Vinca alkaloids and taxanes are natural products that target microtubules and inhibit mitosis, and their derivatives are among the most commonly used drugs in cancer therapy worldwide. However, severe adverse effects such as neuropathies are frequently observed during treatment with microtubule-targeting agents. Many efforts have been directed at developing improved antimitotics with increased specificity and decreased likelihood of inducing side effects. These new drugs generally target specific components of mitotic regulation that are mainly or exclusively expressed during cell division, such as kinases, motor proteins and multiprotein complexes. Such small molecules are now in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and many are products or derivatives from natural sources. In this review, we focused on the most promising targets for the development of antimitotics and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these targets. We also highlighted the novel natural antimitotic agents under investigation by our research group, including combretastatins, withanolides and pterocarpans, which show the potential to circumvent the main issues in antimitotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roberto Koscky Paier
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Sarah Sant'Anna Maranhão
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Teiliane Rodrigues Carneiro
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Sintese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Farmacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Sintese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Farmacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Danilo Damasceno Rocha
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Renan da Silva Santos
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Kaio Moraes de Farias
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes-Filho
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Nucleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
- Programa de Pos graduacao em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, BR
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Sun P, Xiang R, Ren G, Yang S. ZEB1 confers chemotherapeutic resistance to breast cancer by activating ATM. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:57. [PMID: 29352223 PMCID: PMC5833408 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) has been identified as a key factor in the regulation of breast cancer differentiation and metastasis, its potential role in modulating tumor chemoresistance has not been fully understood. Here, through the study of specimens from a large cohort of human breast cancer subjects, we showed that patients with tumors that expressed high levels of ZEB1 responded poorly to chemotherapy. Moreover, ZEB1 expression was positively correlated with expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) and cyclin D1, which are key components of tumor chemoresistant mechanisms. At the molecular level, ectopic expression of ZEB1 impaired the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to genotoxic drug treatment, such as epirubicin (EPI). During this process, ZEB1 transcriptionally activated the expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase by forming a ZEB1/p300/PCAF complex on its promoter, leading to increased homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA damage repair and the clearance of DNA breaks. Using a nude mouse xenograft model, we further confirmed that ectopic expression of ZEB1 decreased breast cancer responsiveness to EPI treatment in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that ZEB1 is a crucial determinant of chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Quansheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rong Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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5
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Li SJ, Liang XY, Li HJ, Yang GZ, Li W, Li Z, Zhou L, Wen X, Yu DH, Cui JW. Low-dose irradiation inhibits proliferation of the p53null type human prostate cancer cells through the ATM/p21 pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:548-554. [PMID: 29115439 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) induces hormesis, exerts an adoptive effect on normal mammalian cells and stimulates cell proliferation; however, this effect is absent in cancer cells. Little is known on the molecular mechanisms underlying this differential response between normal and cancer cells. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and the normal prostate cell line RWPE-1 exhibited differential biological responses to LDIR. Through cell cycle analyses, it was demonstrated that LDIR inhibited cell growth and arrested the cell cycle at the S and G2/M phases in PC-3 cells, but not in RWPE-1 cells. Using western blotting, it was demonstrated that LDIR at 75 mGy induced the expression of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein in PC-3 as well as RWPE-1 cells. However, the ATM̸p21 pathway was activated in PC-3, but not in RWPE-1 cells. Although the expression of p53 was not affected by 75 mGy LDIR in RWPE-1 cells, the ATM̸p21 pathway was activated when RWPE-1 cells lost p53 function. In addition, when using ATM inhibitors, the ATM̸p21 pathway was inactivated in both cell lines, and the LDIR-induced cell proliferation inhibition was also abolished. These findings suggested that the ATM/p21 pathway directly participated in the LDIR-induced cell proliferation inhibition in p53null type prostate tumor cells, whereas this mechanism was absent in normal prostate cells. Thus, p53 may affect cell stability following LDIR, and plays a crucial role in regulating the ATM/p21 pathway activated by LDIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Zi Yang
