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Yu M, Ming H, Xia M, Fu J, Cai Z, Cui X. Identification of an angiogenesis-related risk score model for survival prediction and immunosubtype screening in multiple myeloma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2657-2678. [PMID: 38319724 PMCID: PMC10911366 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B-cell malignancy, but with the emergence of immunotherapy, a potential cure is hopeful. The individualized interaction between the tumor and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment determines the response to immunotherapy. Angiogenesis is a constant hallmark of the BM microenvironment in MM. However, little is known about the potency ability of angiogenesis-associated genes (AAGs) to regulate the immune microenvironment of MM patients. METHODS We comprehensively dissected the associations between angiogenesis and genomic landscapes, prognosis, and the immune microenvironment by integrating 36 AAGs. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the correlation between angiogenic factor expression and patient prognosis. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was applied to quantify the relative abundance of 28 infiltrating cells. The AAG score was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model. RESULTS Angiogenesis was closely correlated with MM patient prognosis, and the mutation intensity of the AAGs was low. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that high microvessel density predicted poor prognosis. Three AAG clusters and two gene clusters with distinct clinical outcomes and immune characteristics were identified. The established AAG_score model performed well in predicting patient prognosis and active immunotherapy response. The high-AAG_score subgroup was characterized by reduced immune cell infiltration, poor prognosis, and inactive immunotherapy response. Multivariate analyses indicated that the AAG_score was strongly robust and independent among the prognostic variables. CONCLUSION This study revealed that angiogenesis is significantly related to MM patient prognosis and immune phenotype. Evaluating the AAG signature was conducive to predicting patient response to immunotherapy and guiding more efficacious immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Hongquan Ming
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Mengting Xia
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Zhiguo Cai
- Department of Quality Control, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xing Cui
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
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2
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Lee HM, Wright WC, Pan M, Low J, Currier D, Fang J, Singh S, Nance S, Delahunty I, Kim Y, Chapple RH, Zhang Y, Liu X, Steele JA, Qi J, Pruett-Miller SM, Easton J, Chen T, Yang J, Durbin AD, Geeleher P. A CRISPR-drug perturbational map for identifying compounds to combine with commonly used chemotherapeutics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7332. [PMID: 37957169 PMCID: PMC10643606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy is crucial for successfully treating cancer. However, the enormous number of possible drug combinations means discovering safe and effective combinations remains a significant challenge. To improve this process, we conduct large-scale targeted CRISPR knockout screens in drug-treated cells, creating a genetic map of druggable genes that sensitize cells to commonly used chemotherapeutics. We prioritize neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor, where ~50% of high-risk patients do not survive. Our screen examines all druggable gene knockouts in 18 cell lines (10 neuroblastoma, 8 others) treated with 8 widely used drugs, resulting in 94,320 unique combination-cell line perturbations, which is comparable to the largest existing drug combination screens. Using dense drug-drug rescreening, we find that the top CRISPR-nominated drug combinations are more synergistic than standard-of-care combinations, suggesting existing combinations could be improved. As proof of principle, we discover that inhibition of PRKDC, a component of the non-homologous end-joining pathway, sensitizes high-risk neuroblastoma cells to the standard-of-care drug doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Our findings provide a valuable resource and demonstrate the feasibility of using targeted CRISPR knockout to discover combinations with common chemotherapeutics, a methodology with application across all cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Min Lee
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - William C Wright
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jonathan Low
- Department of Chemical Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Duane Currier
- Department of Chemical Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Shivendra Singh
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stephanie Nance
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Ian Delahunty
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Richard H Chapple
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yinwen Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jacob A Steele
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Paul Geeleher
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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3
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Lee CC, Yu CJ, Panda SS, Chen KC, Liang KH, Huang WC, Wang YS, Ho PC, Wu HC. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) regulates HGFR signaling to promote colon cancer progression and metastasis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:530. [PMID: 37543570 PMCID: PMC10404369 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is known to highly expression and promotes cancer progression in many cancer types, including colorectal cancer. While metastasis is one of the main causes of cancer treatment failure, the involvement of EpCAM signaling in metastatic processes is unclear. We propose the potential crosstalk of EpCAM signaling with the HGFR signaling in order to govern metastatic activity in colorectal cancer. METHODS Immunoprecipitation (IP), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was conducted to explore the extracellular domain of EpCAM (EpEX) and HGFR interaction. Western blotting was taken to determine the expression of proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. The functions of EpEX in CRC were investigated by proliferation, migration, and invasion analysis. The combined therapy was validated via a tail vein injection method for the metastasis and orthotopic colon cancer models. RESULTS This study demonstrates that the EpEX binds to HGFR and induces downstream signaling in colon cancer cells. Moreover, EpEX and HGF cooperatively mediate HGFR signaling. Furthermore, EpEX enhances the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastatic potential of colon cancer cells by activating ERK and FAK-AKT signaling pathways, and it further stabilizes active β-catenin and Snail proteins by decreasing GSK3β activity. Finally, we show that the combined treatment of an anti-EpCAM neutralizing antibody (EpAb2-6) and an HGFR inhibitor (crizotinib) significantly inhibits tumor progression and prolongs survival in metastatic and orthotopic animal models of colon cancer. CONCLUSION Our findings illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying EpCAM signaling promotion of colon cancer metastasis, further suggesting that the combination of EpAb2-6 and crizotinib may be an effective strategy for treating cancer patients with high EpCAM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chiu Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sushree Shankar Panda
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Ho
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Saltarella I, Altamura C, Campanale C, Laghetti P, Vacca A, Frassanito MA, Desaphy JF. Anti-Angiogenic Activity of Drugs in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071990. [PMID: 37046651 PMCID: PMC10093708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis represents a pivotal hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) that correlates to patients’ prognosis, overall survival, and drug resistance. Hence, several anti-angiogenic drugs that directly target angiogenic cytokines (i.e., monoclonal antibodies, recombinant molecules) or their cognate receptors (i.e., tyrosine kinase inhibitors) have been developed. Additionally, many standard antimyeloma drugs currently used in clinical practice (i.e., immunomodulatory drugs, bisphosphonates, proteasome inhibitors, alkylating agents, glucocorticoids) show anti-angiogenic effects further supporting the importance of inhibiting angiogenesis from potentiating the antimyeloma activity. Here, we review the most important anti-angiogenic therapies used for the management of MM patients with a particular focus on their pharmacological profile and on their anti-angiogenic effect in vitro and in vivo. Despite the promising perspective, the direct targeting of angiogenic cytokines/receptors did not show a great efficacy in MM patients, suggesting the need to a deeper knowledge of the BM angiogenic niche for the design of novel multi-targeting anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Altamura
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Campanale
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Laghetti
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-François Desaphy
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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5
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Solimando AG, Malerba E, Leone P, Prete M, Terragna C, Cavo M, Racanelli V. Drug resistance in multiple myeloma: Soldiers and weapons in the bone marrow niche. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973836. [PMID: 36212502 PMCID: PMC9533079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is still an incurable disease, despite considerable improvements in treatment strategies, as resistance to most currently available agents is not uncommon. In this study, data on drug resistance in MM were analyzed and led to the following conclusions: resistance occurs via intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, including intraclonal heterogeneity, drug efflux pumps, alterations of drug targets, the inhibition of apoptosis, increased DNA repair and interactions with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, cell adhesion, and the release of soluble factors. Since MM involves the BM, interactions in the MM-BM microenvironment were examined as well, with a focus on the cross-talk between BM stromal cells (BMSCs), adipocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Given the complex mechanisms that drive MM, next-generation treatment strategies that avoid drug resistance must target both the neoplastic clone and its non-malignant environment. Possible approaches based on recent evidence include: (i) proteasome and histone deacetylases inhibitors that not only target MM but also act on BMSCs and osteoclasts; (ii) novel peptide drug conjugates that target both the MM malignant clone and angiogenesis to unleash an effective anti-MM immune response. Finally, the role of cancer stem cells in MM is unknown but given their roles in the development of solid and hematological malignancies, cancer relapse, and drug resistance, their identification and description are of paramount importance for MM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’ of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malerba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carolina Terragna
- ’Seràgnoli’ Institute of Hematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- ’Seràgnoli’ Institute of Hematology, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, ‘Aldo Moro’ University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vito Racanelli,
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6
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Solimando AG, Da Vià MC, Bolli N, Steinbrunn T. The Route of the Malignant Plasma Cell in Its Survival Niche: Exploring “Multiple Myelomas”. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133271. [PMID: 35805041 PMCID: PMC9265748 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence points to multiple myeloma (MM) and its stromal microenvironment using several mechanisms to subvert effective immune and anti-tumor responses. Recent advances have uncovered the tumor-stromal cell influence in regulating the immune-microenvironment and have envisioned targeting these suppressive pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, some subgroups of patients include those with particularly unfavorable prognoses. Biological stratification can be used to categorize patient-, disease- or therapy-related factors, or alternatively, these biological determinants can be included in a dynamic model that customizes a given treatment to a specific patient. Genetic heterogeneity and current knowledge enforce a systematic and comprehensive bench-to-bedside approach. Given the increasing role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in better characterizing the pathogenesis of solid and hematological malignancies, disease relapse, and drug resistance, identifying and describing CSCs is of paramount importance in the management of MM. Even though the function of CSCs is well-known in other cancer types, their role in MM remains elusive. With this review, we aim to provide an update on MM homing and resilience in the bone marrow micro milieu. These data are particularly interesting for clinicians facing unmet medical needs while designing novel treatment approaches for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.)
