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Zeng Q, Hu H, Huang Z, Guo A, Lu S, Tong W, Zhang Z, Shen T. Active and machine learning-enhanced discovery of new FGFR3 inhibitor, Rhapontin, through virtual screening of receptor structures and anti-cancer activity assessment. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1413214. [PMID: 38919748 PMCID: PMC11196408 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1413214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study bridges traditional remedies and modern pharmacology by exploring the synergy between natural compounds and Ceritinib in treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), aiming to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicities. Methods: Using a combined approach of computational analysis, machine learning, and experimental procedures, we identified and analyzed PD173074, Isoquercitrin, and Rhapontin as potential inhibitors of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Machine learning algorithms guided the initial selection, followed by Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the interaction dynamics and stability of Rhapontin. Physicochemical assessments further verified its drug-like properties and specificity. Results: Our experiments demonstrate that Rhapontin, when combined with Ceritinib, significantly suppresses tumor activity in NSCLC while sparing healthy cells. The molecular simulations and physicochemical evaluations confirm Rhapontin's stability and favorable interaction with FGFR3, highlighting its potential as an effective adjunct in NSCLC therapy. Discussion: The integration of natural compounds with established cancer therapies offers a promising avenue for enhancing treatment outcomes in NSCLC. By combining the ancient wisdom of natural remedies with the precision of modern science, this study contributes to evolving cancer treatment paradigms, potentially mitigating the side effects associated with current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichuan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aotian Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Longyou County People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Lin H, Fu H, Sun S, Yin H, Yuan J, Liao J. Patient tissue-derived FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer organoid development and anticancer drug sensitivity testing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30985. [PMID: 38826758 PMCID: PMC11141279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids were developed to investigate the effects of FGFR4-targeted drugs, including FGFR4-IN and erdafitinib, on CRC and their possible molecular mechanism. Methods Clinical CRC tissues were collected, seven CRC organoids were developed, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. CRC organoids were cultured and organoid drug sensitivity studies were conducted. Finally, an FGFR4-variant (no wild-type) CRC patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model was developed. Western blot measured ERK/AKT/STAT3 pathway-related protein levels. Results WES results revealed the presence of FGFR4-variants in 5 of the 7 CRC organoids. The structural organization and integrity of organoids were significantly altered under the influence of targeted drugs (FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib). The effects of FGFR4 targeted drugs were not selective for FGFR4 genotypes. FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib significantly reduced the growth, diameter, and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) activity of organoids. Furthermore, chemotherapeutic drugs, including 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, inhibited FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoid activity. Moreover, the tumor volume of mice was significantly reduced at week 6, and p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, and p-STAT3 levels were down-regulated following FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib treatment. Conclusions FGFR4-targeted and chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited the activity of FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoids, and targeted drugs were more effective than chemotherapeutic drugs at the same concentration. Additionally, FGFR4 inhibitors hindered tumorigenesis in FGFR4-variant CRC organoids through ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. However, no wild-type control was tested in this experiment, which need further confirmation in the next study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shishen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jilin Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
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Lee YY, Ryu JY, Cho YJ, Choi JY, Choi JJ, Choi CH, Sa JK, Hwang JR, Lee JW. The anti-tumor effects of AZD4547 on ovarian cancer cells: differential responses based on c-Met and FGF19/FGFR4 expression. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38273381 PMCID: PMC10811874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FGF/FGFR signaling pathway plays a critical role in human cancers. We analyzed the anti-tumor effect of AZD4547, an inhibitor targeting the FGF/FGFR pathway, in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and strategies on overcoming AZD4547 resistance. METHODS The effect of AZD4547 on cell viability/migration was evaluated and in vivo experiments in intraperitoneal xenografts using EOC cells and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model were performed. The effect of the combination of AZD4547 with SU11274, a c-Met-specific inhibitor, FGF19-specific siRNA, or an FGFR4 inhibitor was evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS AZD4547 significantly decreased cell survival and migration in drug-sensitive EOC cells but not drug-resistant cells. AZD4547 significantly decreased tumor weight in xenograft models of drug-sensitive A2780 and SKOV3ip1 cells and in a PDX with drug sensitivity but not in models with drug-resistant A2780-CP20 and SKOV3-TR cells. Furthermore, c-Met expression was high in SKOV3-TR and HeyA8-MDR cells, and co-administration of SU11274 and AZD4547 synergistically induced cell death. In addition, expressions of FGF19 and FGFR4 were high in A2780-CP20 cells. Combining AZD4547 with FGF19 siRNA or with a selective FGFR4 inhibitor led to significantly reduced cell proliferation in A2780-CP20 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that AZD4547 has significant anti-cancer effects in drug-sensitive cells and PDX models but not in drug-resistant EOC cells. In drug-resistant cells, the expression level of c-Met or FGF19/FGFR4 may be a predictive biomarker for AZD4547 treatment response, and a combination strategy of drugs targeting c-Met or FGF19/FGFR4 together with AZD4547 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Young Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Ryu
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Choi
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jung-Joo Choi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jason K Sa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Ryoung Hwang
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Tang J, Gao E, Huang X, Liu Y, Shao W. Non B Cell-Derived Immunoglobulins in Lung Epithelial Cells and Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1445:157-168. [PMID: 38967758 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0511-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
As the locus for air exchange, lung tissue is perpetually exposed to a significant quantity of foreign pathogens. Consequently, lung has developed a refined and intricate immune system. Beyond their physical and chemical barrier roles, lung epithelial cells can contribute to immune defence through the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors, along with the secretion of cytokines. Emerging evidence demonstrates that lung epithelial cells can generate and secrete immunoglobulins (Igs), including IgM, IgA, or IgG, thus performing antibody function. Moreover, malignantly transformed lung epithelial cells have been discovered to produce high levels of Ig, predominantly IgG, which do not fulfill the role of antibodies, but instead carries out tumour-promoting activity. Structural analysis has indicated that the biological activity of IgG produced by lung cancer cells differs from that of Igs produced by normal lung epithelial cells due to the unique glycosylation modification. Specifically, the sialylated IgG (SIA-IgG), characterised by a non-traditional N-glycosylation modification at the Asn162 site of Igγ CH1, is highly expressed in tumour stem cells. It has been demonstrated that SIA-IgG relies on this unique sialylation modification to promote tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Current results have proven that the Ig produced by lung epithelial cells has multifaceted biological activities, including immune defence functions under physiological conditions, while acquiring tumour-promoting activity during malignant transformation. These insights possess potential for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer as novel biomarkers and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Erya Gao
- People's Medical Publishing House Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenwei Shao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Mäkinen N, Meyerson M. Genomic insights into the mechanisms of FGFR1 dependency in squamous cell lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e174171. [PMID: 37909331 PMCID: PMC10617760 DOI: 10.1172/jci174171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although subsets of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) benefit from immunotherapy, there are few effective molecularly targeted treatments for LSCC. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors provide a therapeutic option for patients with LSCC harboring FGFR aberrations, but their therapeutic efficacy has been limited to date. In this issue of the JCI, Malchers et al. identified tail-to-tail rearrangements, either within or near FGFR1, that are associated with FGFR1 dependency and sensitivity to FGFR inhibition in LSCC. These results may help improve the selection of patients with LSCC who are most likely to benefit from treatment with FGFR inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Genomics