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - De-Hai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Wei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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6
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Wang Y, Li Y, Yang L, Yin D. Intermittent low dose irradiation enhances the effectiveness of radio- and chemo-therapy for human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:591-597. [PMID: 28560404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose irradiation (LDIR) induces hormesis and adaptive response in organism and mammalian cell lines. Notably, LDIR generates distinct biological effects in cancer cells from normal cells, e.g., it may affect the growth of cancer cells via the activation of certain cell signaling pathway, which does not exist in normal cells. Therefore, LDIR is considered as a promising assistant method of clinical cancer therapy. In this study, we chose human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 as the experimental model, and investigated the differential biological effects between 250 mGy single dose LDIR and 250 mGy intermittent LDIR pretreatments in high dose irradiation (HDIR) radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy. Through the cell growth assays, we observed that 250 mGy intermittent LDIR pretreatment significantly increased the killing effect of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Western blotting results showed that intermittent LDIR pretreatment apparently activated the ATM/p53 (ataxia telangiectasia mutated, ATM) pathway in radiotherapy; it also activated ERK and p38MAPK pathways in chemotherapy. When we used chemical inhibitors to block the ATM/p53 or p38MAPK pathways, the intermittent LDIR induced cell growth inhibitions were reversed. However, blockage of ERK pathway could not affect the cell growth inhibiton in chemotherapy. Taken together, our findings evaluated the intermittent LDIR as a potential valuable method that can enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, especially in the radio- or chemo-resistant tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Yezhou Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, FAW General Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130011, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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7
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TP53 dysfunction in CLL: Implications for prognosis and treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:90-99. [PMID: 27742075 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of novel targeted agents, TP53 defects remain the most important adverse prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Detection of deletion of TP53 locus (17p deletion) by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become standard and performed prior to every line of treatment as the incidence dramatically increases as relapses occur. As monoallelic mutations of TP53 equally affect outcome, novel methods are being developed to improve detection of TP53 defects and include next-generation sequencing (NGS) and functional assays. TP53 defects highly affect outcome of immunochemotherapy but also alter response durations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although BCR-targeting agents and Bcl-2-inhibitos have achieved durable responses in some patients with TP53 defects, long-term follow-up is currently lacking. In this review biological and clinical consequences of TP53 dysfunction as well as applicability of currently available methods to detect TP53 defects are described. In addition, proposed novel therapeutic strategies specifically for patients with TP53 dysfunction are discussed. In summary, the only curative treatment option for TP53-defective CLL is still allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Other treatment strategies such as rationale combinations of agents with different (TP53 independent) targets, including kinase inhibitors and inhibitors of anti-apoptotic molecules but also immunomodulatory agents need to be further explored.
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8
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Choi M, Kipps T, Kurzrock R. ATM Mutations in Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1781-91. [PMID: 27413114 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Activation of checkpoint arrest and homologous DNA repair are necessary for maintenance of genomic integrity during DNA replication. Germ-line mutations of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene result in the well-characterized ataxia telangiectasia syndrome, which manifests with an increased cancer predisposition, including a 20% to 30% lifetime risk of lymphoid, gastric, breast, central nervous system, skin, and other cancers. Somatic ATM mutations or deletions are commonly found in lymphoid malignancies, as well as a variety of solid tumors. Such mutations may result in chemotherapy resistance and adverse prognosis, but may also be exploited by existing or emerging targeted therapies that produce synthetic lethal states. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1781-91. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Choi
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California.