| | - Matteo Claudio Da Vià
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.C.D.V.); (N.B.)
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.C.D.V.); (N.B.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Torsten Steinbrunn
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (T.S.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.)
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To KKW, Cho WCS. Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor (MET): A Key Player in Chemotherapy Resistance and an Emerging Target for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:269-285. [PMID: 35255791 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220307105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The MET protein is a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase predominately expressed in epithelial cells. Upon binding of its only known ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), MET homodimerizes, phosphorylates, and stimulates intracellular signalling to drive cell proliferation. Amplification or hyperactivation of MET is frequently observed in various cancer types and it is associated with poor response to conventional and targeted chemotherapy. More recently, emerging evidence also suggests that MET/HGF signalling may play an immunosuppressive role and it could confer resistance to cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the preclinical and clinical evidence of MET's role in drug resistance to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Previous clinical trials investigating MET-targeted therapy in unselected or MET-overexpressing cancers yielded mostly unfavourable results. More recent clinical studies focusing on MET exon 14 alterations and MET amplification have produced encouraging treatment responses to MET inhibitor therapy. The translational relevance of MET inhibitor therapy to overcome drug resistance in cancer patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Solimando AG, Kalogirou C, Krebs M. Angiogenesis as Therapeutic Target in Metastatic Prostate Cancer - Narrowing the Gap Between Bench and Bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842038. [PMID: 35222436 PMCID: PMC8866833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been extensively investigated as a promising druggable biological process. Nonetheless, targeting angiogenesis has failed to impact overall survival (OS) in patients with mCRPC despite promising preclinical and early clinical data. This discrepancy prompted a literature review highlighting the tumor heterogeneity and biological context of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Narrowing the gap between the bench and bedside appears critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Searching clinicaltrials.gov for studies examining angiogenesis inhibition in patients with PCa resulted in n=20 trials with specific angiogenesis inhibitors currently recruiting (as of September 2021). Moreover, several other compounds with known anti-angiogenic properties - such as Metformin or Curcumin - are currently investigated. In general, angiogenesis-targeting strategies in PCa include biomarker-guided treatment stratification - as well as combinatorial approaches. Beyond established angiogenesis inhibitors, PCa therapies aiming at PSMA (Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen) hold the promise to have a substantial anti-angiogenic effect - due to PSMA´s abundant expression in tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Charis Kalogirou
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krebs
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Solimando AG, Da Vià MC, Leone P, Borrelli P, Croci GA, Tabares P, Brandl A, Di Lernia G, Bianchi FP, Tafuri S, Steinbrunn T, Balduini A, Melaccio A, De Summa S, Argentiero A, Rauert-Wunderlich H, Frassanito MA, Ditonno P, Henke E, Klapper W, Ria R, Terragna C, Rasche L, Rosenwald A, Kortüm MK, Cavo M, Ribatti D, Racanelli V, Einsele H, Vacca A, Beilhack A. Halting the vicious cycle within the multiple myeloma ecosystem: blocking JAM-A on bone marrow endothelial cells restores angiogenic homeostasis and suppresses tumor progression. Haematologica 2021; 106:1943-1956. [PMID: 32354870 PMCID: PMC8252928 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.239913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of malignant multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells with the microenvironment control MM plasma-cell growth, survival, drug-resistance and dissemination. As microvascular density increases in the bone marrow in MM, we investigated whether bone marrow MM endothelial cells control disease progression via the junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A). Membrane and cytoplasmic JAM-A levels were upregulated in MM endothelial cells in 111 patients with newly diagnosed MM and in 201 with relapsed/refractory MM compared to the levels in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and healthy controls. Elevated membrane expression of JAM-A on MM endothelial cells predicted poor clinical outcome. Mechanistically, addition of recombinant JAM-A to MM endothelial cells increased angiogenesis, whereas inhibition of this adhesion molecule impaired angiogenesis and MM growth in two-dimensional and three-dimensional in vitro cell cultures and chorioallantoic membrane assays. To corroborate these findings, we treated MM-bearing mice with a JAM-A-blocking monoclonal antibody and demonstrated impaired MM progression, corresponding to decreased MM-related vascularity. These findings support the concept that JAM-A is an important mediator of MM progression through facilitating MM-associated angiogenesis. Elevated JAM-A expression on bone marrow endothelial cells is an independent prognostic factor for the survival of both patients with newly diagnosed MM and those with relapsed/refractory MM. Blocking JAM-A restricts angiogenesis in vitro, in utero and in vivo and represents a suitable druggable molecule to halt neo-angiogenesis and MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Solimando
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 2IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II of Bari, Italy; 3University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo C Da Vià
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Leone
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Borrelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio A Croci
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel/University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS, Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paula Tabares
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 7Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Brandl
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 7Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesco P Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Torsten Steinbrunn
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Balduini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy 10Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Erik Henke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel/University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roberto Ria
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Leo Rasche
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin K Kortüm
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michele Cavo
- Institute of Hematology L. and A. Seràgnoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelo Vacca
- University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; 7Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Abstract
The DARPin® drug platform was established with a vision to expand the medical use of biologics beyond what was possible with monoclonal antibodies. It is based on naturally occurring ankyrin repeat domains that are typically building blocks of multifunctional human proteins. The platform allows for the generation of diverse, well-behaved, multifunctional drug candidates. Recent clinical data illustrate the favorable safety profile of the first DARPin® molecules tested in patients. With the positive phase III results of the most advanced DARPin® drug candidate, abicipar, the DARPin® drug platform is potentially about to achieve its first marketing approval. This review highlights some of the key milestones and decisions encountered when transforming the DARPin® platform from an academic concept to a biotech drug pipeline engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Stumpp
- Molecular Partners AG, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Keith M Dawson
- Molecular Partners AG, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - H Kaspar Binz
- Molecular Partners AG, Wagistrasse 14, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland. .,Binz Biotech Consulting GmbH, Lüssirainstrasse 52, 6300, Zug, Switzerland.
