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Vijay Kumar MJ, Morales R, Tsvetkov AS. G-quadruplexes and associated proteins in aging and Alzheimer's disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1164057. [PMID: 37323535 PMCID: PMC10267416 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1164057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms, accounting for most of the reported dementia cases. This disease is now becoming a major challenge and burden on modern society, especially with the aging population. Over the last few decades, a significant understanding of the pathophysiology of AD has been gained by studying amyloid deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and neuroinflammation. This review focuses on the role of non-canonical secondary structures of DNA/RNA G-quadruplexes (G4s, G4-DNA, and G4-RNA), G4-binding proteins (G4BPs), and helicases, and their roles in aging and AD. Being critically important for cellular function, G4s are involved in the regulation of DNA and RNA processes, such as replication, transcription, translation, RNA localization, and degradation. Recent studies have also highlighted G4-DNA's roles in inducing DNA double-strand breaks that cause genomic instability and G4-RNA's participation in regulating stress granule formation. This review emphasizes the significance of G4s in aging processes and how their homeostatic imbalance may contribute to the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Vijay Kumar
- The Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- The Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrey S. Tsvetkov
- The Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Consortium on Aging, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Vang R, Shih IM. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: What Do We Really Know at this Point? Histopathology 2022; 81:542-555. [PMID: 35859323 DOI: 10.1111/his.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is the earliest morphologically recognizable step in the development of invasive high-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Lesions occurring prior to STIC within the carcinogenic sequence for the pathogenesis of invasive high-grade serous carcinoma include the p53 signature and secretory cell outgrowth (SCOUT). Variable histologic criteria have been used for diagnosing STIC, but a combination of morphology and immunohistochemistry for p53/Ki-67 improves interobserver agreement. Half of all carcinomas identified in risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy specimens are in the form of STIC; however, STIC also may be incidentally found on occasion in specimens from women at low or average risk of ovarian/tubal/peritoneal carcinoma. TP53 mutation is the earliest known DNA sequence alteration in STIC and almost all invasive high-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary and peritoneum. Data on the clinical behavior of STIC are limited. While the short-term follow-up in the prior literature suggests a low risk of malignant progression, a more recent meta-analysis indicates a 10-year risk of 28%. STIC probably should be best regarded as a lesion with uncertain malignant potential at present, and future molecular analysis will help classify those with higher risk of dissemination. This review article provides an update on the current knowledge of STIC and related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Vang
- Departments of Pathology (Division of Gynecologic Pathology), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA.,Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Departments of Pathology (Division of Gynecologic Pathology), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA.,Gynecology & Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA.,Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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El Bairi K, Al Jarroudi O, Le Page C, Afqir S. Does the "Devil" originate from the fallopian tubes? Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:56-66. [PMID: 33766647 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) is a heterogeneous disease and continues to be mostly diagnosed in advanced stages. The high lethality, the high rate of platinum-resistance, and the poor survival outcomes are the principal factors for categorizing OC among the most aggressive gynecological cancers. Only recently, a substantial progress has been made in our latest understanding of the origins of OC, particularly of high-grade serous histology. For a long time, the accumulation of genetic alterations in epithelial single layer cells of ovarian cysts caused by cyclic ovulations was considered as the most important driver and the long-standing dogma of ovarian tumorigenesis. Besides, the unique biological features and high histological heterogeneity of OC did not support this hypothesis. Indeed, various extra-ovarian cells of origin and multiple sites to each histotype were proposed, supported by cogent evidence from clinical cohorts and animal studies. In light of this enigma, this review was conducted to discuss the recent evidence supporting the revised origins of ovarian carcinoma histotypes with a particular focus on high-grade serous OC which may impact diagnostic and preventive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Ouissam Al Jarroudi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I(st) University, Oujda, Morocco
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Analysis of Telomere Lengths in p53 Signatures and Incidental Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinomas Without Concurrent Ovarian Cancer. Am J Surg Pathol 2020; 43:1083-1091. [PMID: 31107721 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Telomere alterations represent one of the major molecular changes in the development of human cancer. We have previously reported that telomere lengths in most serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STIC) are shorter than they are in ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) or in normal-appearing fallopian tube epithelium from the same patients. However, it remains critical to determine if similar telomere alterations occur in TP53-mutated but histologically unremarkable "p53 signature" lesions, as well as incidental STICs without concurrent HGSC. In this study, we quantitatively measured telomere lengths by performing telomere-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization in conjunction with p53 immunolabeling in 15 p53 signatures and 30 incidental STICs without concurrent HGSC. We compared these new results with our previous data in paired STICs and concurrent HGSCs. We found that most p53 signatures (80%) and incidental STICs without HGSC (77%) exhibited significant telomere shortening compared with adjacent normal-appearing fallopian tube epithelium (P<0.01). Interestingly, however, p53 signatures and incidental STICs without HGSC displayed longer telomeres and less cell-to-cell telomere length heterogeneity than STICs associated with HGSC (P<0.001). These findings indicate that telomere shortening occurs in p53 signatures, the earliest precancer lesion. Moreover, incidental STICs without concurrent HGSC are indeed similar to p53 signatures as they have less telomere shortening and less cell-to-cell telomere length heterogeneity than STICs associated with HGSC.