| | - Thomas Kipps
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, and Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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Tracy I, Tapper W, Parker A, Gardiner A, Sadullah S, Pratt G, Copplestone A, Oscier D, Best OG. Type C TP53-CDKN1A pathway dysfunction occurs independently of CDKN1A gene polymorphisms in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is associated with TP53 abnormalities. Br J Haematol 2016; 178:824-826. [PMID: 27292869 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Tracy
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
| | - William Tapper
- Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anton Parker
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Anne Gardiner
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Shalal Sadullah
- Department of Haematology, James Paget University Hospitals, Great Yarmouth, UK
| | - Guy Pratt
- Department of Haematology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David Oscier
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Oliver Giles Best
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK
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10
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Agnoletto C, Brunelli L, Melloni E, Pastorelli R, Casciano F, Rimondi E, Rigolin GM, Cuneo A, Secchiero P, Zauli G. The anti-leukemic activity of sodium dichloroacetate in p53mutated/null cells is mediated by a p53-independent ILF3/p21 pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2385-96. [PMID: 25544776 PMCID: PMC4385858 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients harboring p53 mutations are invariably refractory to therapies based on purine analogues and have limited treatment options and poor survival. Having recently demonstrated that the mitochondria-targeting small molecule sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) exhibits anti-leukemic activity in p53wild-type B-CLL cells, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DCA in p53mutated B-CLL cells and in p53mutated/null leukemic cell lines. DCA exhibited comparable cytotoxicity in p53wild-type and p53mutated B-CLL patient cell cultures, as well as in p53mutated B leukemic cell lines (MAVER, MEC-1, MEC-2). At the molecular level, DCA promoted the transcriptional induction of p21 in all leukemic cell types investigated, including p53null HL-60. By using a proteomic approach, we demonstrated that DCA up-regulated the ILF3 transcription factor, which is a known regulator of p21 expression. The role of the ILF3/p21 axis in mediating the DCA anti-leukemic activity was underscored by knocking-down experiments. Indeed, transfection with ILF3 and p21 siRNAs significantly decreased both the DCA-induced p21 expression and the DCA-mediated cytotoxicity. Taken together, our results emphasize that DCA is a small molecule that merits further evaluation as a therapeutic agent also for p53mutated leukemic cells, by acting through the induction of a p53-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agnoletto
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Institute of Pharmacological Researches, IRCCS "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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11
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Athanasakis E, Melloni E, Rigolin GM, Agnoletto C, Voltan R, Vozzi D, Piscianz E, Segat L, Dal Monego S, Cuneo A, Secchiero P, Zauli G. The p53 transcriptional pathway is preserved in ATMmutated and NOTCH1mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12635-45. [PMID: 25587027 PMCID: PMC4350355 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By using next generation sequencing, we have analyzed 108 B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. Among genes involved in the TP53 pathway, we found frequent mutations in ATM (n=18), TP53 (n=10) and NOTCH1 (n=10) genes, rare mutations of NOTCH2 (n=2) and CDKN1A/p21 (n=1) and no mutations in BAX, MDM2, TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10B genes. The in vitro treatment of primary B-CLL cells with the activator of p53 Nutlin-3 induced the transcription of p53 target genes, without significant differences between the B-CLL without mutations and those harboring either ATM or NOTCH1 mutations. On the other hand, the subgroup of TP53mutated B-CLL exhibited a significantly lower induction of the p53 target genes in response to Nutlin-3 as compared to the other B-CLL samples. However, among the TP53mutated B-CLL, those showing mutations in the high hot spot region of the DNA binding domain [273-280 aa] maintained a significantly higher p53-dependent transcriptional activity as compared to the other TP53mutated B-CLL samples. Since the ability to elicit a p53-dependent transcriptional activity in vitro has a positive prognostic significance, our data suggest that ATMmutated, NOTCH1mutated and surprisingly, also a subset of TP53mutated B-CLL patients might benefit from therapeutic combinations including small molecule activator of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoletto
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rebecca Voltan
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Vozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Ludovica Segat
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Simeone Dal Monego
- Cluster in Biomedicine, CBM S.c.r.l., Bioinformatic Services, Area Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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12
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Mattsson K, Honkaniemi E, Barbany G, Gustafsson B. Increased p53 protein expression as a potential predictor of early relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with acute myelogenous leukemia. Pediatr Transplant 2015; 19:767-75. [PMID: 26432780 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle such as TP53, P21, P16, and PTEN plays a key role in oncogenesis. We have earlier reported increased expression of the TP53 encoded protein p53, in bone marrow samples from pediatric patients with more aggressive, rare chronic myeloid malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate protein expression of p53, p21, p16, and PTEN before and after HSCT in pediatric patients with AML and evaluate whether any potential alterations could predict relapse after HSCT. Paraffin-embedded bone marrow samples from 34 pediatric patients with AML were collected retrospectively from time of diagnosis as well as pre- and post-HSCT. IHC was performed on tissue microarrays with antibodies against p53, p21, p16, and PTEN. Study material was analyzed by independent t-tests and nonlinear regression. t-Tests showed a statistical significant difference in p53 (p = 0.010) with overexpression in the group of patients who relapsed compared to the relapse-free patients at >3-6 months post-HSCT. Analysis of p53 protein expression by IHC may be a potential predictor for relapse after HSCT in children with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Honkaniemi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Södertälje Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gisela Barbany
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Assessment of p53 and ATM functionality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1852. [PMID: 26247737 PMCID: PMC4558513 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ATM-p53 DNA-damage response (DDR) pathway has a crucial role in chemoresistance in CLL, as indicated by the adverse prognostic impact of genetic aberrations of TP53 and ATM. Identifying and distinguishing TP53 and ATM functional defects has become relevant as epigenetic and posttranscriptional dysregulation of the ATM/p53 axis is increasingly being recognized as the underlying cause of chemoresistance. Also, specific treatments sensitizing TP53- or ATM-deficient CLL cells are emerging. We therefore developed a new ATM-p53 functional assay with the aim to (i) identify and (ii) distinguish abnormalities of TP53 versus ATM and (iii) enable the identification of additional defects in the ATM-p53 pathway. Reversed transcriptase multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (RT-MLPA) was used to measure ATM and/or p53-dependent genes at the RNA level following DNA damage using irradiation. Here, we showed that this assay is able to identify and distinguish three subgroups of CLL tumors (i.e., TP53-defective, ATM-defective and WT) and is also able to detect additional samples with a defective DDR, without molecular aberrations in TP53 and/or ATM. These findings make the ATM-p53 RT-MLPA functional assay a promising prognostic tool for predicting treatment responses in CLL.