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Mäkinen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tomasso A, Koopmans T, Lijnzaad P, Bartscherer K, Seifert AW. An ERK-dependent molecular switch antagonizes fibrosis and promotes regeneration in spiny mice ( Acomys). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2331. [PMID: 37126559 PMCID: PMC10132760 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although most mammals heal injured tissues and organs with scarring, spiny mice (Acomys) naturally regenerate skin and complex musculoskeletal tissues. Now, the core signaling pathways driving mammalian tissue regeneration are poorly characterized. Here, we show that, while immediate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation is a shared feature of scarring (Mus) and regenerating (Acomys) injuries, ERK activity is only sustained at high levels during complex tissue regeneration. Following ERK inhibition, ear punch regeneration in Acomys shifted toward fibrotic repair. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified ERK-responsive cell types. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments prompted us to uncover fibroblast growth factor and ErbB signaling as upstream ERK regulators of regeneration. The ectopic activation of ERK in scar-prone injuries induced a pro-regenerative response, including cell proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and hair follicle neogenesis. Our data detail an important distinction in ERK activity between regenerating and poorly regenerating adult mammals and open avenues to redirect fibrotic repair toward regenerative healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tomasso
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany
- Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence-International Max Planck Research School (CiM-IMPRS Graduate Program), Münster 48149, Germany
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584CT, Netherlands
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastrasse 11, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 101 T.H. Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Tim Koopmans
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584CT, Netherlands
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastrasse 11, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Philip Lijnzaad
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, Utrecht 3584 CS, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Bartscherer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster 48149, Germany
- Cells in Motion Cluster of Excellence-International Max Planck Research School (CiM-IMPRS Graduate Program), Münster 48149, Germany
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584CT, Netherlands
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastrasse 11, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 101 T.H. Morgan Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Khadela A, Postwala H, Rana D, Dave H, Ranch K, Boddu SHS. A review of recent advances in the novel therapeutic targets and immunotherapy for lung cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:152. [PMID: 37071269 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is amongst the most pervasive malignancies having high mortality rates. It is broadly grouped into non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The concept of personalized medicine has overshadowed the conventional chemotherapy given to all patients with lung cancer. The targeted therapy is given to a particular population having specific mutations to help in the better management of lung cancer. The targeting pathways for NSCLC include the epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, MET (Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) oncogene, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). SCLC targeting pathway includes Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK 1) pathway, WEE1 pathway, Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL-Immune checkpoint inhibitors like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) blockade are also utilized in the management of lung cancer. Many of the targeted therapies are still under development and require clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the mechanism of molecular targets and immune-mediated targets, recently approved drugs, and their clinical trials for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Deval Rana
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Hetvi Dave
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ketan Ranch
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharm. Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Guo L, Liu J, Nie X, Wang T, Ma ZX, Yin D, Tang W. Development of selective FGFR1 degraders using a Rapid synthesis of proteolysis targeting Chimera (Rapid-TAC) platform. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128982. [PMID: 36096343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy. The major bottleneck for the development of PROTACs is the need to screen multiple parameters to create an effective degrader. It often involves the synthesis of dozens to hundreds of compounds one by one through a tedious process. We have developed a two-stage approach that allows for the rapid synthesis of PROTACs (Rapid-TAC) using preassembled building blocks to screen multiple parameters simultaneously. We herein report the application of this method to the development of PROTACs for FGFR, a challenging membrane protein target. In the first stage, we prepared 24 potential PROTACs quickly from a hydrazide-containing FGFR inhibitor and our previously reported VHL and CRBN ligand library bearing various linkers and an aldehyde functional group. These 24 PROTACs were then directly used for screening in cellular assay for protein degradation. Multiple hits were identified from the initial screening. We then prepared the corresponding stable analogues by replacing the hydrolytic labile acylhydrazone motif with an amide in the second stage. Among them, PROTAC LG1188 was identified as a potent and selective FGFR1 degrader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xueqing Nie
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Taobo Wang
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zhi-Xiong Ma
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dan Yin
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Signaling pathways and targeted therapies in lung squamous cell carcinoma: mechanisms and clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:353. [PMID: 36198685 PMCID: PMC9535022 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death across the world. Unlike lung adenocarcinoma, patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) have not benefitted from targeted therapies. Although immunotherapy has significantly improved cancer patients' outcomes, the relatively low response rate and severe adverse events hinder the clinical application of this promising treatment in LSCC. Therefore, it is of vital importance to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of LSCC as well as the inner connection among different signaling pathways, which will surely provide opportunities for more effective therapeutic interventions for LSCC. In this review, new insights were given about classical signaling pathways which have been proved in other cancer types but not in LSCC, including PI3K signaling pathway, VEGF/VEGFR signaling, and CDK4/6 pathway. Other signaling pathways which may have therapeutic potentials in LSCC were also discussed, including the FGFR1 pathway, EGFR pathway, and KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. Next, chromosome 3q, which harbors two key squamous differentiation markers SOX2 and TP63 is discussed as well as its related potential therapeutic targets. We also provided some progress of LSCC in epigenetic therapies and immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) therapies. Subsequently, we outlined some combination strategies of ICB therapies and other targeted therapies. Finally, prospects and challenges were given related to the exploration and application of novel therapeutic strategies for LSCC.
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10
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Jiang Y, Zeng Q, Jiang Q, Peng X, Gao J, Wan H, Wang L, Gao Y, Zhou X, Lin D, Feng H, Liang S, Zhou H, Ding J, Ai J, Huang R. 18F-FDG PET as an imaging biomarker for the response to FGFR-targeted therapy of cancer cells via FGFR-initiated mTOR/HK2 axis. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:6395-6408. [PMID: 36168616 PMCID: PMC9475468 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The overall clinical response to FGFR inhibitor (FGFRi) is far from satisfactory in cancer patients stratified by FGFR aberration, the current biomarker in clinical practice. A novel biomarker to evaluate the therapeutic response to FGFRi in a non-invasive and dynamic manner is thus greatly desired. Methods: Six FGFR-aberrant cancer cell lines were used, including four FGFRi-sensitive ones (NCI-H1581, NCI-H716, RT112 and Hep3B) and two FGFRi-resistant ones (primary for NCI-H2444 and acquired for NCI-H1581/AR). Cell viability and tumor xenograft growth analyses were performed to evaluate FGFRi sensitivities, accompanied by corresponding 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake assay. mTOR/PLCγ/MEK-ERK signaling blockade by specific inhibitors or siRNAs was applied to determine the regulation mechanism. Results: FGFR inhibition decreased the in vitro accumulation of 18F-FDG only in four FGFRi-sensitive cell lines, but in neither of FGFRi-resistant ones. We then demonstrated that FGFRi-induced transcriptional downregulation of hexokinase 2 (HK2), a key factor of glucose metabolism and FDG trapping, via mTOR pathway leading to this decrease. Moreover, 18F-FDG PET imaging successfully differentiated the FGFRi-sensitive tumor xenografts from primary or acquired resistant ones by the tumor 18F-FDG accumulation change upon FGFRi treatment. Of note, both 18F-FDG tumor accumulation and HK2 expression could respond the administration/withdrawal of FGFRi in NCI-H1581 xenografts correspondingly. Conclusion: The novel association between the molecular mechanism (FGFR/mTOR/HK2 axis) and radiological phenotype (18F-FDG PET uptake) of FGFR-targeted therapy was demonstrated in multiple preclinical models. The adoption of 18F-FDG PET biomarker-based imaging strategy to assess response/resistance to FGFR inhibition may benefit treatment selection for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.,Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinghe Zeng
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinghui Jiang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Wan
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Luting Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yinglei Gao
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongze Lin