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Huda N, Xu Y, Bates AM, Rankin DA, Kannan N, Gilley D. Onset of Telomere Dysfunction and Fusions in Human Ovarian Carcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:E414. [PMID: 31060240 PMCID: PMC6562548 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction has been strongly implicated in the initiation of genomic instability and is suspected to be an early event in the carcinogenesis of human solid tumors. Recent findings have established the presence of telomere fusions in human breast and prostate malignancies; however, the onset of this genomic instability mechanism during progression of other solid cancers is not well understood. Herein, we explored telomere dynamics in patient-derived epithelial ovarian cancers (OC), a malignancy characterized by multiple distinct subtypes, extensive molecular heterogeneity, and widespread genomic instability. We discovered a high frequency of telomere fusions in ovarian tumor tissues; however, limited telomere fusions were detected in normal adjacent tissues or benign ovarian samples. In addition, we found relatively high levels of both telomerase activity and hTERT expression, along with anaphase bridges in tumor tissues, which were notably absent in adjacent normal ovarian tissues and benign lesions. These results suggest that telomere dysfunction may occur early in ovarian carcinogenesis and, importantly, that it may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Recognizing telomere dysfunction as a pervasive feature of this heterogeneous malignancy may facilitate the future development of novel diagnostic tools and improved methods of disease monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Huda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Alison M Bates
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Deborah A Rankin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - David Gilley
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
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Low-Stage High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas: Support for an Extraovarian Origin. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2017; 35:222-9. [PMID: 26630225 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many adnexal high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) may derive from microscopic precursors in the fallopian tube. By studying a series of low-stage ovarian carcinomas, we anticipated that HGSCs would be distributed in a pattern suggesting secondary involvement, helping to indirectly validate the fallopian tube origin theory, and that most ovarian carcinomas other than serous carcinomas would demonstrate features consistent with derivation from precursors located in or transplanted to the ovary. Seventy-six patients with low-stage (FIGO I/II) sporadic ovarian carcinoma who underwent primary surgical management at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1980 to 2000 were included in the study. Histologic type was assigned using Gilks' criteria. Similar to the approach taken when distinguishing primary and metastatic mucinous or endometrioid carcinoma involving ovary, cases interpreted as showing a "primary" pattern of ovarian involvement had ≥3 of the following features: unilateral tumor, size >12 cm, no surface involvement, no multinodularity, and no destructive stromal invasion. All other cases were considered to show a "metastatic" pattern of ovarian involvement. Cases were evaluated for p53 and WT-1 expression, using standard techniques on a tissue microarray. TP53 gene sequencing was also performed. Cases comprised HGSC (n=22), endometrioid carcinoma (n=30), clear cell carcinoma (n=13), and mucinous carcinoma (n=11). HGSCs displayed substantially more "metastatic features" than the non-HGSC group and a mean overall size that was smaller (8.85 vs. 14.1 cm). Statistically significant differences were found for bilaterality (63% vs. 7.3%), P=0.0001; multinodularity (55% vs. 7.3%), P=0.0001; tumor size, P=0.003; and surface involvement (50% vs. 13%), P=0.002. Five of 22 (23%) of HGSCs showed a "primary pattern" of ovarian involvement. There were no significant differences between these cases and "metastatic pattern" HGSCs when comparing morphology, immunophenotype, TP53 mutational status, and clinical outcomes. Most low-stage HGSCs demonstrate patterns of ovarian involvement that suggest metastasis from another source, such as the fallopian tube. Both metastatic pattern HGSCs and unilateral, low-stage HGSCs can behave aggressively.
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7
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Genome Instability and γH2AX. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091979. [PMID: 28914798 PMCID: PMC5618628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γH2AX has emerged in the last 20 years as a central player in the DDR (DNA damage response), with specificity for DSBs (double-strand breaks). Upon the generation of DSBs, γ-phosphorylation extends along megabase-long domains in chromatin, both sides of the damage. The significance of this mechanism is of great importance; it depicts a biological amplification mechanism where one DSB induces the γ-phosphorylation of thousands of H2AX molecules along megabaselong domains of chromatin, that are adjusted to the sites of DSBs. A sequential recruitment of signal transduction factors that interact to each other and become activated to further amplify the signal that will travel to the cytoplasm take place on the γ-phosphorylated chromatin. γ-phosphorylation is an early event in the DSB damage response, induced in all phases of the cell cycle, and participates in both DSB repair pathways, the HR (homologous recombination) and NHEJ (non-homologous end joining). Today, numerous studies support the notion that γH2AX functions as a guardian of the genome by preventing misrepaired DSB that increase the mutation load of the cells and may further lead to genome instability and carcinogenesis.