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14
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Agnoletto C, Melloni E, Casciano F, Rigolin GM, Rimondi E, Celeghini C, Brunelli L, Cuneo A, Secchiero P, Zauli G. Sodium dichloroacetate exhibits anti-leukemic activity in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and synergizes with the p53 activator Nutlin-3. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4347-60. [PMID: 24962518 PMCID: PMC4147328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-leukemic activity of the mitochondria-targeting small molecule sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), used alone and in association with the small molecule inhibitor of the p53/MDM2 interaction Nutlin-3, was analyzed in primary B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) samples (n=22), normal peripheral blood cells (n=10) and in p53wild-type EHEB, JVM-2, JVM-3 B lymphoblastoid cell lines. DCA exhibited a dose-dependent anti-leukemic activity in both primary B-CLL and B leukemic cell lines with a functional p53 status and showed a synergistic cytotoxic activity when used in combination with Nutlin-3. At the molecular level, DCA positively regulated p53 activity, as documented by post-transcriptional modifications of p53 protein and synergized with Nutlin-3 in increasing the expression of the p53-target genes MDM2, PUMA, TIGAR and in particular p21. The potential role of p21 in mediating the DCA+Nutlin-3 anti-leukemic activity was underscored in knocking-down experiments. Indeed, transfection of leukemic cells with p21 siRNAs significantly decreased the DCA+Nutlin-3-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, our data emphasize that DCA is a molecule that merits to be further evaluated as a chemotherapeutic agent for B-CLL, likely in combination with other therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Agnoletto
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. These two authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Elisabetta Melloni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. These two authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Laura Brunelli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara-Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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15
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Kantorova B, Malcikova J, Smardova J, Pavlova S, Trbusek M, Tom N, Plevova K, Tichy B, Truong S, Diviskova E, Kotaskova J, Oltova A, Patten N, Brychtova Y, Doubek M, Mayer J, Pospisilova S. TP53 mutation analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: comparison of different detection methods. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3371-80. [PMID: 25527155 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 gene defects represent a strong adverse prognostic factor for patient survival and treatment resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although various methods for TP53 mutation analysis have been reported, none of them allow the identification of all occurring sequence variants, and the most suitable methodology is still being discussed. The aim of this study was to determine the limitations of commonly used methods for TP53 mutation examination in CLL and propose an optimal approach for their detection. We examined 182 CLL patients enriched for high-risk cases using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast (FASAY), and the AmpliChip p53 Research Test in parallel. The presence of T53 gene mutations was also evaluated using ultra-deep next generation sequencing (NGS) in 69 patients. In total, 79 TP53 mutations in 57 (31 %) patients were found; among them, missense substitutions predominated (68 % of detected mutations). Comparing the efficacy of the methods used, DHPLC and FASAY both combined with direct Sanger sequencing achieved the best results, identifying 95 % and 93 % of TP53-mutated patients. Nevertheless, we showed that in CLL patients carrying low-proportion TP53 mutation, the more sensitive approach, e.g., ultra-deep NGS, might be more appropriate. TP53 gene analysis using DHPLC or FASAY is a suitable approach for mutation detection. Ultra-deep NGS has the potential to overcome shortcomings of methods currently used, allows the detection of minor proportion mutations, and represents thus a promising methodology for near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kantorova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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El-Ghammaz AMS, Abdelwahed E, Mostafa NN, Mansour DA. De novo deletion 17p13.1 as a predictor for disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:493-9. [PMID: 25300358 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To determine the prognostic impact of de novo deletion 17p13.1 (17p-) in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, we prospectively studied the outcome of 71 treatment-naïve CLL patients. About 18.3 % of them had 17p- detected by interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) at diagnosis. There was statistically significant difference between 17p- negative and positive patients as regards 2-year overall survival [OS] (89.7 vs. 53.8 %, respectively; P = 0.001). On the other hand, 2-year progression-free survival [PFS] was also significantly higher in 17p- negative group than in 17p- positive one (82.8 vs. 23.1 %, respectively; P < 0.001). On univariate analysis for OS, 17p- positivity was significantly associated with shorter OS (P = 0.003). However, when we performed multivariate analysis, 17p- lost its significant impact. On the other hand, 17p- positivity was a significant risk factor for PFS in both univariate and multivariate analyses [independent risk factor] (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). So, 17p- is a predictor for disease progression, but not for survival in CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M S El-Ghammaz