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hanyi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.,Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Kitano S, Yamamoto T, Taketo MM. A novel parameter for cancer chemosensitivity to FGFR inhibitors. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4005-4010. [PMID: 35950366 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors (FGFRi) were introduced into clinical trials on several cancer types and found to be particularly efficacious on urothelial cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Although many enrolled patients responded well in clinical trials, there were some patients who did not respond to FGFRi despite that their tumors carried the genomic changes that met the enrollment criteria. As already established, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) share the downstream signaling pathway of MAPK activation. Accordingly, it is conceivable that targeted inhibition of FGFR alone may leave the MAPK signaling unaffected when the signaling through EGFR is relatively strong. To test this hypothesis, we calculated here the FGFR to EGFR mRNA ratio (F/E for short) of biliary-tract and urothelial cancer cell lines utilized in preclinical studies. In six biliary-tract cancer cell lines, two responsive lines had F/E of 9.5 and 9.0, whereas four nonresponsive lines had 0.1-1.8. In 22 urothelial cancer cell lines, four of the five responsive lines showed F/E of 2.8-4.9 (median, 3.6), whereas 17 nonresponsive lines had 0.01-2.7 (median, 0.6) (P = 0.004). We further investigated our 47 patient-derived colorectal cancer-stem cell (CRC-SC) spheroid lines. The 18 responsive lines showed relatively high F/E (median, 16.4), whereas 29 nonresponsive lines had low F/E (median, 9.2) (P = 0.0006). These results suggest that F/E is another strong predictor of responses to FGFRi that is as useful as the current genomic criteria based solely on the FGFR genomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kitano
- iACT-Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehito Yamamoto
- iACT-Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- iACT-Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Zingg D, Bhin J, Yemelyanenko J, Kas SM, Rolfs F, Lutz C, Lee JK, Klarenbeek S, Silverman IM, Annunziato S, Chan CS, Piersma SR, Eijkman T, Badoux M, Gogola E, Siteur B, Sprengers J, de Klein B, de Goeij-de Haas RR, Riedlinger GM, Ke H, Madison R, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Schut E, Henneman L, van Miltenburg MH, Proost N, Zhen H, Wientjens E, de Bruijn R, de Ruiter JR, Boon U, de Korte-Grimmerink R, van Gerwen B, Féliz L, Abou-Alfa GK, Ross JS, van de Ven M, Rottenberg S, Cuppen E, Chessex AV, Ali SM, Burn TC, Jimenez CR, Ganesan S, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Truncated FGFR2 is a clinically actionable oncogene in multiple cancers. Nature 2022; 608:609-617. [PMID: 35948633 PMCID: PMC9436779 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Somatic hotspot mutations and structural amplifications and fusions that affect fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (encoded by FGFR2) occur in multiple types of cancer1. However, clinical responses to FGFR inhibitors have remained variable1–9, emphasizing the need to better understand which FGFR2 alterations are oncogenic and therapeutically targetable. Here we apply transposon-based screening10,11 and tumour modelling in mice12,13, and find that the truncation of exon 18 (E18) of Fgfr2 is a potent driver mutation. Human oncogenomic datasets revealed a diverse set of FGFR2 alterations, including rearrangements, E1–E17 partial amplifications, and E18 nonsense and frameshift mutations, each causing the transcription of E18-truncated FGFR2 (FGFR2ΔE18). Functional in vitro and in vivo examination of a compendium of FGFR2ΔE18 and full-length variants pinpointed FGFR2-E18 truncation as single-driver alteration in cancer. By contrast, the oncogenic competence of FGFR2 full-length amplifications depended on a distinct landscape of cooperating driver genes. This suggests that genomic alterations that generate stable FGFR2ΔE18 variants are actionable therapeutic targets, which we confirmed in preclinical mouse and human tumour models, and in a clinical trial. We propose that cancers containing any FGFR2 variant with a truncated E18 should be considered for FGFR-targeted therapies. Truncation of exon 18 of FGFR2 (FGFR2ΔE18) is a potent driver mutation in mice and humans, and FGFR-targeted therapy should be considered for patients with cancer expressing stable FGFR2ΔE18 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zingg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Yemelyanenko
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors M Kas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Rolfs
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chang S Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Eijkman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon Badoux
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Sprengers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bim de Klein
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard R de Goeij-de Haas
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory M Riedlinger
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Department of Pathology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hua Ke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Proost
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen Wientjens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Boon
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bastiaan van Gerwen
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Féliz
- Incyte Biosciences International, Morges, Switzerland
| | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Upstate University Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Connie R Jimenez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Addeo A, Rothschild SI, Schneider M, Waibel C, Haefliger S, Mark M, Fernandez E, Mach N, Mauti L, Jermann PM, Alborelli I, Calgua B, Savic-Prince S, Joerger M, Früh M. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor rogaratinib in patients with advanced pretreated squamous-cell non-small cell lung cancer over-expressing FGFR mRNA: the SAKK 19/18 phase II study. Lung Cancer 2022; 172:154-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Zhang B, Zhang T, Jin L, Zhang Y, Wei Q. Treatment Strategy of Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Bone Marrow Involvement—A Case Report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877451. [PMID: 35747805 PMCID: PMC9209652 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow involvement (BMI) of solid tumors is a special type of distant metastasis. It has an occult onset, atypical clinical and laboratory features, and a high mortality. We present a nasopharyngeal carcinoma case with cervical and axillary lymph nodes, bilateral lung, multiple bone, and bone marrow metastases, who was treated chemotherapy plus targeted therapy under the guidance of a patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model, followed by maintenance chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. The patient’s symptoms were relieved after four cycles of chemotherapy plus targeted therapy. His bone marrow biopsy turned negative after 7 months of therapy. In addition, his total peripheral T cells as well as the proportion of CD8+ T cells increased during the course of therapy. The combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides an effective antitumor regimen for advanced NPC patients with BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qichun Wei,
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15
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Moes-Sosnowska J, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1-4 Genetic Aberrations as Clinically Relevant Biomarkers in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:780650. [PMID: 35402233 PMCID: PMC8991910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.780650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors (FGFRis) are a potential therapeutic option for squamous non-small cell lung cancer (Sq-NSCLC). Because appropriate patient selection is needed for targeted therapy, molecular profiling is key to discovering candidate biomarker(s). Multiple FGFR aberrations are present in Sq-NSCLC tumors-alterations (mutations and fusions), amplification and mRNA/protein overexpression-but their predictive potential is unclear. Although FGFR1 amplification reliability was unsatisfactory, FGFR mRNA overexpression, mutations, and fusions are promising. However, currently their discriminatory power is insufficient, and the available clinical data are from small groups of Sq-NSCLC patients. Here, we focus on FGFR aberrations as predictive biomarkers for FGFR-targeting agents in Sq-NSCLC. Known and suggested molecular determinants of FGFRi resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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The FGFR Family Inhibitor AZD4547 Exerts an Antitumor Effect in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910817. [PMID: 34639155 PMCID: PMC8509426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling has been implicated in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. The small-molecule AZD4547 is a potent inhibitor of FGF receptors. This study was performed to investigate the antitumor effects and determine the mechanistic details of AZD4547 in ovarian cancer cells. AZD4547 markedly inhibited the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. AZD4547 also suppressed the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells under nontoxic conditions. Furthermore, it attenuated the formation of spheroids and the self-renewal capacities of ovarian cancer stem cells and exerted an antiangiogenic effect. It also suppressed in vivo tumor growth in mice. Collectively, this study demonstrated the antitumor effect of AZD4547 in ovarian cancer cells and suggests that it is a promising agent for ovarian cancer therapy.
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17
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Yang Z, Liang S, Saliakoura M, Yang H, Vassella E, Konstantinidou G, Tschan M, Hegedüs B, Zhao L, Gao Y, Xu D, Deng H, Marti TM, Kocher GJ, Wang W, Schmid RA, Peng R. Synergistic effects of FGFR1 and PLK1 inhibitors target a metabolic liability in KRAS-mutant cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13193. [PMID: 34369083 PMCID: PMC8422071 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS oncoprotein is commonly mutated in human cancer, but effective therapies specifically targeting KRAS-driven tumors remain elusive. Here, we show that combined treatment with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors evoke synergistic cytotoxicity in KRAS-mutant tumor models in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological and genetic suppression of FGFR1 and PLK1 synergizes to enhance anti-proliferative effects and cell death in KRAS-mutant lung and pancreatic but not colon nor KRAS wild-type cancer cells. Mechanistically, co-targeting FGFR1 and PLK1 upregulates reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 pathway and E2F1-induced apoptosis. We further delineate that autophagy protects from PLK1/FGFR1 inhibitor cytotoxicity and that antagonizing the compensation mechanism by clinically approved chloroquine fully realizes the therapeutic potential of PLK1 and FGFR1 targeting therapy, producing potent and durable responses in KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenografts and a genetically engineered mouse model of Kras-induced lung adenocarcinoma. These results suggest a previously unappreciated role for FGFR1 and PLK1 in the surveillance of metabolic stress and demonstrate a synergistic drug combination for treating KRAS-mutant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Shun‐Qing Liang
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Haitang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Eric Vassella