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11
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Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment in the majority of solid and haematological malignancies. Resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy is a major clinical problem and substantial research is ongoing into potential methods of overcoming this resistance. One major target, the receptor tyrosine kinase MET, has generated increasing interest with multiple clinical trials in progress. Overexpression of MET is frequently observed in a range of different cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Studies have shown that MET promotes resistance to targeted therapies, including those targeting EGFR, BRAF and MEK. More recently, several reports suggest that MET also contributes to cytotoxic chemotherapy resistance. Here we review the preclinical evidence of MET's role in chemotherapy resistance, the mechanisms by which this resistance is mediated and the translational relevance of MET inhibitor therapy for patients with chemotherapy resistant disease.
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12
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Da Vià MC, Ziccheddu B, Maeda A, Bagnoli F, Perrone G, Bolli N. A Journey Through Myeloma Evolution: From the Normal Plasma Cell to Disease Complexity. Hemasphere 2020; 4:e502. [PMID: 33283171 PMCID: PMC7710229 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of cancer origin and the subsequent tracking of disease evolution represent unmet needs that will soon be within clinical reach. This will provide the opportunity to improve patient's stratification and to personalize treatments based on cancer biology along its life history. In this review, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy with a well-known multi-stage disease course, where such approach can sooner translate into a clinical benefit. We describe novel insights into modes and timing of disease initiation. We dissect the biology of the preclinical and pre-malignant phases, elucidating how knowledge of the genomics of the disease and the composition of the microenvironment allow stratification of patients based on risk of disease progression. Then, we explore cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic drivers of MM evolution to symptomatic disease. Finally, we discuss how this may relate to the development of refractory disease after treatment. By integrating an evolutionary view of myeloma biology with the recent acquisitions on its clonal heterogeneity, we envision a way to drive the clinical management of the disease based on its detailed biological features more than surrogates of disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo C. Da Vià
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bachisio Ziccheddu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bagnoli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Perrone
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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13
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Solimando AG, Summa SD, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis: The Endothelial Cell as a Checkpoint for Immunological Patrolling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113380. [PMID: 33203154 PMCID: PMC7696032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinical decision and study design investigating the level and extent of angiogenesis modulation aimed at vascular normalization without rendering tissues hypoxic is key and represents an unmet medical need. Specifically, determining the active concentration and optimal times of the administration of antiangiogenetic drugs is crucial to inhibit the growth of any microscopic residual tumor after surgical resection and in the pre-malignant and smolder neoplastic state. This review uncovers the pre-clinical translational insights crucial to overcome the caveats faced so far while employing anti-angiogenesis. This literature revision also explores how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium harm the crosstalk with an effective immune cell response, envisioning a novel combination with other anti-cancer drugs and immunomodulatory agents. These insights hold vast potential to both repress tumorigenesis and unleash an effective immune response. Abstract Cancer-associated neo vessels’ formation acts as a gatekeeper that orchestrates the entrance and egress of patrolling immune cells within the tumor milieu. This is achieved, in part, via the directed chemokines’ expression and cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface that attract and retain circulating leukocytes. The crosstalk between adaptive immune cells and the cancer endothelium is thus essential for tumor immune surveillance and the success of immune-based therapies that harness immune cells to kill tumor cells. This review will focus on the biology of the endothelium and will explore the vascular-specific molecular mediators that control the recruitment, retention, and trafficking of immune cells that are essential for effective antitumor immunity. The literature revision will also explore how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium impair crosstalk with adaptive immune cells and how targeting these abnormalities can improve the success of immune-based therapies for different malignancies, with a particular focus on the paradigmatic example represented by multiple myeloma. We also generated and provide two original bio-informatic analyses, in order to sketch the physiopathology underlying the endothelial–neoplastic interactions in an easier manner, feeding into a vicious cycle propagating disease progression and highlighting novel pathways that might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
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14
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McCullough D, Atofanei C, Knight E, Trim SA, Trim CM. Kinome scale profiling of venom effects on cancer cells reveals potential new venom activities. Toxicon 2020; 185:129-146. [PMID: 32682827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel and relevant cancer therapeutics is continuous and ongoing. Cancer adaptations, resulting in therapeutic treatment failures, fuel this continuous necessity for new drugs to novel targets. Recently, researchers have started to investigate the effect of venoms and venom components on different types of cancer, investigating their mechanisms of action. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) comprise a family of highly conserved and functionally important druggable targets for cancer therapy. This research exploits the novelty of complex venom mixtures to affect phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and related RTK family members, dually identifying new activities and unexplored avenues for future cancer and venom research. Six whole venoms from diverse species taxa, were evaluated for their ability to illicit changes in the phosphorylated expression of a panel of 49 commonly expressed RTKs. The triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 was treated with optimised venom doses, pre-determined by SDS PAGE and Western blot analysis. The phosphorylated expression levels of 49 RTKs in response to the venoms were assessed with the use of Human Phospho-RTK Arrays and analysed using ImageLab 5.2.1 analysis software (BioRad). Inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation occurred with treatment of venom from Acanthoscurria geniculata (Theraphosidae), Heterometrus swammerdami (Scorpionidae), Crotalus durissus vegrandis (Crotalidae) and Naja naja (Elapidae). Western green mamba Dendroaspis viridis venom increased EGFR phosphorylation. Eph, HGFR and HER were the most affected receptor families by venoms. Whilst the importance of these changes in terms of effect on MDA-MB-468 cells' long-term viability and functionality are still unclear, the findings present exciting opportunities for further investigation as potential drug targets in cancer and as tools to understand better how these pathways interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle McCullough
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Cristina Atofanei
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK
| | - Emily Knight
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK; Life Sciences Industry Liaison laboratory, Canterbury Christ Church University, Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9FF, UK
| | - Steven A Trim
- Venomtech Ltd., Discovery Park, Sandwich, Kent, CT13 9FF, UK
| | - Carol M Trim
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, CT1 1QU, UK.
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15
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Solimando AG, Annese T, Tamma R, Ingravallo G, Maiorano E, Vacca A, Specchia G, Ribatti D. New Insights into Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Pathobiology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071869. [PMID: 32664527 PMCID: PMC7408689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), accounting for about 40% of all cases of NHL. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment is an important aspect of the assessment of the progression of DLBCL. In this review article, we analyzed the role of different cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, including mast cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes, in the tumor progression of DLBCL. We examined several approaches to confront the available pieces of evidence, whereby three key points emerged. DLBCL is a disease of malignant B cells spreading and accumulating both at nodal and at extranodal sites. In patients with both nodal and extranodal lesions, the subsequent induction of a cancer-friendly environment appears pivotal. The DLBCL cell interaction with mature stromal cells and vessels confers tumor protection and inhibition of immune response while delivering nutrients and oxygen supply. Single cells may also reside and survive in protected niches in the nodal and extranodal sites as a source for residual disease and relapse. This review aims to molecularly and functionally recapitulate the DLBCL–milieu crosstalk, to relate niche and pathological angiogenic constitution and interaction factors to DLBCL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080.5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70100 Bari, Italy; (G.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70100 Bari, Italy; (G.I.); (E.M.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Hematology Section, University of Bari Medical School, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080.5478326 (D.R.)