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Essam Abdelwahed
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevine N Mostafa
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina A Mansour
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Toze CL, Gerrie AS. CLL-clear sailing ahead for many, while rough waters remain for some. Leuk Res 2014; 38:1154-5. [PMID: 25175828 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Toze
- Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program of British Columbia, Canada; Division of Hematology, Vancouver General Hospital and British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada; University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Alina S Gerrie
- Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program of British Columbia, Canada; Lymphoma Tumour Group, Divisions of Hematology and Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada; University of British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Lin K, Farahani M, Yang Y, Johnson GG, Oates M, Atherton M, Douglas A, Kalakonda N, Pettitt AR. Loss of MIR15A and MIR16-1 at 13q14 is associated with increased TP53 mRNA, de-repression of BCL2 and adverse outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:346-55. [PMID: 25040181 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that TP53 mRNA is variably expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and that under-expression is associated with TP53 dysfunction and adverse outcome. Although TP53 mRNA levels did indeed vary among the 104 CLL samples examined, this variability resulted primarily from over-expression of TP53 mRNA in 18 samples, all of which lacked TP53 deletion/mutation. These patients had higher lymphocyte counts and shorter overall and treatment-free survival times compared to cases with low TP53 mRNA expression and no TP53 deletion/mutation. Furthermore, TP53 mRNA levels did not correlate with levels of TP53 protein or its transcriptional target CDKN1A. We speculated that the adverse outcome associated with TP53 mRNA over-expression might reflect variation in levels of MIR15A and MIR16-1, which are encoded on chromosome 13q14 and target TP53 and some oncogenes including BCL2. In keeping with our hypothesis, 13q14 copy number and levels of MIR15A/MIR16-1 correlated positively with one another but negatively with levels of TP53 mRNA and BCL2 mRNA. Our findings support a model in which loss of MIR15A/MIR16-1 at chromosome 13q14 results in adverse outcome due to de-repression of oncogenes such as BCL2, and up-regulation of TP53 mRNA as a bystander effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lin
- Department of Haematology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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19
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te Raa GD, Malčiková J, Mraz M, Trbusek M, Le Garff-Tavernier M, Merle-Béral H, Greil R, Merkel O, Pospíšilová S, Lin K, Pettitt AR, Stankovic T, van Oers MH, Eldering E, Stilgenbauer S, Zenz T, Kater AP. Assessment of TP53 functionality in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by different assays; an ERIC-wide approach. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:565-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Doreen te Raa
- Department of Haematology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Exp. Immunology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jitka Malčiková
- CEITEC; Centre of Molecular Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Haematology and Oncology; Medical Faculty MU and University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- CEITEC; Centre of Molecular Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Haematology and Oncology; Medical Faculty MU and University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trbusek
- CEITEC; Centre of Molecular Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Haematology and Oncology; Medical Faculty MU and University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- AP-HP; Service d'Hématologie Biologique; Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
| | - Rudolf Greil
- IIIrd Medical department; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - Olaf Merkel
- IIIrd Medical department; Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
- Department of Translational Oncology; National Centre for Tumour Diseases (NCT); German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sarka Pospíšilová
- CEITEC; Centre of Molecular Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Haematology and Oncology; Medical Faculty MU and University Hospital; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ke Lin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - Andrew R. Pettitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | | | - Marinus H. van Oers
- Department of Haematology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Centre); Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Laboratory of Exp. Immunology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Centre); Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Translational Oncology; National Centre for Tumour Diseases (NCT); German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Medicine V; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arnon P. Kater