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Mario Tschan
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Balazs Hegedüs
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Medicine Essen ‐ RuhrlandklinikUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Duo Xu
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Haibin Deng
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Thomas M Marti
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Gregor J Kocher
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- The Second Thoracic Surgery DepartmentHunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ren‐Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic SurgeryDepartment for BioMedical Research (DBMR)InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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18
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Bogatyrova O, Mattsson JSM, Ross EM, Sanderson MP, Backman M, Botling J, Brunnström H, Kurppa P, La Fleur L, Strell C, Wilm C, Zimmermann A, Esdar C, Micke P. FGFR1 overexpression in non-small cell lung cancer is mediated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and is a determinant of FGFR1 inhibitor response. Eur J Cancer 2021; 151:136-149. [PMID: 33984662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been considered as an actionable drug target. However, pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not demonstrate convincing clinical efficacy in FGFR1-amplified NSCLC patients. This study aimed to characterise the molecular context of FGFR1 expression and to define biomarkers predictive of FGFR1 inhibitor response. In this study, 635 NSCLC samples were characterised for FGFR1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and copy number gain (CNG) by in situ hybridisation (n = 298) or DNA microarray (n = 189). FGFR1 gene expression (n = 369) and immune cell profiles (n = 309) were also examined. Furthermore, gene expression, methylation and microRNA data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were compared. A panel of FGFR1-amplified NSCLC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were tested for response to the selective FGFR1 antagonist M6123. A minority of patients demonstrated FGFR1 CNG (10.5%) or increased FGFR1 mRNA (8.7%) and protein expression (4.4%). FGFR1 CNG correlated weakly with FGFR1 gene and protein expression. Tumours overexpressing FGFR1 protein were typically devoid of driver alterations (e.g. EGFR, KRAS) and showed reduced infiltration of T-lymphocytes and lower PD-L1 expression. Promoter methylation and microRNA were identified as regulators of FGFR1 expression in NSCLC and other cancers. Finally, NSCLC PDX models demonstrating FGFR1 amplification and FGFR1 protein overexpression were sensitive to M6123. The unique molecular and immune features of tumours with high FGFR1 expression provide a rationale to stratify patients in future clinical trials of FGFR1 pathway-targeting agents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bogatyrova
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology & Immuno-Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johanna S M Mattsson
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edith M Ross
- Translational Medicine, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael P Sanderson
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology & Immuno-Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Max Backman
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Botling
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Division of Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pinja Kurppa
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnéa La Fleur
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Strell
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Wilm
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology & Immuno-Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Astrid Zimmermann
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology & Immuno-Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Esdar
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology & Immuno-Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick Micke
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Insights of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 aberrations in pan-cancer and their roles in potential clinical treatment. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16541-16566. [PMID: 34160364 PMCID: PMC8266346 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) alters frequently across various cancer types and is a common therapeutic target in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) with FGFR3 variants. Although emerging evidence supports the role of FGFR3 in individual cancer types, no pan-cancer analysis is available. In this work, we used the open comprehensive datasets, covering a total of 10,953 patients with 10,967 samples across 32 TCGA cancer types, to identify the full alteration spectrum of FGFR3. FGFR3 abnormal expression, methylation patterns, alteration frequency, mutation location distribution, functional impact, and prognostic implications differed greatly from cancer to cancer. The overall alteration frequency of FGFR3 was relatively low in all cancers. Targetable mutations were mainly detected in BLCA, and S249C, Y373C, G370C, and R248C were hotspot mutations that could be targeted by an FDA approved erdafitinib. Genetic fusions were mainly observed in glioma, followed by BLCA. FGFR3-TACC3 was the most common fusion type which was proposed as novel therapeutic targets in glioma and was targetable with erdafitinib in BLCA. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) were two lung cancer subtypes, FGFR3 fusion and hotspot mutation like S249C were observed more commonly in LUSC but not in LUAD. DNA methylation was correlated with the expression of FGFR3 and its downstream genes in some tumors. FGFG3 abnormal expression and alterations exhibited clinical correlations with patient prognosis in several tumors. This work exhibited the full alteration spectrum of FGFR3 and indicated several new clues for their application as potential therapeutic targets and prognostic indicators.
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Yang Z, Liang SQ, Yang H, Xu D, Bruggmann R, Gao Y, Deng H, Berezowska S, Hall SRR, Marti TM, Kocher GJ, Zhou Q, Schmid RA, Peng RW. CRISPR-Mediated Kinome Editing Prioritizes a Synergistic Combination Therapy for FGFR1-Amplified Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3121-3133. [PMID: 33685992 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of the FGFR pathway is frequent in lung and other cancers. However, due to drug resistance, pharmacological blockage of aberrant FGFR signaling has provided little clinical benefit in patients with FGFR-amplified tumors. The determining factors for the limited efficacy of FGFR-targeted therapy remain incompletely understood. In this study, we performed kinome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer cells treated with an FGFR inhibitor. These screens identified PLK1 as a potent synthetic lethal target that mediates a resistance mechanism by overriding DNA damage and cell-cycle arrest upon FGFR1 inhibition. Genetic and pharmacological antagonism of PLK1 in combination with FGFR inhibitor therapy synergized to enhance antiproliferative effects and drove cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo through activation of the γH2AX-CHK-E2F1 axis. These findings suggest a previously unappreciated role for PLK1 in modulating FGFR1 inhibitor sensitivity and demonstrate a synergistic drug combination for treating FGFR1-amplified lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: The identification of PLK1 as a potent synthetic lethal target for FGFR-targeted therapy provides an innovative rationale for the treatment of lung and other FGFR1-amplified cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shun-Qing Liang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haitang Yang
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Duo Xu
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yanyun Gao
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haibin Deng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sean R R Hall
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Marti
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregor J Kocher
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ralph A Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ren-Wang Peng
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Pacini L, Jenks AD, Lima NC, Huang PH. Targeting the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Family in Lung Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1154. [PMID: 34068816 PMCID: PMC8151052 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Genetic alterations, such as amplifications, mutations and translocations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family have been found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) where they have a role in cancer initiation and progression. FGFR aberrations have also been identified as key compensatory bypass mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy against mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mutant Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) in lung cancer. Targeting FGFR is, therefore, of clinical relevance for this cancer type, and several selective and nonselective FGFR inhibitors have been developed in recent years. Despite promising preclinical data, clinical trials have largely shown low efficacy of these agents in lung cancer patients with FGFR alterations. Preclinical studies have highlighted the emergence of multiple intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which include on-target FGFR gatekeeper mutations and activation of bypass signalling pathways and alternative receptor tyrosine kinases. Here, we review the landscape of FGFR aberrations in lung cancer and the array of targeted therapies under clinical evaluation. We also discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to FGFR-targeting compounds and therapeutic strategies to circumvent resistance. Finally, we highlight our perspectives on the development of new biomarkers for stratification and prediction of FGFR inhibitor response to enable personalisation of treatment in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; (L.P.); (A.D.J.); (N.C.L.)