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16
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Zhu C, Shi H, Wu M, Wei X. A dual MET/AXL small-molecule inhibitor exerts efficacy against gastric carcinoma through killing cancer cells as well as modulating tumor microenvironment. MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:103-118. [PMID: 34766112 PMCID: PMC8489669 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases MET and AXL have been implicated in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of multiple malignancies. We performed this study to evaluate the antitumor impact of LY2801653, a dual MET and AXL inhibitor on gastric cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In the present study, tissue microarrays containing gastric cancer tissues were stained with MET and AXL antibodies, which showed the prognostic values of MET and AXL. Administration of LY2801653 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, induced apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Xenograft mouse models showed suppressed cell proliferation of tumors in high MET and AXL expression cells. LY2801653 also inhibited the growth of MET and AXL‐independent cells at higher but clinically relevant doses through decreased angiogenesis and M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for MET and AXL as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. The dual MET/AXL inhibitor LY2801653 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Zhu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China.,Department of Radiation Oncology Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
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17
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Ria R, Melaccio A, Racanelli V, Vacca A. Anti-VEGF Drugs in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1765. [PMID: 32517267 PMCID: PMC7355441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the bone marrow microenvironment and plasma cells plays an essential role in multiple myeloma progression and drug resistance. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathway in vascular endothelial cells activates and promotes angiogenesis. Moreover, VEGF activates and promotes vasculogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry when it interacts with VEGF receptors expressed in precursor cells and inflammatory cells, respectively. In myeloma bone marrow, VEGF and VEGF receptor expression are upregulated and hyperactive in the stromal and tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that several antiangiogenic agents can effectively target VEGF-related pathways in the preclinical phase. However, they are not successful in treating multiple myeloma, probably due to the vicarious action of other cytokines and signaling pathways. Thus, the simultaneous blocking of multiple cytokine pathways, including the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, may represent a valid strategy to treat multiple myeloma. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding the role of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway in multiple myeloma, and mainly focuses on the transcription pathway and on strategies that target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (V.R.); (A.V.)
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18
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Ho M, Bianchi G, Anderson KC. Proteomics-inspired precision medicine for treating and understanding multiple myeloma. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020; 5:67-85. [PMID: 34414281 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1732205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Remarkable progress in molecular characterization methods has led to significant improvements in how we manage multiple myeloma (MM). The introduction of novel therapies has led to significant improvements in overall survival over the past 10 years. However, MM remains incurable and treatment choice is largely based on outdated risk-adaptive strategies that do not factor in improved treatment outcomes in the context of modern therapies. Areas covered This review discusses current risk-adaptive strategies in MM and the clinical application of proteomics in the monitoring of treatment response, disease progression, and minimal residual disease (MRD). We also discuss promising biomarkers of disease progression, treatment response, and chemoresistance. Finally, we will discuss an immunomics-based approach to monoclonal antibody (mAb), vaccine, and CAR-T cell development. Expert opinion It is an exciting era in oncology with basic scientific knowledge translating in novel therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. With the advent of effective immunotherapies and targeted therapies, it has become crucial to identify biomarkers to aid in the stratification of patients based on anticipated sensitivity to chemotherapy. As a paradigm of diseases highly dependent on protein homeostasis, multiple myeloma provides the perfect opportunity to investigate the use of proteomics to aid in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giada Bianchi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Kim J, Jo YH, Jang M, Nguyen NNY, Yun HR, Ko SH, Shin Y, Lee JS, Kang I, Ha J, Choi TG, Kim SS. PAC-5 Gene Expression Signature for Predicting Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111749. [PMID: 31703415 PMCID: PMC6896100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Intratumoural molecular heterogeneity impedes improvement of the overall survival rate. Current pathological staging system is not sufficient to accurately predict prognostic outcomes. Thus, accurate prognostic model for patient survival and treatment decision is demanded. Using differentially expressed gene analysis between normal pancreas and PAC tissues, the cancer-specific genes were identified. A prognostic gene expression model was computed by LASSO regression analysis. The PAC-5 signature (LAMA3, E2F7, IFI44, SLC12A2, and LRIG1) that had significant prognostic value in the overall dataset was established, independently of the pathological stage. We provided evidence that the PAC-5 signature further refined the selection of the PAC patients who might benefit from postoperative therapies. SLC12A2 and LRIG1 interacted with the proteins that were implicated in resistance of EGFR kinase inhibitor. DNA methylation was significantly involved in the gene regulations of the PAC-5 signature. The PAC-5 signature provides new possibilities for improving the personalised therapeutic strategies. We suggest that the PAC-5 genes might be potential drug targets for PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Yong Hwa Jo
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Miran Jang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ngoc Ngo Yen Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Hyeong Rok Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Seok Hoon Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-961-028-7 (T.G.C.); +82-961-052-4 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (N.N.Y.N.); (H.R.Y.); (Y.S.); (I.K.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-961-028-7 (T.G.C.); +82-961-052-4 (S.S.K.)
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20
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High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Integrated Clinical and Omics Approach Dissects the Neoplastic Clone and the Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070997. [PMID: 31323969 PMCID: PMC6678140 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that includes a subgroup of 10–15% of patients facing dismal survival despite the most intensive treatment. Despite improvements in biological knowledge, MM is still an incurable neoplasia, and therapeutic options able to overcome the relapsing/refractory behavior represent an unmet clinical need. The aim of this review is to provide an integrated clinical and biological overview of high-risk MM, discussing novel therapeutic perspectives, targeting the neoplastic clone and its microenvironment. The dissection of the molecular determinants of the aggressive phenotypes and drug-resistance can foster a better tailored clinical management of the high-risk profile and therapy-refractoriness. Among the current clinical difficulties in MM, patients’ management by manipulating the tumor niche represents a major challenge. The angiogenesis and the stromal infiltrate constitute pivotal mechanisms of a mutual collaboration between MM and the non-tumoral counterpart. Immuno-modulatory and anti-angiogenic therapy hold great efficacy, but variable and unpredictable responses in high-risk MM. The comprehensive understanding of the genetic heterogeneity and MM high-risk ecosystem enforce a systematic bench-to-bedside approach. Here, we provide a broad outlook of novel druggable targets. We also summarize the existing multi-omics-based risk profiling tools, in order to better select candidates for dual immune/vasculogenesis targeting.