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Yang M, Prescott J, Poole EM, Rice MS, Kubzansky LD, Idahl A, Lundin E, De Vivo I, Tworoger SS. Prediagnosis Leukocyte Telomere Length and Risk of Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:339-345. [PMID: 28209595 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The associations between telomere length and cancer risk are equivocal, and none have examined the association between prediagnosis leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and the risk of developing ovarian cancer.Methods: We prospectively measured LTL collected from 442 ovarian cancer cases and 727 controls in the Nurses' Health Studies and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Cases were matched to one or two controls on age, menopausal status, and date of blood collection. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression.Results: LTL was measured a median of 9.5 years before ovarian cancer diagnosis among cases. We observed a decreased risk of ovarian cancer with longer LTL. In multivariable models, women in the top quartile of LTL had an OR for ovarian cancer of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.46-0.97) compared with those in the bottom quartile. Inverse associations were stronger for nonserous cases (ORquartile 4 vs. quartile 1 of LTL = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.33-0.94) and rapidly fatal cases (i.e., cases who died within 3 years of diagnosis; ORquartile 4 vs. quartile 1 of LTL = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.32-0.95).Conclusions: Our prospective findings suggest that longer circulating LTL may be associated with a lower ovarian cancer risk, especially for nonserous and rapidly fatal cases. The evaluation of LTL in relation to ovarian cancer risk by tumor subtypes is warranted in larger prospective studies.Impact: Prediagnosis LTL may reflect an early event in the ovarian cancer development and could serve as a biomarker to predict future risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 339-45. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan S Rice
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Lundin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Xu P, Ding S, Zhu L, Le F, Huang X, Tian Y, Zhang X. Elevated RON protein expression in endometriosis and disease-associated ovarian cancers. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 295:631-639. [PMID: 27888297 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) protein expression has been demonstrated to correlate with tumor progression, metastasis, and prognosis, and its mRNA expression increases in deeply infiltrating endometriotic lesions. However, it remains unclear whether RON protein expression also increases in endometriotic lesions, and may be a risk factor of malignant transformation in endometriotic lesions. METHODS The protein expression of RON in control (n = 19), eutopic (n = 16), and ectopic (n = 51) endometria, as well as in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOC, n = 16) was determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. RESULTS Endometriotic lesions expressed low levels of RON protein, but no RON protein expression appeared in matched eutopic or control endometrium. EAOC exhibited high levels of RON protein. The frequency and IHC score of RON protein expression were both significantly higher in EAOC [100.0% (14/14), 5.37 ± 0.74] than those in endometriotic lesions [51.0% (26/51), 2.15 ± 1.12; P = 0.002, 0.001]. Multivariate analysis of covariance only revealed a correlation of RON protein expression and EAOC (P = 0.006), but no correlations of RON protein expression and clinical parameters (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These obtained results suggest that increased RON expression might be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and disease-associated ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Ding
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Zhu
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Le
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Huang
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Tian
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- The Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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Sherman ME, Drapkin RI, Horowitz NS, Crum CP, Friedman S, Kwon JS, Levine DA, Shih IM, Shoupe D, Swisher EM, Walker J, Trabert B, Greene MH, Samimi G, Temkin SM, Minasian LM. Rationale for Developing a Specimen Bank to Study the Pathogenesis of High-Grade Serous Carcinoma: A Review of the Evidence. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:713-20. [PMID: 27221539 PMCID: PMC5010984 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Women with clinically detected high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) generally present with advanced-stage disease, which portends a poor prognosis, despite extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy. Historically, HGSCs were presumed to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), but the inability to identify early-stage HGSCs and their putative precursors in the ovary dimmed prospects for advancing our knowledge of the pathogenesis of these tumors and translating these findings into effective prevention strategies. Over the last decade, increased BRCA1/2 mutation testing coupled with performance of risk-reducing surgeries has enabled studies that have provided strong evidence that many, but probably not all, HGSCs among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers appear to arise from the fallopian tubes, rather than from the ovaries. This shift in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HGSCs provides an important opportunity to achieve practice changing advances; however, the scarcity of clinically annotated tissues containing early lesions, particularly among women at average risk, poses challenges to progress. Accordingly, we review studies that have kindled our evolving understanding of the pathogenesis of HGSC and present the rationale for developing an epidemiologically annotated national specimen resource to support this research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(9); 713-20. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ronny I Drapkin
- The Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil S Horowitz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sue Friedman
- Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered (FORCE), Tampa, Florida
| | - Janice S Kwon
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia and BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecologic Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Donna Shoupe
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joan Walker
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Goli Samimi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah M Temkin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lori M Minasian