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Santorelli S, Fischer DP, Harte MK, Laru J, Marshall KM. In vivo effects of AZD4547, a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor, in a mouse model of endometriosis. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00759. [PMID: 33811484 PMCID: PMC8019068 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic disease, characterized by the growth of endometrial-like cells outside the uterine cavity. Due to its complex pathophysiology, a totally resolving cure is yet to be found. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of AZD4547, a novel fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor (FGFRI), with a well-characterized progestin, etonogestrel (ENG) using a validated in vivo mouse model of endometriosis. Endometriosis was induced by transplanting uterine fragments from donor mice in proestrus into the peritoneal cavity of recipient mice, which then developed into cyst-like lesions. AZD4547 and ENG were administered systemically either from the day of endometriosis induction or 2-weeks post-surgery. After 20 days of treatment, the lesions were harvested; their size and weight were measured and analyzed histologically or by qRT-PCR. Stage of estrous cycle was monitored throughout. Compared to vehicle, AZD4547 (25 mg/kg) was most effective in counteracting lesion growth when treating from day of surgery and 2 weeks after; ENG (0.8 mg/kg) was similarly effective in reducing lesion growth but only when administered from day of surgery. Each downregulated FGFR gene expression (p < 0.05). AZD4547 at all doses and ENG (0.008 mg/kg) caused no disturbance to the estrous cycle. ENG at 0.08 and 0.8 mg/kg was associated with partial or complete estrous cycle disruption and hyperemia of the uteri. AZD4547 and ENG both attenuated endometriotic lesion size, but only AZD4547 did not disrupt the estrous cycle, suggesting that targeting of FGFR is worthy of further investigation as a novel treatment for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santorelli
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah P Fischer
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael K Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johanna Laru
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Kay M Marshall
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Yuan Z, Huo X, Jiang D, Yu M, Cao D, Wu H, Shen K, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Wang Y. Clinical Characteristics and Mutation Analyses of Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors. Oncologist 2020; 25:e1396-e1405. [PMID: 32557933 PMCID: PMC7485360 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies on Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) and no data in the population of Chinese patients with SLCTs from the genetic level. In addition, previous studies on SLCTs have focused exclusively on mutations in the DICER1 gene and no data exists on the genetic landscape of SLCTs. METHODS Patients with moderately or poorly differentiated SLCTs who underwent surgical resection between January 2012 and October 2018 in our institution were recruited. Whole exome sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue and peripheral blood or normal tissue samples. RESULTS Seventeen patients were recruited with 19 tumor samples. The rate of tumor-associated germline mutations was 6 of 17 (35.3%), and that of DICER1 germline mutations was 4 of 17 (23.5%). Regarding clinical relapse, patients with germline tumor-associated mutations had significantly poorer prognosis than those without (p = .007), and those with germline DICER1 mutations were relatively more likely to exhibit clinical relapse, although not to a significant degree (p = .069). Regarding somatic mutations, firstly, the subclone evolution analysis demonstrated that the two tumors on the contralateral ovary were primary tumors, respectively. Secondly, somatic mutations were most commonly found in CDC27 (10/19, 52.6%), DICER1 (4/19, 21.1%), and MUC22 (4/19, 21.1%). And the analysis of cancer cell fractions showed that DICER1 mutations were correlated with tumorigenesis of SLCTs. The rates of germline and somatic DICER1 mutations were higher in patients who were younger than 18 years than those in older patients (p = .022 and p = .001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that genetic testing may have important clinical significance for patients with SLCTs, particularly for younger patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Bilateral ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors were verified to be primary tumors from the genetic perspective. The rates of germline and somatic DICER1 mutations were 4 of 17 (23.5%) and 4 of 19 (21.1%), respectively. The rates of germline and somatic DICER1 mutations were higher in patients who were younger than 18 years than those in older patients (p = .022 and p = .001, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Huo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Jiang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Berry Oncology CorporationBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huimei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Mansour H, Ouhajjou A, Bajic VB, Incitti R. Next-Generation Sequencing at High Sequencing Depth as a Tool to Study the Evolution of Metastasis Driven by Genetic Change Events of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1215. [PMID: 32903616 PMCID: PMC7438761 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to report tumoral genetic mutations observed at high sequencing depth in a lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) sample. We describe the findings and differences in genetic mutations that were studied by deep next-generation sequencing methods on the primary tumor and liver metastasis samples. In this report, we also discuss how these differences may be involved in determining the tumor progression leading to the metastasis stage. Methods: We followed one lung SqCC patient who underwent FDG-PET scan imaging, before and after three months of treatment. We sequenced 26 well-known cancer-related genes, at an average of ~6,000 × sequencing coverage, in two spatially distinct regions, one from a primary lung tumor metastasis and the other from a distal liver metastasis, which was present before the treatment. Results: A total of 3,922,196 read pairs were obtained across all two samples' sequenced locations. Merged mapped reads showed several variants, from which we selected 36 with high confidence call. While we found 83% of genetic concordance between the distal metastasis and primary tumor, six variants presented substantial discordance. In the liver metastasis sample, we observed three de novo genetic changes, two on the FGFR3 gene and one on the CDKN2A gene, and the frequency of one variant found on the FGFR2 gene has been increased. Two genetic variants in the HRAS gene, which were present initially in the primary tumor, have been completely lost in the liver tumor. The discordant variants have coding consequences as follows: FGFR3 (c.746C>G, p. Ser249Cys), CDKN2A (c.47_50delTGGC, p. Leu16Profs*9), and HRAS (c.182A>C, p. Gln61Pro). The pathogenicity prediction scores for the acquired variants, assessed using several databases, reported these variants as pathogenic, with a gain of function for FGFR3 and a loss of function for CDKN2A. The patient follow-up using imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT before and after four cycles of treatment shows discordant tumor progression in metastatic liver compared to primary lung tumor. Conclusions: Our results report the occurrence of several genetic changes between primary tumor and distant liver metastasis in lung SqCC, among which non-silent mutations may be associated with tumor evolution during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Mansour
- GES-LCM2E, FPN, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | | | - Vladimir B Bajic
- CBRC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Incitti
- CBRC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Yamamoto T, Miyoshi H, Kakizaki F, Maekawa H, Yamaura T, Morimoto T, Katayama T, Kawada K, Sakai Y, Taketo MM. Chemosensitivity of Patient-Derived Cancer Stem Cells Identifies Colorectal Cancer Patients with Potential Benefit from FGFR Inhibitor Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082010. [PMID: 32708005 PMCID: PMC7465102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some colorectal cancer patients harboring FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) genetic alterations, such as copy number gain, mutation, and/or mRNA overexpression, were selected for enrollment in several recent clinical trials of FGFR inhibitor, because these genetic alterations were preclinically reported to be associated with FGFR inhibitor sensitivity as well as poor prognosis, invasiveness, and/or metastatic potential. However, few enrolled patients were responsive to FGFR inhibitors. Thus, practical strategies are eagerly awaited that can stratify patients for the subset that potentially responds to FGFR inhibitor chemotherapy. In the present study, we evaluated the sensitivity to FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib on 25 patient-derived tumor-initiating cell (TIC) spheroid lines carrying wild-type RAS and RAF genes, both in vitro and in vivo. Then, we assessed possible correlations between the sensitivity and the genetic/genomic data of the spheroid lines tested. Upon their exposure to erdafitinib, seven lines (7/25, 28%) responded significantly. Normal colonic epithelial stem cells were unaffected by the inhibitors. Moreover, the combination of erdafitinib with EGFR inhibitor erlotinib showed stronger growth inhibition than either drug alone, as efficacy was observed in 21 lines (84%) including 14 (56%) that were insensitive to erdafitinib alone. The in vitro erdafitinib response was accurately reflected on mouse xenografts of TIC spheroid lines. However, we found little correlation between their genetic/genomic alterations of TIC spheroids and the sensitivity to the FGFR inhibitor. Accordingly, we propose that direct testing of the patient-derived spheroids in vitro is one of the most reliable personalized methods in FGFR-inhibitor therapy of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Yamamoto
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kakizaki
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tadayoshi Yamaura
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tomonori Morimoto
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Toshiro Katayama
- Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan;
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Departments of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - M. Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.M.); (F.K.); (H.M.); (T.Y.); (T.M.)
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Office of Society-Academia Collaboration for Innovation, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-753-4391