- Department of Haematology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Exp. Immunology; Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- LYMMCARE (Lymphoma and Myeloma Centre); Academic Medical Centre; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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20
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Honkaniemi E, Mattsson K, Barbany G, Sander B, Gustafsson B. Elevated p53 protein expression; a predictor of relapse in rare chronic myeloid malignancies in children? Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 31:327-39. [PMID: 24761810 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2014.898723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 have been associated with poor outcome in adult hematological malignancies. We have earlier reported an increased expression of the TP53 encoded protein p53, in bone marrow samples from pediatric patients with aggressive leukemia. Our aim was now to evaluate p53 protein expression at different time points before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as a predictor of relapse in a group of children diagnosed with MDS, JMML and CML, and also investigate if potential alterations in expression could be correlated to mutations in TP53. PROCEDURE Paraffin embedded bone marrow samples from 33 pediatric patients diagnosed with MDS, JMML and CML between 1997 and 2010 were collected retrospectively from time of diagnosis and pre and post HSCT. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays (TMA) with antibodies to p53 and p21. DNA sequencing of exon 2-11 of TP53 was performed in 7 patients with JMML and 5 patients with MDS. RESULTS Elevated p53 protein expression at diagnosis predicted for relapse, odds ratio (OR) 1.19 (95% CI: 1.02-1.40, p = .028). Sequencing of TP53 did not reveal any mutations in the 12 patients analyzed and p53 expression correlated positively to p21 expression indicating a functional p53/p21 protein pathway. CONCLUSION Elevated p53 protein expression at diagnosis may be an indicator of relapse in children with MDS, JMML and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Honkaniemi
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Astrid Lindgren Children`s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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CYP2B6*6 is an independent determinant of inferior response to fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2013; 122:4253-8. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-516666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Therapeutic response in CLL can be influenced by host pharmacogenetics.
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22
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Pozzo F, Dal Bo M, Peragine N, Bomben R, Zucchetto A, Rossi F, Degan M, Rossi D, Chiarenza A, Grossi A, Di Raimondo F, Zaja F, Pozzato G, Secchiero P, Gaidano G, Del Poeta G, Zauli G, Fo À R, Guarini A, Gattei V. Detection of TP53 dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by an in vitro functional assay based on TP53 activation by the non-genotoxic drug Nutlin-3: a proposal for clinical application. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:83. [PMID: 24283248 PMCID: PMC4222122 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 defects, i.e. 17p13 deletion and/or nucleotide mutations, associate with short survival and chemorefractoriness in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this context, since direct sequencing of the TP53 gene does not evaluate TP53 functionality, a functional assessment of TP53 pathway may be of interest to identify high risk CLL. By taking advantage of a training cohort of 100 CLL and a validation cohort of 40 CLL with different patterns of TP53 mutation/deletion by FISH and sequencing, we propose an in-vitro assay in which the modulation of TP53 protein and CDKN1A mRNA were investigated upon 24-hour exposure of CLL cells to Nutlin-3. Methods The functional assay was set-up on cell lines recapitulating all TP53 genotypes (EHEB, TP53wt/wt; RAJI, TP53mut/wt; MEC-1 and MAVER1, TP53mut/del; HL-60, TP53del/del) and evaluated in two multi-institutional cohorts, purposely enriched in CLL bearing TP53 disruption: a training cohort of 100 cases and a validation cohort of 40 cases, both characterized by FISH and TP53 direct sequencing. Cells were exposed to 10 μM Nutlin-3 for 24 hours; TP53 accumulation was evaluated by Western blotting; TP53 transcriptional activity was determined by quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) of the TP53 target gene CDKN1A. Results According to TP53 protein modulation, in the training cohort we identified: i) 63 cases (51 TP53wt/wt, 12 TP53del/wt) with absence of basal TP53 and induction after treatment (normal pattern); ii) 18 cases (3 TP53mut/wt, 15 TP53mut/del) with high basal TP53 without increase after treatment (mutant pattern); iii) 19 cases (5 TP53mut/wt; 3 TP53mut/del; 11 TP53wt/wt) with basal TP53 that increases upon treatment (intermediate pattern). Evaluation of CDKN1A mRNA levels upon Nutlin-3 exposure showed that the 26 TP53 mutated (TP53mut/del or TP53mut/wt) cases had lower induction levels than the majority (57/63) of cases with normal pattern, and 10/12 cases with intermediate pattern without evidence of TP53 derangement by FISH and sequencing. These results were confirmed in the independent validation cohort of 40 cases (13 TP53wt/wt, 3 TP53del/wt, 12 TP53mut/del, 12 TP53mut/wt). Conclusions The proposed functional assay may integrate the conventional analyses for the identification of TP53 dysregulated CLL.