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Gao B, Lindemann K, Anderson L, Fereday S, Hung J, Alsop K, Tothill RW, Gebski V, Kennedy C, Balleine RL, Harnett PR, Bowtell DDL, DeFazio A. Serous ovarian and primary peritoneal cancers: A comparative analysis of clinico-pathological features, molecular subtypes and treatment outcome. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 142:458-64. [PMID: 27444035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary peritoneal cancer is rare and considered equivalent to stage III/IV ovarian cancer, but questions remain concerning its underlying biology, prognosis and optimal management. METHODS Clinico-pathological and treatment details of primary peritoneal (n=120) and ovarian cancer (n=635) were obtained on women recruited to the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study. Log-rank test was used to compare survival and cox proportional hazards models were fitted to obtain hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, both unadjusted and adjusted for age, grade, FIGO stage, residual disease and treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Molecular subtype was determined by gene expression profiling using published data. RESULTS Compared with advanced serous ovarian cancer, primary peritoneal cancer patients were older (mean age 65.5 vs. 60.2years, p<0.001), more often treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (38.4% vs. 11.4%, p<0.001). Gene expression profiling classified a substantially higher proportion of primary peritoneal carcinomas as C1 (mesenchymal, reactive stromal infiltration) subtype (70.6% vs. 32.1%, p=0.029), which was associated with lower complete surgical resection rate. Women with primary peritoneal cancer had significantly shorter progression-free (11.6 vs. 13.6months, p=0.007) and overall survival (31.7 vs. 39.8months, p=0.012). In multivariate analysis, residual disease and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were both independently associated with increased risk of progression and death. CONCLUSIONS Primary peritoneal cancer patients were more frequently treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had inferior survival. Different tumor biology characterized by activated stromal fibrosis in primary peritoneal cancer may underlie the differences in treatment and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Lindemann
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynecological Cancer, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian Hung
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Alsop
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Kennedy
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosemary L Balleine
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Pathology West ICPMR, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Paul R Harnett
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK; The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna DeFazio
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Expression of Stem Cell Markers in Preinvasive Tubal Lesions of Ovarian Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:808531. [PMID: 26504831 PMCID: PMC4609379 DOI: 10.1155/2015/808531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the ovarian serous carcinogenic process with tubal origin, we investigated the expression of stem cell markers in premalignant tubal lesions (serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma or STIC). We found an increased stem cell marker density in the normal fallopian tube followed by a high CD117 and a low ALDH and CD44 expression in STICs raising the question of the role of the stem cell markers in the serous carcinogenic process.
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Selmes G, Ferron G, Filleron T, Querleu D, Mery E. Lésions épithéliales précoces dans les annexectomies prophylactiques chez des patientes à haut risque de cancer de l’ovaire : à propos d’une série de 93 cas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 43:659-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lheureux S, Karakasis K, Kohn EC, Oza AM. Ovarian cancer treatment: The end of empiricism? Cancer 2015; 121:3203-11. [PMID: 26096019 PMCID: PMC4744728 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis, investigation, and management of ovarian cancer are in a state of flux-balancing ever rapid advances in our understanding of its biology with 3 decades of clinical trials. Clinical trials that started with empirically driven selections have evolved in an evidence-informed manner to gradually improve outcome. Has this improved understanding of the biology and associated calls to action led to appropriate changes in therapy? In this review, the authors discuss incorporating emerging data on biology, combinations, dose, and scheduling of new and existing agents with patient preferences in the management of women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Bras Family Drug Development ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CenterTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Katherine Karakasis
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Bras Family Drug Development ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CenterTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | - Amit M. Oza
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Bras Family Drug Development ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CenterTorontoOntarioCanada
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Garbe JC, Vrba L, Sputova K, Fuchs L, Novak P, Brothman AR, Jackson M, Chin K, LaBarge MA, Watts G, Futscher BW, Stampfer MR. Immortalization of normal human mammary epithelial cells in two steps by direct targeting of senescence barriers does not require gross genomic alterations. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3423-35. [PMID: 25485586 PMCID: PMC4613853 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.954456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reactivation and immortalization are critical for human carcinoma progression. However, little is known about the mechanisms controlling this crucial step, due in part to the paucity of experimentally tractable model systems that can examine human epithelial cell immortalization as it might occur in vivo. We achieved efficient non-clonal immortalization of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) by directly targeting the 2 main senescence barriers encountered by cultured HMEC. The stress-associated stasis barrier was bypassed using shRNA to p16INK4; replicative senescence due to critically shortened telomeres was bypassed in post-stasis HMEC by c-MYC transduction. Thus, 2 pathologically relevant oncogenic agents are sufficient to immortally transform normal HMEC. The resultant non-clonal immortalized lines exhibited normal karyotypes. Most human carcinomas contain genomically unstable cells, with widespread instability first observed in vivo in pre-malignant stages; in vitro, instability is seen as finite cells with critically shortened telomeres approach replicative senescence. Our results support our hypotheses that: (1) telomere-dysfunction induced genomic instability in pre-malignant finite cells may generate the errors required for telomerase reactivation and immortalization, as well as many additional “passenger” errors carried forward into resulting carcinomas; (2) genomic instability during cancer progression is needed to generate errors that overcome tumor suppressive barriers, but not required per se; bypassing the senescence barriers by direct targeting eliminated a need for genomic errors to generate immortalization. Achieving efficient HMEC immortalization, in the absence of “passenger” genomic errors, should facilitate examination of telomerase regulation during human carcinoma progression, and exploration of agents that could prevent immortalization.