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21
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Strømme O, Psonka-Antonczyk KM, Stokke BT, Sundan A, Arum CJ, Brede G. Myeloma-derived extracellular vesicles mediate HGF/c-Met signaling in osteoblast-like cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111490. [PMID: 31283912 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer of antibody-producing plasma cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytokine aberrantly expressed in half of myeloma patients, is involved in myeloma pathogenesis by enhancing myeloma growth and invasiveness, and may play a role in myeloma bone disease by inhibiting osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play a role in HGF signaling between myeloma cells and osteoblast-like target cells. EVs from the HGF-positive cell line JJN-3 and the HGF-negative cell line INA-6, and from bone marrow plasma and primary human myeloma cells, were isolated using sequential centrifugation techniques and the presence of HGF on the EV-surface was investigated with ELISA. EVs from both cell lines were added to an established bioassay where HGF is known to induce interleukin-11 secretion in osteoblast-like cells. Our results show that HGF was bound to the surface of JJN-3-derived EVs, while INA-6-derived EVs were negative for HGF. Only JJN-3-derived EVs induced IL-11 secretion in osteoblast-like recipient cells. When osteoblast-like cells were preincubated with a specific HGF-receptor (c-Met) inhibitor, no induction of interleukin-11 was observed. Downstream c-Met phosphorylation was demonstrated by immunoblotting. EVs isolated from bone marrow plasma and primary myeloma cells were HGF-positive for a subset of myeloma patients. Taken together, this work shows for the first time that HGF bound on the surface of myeloma-derived EVs can effectuate HGF/c-Met signaling in osteoblast-like cells. Myeloma-derived EVs may play a role in myeloma bone disease by induction of the osteoclast-activating cytokine interleukin-11 in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Strømme
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Katarzyna M Psonka-Antonczyk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anders Sundan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Carl-Jørgen Arum
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway and Department of Urology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gaute Brede
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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22
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Esposito F, Gillis N, Del Buono N. Orthogonal joint sparse NMF for microarray data analysis. J Math Biol 2019; 79:223-247. [PMID: 31004215 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-019-01355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 3D microarrays, generally known as gene-sample-time microarrays, couple the information on different time points collected by 2D microarrays that measure gene expression levels among different samples. Their analysis is useful in several biomedical applications, like monitoring dose or drug treatment responses of patients over time in pharmacogenomics studies. Many statistical and data analysis tools have been used to extract useful information. In particular, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), with its natural nonnegativity constraints, has demonstrated its ability to extract from 2D microarrays relevant information on specific genes involved in the particular biological process. In this paper, we propose a new NMF model, namely Orthogonal Joint Sparse NMF, to extract relevant information from 3D microarrays containing the time evolution of a 2D microarray, by adding additional constraints to enforce important biological proprieties useful for further biological analysis. We develop multiplicative updates rules that decrease the objective function monotonically, and compare our approach to state-of-the-art NMF algorithms on both synthetic and real data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Esposito
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,INDAM Research Group GNCS, Roma, Italy.
| | - Nicolas Gillis
- Department of Mathematics and Operational Research, Université de Mons, Rue de Houdain 9, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nicoletta Del Buono
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,INDAM Research Group GNCS, Roma, Italy
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23
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Gaule P, Mukherjee N, Corkery B, Eustace AJ, Gately K, Roche S, O'Connor R, O'Byrne KJ, Walsh N, Duffy MJ, Crown J, O'Donovan N. Dasatinib Treatment Increases Sensitivity to c-Met Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E548. [PMID: 30999598 PMCID: PMC6520724 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In pre-clinical studies, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells have demonstrated sensitivity to the multi-targeted kinase inhibitor dasatinib; however, clinical trials with single-agent dasatinib showed limited efficacy in unselected populations of breast cancer, including TNBC. To study potential mechanisms of resistance to dasatinib in TNBC, we established a cell line model of acquired dasatinib resistance (231-DasB). Following an approximately three-month exposure to incrementally increasing concentrations of dasatinib (200 nM to 500 nM) dasatinib, 231-DasB cells were resistant to the agent with a dasatinib IC50 value greater than 5 μM compared to 0.04 ± 0.001 µM in the parental MDA-MB-231 cells. 231-DasB cells also showed resistance (2.2-fold) to the Src kinase inhibitor PD180970. Treatment of 231-DasB cells with dasatinib did not inhibit phosphorylation of Src kinase. The 231-DasB cells also had significantly increased levels of p-Met compared to the parental MDA-MB-231 cells, as measured by luminex, and resistant cells demonstrated a significant increase in sensitivity to the c-Met inhibitor, CpdA, with an IC50 value of 1.4 ± 0.5 µM compared to an IC50 of 6.8 ± 0.2 µM in the parental MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with CpdA decreased p-Met and p-Src in both 231-DasB and MDA-MB-231 cells. Combined treatment with dasatinib and CpdA significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 parental cells and prevented the emergence of dasatinib resistance. If these in vitro findings can be extrapolated to human cancer treatment, combined treatment with dasatinib and a c-Met inhibitor may block the development of acquired resistance and improve response rates to dasatinib treatment in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gaule
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Nupur Mukherjee
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Brendan Corkery
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Alex J Eustace
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Kathy Gately
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Sandra Roche
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Robert O'Connor
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Naomi Walsh
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
| | - Michael J Duffy
- UCD School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - John Crown
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Norma O'Donovan
- Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland.
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24
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Rodrigues-Junior DM, Biassi TP, de Albuquerque GE, Carlin V, Buri MV, Machado-Junior J, Vettore AL. Downregulation of DCC sensitizes multiple myeloma cells to bortezomib treatment. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5023-5029. [PMID: 31059005 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease; a better understanding of the molecular aspects of this hematological malignancy could contribute to the development of new treatment strategies and help to improve the survival rates of patients with MM. Previously, the methylation status of the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene was correlated with the survival rate of patients with MM, thus the main goal of this study was to understand DCC contribution to MM tumorigenesis, and to assess the impact of DCC inhibition in the MM response to treatment with bortezomib. Our results demonstrated that hypermethylation of the DCC promoter inhibits gene expression, and DCC silencing is significantly correlated with a reduction in cell viability and an increase in cell death induced by bortezomib. In conclusion, our results suggested that hypermethylation is an important mechanism of DCC expression regulation in MM and that the absence of DCC contributes to the enhanced sensitivity to treatment with bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Thaís Priscila Biassi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Estrela de Albuquerque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Viviane Carlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Buri
- Department of Biochemistry, Insitute of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, São Paulo 04044‑020, Brazil
| | - Joel Machado-Junior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Vettore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
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25
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Giannoni P, Fais F, Cutrona G, Totero DD. Hepatocyte Growth Factor: A Microenvironmental Resource for Leukemic Cell Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020292. [PMID: 30642077 PMCID: PMC6359660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the progressive expansion of B lymphocytes CD5+/CD23+ in peripheral blood, lymph-nodes, and bone marrow. The pivotal role played by the microenvironment in disease pathogenesis has become increasingly clear. We demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cells and trabecular bone cells sustain survival of leukemic B cells through the production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Indeed the trans-membrane kinase receptor for HGF, c-MET, is expressed on CLL cells and STAT3 TYR705 or AKT phosphorylation is induced after HGF/c-MET interaction. We have further observed that c-MET is also highly expressed in a peculiar type of cells of the CLL-microenvironment showing nurturing features for the leukemic clone (nurse-like cells: NLCs). Since HGF treatment drives monocytes toward the M2 phenotype and NLCs exhibit features of tumor associated macrophages of type 2 we suggested that HGF, released either by cells of the microenvironment or leukemic cells, exerts a double effect: (i) enhances CLL cells survival and (ii) drives differentiation of monocytes-macrophages to an oriented immune suppressive phenotype. We here discuss how paracrine, but also autocrine production of HGF by malignant cells, may favor leukemic clone expansion and resistance to conventional drug treatments in CLL, as well as in other hematological malignancies. Novel therapeutic approaches aimed to block HGF/c-MET interactions are further proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giannoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, V. Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Franco Fais
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, L.go R. Benzi n.10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, L.go R. Benzi n.10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Daniela de Totero
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, L.go R. Benzi n.10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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26
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Homotypic and Heterotypic Activation of the Notch Pathway in Multiple Myeloma-Enhanced Angiogenesis: A Novel Therapeutic Target? Neoplasia 2018; 21:93-105. [PMID: 30529074 PMCID: PMC6282459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of multiple myeloma (MM) cells with endothelial cells (ECs) enhance angiogenesis and MM progression. Here, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in the cross talk between ECs and MM cells enabling angiogenesis. MMECs showed higher expression of Jagged1/2 ligands, of activated Notch1/2 receptors, and of Hes1/Hey1 Notch target genes than ECs from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance patients, suggesting that homotypic activation of Notch pathway occurs in MM. MM cells co-cultured with MMECs triggered Notch activation in these cells through a cell-to-cell contact-dependent way via Jagged1/2, resulting in Hes1/Hey1 overexpression. The angiogenic effect of Notch pathway was analyzed through Notch1/2·siRNAs and the γ-secretase inhibitor MK-0752 by in vitro (adhesion, migration, chemotaxis, angiogenesis) and in vivo (Vk12598/C57B/6 J mouse model) studies. Activated Notch1/2 pathway was associated with the overangiogenic MMEC phenotype: Notch1/2 knockdown or MK-0752 treatment reduced Hes1/Hey1 expression, impairing in vitro angiogenesis of both MMECs alone and co-cultured with MM cells. MM cells were unable to restore angiogenic abilities of treated MMECs, proving that MMEC angiogenic activities closely rely on Notch pathway. Furthermore, Notch1/2 knockdown affected VEGF/VEGFR2 axis, indicating that the Notch pathway interferes with VEGF-mediated control on angiogenesis. MK-0752 reduced secretion of proangiogenic/proinflammatory cytokines in conditioned media, thus inhibiting blood vessel formation in the CAM assay. In the Vk12598/C57B/6 J mouse, MK-0752 treatment restrained angiogenesis by reducing microvessel density. Overall, homotypic and heterotypic Jagged1/2-mediated Notch activation enhances MMECs angiogenesis. Notch axis inhibition blocked angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the Notch pathway may represent a novel therapeutic target in MM.