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Chae YK, Hong F, Vaklavas C, Cheng HH, Hammerman P, Mitchell EP, Zwiebel JA, Ivy SP, Gray RJ, Li S, McShane LM, Rubinstein LV, Patton D, Williams PM, Hamilton SR, Mansfield A, Conley BA, Arteaga CL, Harris LN, O'Dwyer PJ, Chen AP, Flaherty KT. Phase II Study of AZD4547 in Patients With Tumors Harboring Aberrations in the FGFR Pathway: Results From the NCI-MATCH Trial (EAY131) Subprotocol W. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:2407-2417. [PMID: 32463741 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE NCI-MATCH is a nationwide, histology-agnostic, signal-finding, molecular profile-driven trial for patients with refractory cancers, lymphomas, or myelomas. Patients with tumors harboring actionable aberration(s) in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1-3 were treated with AZD4547, an oral FGFR1-3 inhibitor. METHODS Patients' tumors were screened by next-generation sequencing for predefined FGFR amplification, activating mutations, or fusions. Patients were treated with AZD4547, 80 mg orally twice daily until progression of disease or drug intolerance. A response rate of 16% was considered promising. RESULTS Between July 2016 and June 2017, 70 patients were assigned and 48 received protocol therapy and are eligible for analysis. Patients' tumors harbored FGFR1 or FGFR2 amplification (n = 20), FGFR2 or FGFR3 single-nucleotide variants (n = 19), or FGFR1 or FGFR3 fusions (n = 9). The most common primary tumors were breast (33.3%), urothelial (12.5%), and cervical cancer (10.4%).Grade 3 adverse events were consistent with those described in previous clinical trials. Confirmed partial responses were seen in 8% (90% CI, 3% to 18%) and were observed only in patients whose tumors harbored FGFR1-3 point mutations or fusions. Stable disease was observed in 37.5% (90% CI, 25.8% to 50.4%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.4 months, and the 6-month PFS rate was 15% (90% CI, 8% to 31%). For patients with tumors harboring FGFR fusions, the response rate was 22% (90% CI, 4.1% to 55%), and 6-month PFS rate was 56% (90% CI, 31% to 100%). CONCLUSION Preliminary signals of activity appeared to be limited to cancers harboring FGFR activating mutations and fusions, although AZD4547 did not meet the primary end point. Different FGFR somatic alterations may confer different levels of signaling potency and/or oncogene dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fangxin Hong
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute-ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Christos Vaklavas
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Huntsman Cancer Institute of the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | - James A Zwiebel
- Investigational Drug Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Percy Ivy
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert J Gray
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute-ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shuli Li
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute-ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa M McShane
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Larry V Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David Patton
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Barbara A Conley
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Lyndsay N Harris
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Alice P Chen
- Investigational Drug Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Mechanisms of Efficacy of the FGFR1–3 Inhibitor AZD4547 in Pediatric Solid Tumor Models. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1677-1686. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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SenthilKumar G, Fisher MM, Skiba JH, Miller MC, Brennan SR, Kaushik S, Bradley ST, Longhurst CA, Buehler D, Nickel KP, Iyer G, Kimple RJ, Baschnagel AM. FGFR Inhibition Enhances Sensitivity to Radiation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1255-1265. [PMID: 32371583 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
FGFRs are commonly altered in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). FGFRs activate multiple pathways including RAS/RAF/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and STAT, which may play a role in the cellular response to radiation. We investigated the effects of combining the selective FGFR 1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor AZD4547 with radiation in cell line and xenograft models of NSCLC. NSCLC cell lines were assessed with proliferation, clonogenic survival, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle, and DNA damage signaling and repair assays. In vivo xenografts and IHC were used to confirm in vitro results. NSCLC cell lines demonstrated varying degrees of FGFR protein and mRNA expression. In vitro clonogenic survival assays showed radiosensitization with AZD4547 in two NSCLC cell lines. In these two cell lines, an increase in apoptosis and autophagy was observed with combined radiation and AZD4547. The addition of AZD4547 to radiation did not significantly affect γH2AX foci formation. Enhanced xenograft tumor growth delay was observed with the combination of radiation and AZD4547 compared with radiation or drug alone. IHC results revealed inhibition of pMAPK and pS6 and demonstrated an increase in apoptosis in the radiation plus AZD4547 group. This study demonstrates that FGFR inhibition by AZD4547 enhances the response of radiation in FGFR-expressing NSCLC in vitro and in vivo model systems. These results support further investigation of combining FGFR inhibition with radiation as a clinical therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael M Fisher
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Justin H Skiba
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Margot C Miller
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean R Brennan
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Saakshi Kaushik
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Samantha T Bradley
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Colin A Longhurst
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Darya Buehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kwangok P Nickel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gopal Iyer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Andrew M Baschnagel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Yu T, Xia Q, Gong T, Wang J, Zhong D. Molecular mechanism of acquired drug resistance in the EGFR-TKI resistant cell line HCC827-TR. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:1129-1138. [PMID: 32163227 PMCID: PMC7180561 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first‐line standard treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation is EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, most patients will develop acquired resistance after 9–13 months. This study investigated novel molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKIs to identify a potential new treatment for EGFR‐TKI resistant NSCLC patients. Methods We established an EGFR‐TKI resistant cell line (HCC827‐TR) by culturing the HCC827‐P cell line through continuous erlotinib culture. We used Sanger sequencing, RT‐PCR, and western blot to rule out known resistance mechanisms in HCC827‐TR cells, including EGFR‐T790M and MET, PTEN, or EGFR expression changes. Next‐generation sequencing was performed and identified differentially expressed genes between two cell lines and examined the genes with GO and KEGG pathway database analyses. We also examined the molecular alterations in COSMIC and GDSC databases and performed hazard predictions using SIFT, PolyPhen‐2, Mutation Taster, and CADD. Results Our results identified FGF2 as a differentially expressed gene with a G101T point mutation in HCC827‐TR cells that showed high mutation frequency and hazard score. HCC827‐TR cells showed elevated FGF2 compared to parental cells. It is noteworthy that treatment with the FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 could restore the sensitivity of HCC872‐TR cells to erlotinib. Conclusions An erlotinib‐resistant cell line HCC827‐TR was successfully constructed and we identified the EGFR‐TKI resistance mechanism involving the FGF2 gene mutation. Targeted inhibition of the FGF2/FGFR signaling pathway may effectively restore the sensitivity of the resistant cells to erlotinib. These results suggest a novel treatment strategy for EGFR‐TKI resistant NSCLC patients. Key points Significant findings of the study: Identifies a novel molecular mechanism for EGFR‐TKI acquired resistance. What this study adds: A potential novel strategy for the treatment of EGFR‐TKI resistant NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Xia
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - DianSheng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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FGFR1 and FGFR4 oncogenicity depends on n-cadherin and their co-expression may predict FGFR-targeted therapy efficacy. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102683. [PMID: 32114392 PMCID: PMC7047190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1 and FGFR4 have been associated with tumorigenesis in a variety of tumour types. As a therapeutic approach, their inhibition has been attempted in different types of malignancies, including lung cancer, and was initially focused on FGFR1-amplified tumours, though with limited success. METHODS In vitro and in vivo functional assessments of the oncogenic potential of downregulated/overexpressed genes in isogenic cell lines were performed, as well as inhibitor efficacy tests in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). mRNA was extracted from FFPE non-small cell lung cancer samples to determine the prognostic potential of the genes under study. FINDINGS We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that expression of the adhesion molecule N-cadherin is key for the oncogenic role of FGFR1/4 in non-small cell lung cancer. According to this, assessment of the expression of genes in different lung cancer patient cohorts showed that FGFR1 or FGFR4 expression alone showed no prognostic potential, and that only co-expression of FGFR1 and/or FGFR4 with N-cadherin inferred a poorer outcome. Treatment of high-FGFR1 and/or FGFR4-expressing lung cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts with selective FGFR inhibitors showed high efficacy, but only in models with high FGFR1/4 and N-cadherin expression. INTERPRETATION Our data show that the determination of the expression of FGFR1 or FGFR4 alone is not sufficient to predict anti-FGFR therapy efficacy; complementary determination of N-cadherin expression may further optimise patient selection for this therapeutic strategy.
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31
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The discovery of potent and stable short peptide FGFR1 antagonist for cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 143:105179. [PMID: 31841696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is one of the attractive pharmaceutical targets for cancer therapy. The FGFR1 targeting antagonist peptides, especially of the short peptides harbouring only coding amino acid might highlights promising aspects for their higher affinity, specificity and lower adverse reactions. However, most of peptides inhibitors remain in preclinical research, likely associating with their instability and short half-life. In this study, we found a stable short peptide inhibitor P48 and speculated that its stability might be related to its non-linear spatial structure. In addition, P48 could target the extracellular immunoglobulin domain of FGFR1, and effectively block the particular signaling pathways of FGFR1, which lead to the inhibition of cancer proliferation, invasion in vitro and restraint of tumor growth in vivo. Together, this study provided a promising FGFR1 inhibitor with the potential to be developed as an antitumor drug.