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Key Words
- BaP, benzo(a)pyrene
- CT, cholera toxin
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DMR, differentially methylated regions
- HMEC, human mammary epithelial cells
- OIS, oncogene-induced senescence
- PD, population doublings
- RB, retinoblastoma protein
- TTS, transcription start site
- X, oxytocin
- c-Myc
- carcinogenesis
- genomic instability
- human mammary epithelial cells
- immortalization
- p, passage
- p16INK4a
- p16sh, shRNA to p16INK4A
- senescence
- telomerase
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Garbe
- a Life Sciences Division ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Berkeley , CA USA
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Imamura H, Ohishi Y, Aman M, Shida K, Shinozaki T, Yasutake N, Sonoda K, Kato K, Oda Y. Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma with a noninvasive growth pattern simulating a serous borderline tumor. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1455-63. [PMID: 26232113 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian serous borderline tumors (SBTs) being a precursor of low-grade serous carcinomas are morphologically characterized by noninvasive growth and low-grade cytology. On the other hand, many pathologists regard cytologically high-grade, noninvasive (HG-noninv) ovarian serous tumors resembling SBTs in low magnification as conventional high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) by personal experiences. Nonetheless, there are no established molecular characteristic of such tumors. In this study, therefore, we attempted to provide the molecular evidence. We selected 37 ovarian serous tumors that exhibited a cytologically HG-noninv growth pattern, including 36 tumors that coexisted with conventional invasive HGSC components (HG-inv) and a single tumor exclusively composed of pure HG-noninv. Histologically, all HG-noninv showed many mitotic figures, and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas were identified in 3 tumors with HG-noninv. Immunohistochemically, most HG-noninv showed aberrant p53 expression, frequent IMP3 positivity, p16 overexpression, a high MIB-1 labeling index, and infrequent PAX2. By molecular analysis, the pure HG-noninv and 13 HGSCs with HG-noninv showed TP53 mutations, but KRAS/BRAF mutations were not detected in any of them. In 1 tumor, we detected an identical TP53 mutation in both HG-noninv and HG-inv components by using laser capture microdissection. These immunohistochemical and molecular features of HG-noninv were similar to those of conventional invasive HGSCs but different from those of SBTs. In conclusion, our results showed that a cytologically HG-noninv growth pattern simulating an SBT is a morphological spectrum of HGSC, but not a true SBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Imamura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohishi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Murasaki Aman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaai Shida
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shinozaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuko Yasutake
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Sonoda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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17
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DNA Damage Signaling and Apoptosis in Preinvasive Tubal Lesions of Ovarian Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 25:761-9. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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18
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Singel SM, Cornelius C, Zaganjor E, Batten K, Sarode VR, Buckley DL, Peng Y, John GB, Li HC, Sadeghi N, Wright WE, Lum L, Corson TW, Shay JW. KIF14 promotes AKT phosphorylation and contributes to chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Neoplasia 2015; 16:247-56, 256.e2. [PMID: 24784001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence that kinesin family member 14 (KIF14) can serve as a prognostic biomarker in various solid tumors, how it contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. We observed that experimental decrease in KIF14 expression increases docetaxel chemosensitivity in estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, "triple-negative" breast cancers (TNBC). To investigate the oncogenic role of KIF14, we used noncancerous human mammary epithelial cells and ectopically expressed KIF14 and found increased proliferative capacity, increased anchorage-independent grown in vitro, and increased resistance to docetaxel but not to doxorubicin, carboplatin, or gemcitabine. Seventeen benign breast biopsies of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers showed increased KIF14 mRNA expression by fluorescence in situ hybridization compared to controls with no known mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, suggesting increased KIF14 expression as a biomarker of high-risk breast tissue. Evaluation of 34 cases of locally advanced TNBC showed that KIF14 expression significantly correlates with chemotherapy-resistant breast cancer. KIF14 knockdown also correlates with decreased AKT phosphorylation and activity. Live-cell imaging confirmed an insulin-induced temporal colocalization of KIF14 and AKT at the plasma membrane, suggesting a potential role of KIF14 in promoting activation of AKT. An experimental small-molecule inhibitor of KIF14 was then used to evaluate the potential anticancer benefits of downregulating KIF14 activity. Inhibition of KIF14 shows a chemosensitizing effect and correlates with decreasing activation of AKT. Together, these findings show an early and critical role for KIF14 in the tumorigenic potential of TNBC, and therapeutic targeting of KIF14 is feasible and effective for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina M Singel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Crystal Cornelius
- Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Batten
- Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Venetia R Sarode
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George B John