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27
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Zhang Y, Gao H, Zhou W, Sun S, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Liang L, Xiao X, Song J, Ye M, Yang Y, Zhao J, Wang Z, Liu J. Targeting c-met receptor tyrosine kinase by the DNA aptamer SL1 as a potential novel therapeutic option for myeloma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5978-5990. [PMID: 30353654 PMCID: PMC6237600 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‐met pathway activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and blocking this pathway has been considered a rational therapeutic strategy for treating MM. Aptamers are single‐stranded nucleic acid molecules that fold into complex 3D structures and bind to a variety of targets. Recently, it was reported that DNA aptamer SL1 exhibited high specificity and affinity for c‐met and inhibited HGF/c‐met signaling in SNU‐5 cells. However, as the first c‐met‐targeted DNA aptamer to be identified, application of SL1 to myeloma treatment requires further investigation. Here, we explore the potential application of SL1 in MM. Our results indicated that c‐met expression is gradually increased in MM patients and contributes to poor outcomes. SL1 selectively bound to c‐met‐positive MM cells but not to normal B cells and suppressed the growth, migration and adhesion of MM cells in vitro in a co‐culture model performed with HS5 cells, wherein SL1 inhibited HGF‐induced activation of c‐met signaling. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging showed that SL1 accumulated in the c‐met positive tumour areas. In addition, SL1 was active against CD138+ primary MM cells and displayed a synergistic inhibition effect with bortezomib. Collectively, our data suggested that SL1 could be beneficial as a c‐met targeted antagonist in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Nursing Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sunming Sun
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yayue Zeng
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiao
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhui Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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28
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Ribatti D, Vacca A. New Insights in Anti-Angiogenesis in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072031. [PMID: 30002349 PMCID: PMC6073492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a constant hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) progression and involves direct production of angiogenic cytokines by plasma cells and their induction within the bone marrow microenvironment. This article summarizes the more recent literature data concerning the employment of anti-angiogenic therapeutic agents actually used in preclinical models and clinical settings for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari 70124, Italy.
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29
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Lath DL, Buckle CH, Evans HR, Fisher M, Down JM, Lawson MA, Chantry AD. ARQ-197, a small-molecule inhibitor of c-Met, reduces tumour burden and prevents myeloma-induced bone disease in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199517. [PMID: 29924867 PMCID: PMC6010293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met, its ligand HGF, and components of the downstream signalling pathway, have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of myeloma, both as modulators of plasma cell proliferation and as agents driving osteoclast differentiation and osteoblast inhibition thus, all these contribute substantially to the bone destruction typically caused by myeloma. Patients with elevated levels of HGF have a poor prognosis, therefore, targeting these entities in such patients may be of substantial benefit. We hypothesized that ARQ-197 (Tivantinib), a small molecule c-Met inhibitor, would reduce myeloma cell growth and prevent myeloma-associated bone disease in a murine model. In vitro we assessed the effects of ARQ-197 on myeloma cell proliferation, cytotoxicity and c-Met protein expression in human myeloma cell lines. In vivo we injected NOD/SCID-γ mice with PBS (non-tumour bearing) or JJN3 cells and treated them with either ARQ-197 or vehicle. In vitro exposure of JJN3, U266 or NCI-H929 cells to ARQ-197 resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and an induction of cell death by necrosis, probably caused by significantly reduced levels of phosphorylated c-Met. In vivo ARQ-197 treatment of JJN3 tumour-bearing mice resulted in a significant reduction in tumour burden, tumour cell proliferation, bone lesion number, trabecular bone loss and prevented significant decreases in the bone formation rate on the cortico-endosteal bone surface compared to the vehicle group. However, no significant differences on bone parameters were observed in non-tumour mice treated with ARQ-197 compared to vehicle, implying that in tumour-bearing mice the effects of ARQ-197 on bone cells was indirect. In summary, these res ults suggest that ARQ-197 could be a promising therapeutic in myeloma patients, leading to both a reduction in tumour burden and an inhibition of myeloma-induced bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren L. Lath
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Clive H. Buckle
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Holly R. Evans
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fisher
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny M. Down
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A. Lawson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Chantry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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30
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Wallington-Beddoe CT, Sobieraj-Teague M, Kuss BJ, Pitson SM. Resistance to proteasome inhibitors and other targeted therapies in myeloma. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:11-28. [PMID: 29676460 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The number of novel therapies for the treatment of myeloma is rapidly increasing, as are the clinical trials evaluating them in combination with other novel and established therapies. Proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents and monoclonal antibodies are the most well known and studied classes of novel agents targeting myeloma, with histone deacetylase inhibitors, nuclear export inhibitors and several other approaches also being actively investigated. However, in parallel with the development and clinical use of these novel myeloma therapies is the emergence of novel mechanisms of resistance, many of which remain elusive, particularly for more recently developed agents. Whilst resistance mechanisms have been best studied for proteasome inhibitors, particularly bortezomib, class effects do not universally apply to all class members, and within-class differences in efficacy, toxicity and resistance mechanisms have been observed. Although immunomodulatory agents share the common cellular target cereblon and thus resistance patterns relate to cereblon expression, the unique cell surface antigens to which monoclonal antibodies are directed means these agents frequently exhibit unique within-class differences in clinical efficacy and resistance patterns. This review describes the major classes of novel therapies for myeloma, highlights the major clinical trials within each class and discusses known resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Magdalena Sobieraj-Teague
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bryone J Kuss
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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31