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32
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Wang D, Yang L, Yu W, Zhang Y. Investigational fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 antagonists in early phase clinical trials to treat solid tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:903-916. [PMID: 31560229 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1672655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR2 dysregulation occurs in numerous human solid tumors and overexpression is closely associated with tumor progression. FGFR2 has recently been reported as a therapeutic target for cancer. Several targeted therapies are being investigated to disrupt FGFR2 activity; these include multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), pan-FGFR targeted TKIs and FGFR2 monoclonal antibodies. Areas: This review examines FGFR2 regulation and function in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer treatment. Expert opinion: Highly specific FGFR2 blockers have not yet been developed and moreover, resistance to FGFR2-targeted therapies is a challenge. More sophisticated patient selection strategies would help improve FGFR2-targeted therapies and combination therapy is considered the most promising approach for cancer patients with FGFR2 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
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33
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Song C, Li F, Wang S, Wang J, Wei W, Ma G. Recent Advances in Particulate Adjuvants for Cancer Vaccination. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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34
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Vastrad C, Vastrad B. Investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms of non-small cell lung cancer using bioinformatics analysis. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Friedlaender A, Banna G, Malapelle U, Pisapia P, Addeo A. Next Generation Sequencing and Genetic Alterations in Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma: Where Are We Today? Front Oncol 2019; 9:166. [PMID: 30941314 PMCID: PMC6433884 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and will affect ~6% of the population. It is divided into two broad categories, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the latter representing 85% of all lung cancers. It mainly comprises adenocarcinoma (65%) and squamous cell carcinoma (30%) histologies. In recent years, there have been two major therapeutic advances in NSCLC. The first, immunotherapy, has greatly improved the prognosis of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. The second, the treatment of targetable driver mutations, has so far only benefited adenocarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinoma carries a high rate of mutations and is found mostly among smokers. This raises two important problems: identifying driver mutations and finding those of clinical relevance. Large-scale genomic analyses such as The Cancer Genome Atlas have allowed for the identification of frequent gene alterations, although their role and potential for targeted therapy remain unknown. The emergence of next generation sequencing has changed the landscape of precision medicine, in particular in lung cancer. In this review, we discuss the landscape of genetic alterations found in squamous cell lung cancer, the results of current targeted therapy trials, the difficulties in identifying and treating these alterations and how to integrate modern tools in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Friedlaender
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Banna
- Oncology Department, Ospedale Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Ahn J, Moyers J, Wong J, Hsueh CT. Thyroid dysfunction from inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor. Exp Hematol Oncol 2019; 8:6. [PMID: 30820365 PMCID: PMC6379924 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-019-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid dysfunction has not been previously reported in clinical trials of selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors including AZD4547. Herein, we report a case of worsening hypothyroidism in a patient with advanced urothelial cancer treated with AZD4547. Case presentation An 80-year-old Caucasian female with metastatic urothelial carcinoma failed first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin and second-line treatment with atezolizumab, an inhibitor of programmed cell death ligand 1. She developed hypothyroidism at completion of atezolizumab treatment and responded to levothyroxine. Subsequently she was enrolled to a phase II study and received AZD4547 due to an actionable mutation at FGFR3 found in tumor biopsy. Two months later, she experienced recurrent hypothyroidism symptoms, and was hospitalized twice for small bowel obstruction. Her thyroid stimulating hormone level was significantly increased to 2957 uIU/mL (reference range 0.8-7.7 uIU/mL). Her levothyroxine dose was increased accordingly. Her thyroid function returned to normal 1 month afterwards, and small bowel obstruction did not recur. Conclusion Further reports and studies will be needed to confirm the relationship between AZD4547 and hypothyroidism. Based on this observation and possible mechanisms for thyroid dysfunction discussed in this paper, routine thyroid function monitoring in patients receiving FGFR inhibitor should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Ahn
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Justin Moyers
- 2Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, CSP 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - John Wong
- 2Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, CSP 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
| | - Chung-Tsen Hsueh
- 2Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, CSP 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
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37
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Paik PK, Pillai RN, Lathan CS, Velasco SA, Papadimitrakopoulou V. New Treatment Options in Advanced Squamous Cell Lung Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019; 39:e198-e206. [PMID: 31099625 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_237829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed a rapid shift in the treatments for patients with squamous cell lung cancers (SQCLCs) after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of a number of immune checkpoint inhibitors as second-line therapies for patients with non-small cell lung cancers. These series of approvals marked the first substantial improvement in overall survival for patients with SQCLC in over a decade. Further gains have been made more recently with the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibition in the first-line setting, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. These advances have, however, exposed existing deficiencies in the management of this disease. Despite a deeper understanding of the genomic alterations that characterize SQCLCs and years of trial work targeting these alterations, personalized therapies remain out of hand. Future studies will continue to focus on identifying targeted approaches to expand the treatment options for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Paik
- 1 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- 2 Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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38
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Guan Z, Lan H, Sun D, Wang X, Jin K. A potential novel therapy for FGFR1-amplified pancreatic cancer with bone metastasis, screened by next-generation sequencing and a patient-derived xenograft model. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2303-2307. [PMID: 30719110 PMCID: PMC6350188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies are limited for pancreatic cancer, particularly for those with distant tumour metastases. Therefore, more individualised drug screening is urgently required. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool to investigate the genomic landscape of patients and the mechanism of drug response, which may provide a broader vision for potential clinical drug screening. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models may have a significant advantage in predicting clinical treatment response. In our previous study, a PDX of pancreatic cancer bone metastasis was established, and NGS was conducted to investigate the molecular information. In the present study, these data were further analysed and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification was identified in a panel of 416 cancer-associated genes. Thus, AZD4547, an inhibitor against FGFR, was selected as a potential therapy, and was evaluated using the PDX model. AZD4547 was shown to exhibit antitumor activity by reducing the expression of FGFR1 and its targets. The present study also demonstrated the high potential of the novel NGS/PDX-based drug screening platform to improve individualised cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Sun
- Zhejiang Center of Medical Academic Exchange, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xuanwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
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Farrell B, Breeze AL. Structure, activation and dysregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor kinases: perspectives for clinical targeting. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1753-1770. [PMID: 30545934 PMCID: PMC6299260 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase family of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play crucial roles in embryonic development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis and wound repair via stimulation of intracellular signalling cascades. As a consequence of FGFRs' influence on cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, FGFR signalling is frequently dysregulated in a host of human cancers, variously by means of overexpression, somatic point mutations and gene fusion events. Dysregulation of FGFRs is also the underlying cause of many developmental dysplasias such as hypochondroplasia and achondroplasia. Accordingly, FGFRs are attractive pharmaceutical targets, and multiple clinical trials are in progress for the treatment of various FGFR aberrations. To effectively target dysregulated receptors, a structural and mechanistic understanding of FGFR activation and regulation is required. Here, we review some of the key research findings from the last couple of decades and summarise the strategies being explored for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Farrell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Alexander L Breeze
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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40
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Wang X, Ai J, Liu H, Peng X, Chen H, Chen Y, Su Y, Shen A, Huang X, Ding J, Geng M. The Secretome Engages STAT3 to Favor a Cytokine-rich Microenvironment in Mediating Acquired Resistance to FGFR Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:667-679. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Kostas M, Lampart A, Bober J, Wiedlocha A, Tomala J, Krowarsch D, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Translocation of Exogenous FGF1 and FGF2 Protects the Cell against Apoptosis Independently of Receptor Activation. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4087-4101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Kato N, Iwase A, Ishida C, Nagai T, Mori M, Bayasula, Nakamura T, Osuka S, Ganiyeva U, Qin Y, Miki R, Kikkawa F. Upregulation of Fibroblast Growth Factors Caused by Heart and Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed 2 Suppression in Endometriotic Cells: A Possible Therapeutic Target in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:979-987. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719118802053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several features exist that distinguish endometriotic cells from eutopic endometrial cells. Progesterone resistance is one of the main distinguishing features, although how progesterone resistance affects the phenotype of endometriotic cells is not fully elucidated. Heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 (HAND2) is a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in maintaining endometrial function in a progesterone-dependent manner. Therefore, we explored whether progesterone-dependent HAND2 is implicated in the progression of endometriosis. HAND2 was less expressed by endometriotic tissues compared to endometrial tissues. Suppression of HAND2 expression induced fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), FGF2, and FGF9 in endometriotic stromal cells and consequently enhanced migration and invasion capacity. AZD4547, a FGF receptor inhibitor, diminished the migration and invasion of endometriotic cells in vitro. In the murine model of endometriosis, AZD4547 showed suppressive effects on the development of endometriotic lesions at a relatively low concentration. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FGF1, FGF2, and FGF9 are downstream effectors of HAND2 in endometriotic cells. Since HAND2-dependent FGFs play roles in enhancing invasive capacity of endometriotic cells, our results suggest that FGF receptor inhibitors, such as AZD4547, can be promising therapeutic targets for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mori
- Aichi Cancer Center, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bayasula
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Maternal and Perinatal Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Umida Ganiyeva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rika Miki
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ng TL, Yu H, Smith DE, Boyle TA, York ER, Leedy S, Gao D, Aisner DL, Van Bokhoven A, Heasley LE, Hirsch FR, Camidge DR. Preselection of Lung Cancer Cases Using FGFR1 mRNA and Gene Copy Number for Treatment With Ponatinib. Clin Lung Cancer 2018; 20:e39-e51. [PMID: 30297175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinically, high epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) messenger RNA (FGFR1-MRNA) and FGFR1 amplification (FGFR1-AMP) predicted sensitivity to fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer and small-cell lung cancer cell lines. KRAS mutations did not preclude sensitivity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Metastatic EGFR- and ALK-negative lung cancers were screened for FGFR1-MRNA by in-situ hybridization (ISH) and FGFR1-AMP by silver in-situ hybridization (SISH). Patients with positive findings were offered ponatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor of FGFR1-4. Differences in overall survival (OS) between cohorts were assessed by the log-rank test. Association of FGFR1 positivity with clinicopathologic features were assessed by Fisher exact test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. RESULTS A total of 171 cases were prescreened: 9 (7.3%) of 123 SISH+; 53 (42.1%) of 126 ISH+; and 6 cases concordantly positive for SISH and ISH. SISH+ cases had fewer coincident KRAS mutations (P = .03) than SISH- cases, and ISH+ cases had worse OS (P = .020) than ISH- cases. Data distributions suggested a distinct higher positivity cut point for FGFR1 ISH (≥ 20%), occurring in 29 (23%) of 126 cases, was associated with small-cell lung cancer histology (P = .022), soft tissue metastases (P = .050) and shorter OS (P = .031). Four patients received ponatinib on study: All ISH+ by the initial cut point, 2 of 4 by higher cut point, 1 of 4 SISH+. Tolerability was poor. The best response for the 2 higher ISH cases was stable disease and progressive disease for the 2 lower ISH cases. CONCLUSION Elevated FGFR1-MRNA is more common than FGFR1-AMP and associated with worse OS. Higher FGFR1 mRNA expression may be associated with a specific phenotype and is worthy of further exploration. Ponatinib's poor tolerance suggests further fibroblast growth factor receptor exploration in ISH+ cases should utilize more selective FGFR1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
| | - Hui Yu
- Hirsch Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Derek E Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Hirsch Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Emily R York
- Thoracic Oncology Clinical Trials Office, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Scott Leedy
- Thoracic Oncology Clinical Trials Office, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Dara L Aisner
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Adrie Van Bokhoven
- Biorepository Core Facility, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Hirsch Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO
| | - D Ross Camidge
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
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Abstract
Unlike for adenocarcinomas of the lung, no molecular targeted therapies have yet been developed for squamous cell lung cancers, because targetable oncogenic aberrations are scarce in this tumor type. Recent discoveries have established that the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in cancer development by supporting tumor angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation via different mechanisms. Through comprehensive genomic studies, aberrations in the FGF pathway have been identified in various tumor types, including squamous cell lung cancer, making FGF receptor (FGFR) a potentially druggable target in this malignancy. Several multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors include FGFR in their target spectrum and a number of these compounds have been approved for clinical use in different cancers. Novel agents selectively targeting FGFRs have been developed and are currently under investigation in clinical trials, showing promising results. This article reviews FGFR aberrations and the clinical data involving selective and multikinase FGFR inhibitors in squamous cell lung cancer.