- Clinical Laboratory Services, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hsiao C Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Navid Sadeghi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Woodring E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence Lum
- Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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19
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Chene G, Ouellet V, Rahimi K, Barres V, Provencher D, Mes-Masson AM. TheARID1Apathway in ovarian clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma, contiguous endometriosis, and benign endometriosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 130:27-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Usach I, Blansit K, Chen LM, Ueda S, Brooks R, Kapp DS, Chan JK. Survival differences in women with serous tubal, ovarian, peritoneal, and uterine carcinomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212:188.e1-6. [PMID: 25149685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The fallopian tube has been implicated as the primary origin of pelvic serous cancers. We proposed to determine the survival outcomes of serous tubal, ovarian, peritoneal, and uterine cancer patients. STUDY DESIGN Data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute between 2004 and 2009. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used for analysis. RESULTS Of 12,336 high-grade serous cancer patients, 563 were tubal (TC), 8560 ovarian (OC), 1037 primary peritoneal (PPC), and 2176 uterine cancer (USC). The median ages of these patients were 63 vs 62 vs 67 vs 68 years, respectively. The majority were white (89% vs 88% vs 91% vs 74%). The overall 5 year, disease-specific survival was 37%. The survivals of those with TC, OC, PPC, and USC were 50%, 37%, 26%, and 40% (P < .01). There was no detailed staging on PPC cancers. Adjusted for stage, the survival of those with stage I, II, III, and IV TC were 73%, 62%, 44%, and 22% (P < .01), OC were 83%, 64%, 34%, and 15% (P < .01), and USC were 88%, 72%, 55%, and 17% (P < .01). On multivariate analysis, younger age, white race, earlier stage, and tubal origin were independent predictors for improved survival. CONCLUSION In advanced-staged serous cancer patients, tubal cancer patients have better survivals compared with ovarian, peritoneal, and uterine cancer.
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21
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Chene G, Lamblin G, Le Bail-Carval K, Chabert P, Golfier F, Dauplat J, Deligdisch L, Penault-Llorca F, Mellier G. [Prophylactic salpingectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy as an ovarian cancer prevention?]. Presse Med 2015; 44:317-23. [PMID: 25578546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent hypothesis has stated that many ovarian cancers (especially high-grade serous histotype) could arise from the distal part of the fallopian tube. On one hand we know that risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is the most effective prevention for ovarian cancer among BRCA mutation carriers. On the other, oophorectomy increases the relative risk for cardiovascular, osteoporotic psychosexual and cognitive dysfunctions in premenopausal women. This raises the question whether bilateral salpingectomy could be an effective strategy in the prevention of ovarian cancer in case of hereditary predisposition and in the general population. Here we discuss origin of ovarian cancer in the light of the latest molecular studies and the relative risks and benefits of a strategy of exclusive salpingectomy in comparison with the classical adnexectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Chene
- CHU Lyon Est, hôpital femme mère enfant, département de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - Gery Lamblin
- CHU Lyon Est, hôpital femme mère enfant, département de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Karine Le Bail-Carval
- CHU Lyon Est, hôpital femme mère enfant, département de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Chabert
- CHU Lyon Est, hôpital femme mère enfant, département de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - François Golfier
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, département de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Jacques Dauplat
- Centre Jean-Perrin, département de chirurgie, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Liane Deligdisch
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, département de pathologie, 10029 New York, États-Unis
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Centre Jean-Perrin, département d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georges Mellier
- CHU Lyon Est, hôpital femme mère enfant, département de gynécologie-obstétrique, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
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22
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Morphological and immunohistochemical pattern of tubo-ovarian dysplasia and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014; 183:89-95. [PMID: 25461359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histopathological examination of material from prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomies performed in patients at genetic risk of ovarian cancer can reveal abnormalities interpreted as possible pre-cancerous "ovarian dysplasia" and tubal precursors lesions. We sought to study the morphological features and immunohistochemical expression patterns of neoplasia-associated markers in prophylactically removed ovaries and fallopian tubes (pBSO) in comparison with a group of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) and non-cancerous controls. STUDY DESIGN Morphological features and immunohistochemical expression patterns of Ki-67 (for proliferation biomarker), p53 (key pathway of mullerian serous tumorogenesis), Bcl2 (anti-apoptotic), γH2AX (a double-strand breaks marker) and ALDH1 (a stem cell marker significantly associated with early-stage ovarian cancer) were blindly evaluated by two pathologists in 111 pBSO, 12 STICs and 116 non-cancerous salpingo-oophorectomies (control group) (nBSO). RESULTS Morphological ovarian and tubal dysplasia scores were significantly higher in the pBSO than in controls (respectively, 8.8 vs 3.12, p<0.0001, for ovaries and 6.54 vs 1.58, p<0.0001 for tubes). Increased γH2AX expression was observed in the pBSO and STICs compared with the controls whereas expression patterns of Ki67, p53 and bcl2 were low to moderate in the pBSO group. STICs overexpressed Ki67 and p53 while bcl2 expression was low; Interestingly, ALDH1 expression was low in non dysplastic epithelium, high in dysplasia and constantly low in STICs. CONCLUSION The morphological and immunohistochemical profile of tubo-ovarian dysplasia and STICs might be consistent with progression toward neoplastic transformation in the Serous Carcinogenesis Sequence. These changes may be pre-malignant and could represent an important phase in early neoplasia. ALDH1 activation in pBSO samples and its extinction in STICs should be considered as a target for prevention.