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Lamanuzzi A, Saltarella I, Desantis V, Frassanito MA, Leone P, Racanelli V, Nico B, Ribatti D, Ditonno P, Prete M, Solimando AG, Dammacco F, Vacca A, Ria R. Inhibition of mTOR complex 2 restrains tumor angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20563-20577. [PMID: 29755672 PMCID: PMC5945497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is an intracellular serine/threonine kinase that mediates intracellular metabolism, cell survival and actin rearrangement. mTOR is made of two independent complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, activated by the scaffold proteins RAPTOR and RICTOR, respectively. The activation of mTORC1 triggers protein synthesis and autophagy inhibition, while mTORC2 activation promotes progression, survival, actin reorganization, and drug resistance through AKT hyper-phosphorylation on Ser473. Due to the mTOR pivotal role in the survival of tumor cells, we evaluated its activation in endothelial cells (ECs) from 20 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 47 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), and its involvement in angiogenesis. MM-ECs showed a significantly higher expression of mTOR and RICTOR than MGUS-ECs. These data were supported by the higher activation of mTORC2 downstream effectors, suggesting a major role of mTORC2 in the angiogenic switch to MM. Specific inhibition of mTOR activity through siRNA targeting RICTOR and dual mTOR inhibitor PP242 reduced the MM-ECs angiogenic functions, including cell migration, chemotaxis, adhesion, invasion, in vitro angiogenesis on Matrigel®, and cytoskeleton reorganization. In addition, PP242 treatment showed anti-angiogenic effects in vivo in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) and Matrigel® plug assays. PP242 exhibited a synergistic effect with lenalidomide and bortezomib, suggesting that mTOR inhibition can enhance the anti-angiogenic effect of these drugs. Data to be shown indicate that mTORC2 is involved in MM angiogenesis, and suggest that the dual mTOR inhibitor PP242 may be useful for the anti-angiogenic management of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, General Pathology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Nico
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Dammacco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Internal Medicine Unit G. Baccelli, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Dehghanifard A, Kaviani S, Abroun S, Mehdizadeh M, Saiedi S, Maali A, Ghaffari S, Azad M. Various Signaling Pathways in Multiple Myeloma Cells and Effects of Treatment on These Pathways. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2018; 18:311-320. [PMID: 29606369 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) results from malignancy in plasma cells and occurs at ages > 50 years. MM is the second most common hematologic malignancy after non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which constitutes 1% of all malignancies. Despite the great advances in the discovery of useful drugs for this disease such as dexamethasone and bortezomib, it is still an incurable malignancy owing to the development of drug resistance. The tumor cells develop resistance to apoptosis, resulting in greater cell survival, and, ultimately, develop drug resistance by changing the various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have reviewed the different signaling pathways in MM cells. We reached the conclusion that the most important factor in the drug resistance in MM patients is caused by the bone marrow microenvironment with production of adhesion molecules and cytokines. Binding of tumor cells to stromal cells prompts cytokine production of stromal cells and launches various signaling pathways such as Janus-activated kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription, Ras/Raf/MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase/AKT, and NF-KB, which ultimately lead to the high survival rate and drug resistance in tumor cells. Thus, combining various drugs such as bortezomib, dexamethasone, lenalidomide, and melphalan with compounds that are not common, including CTY387, LLL-12, OPB31121, CNTO328, OSI-906, FTY720, triptolide, and AV-65, could be one of the most effective treatments for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghanifard
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajedeh Saiedi
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sasan Ghaffari
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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33
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Abdi J, Jian H, Chang H. Role of micro-RNAs in drug resistance of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60723-60735. [PMID: 27494872 PMCID: PMC5312415 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While novel therapeutic approaches have profoundly improved survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, drug resistance and treatment refractoriness still persists. This obstacle highly demands thorough investigation into the root and underlying molecular mechanisms to develop more effective strategies. The advent of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in the study of cancer biology and pathogenesis in recent years has revolutionized therapy in this field and particularly opened new windows to further understanding of tumor drug resistance. However; in spite of the fact that miRNAs involvement in MM pathogenesis and progression has been substantially evidenced, miRNA investigation in MM drug resistance is still in its infancy. Our knowledge of the potential role of miRNAs in MM drug resistance comes from few recent reports confirming that some miRNAs including miR-137/197, miR-21 and miR-221/222 could negatively modulate drug sensitivity of MM cells. Further continuous researches are required to exploit miRNAs to elucidate the critical mechanisms controlling drug resistance in MM. In this review, we will highlight the most recent observations on the role of miRNAs in MM drug resistance. Moreover, approaches and insights into clinical application of miRNAs to overcome MM drug resistance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Abdi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hou Jian
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Microenvironment drug resistance in multiple myeloma: emerging new players. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60698-60711. [PMID: 27474171 PMCID: PMC5312413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) drug resistance (DR) is a multistep transformation process based on a powerful interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells that allows the latter to escape anti-myeloma therapies. Here we present an overview of the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in both soluble factors-mediated drug resistance (SFM-DR) and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), focusing on the role of new players, namely miRNAs, exosomes and cancer-associated fibroblasts.
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35
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Replenishing exosomes from older bone marrow stromal cells with miR-340 inhibits myeloma-related angiogenesis. Blood Adv 2017; 1:812-823. [PMID: 29296725 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the exosomes they secrete is considered promising for cancer therapy. However, little is known about the effect of donor age on BMSCs. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of BMSC exosomes derived from donors of different ages using an in vivo model of hypoxic bone marrow in multiple myeloma (MM). We found that donor age was strongly related to senescent changes in BMSCs. Exosomes derived from young BMSCs significantly inhibited MM-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs. The exosomal microRNA (miRNA) expression profile was different between young and older BMSCs, despite similarities in the size and quantity of exosomes. Of note was the observation that the antiangiogenic effect of older BMSCs was enhanced by direct transfection of miR-340 that was preferentially expressed in exosomes derived from young BMSCs. We found that miR-340 inhibited angiogenesis via the hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET (HGF/c-MET) signaling pathway in endothelial cells. Our data provide new insights into exosome-based cancer therapy by modification of BMSC-derived exosomes.