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23
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p53 and cell cycle independent dysregulation of autophagy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2434-44. [PMID: 24091621 PMCID: PMC3817336 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of wild-type p53 with the small molecule sirtuin inhibitor Tenovin-6 (Tnv-6) induces p53-dependent apoptosis in many malignant cells. In contrast, Tnv-6 reduces chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cell viability with dysregulation of autophagy, without increasing p53-pathway activity. Methods: Here, we have investigated whether a quiescent phenotype (unique to CLL) determines the Tnv-6 response, by comparing the effects of Tnv-6 on activated and proliferating CLL. We further studied if these responses are p53-dependent. Results: Unlike quiescent cells, cell death in activated cultures treated with Tnv-6 was consistently associated with p53 upregulation. However, p53 acetylation remained unchanged, without caspase-3 cleavage or apoptosis on electron microscopy. Instead, cellular ultrastructure and protein profiles indicated autophagy inhibition, with reduced ubiquitin–proteasome activity. In specimens with mutant TP53 cultured with Tnv-6, changes in the autophagy-associated protein LC3 occurred independently of p53. Cells treated with Tnv-6 analogues lacking sirtuin inhibitory activity had attenuated LC3 lipidation compared with Tnv-6 (P⩽0.01), suggesting that autophagy dysregulation occurs predominantly through an effect on sirtuins. Conclusion: These cell cycle and p53-independent anti-leukaemic mechanisms potentially offer novel therapeutic approaches to target leukaemia-sustaining cells in CLL, including in disease with p53-pathway dysfunction. Whether targets in addition to sirtuins contribute to autophagy dysregulation by Tnv-6, requires further investigation.
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Stankovic T, Skowronska A. The role of ATM mutations and 11q deletions in disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:1227-39. [PMID: 23906020 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.829919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract ATM gene alteration is a frequent event in pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and occurs as monoallelic loss in the form of 11q23 deletion, with and without mutation in the remaining ATM allele. ATM is a principal DNA damage response gene and biallelic ATM alterations lead to ATM functional loss and chemoresistance. The introduction of new therapies, such as intensive chemoimmunotherapy and inhibition of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, has changed clinical responses for the majority of CLL tumors including those with 11q deletion, but it remains to be determined whether these strategies can prevent clonal evolution of tumors with biallelic ATM alterations. In this review we discuss ATM function and the consequences of its loss during CLL pathogenesis, differences in clinical behavior of tumors with monoallelic and biallelic ATM alterations, and we outline possible approaches for targeting the ATM null CLL phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Stankovic
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
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Navrkalova V, Sebejova L, Zemanova J, Jaskova Z, Trbusek M. The p53 pathway induction is not primarily dependent on Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene activity after fludarabine treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:1840-3. [PMID: 23808769 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.796056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic role of ATM defects is well documented in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, the predictive value of ATM inactivation is much less understood, even in response to common drugs like fludarabine. It has been demonstrated that CLL cells having inactive ATM exhibit defective phosphorylation of its downstream targets after fludarabine treatment. We performed alternative analysis focusing on fludarabine-induced p53 accumulation and induction of p53-downstream genes after artificial ATM inhibition and, in parallel, using cells with endogenous ATM inactivation. We show that after 24h fludarabine exposure: (i) 5 out of 8 ATM-deficient samples (63%) normally accumulated p53 protein, and (ii) all analyzed ATM-deficient samples (n = 7) manifested clear induction of p21, PUMA, BAX, and GADD45 genes. In all experiments, doxorubicin was used as a confined ATM inductor and confirmed effective ATM inactivation. In conclusion, CLL cells lacking functional ATM appear to have normal response to fludarabine regarding the p53 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Navrkalova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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te Raa GD, Malcikova J, Pospisilova S, Trbusek M, Mraz M, Garff-Tavernier ML, Merle-Béral H, Lin K, Pettitt AR, Merkel O, Stankovic T, van Oers MH, Eldering E, Stilgenbauer S, Zenz T, Kater AP. Overview of available p53 function tests in relation to TP53 and ATM gene alterations and chemoresistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:1849-53. [PMID: 23614766 