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23
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DNA and RNA quadruplex-binding proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:17493-517. [PMID: 25268620 PMCID: PMC4227175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Four-stranded DNA structures were structurally characterized in vitro by NMR, X-ray and Circular Dichroism spectroscopy in detail. Among the different types of quadruplexes (i-Motifs, minor groove quadruplexes, G-quadruplexes, etc.), the best described are G-quadruplexes which are featured by Hoogsteen base-paring. Sequences with the potential to form quadruplexes are widely present in genome of all organisms. They are found often in repetitive sequences such as telomeric ones, and also in promoter regions and 5' non-coding sequences. Recently, many proteins with binding affinity to G-quadruplexes have been identified. One of the initially portrayed G-rich regions, the human telomeric sequence (TTAGGG)n, is recognized by many proteins which can modulate telomerase activity. Sequences with the potential to form G-quadruplexes are often located in promoter regions of various oncogenes. The NHE III1 region of the c-MYC promoter has been shown to interact with nucleolin protein as well as other G-quadruplex-binding proteins. A number of G-rich sequences are also present in promoter region of estrogen receptor alpha. In addition to DNA quadruplexes, RNA quadruplexes, which are critical in translational regulation, have also been predicted and observed. For example, the RNA quadruplex formation in telomere-repeat-containing RNA is involved in interaction with TRF2 (telomere repeat binding factor 2) and plays key role in telomere regulation. All these fundamental examples suggest the importance of quadruplex structures in cell processes and their understanding may provide better insight into aging and disease development.
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Kotsopoulos J, Prescott J, De Vivo I, Fan I, Mclaughlin J, Rosen B, Risch H, Sun P, Narod SA. Telomere length and mortality following a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2603-6. [PMID: 25159293 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are essential for the maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Telomere shortening leads to genomic instability, which is hypothesized to play a role in cancer development and prognosis. No studies to date have evaluated the prognostic significance of telomere length for ovarian cancer. METHODS We examined whether relative telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes was associated with survival following a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. We analyzed data from a large population-based study of incident ovarian cancer conducted in Ontario between 1995 and 2004. Telomere length was measured using the quantitative PCR-based relative telomere length assay and vital status was determined by computerized record linkage and by chart review (n = 1,042). Proportional hazard models were used to estimate ovarian cancer-specific survival HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with quartiles of telomere length z score. RESULTS We found no significant relationship between telomere length and ovarian cancer-specific mortality (P log-rank test = 0.55). Compared with women in the lowest quartile of telomere length z score, the HR for women in the highest three quartiles of telomere length z score combined was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.77-1.10). The corresponding estimates for serous and nonserous tumors were 0.68 (95% CI, 0.66-1.13) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.71-1.79), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide preliminary evidence that telomere length likely does not predict outcome after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. IMPACT This represents the first study to suggest no prognostic role of telomere length for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isabel Fan
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Mclaughlin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barry Rosen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harvey Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ping Sun
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Jacob F, Nixdorf S, Hacker NF, Heinzelmann-Schwarz VA. Reliable in vitro studies require appropriate ovarian cancer cell lines. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:60. [PMID: 24936210 PMCID: PMC4058698 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women and the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. Of the 75% women diagnosed with locally advanced or disseminated disease, only 30% will survive five years following treatment. This poor prognosis is due to the following reasons: limited understanding of the tumor origin, unclear initiating events and early developmental stages of ovarian cancer, lack of reliable ovarian cancer-specific biomarkers, and drug resistance in advanced cases. In the past, in vitro studies using cell line models have been an invaluable tool for basic, discovery-driven cancer research. However, numerous issues including misidentification and cross-contamination of cell lines have hindered research efforts. In this study we examined all ovarian cancer cell lines available from cell banks. Hereby, we identified inconsistencies in the reporting, difficulties in the identification of cell origin or clinical data of the donor patients, restricted ethnic and histological type representation, and a lack of tubal and peritoneal cancer cell lines. We recommend that all cell lines should be distributed via official cell banks only with strict guidelines regarding the minimal available information required to improve the quality of ovarian cancer research in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ; Department of Biomedicine, Gynecological Research Group, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sheri Nixdorf