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Deep analysis of acquired resistance to FGFR1 inhibitor identifies MET and AKT activation and an expansion of AKT1 mutant cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31549-31558. [PMID: 30140389 PMCID: PMC6101141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of acquired resistance (AR) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of FGFR1 activation is currently not well understood. To gain a deeper insight into this matter in lung cancer, we used the FGFR1-amplified DMS114 cell line and generated multiple clones with AR to an FGFR1-TKI. We molecularly scrutinized the resistant cells, using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and global DNA methylation analysis. Our results show a de novo activation of AKT and ERK, and a reactivation of mTOR. Furthermore, the resistant cells exhibited strong upregulation and activation of MET, indicating crosstalk between the FGFR1 and MET axes. The resistant cells also underwent a global decrease in promoter hypermethylation of the CpG islands. Finally, we observed clonal expansion of a pre-existing change in AKT1, leading to S266L substitution, within the kinase domain of AKT. Our results demonstrate that AR to FGFR1-TKI involves deep molecular changes that promote the activation of MET and AKT, coupled with common gene expression and DNA methylation profiles. The expansion of a substitution at AKT1 was the only shared genetic change, and this may have contributed to the AR.
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Huang B, Zhong N, Cao H, Yu G. A curated target gene pool assisting disease prediction and patient-specific biomarker selection for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5140-5146. [PMID: 30197682 PMCID: PMC6126348 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been hundreds of genes demonstrated to be associated with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), presenting various degrees of association with this disease. In the present study, gene vectors were investigated as genetic biomarkers for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of LSCC. A LSCC genetic database (LSCC_GD) was developed through literature-associated data analysis, where 260 LSCC target genes were curated. Subsequently, numerous associations between these genes and LSCC were studied. Following this, a sparse representation-based variable selection (SRVS) was employed for gene selection from two LSCC gene expression datasets, followed by a case/control classification. Results were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA)-based gene selection approaches. Using SRVS, a gene vector was selected from each dataset, resulting in significantly higher classification accuracy (CR), compared with randomly selected genes (For datasets GSE18842 and GSE1987, CR=100 and 100% and permutation P=5.0×10−4 and 1.8×10−3, respectively). The SRVS method outperformed ANOVA in terms of the classification ratio. The results indicated that, for a given dataset, there may be a gene vector from the 260 curated LSCC genes that possesses significant prediction power. SRVS is effective in identifying the optimum gene subset target for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- Department of Genomics Research, R&D Solutions, Elsevier Inc., Rockville, MD 20852, USA.,Unit on Statistical Genomics, National Institute of Mental Health/National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guiping Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
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Ghedini GC, Ronca R, Presta M, Giacomini A. Future applications of FGF/FGFR inhibitors in cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:861-872. [PMID: 29936878 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1491795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deregulation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) network occurs frequently in tumors due to gene amplification, activating mutations, and oncogenic fusions. Thus, the development of FGF/FGFR-targeting therapies is the focus of several basic, preclinical, and clinical studies. Areas covered: This review will recapitulate the status of current FGF/FGFR-targeted drugs. Expert commentary: Non-selective FGF/FGFR inhibitors have been approved for cancer treatment but evidence highlights various complications affecting their use in the clinical practice. It appears mandatory to identify FGF/FGFR alterations and appropriate biomarkers that may predict and monitor response to treatment, to establish the contribution of the FGF/FGFR system to the onset of mechanisms of drug resistance, and to develop effective combinations of FGF/FGFR inhibitors with other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Cristina Ghedini
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- a Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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Lu T, Li Z, Yang Y, Ji W, Yu Y, Niu X, Zeng Q, Xia W, Lu S. The Hippo/YAP1 pathway interacts with FGFR1 signaling to maintain stemness in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 423:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2 axis promotes cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:5340-5354. [PMID: 29858603 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process for cancer metastasis, drug resistance, and cancer stem cells. Activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) was found to promote EMT and metastasis in prostate and breast cancers, but the effects and mechanisms in lung cancer was unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore whether and how activation of FGFR1 promotes EMT and metastasis in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer. We show that activation of FGFR1 by its ligand fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) promoted proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer cell lines H1581 and DMS114, whereas inhibition of FGFR1 suppressed these processes. FGFR1 activation upregulated expression of Sry-related HMG box 2 (SOX2) by downstream phosphorylated ERK1/2; moreover, the upregulation of SOX2 by autophosphorylation variant ERK2_R67S plasmid transfection was not suppressed by FGFR1 inhibitor AZD4547 or MEK/ERK inhibitor AZD6244 in vitro. And SOX2 expression was also significantly upregulated in ERK2_R67S lentivirus-transfected stable cell lines in vivo. Overexpression of SOX2 promoted cell proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion. Importantly, activation of FGFR1 could not promote these processes in SOX2-silenced stable cell lines. In orthotopic and subcutaneous lung cancer xenograft models, inhibition of FGFR1 suppressed tumor growth, SOX2 expression, EMT, and metastasis in vivo; however, these processes caused by SOX2-overexpressing stable cell lines were not suppressed by FGFR1 inhibition. Higher expression of FGFR1 and SOX2 were positively correlated, and both were associated with shorter survival in lung cancer patients. In conclusion, our findings reveal that activation of FGFR1 promotes cell proliferation, EMT, and metastasis by the newly defined FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2 axis in FGFR1-amplified lung cancer.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel 2-benzamide-4-(6-oxy-N-methyl-1-naphthamide)-pyridine derivatives as potent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:9-28. [PMID: 29775937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Starting from the phase II clinical FGFR inhibitor lucitanib (2), we conducted a medicinal chemistry approach by opening the central quinoline skeleton coupled with a scaffold hopping process thus leading to a series of novel 2-benzamide-4-(6-oxy-N-methyl-1-naphthamide)-pyridine derivatives. Compound 25a was identified to show selective and equally high potency against FGFR1/2 and VEGFR2 with IC50 values less than 5.0 nM. Significant antiproliferative effects on both FGFR1/2 and VEGFR2 aberrant cancer cells were observed. In the SNU-16 xenograft model, compound 25a showed tumor growth inhibition rates of 25.0% and 81.0% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively, with 5% and 10%body weight loss. In view of the synergistic potential of FGFs and VEGFs in tumor angiogenesis observed in preclinical studies, the FGFR/VEGFR2 dual inhibitor 25a may achieve better clinical benefits.
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