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.796058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ATM-p53 DNA damage response pathway plays a crucial role in chemoresistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as indicated by the adverse prognostic impact of deletions of 17p (locus of TP53) and 11q (locus of ATM) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. In addition to deletions, mutations in these respective genes are also associated with chemoresistance, and add to the prognostic information provided by FISH. In order to explore the possibility that dysfunction of the ATM-p53 pathway might also result from mechanisms other than ATM/TP53 deletion/mutation, assays have been developed that probe the functional integrity of the ATM-p53 pathway. Currently, four different p53 function assays have been developed that are based on the measurement of p53 and p53-dependent genes at the RNA (real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]p21; RT-PCRmiR34a; reverse transcription-multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay [RT-MLPA]p21, bax, puma and CD95) or protein (fluorescence activated cell sorting [FACS]p53-p21) level in untreated cells or following irradiation or drug treatment. Here we provide an overview of these assays based on the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Doreen te Raa
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Navrkalova V, Sebejova L, Zemanova J, Kminkova J, Kubesova B, Malcikova J, Mraz M, Smardova J, Pavlova S, Doubek M, Brychtova Y, Potesil D, Nemethova V, Mayer J, Pospisilova S, Trbusek M. ATM mutations uniformly lead to ATM dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: application of functional test using doxorubicin. Haematologica 2013; 98:1124-31. [PMID: 23585524 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM abnormalities are frequent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and represent an important prognostic factor. Sole 11q deletion does not result in ATM inactivation by contrast to biallelic defects involving mutations. Therefore, the analysis of ATM mutations and their functional impact is crucial. In this study, we analyzed ATM mutations in predominantly high-risk patients using: i) resequencing microarray and direct sequencing; ii) Western blot for total ATM level; iii) functional test based on p21 gene induction after parallel treatment of leukemic cells with fludarabine and doxorubicin. ATM dysfunction leads to impaired p21 induction after doxorubicin exposure. We detected ATM mutation in 16% (22 of 140) of patients, and all mutated samples manifested demonstrable ATM defect (impaired p21 upregulation after doxorubicin and/or null protein level). Loss of ATM function in mutated samples was also evidenced through defective p53 pathway activation after ionizing radiation exposure. ATM mutation frequency was 34% in patients with 11q deletion, 4% in the TP53-defected group, and 8% in wild-type patients. Our functional test, convenient for routine use, showed high sensitivity (80%) and specificity (97%) for ATM mutations prediction. Only cells with ATM mutation, but not those with sole 11q deletion, were resistant to doxorubicin. As far as fludarabine is concerned, this difference was not observed. Interestingly, patients from both these groups experienced nearly identical time to first treatment. In conclusion, ATM mutations either alone or in combination with 11q deletion uniformly led to demonstrable ATM dysfunction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mutation presence can be predicted by the functional test using doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Navrkalova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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TP53 aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 792:109-31. [PMID: 24014294 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8051-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CLL patients harboring TP53 defects remain the most challenging group in terms of designing rational and effective therapy. Irrespective of the treatment employed-chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, or pure biological drugs-median survival of these patients does not exceed 3-4 years. This adverse outcome is caused by a less effective response to therapeutics acting through DNA damage induction and relying on the subsequent initiation of apoptosis as well as by virtually inevitable aggressive relapse. Patient proportions with TP53 defects at diagnosis or before first therapy were reported within the range 5-15 %, but they increase dramatically in pretreated cohorts (reported up to 44 %), and also in patients with Richter transformation (50 % harbor TP53 defects). Currently, most laboratories monitor TP53 defect as presence of 17p deletion using I-FISH, but 23-45 % of TP53-affected patients were shown to harbor only mutation(s). In other patients with intact TP53, the p53 pathway may be impaired by mutations in ATM gene coding for the p53-regulatory kinase; however, prognosis of ATM-defective patients is not as poor as those with TP53 abnormalities. Though many novel agents are under development, the monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab and allogeneic stem cell transplantation remain the basic treatment options for TP53-affected CLL patients.
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