- Ovarian Cancer Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neville F Hacker
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, School of Women's and Children's Health, Randwick, Australia
| | - Viola A Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Ovarian Cancer Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ; Department of Biomedicine, Gynecological Research Group, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland ; Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, School of Women's and Children's Health, Randwick, Australia
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Genomic aberrations of BRCA1-mutated fallopian tube carcinomas. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1871-6. [PMID: 24726640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial carcinomas of the fallopian tube are putative precursors to high-grade serous carcinomas of the ovary and peritoneum. Molecular characterization of these early precursors is limited but could be the key to identifying tumor biomarkers for early detection. This study presents a genome-wide copy number analysis of occult fallopian tube carcinomas identified through risk-reducing prophylactic oophorectomy from three women with germline BRCA1 mutations, demonstrating that extensive genomic aberrations are already established at this early stage. We found no indication of a difference in the level of genomic aberration observed in fallopian tube carcinomas compared with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. These findings suggest that spread to the peritoneal cavity may require no or very little further tumor evolution, which raises the question of what is the real window of opportunity to detect high-grade serous peritoneal carcinoma arising from the fallopian tube before it spreads. Nonetheless, the similarity of the genomic aberrations to those observed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas suggests that genetic biomarkers identified in late-stage disease may be relevant for early detection.
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Early preinvasive lesions in ovarian cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:639252. [PMID: 24804229 PMCID: PMC3997076 DOI: 10.1155/2014/639252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Faced with the catastrophic prognosis for ovarian cancer due to the fact that it is most often diagnosed late at the peritoneal carcinomatosis stage, screening and early detection could probably reduce the mortality rate. A better understanding of the molecular characteristics of the different ovarian cancer subtypes and their specific molecular signatures is indispensable prior to development of new screening strategies. We discuss here the early natural history of ovarian cancer and its origins.
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Perets R, Wyant GA, Muto KW, Bijron JG, Poole BB, Chin KT, Chen JYH, Ohman AW, Stepule CD, Kwak S, Karst AM, Hirsch MS, Setlur SR, Crum CP, Dinulescu DM, Drapkin R. Transformation of the fallopian tube secretory epithelium leads to high-grade serous ovarian cancer in Brca;Tp53;Pten models. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:751-65. [PMID: 24332043 PMCID: PMC3917315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma presents significant clinical and therapeutic challenges. Although the traditional model of carcinogenesis has focused on the ovary as a tumor initiation site, recent studies suggest that there may be additional sites of origin outside the ovary, namely the secretory cells of the fallopian tube. Our study demonstrates that high-grade serous tumors can originate in fallopian tubal secretory epithelial cells and also establishes serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma as the precursor lesion to high-grade serous ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas in animal models targeting the Brca, Tp53, and Pten genes. These findings offer an avenue to address clinically important questions that are critical for cancer prevention and early detection in women carrying BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Perets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gregory A Wyant
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine W Muto
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan G Bijron
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barish B Poole
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth T Chin
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin Yun H Chen
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anders W Ohman
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Corey D Stepule
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soongu Kwak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alison M Karst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sunita R Setlur
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher P Crum
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniela M Dinulescu
- Eugene Braunwald Research Center, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Qiu H. Early telomere shortening and genomic instability in tubo-ovarian preneoplastic lesions--letter. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5254. [PMID: 24009150 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qiu
- Author's Affiliation: International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of the China Welfare Institute Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Chene G, Tchirkov A, Penault-Llorca F. Early Telomere Shortening and Genomic Instability in Tubo-Ovarian Preneoplastic Lesions—Response. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5255. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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