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36
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Baljevic M, Zaman S, Baladandayuthapani V, Lin YH, de Partovi CM, Berkova Z, Amini B, Thomas SK, Shah JJ, Weber DM, Fu M, Cleeland CS, Wang XS, Stellrecht CM, Davis RE, Gandhi V, Orlowski RZ. Phase II study of the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib (ARQ 197) in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:977-985. [PMID: 28337527 PMCID: PMC5406425 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET pathway has been implicated in the pathobiology of multiple myeloma, and c-MET inhibitors induce myeloma cell apoptosis, suggesting that they could be useful clinically. We conducted a phase II study with the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib in patients with relapsed, or relapsed and refractory myeloma whose disease had progressed after one to four prior therapies. Tivantinib, 360 mg orally per dose, was administered twice daily continuously over a 4-week treatment cycle without a cap on the number of allowed cycles, barring undue toxicities or disease progression. Primary objectives were to determine the overall response rate and the toxicities of tivantinib in this patient population. Sixteen patients were enrolled in a two-stage design. Notable grade 3 and 4 hematological adverse events were limited to neutropenia in five and four patients, respectively. Nonhematological adverse events of grade 3 or higher included hypertension (in four patients); syncope, infection, and pain (two each); and fatigue, cough, and pulmonary embolism (one each). Four of 11 evaluable patients (36%) had stable disease as their best response, while the remainder showed disease progression. Overall, tivantinib as a single agent did not show promise for unselected relapsed/refractory myeloma patients. However, the ability to achieve stable disease does suggest that combination regimens incorporating targeted inhibitors in patients with c-MET pathway activation could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Baljevic
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shadia Zaman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yan Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Zuzana Berkova
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Behrang Amini
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheeba K Thomas
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jatin J Shah
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Weber
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Fu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S Cleeland
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Shelley Wang
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Stellrecht
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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37
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Qin Y, Roszik J, Chattopadhyay C, Hashimoto Y, Liu C, Cooper ZA, Wargo JA, Hwu P, Ekmekcioglu S, Grimm EA. Hypoxia-Driven Mechanism of Vemurafenib Resistance in Melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2442-2454. [PMID: 27458138 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is molecularly and structurally heterogeneous, with some tumor cells existing under hypoxic conditions. Our cell growth assays showed that under controlled hypoxic conditions, BRAF(V600E) melanoma cells rapidly became resistant to vemurafenib. By employing both a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model and a two-dimensional (2D) hypoxic culture system to model hypoxia in vivo, we identified upregulation of HGF/MET signaling as a major mechanism associated with vemurafenib resistance as compared with 2D standard tissue culture in ambient air. We further confirmed that the upregulation of HGF/MET signaling was evident in drug-resistant melanoma patient tissues and mouse xenografts. Pharmacologic inhibition of the c-Met/Akt pathway restored the sensitivity of melanoma spheroids or 2D hypoxic cultures to vemurafenib. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2442-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chandrani Chattopadhyay
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuuri Hashimoto
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chengwen Liu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zachary A Cooper
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Grimm
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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38
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IOANNOU NIKOLAOS, SEDDON ALANM, DALGLEISH ANGUS, MACKINTOSH DAVID, SOLCA FLAVIO, MODJTAHEDI HELMOUT. Acquired resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to treatment with gemcitabine and HER-inhibitors is accompanied by increased sensitivity to STAT3 inhibition. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:908-18. [PMID: 26781210 PMCID: PMC4750538 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistance is a major contributing factor for the poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. We have shown previously that the irreversible ErbB family blocker afatinib, is more effective than the reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in inhibiting the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells. The aim of this study was to develop human pancreatic cancer cell (BxPc3) variants with acquired resistance to treatment with gemcitabine, afatinib, or erlotinib, and to investigate the molecular changes that accompany the acquisition of a drug-resistant phenotype. We also investigated the therapeutic potential of various agents in the treatment of such drug-resistant variants. Three variant forms of BxPc3 cells with acquired resistance to gemcitabine (BxPc3GEM), afatinib (BxPc3AFR) or erlotinib (BxPc3OSIR) were developed following treatment with increasing doses of such drugs. The expression level, mutational and phosphorylation status of various growth factor receptors and downstream cell signaling molecules were determined by FACS, human phopsho-RTK array, and western blot analysis while the sulforhodamine B assay was used for determining the effect of various agents on the growth of such tumours. We found that all three BxPc3 variants with acquired resistance to gemcitabine (BxPc3GEM), afatinib (BxPc3AFR) or erlotinib (BxPc3OSIR) also become less sensitive to treatment with the two other agents. Acquisition of resistance to these agents was accompanied by upregulation of p-c-MET, p-STAT3, CD44, increased autocrine production of EGFR ligand amphiregulin and differential activation status of EGFR tyrosine residues as well as downregulation of total and p-SRC. Of all therapeutic interventions examined, including the addition of an anti-EGFR antibody ICR62, an anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody, and of STAT3 or c-MET inhibitors, only treatment with the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic produced a higher growth inhibitory effect in all three drug-resistant variants. In addition, treatment with a combination of afatinib with either c-MET inhibitor Crizotinib or Stattic resulted in an additive or synergistic growth inhibition in all three variants. Our results suggest that activation of STAT3 may play an important role in the acquisition of resistance to gemcitabine and HER inhibitors in pancreatic cancer and warrant further studies on the therapeutic potential of STAT3 inhibitors in such a setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- NIKOLAOS IOANNOU
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston
| | - ALAN M. SEDDON
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston
| | - ANGUS DALGLEISH
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - DAVID MACKINTOSH
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston
| | - FLAVIO SOLCA
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - HELMOUT MODJTAHEDI
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston
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Abstract
Unprecedented advances in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy during the last 15 years are predominantly based on our increasing understanding of the pathophysiologic role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Indeed, new treatment paradigms, which incorporate thalidomide, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and proteasome inhibitors, target the tumor cell as well as its BM microenvironment. Ongoing translational research aims to understand in more detail how disordered BM-niche functions contribute to MM pathogenesis and to identify additional derived targeting agents. One of the most exciting advances in the field of MM treatment is the emergence of immune therapies including elotuzumab, daratumumab, the immune checkpoint inhibitors, Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTes), and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. This chapter will review our knowledge on the pathophysiology of the BM microenvironment and discuss derived novel agents that hold promise to further improve outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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40
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Zaman S, Shentu S, Yang J, He J, Orlowski RZ, Stellrecht CM, Gandhi V. Targeting the pro-survival protein MET with tivantinib (ARQ 197) inhibits growth of multiple myeloma cells. Neoplasia 2015; 17:289-300. [PMID: 25810013 PMCID: PMC4372650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/MNNG HOS transforming gene (MET) pathway regulates cell growth, survival, and migration. MET is mutated or amplified in several malignancies. In myeloma, MET is not mutated, but patients have high plasma concentrations of HGF, high levels of MET expression, and gene copy number, which are associated with poor prognosis and advanced disease. Our previous studies demonstrated that MET is critical for myeloma cell survival and its knockdown induces apoptosis. In our current study, we tested tivantinib (ARQ 197), a small-molecule pharmacological MET inhibitor. At clinically achievable concentrations, tivantinib induced apoptosis by > 50% in all 12 human myeloma cell lines tested. This biologic response was associated with down-regulation of MET signaling and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways, which are downstream of the HGF/MET axis. Tivantinib was equally effective in inducing apoptosis in myeloma cell lines resistant to standard chemotherapy (melphalan, dexamethasone, bortezomib, and lenalidomide) as well as in cells that were co-cultured with a protective bone marrow microenvironment or with exogenous cytokines. Tivantinib induced apoptosis in CD138 + plasma cells from patients and demonstrated efficacy in a myeloma xenograft mouse model. On the basis of these data, we initiated a clinical trial for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). In conclusion, MET inhibitors may be an attractive target-based strategy for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Zaman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shujun Shentu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Stellrecht
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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41
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Halting pro-survival autophagy by TGFβ inhibition in bone marrow fibroblasts overcomes bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma patients. Leukemia 2015; 30:640-8. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Bill KLJ, Garnett J, Ma X, May C, Bolshakov S, Lazar AJ, Lev D, Pollock RE. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor as a potential therapeutic target for dedifferentiated liposarcoma. J Transl Med 2015; 95:951-61. [PMID: 26006023 PMCID: PMC4520775 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies, with surgical resection remaining the classic treatment strategy; therefore, there is a pressing need for novel anti-DDLPS-targeted chemotherapeutics. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) expression is elevated in DDLPS, but the functional role of Met signaling in this disease is not known. We found that the in vitro stimulation of DDLPS cells with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) elevated the degree of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway signaling, and that pro-tumorigenic phenotypes such as cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly enhanced. Conversely, Met knockdown using shRNA-mediated interference decreased HGF-induced Met signaling, the invasive and migratory nature of DDLPS cells in vitro, and the tumorigenicity of DDLPS cells in vivo. These data strongly support the role for Met as a DDLPS therapeutic target. To that end, using EMD1214063, an ATP-competitive kinase inhibitor that targets Met more specifically than other kinases, inhibited Met-dependent signaling, reduced the oncogenicity of DDLPS cells in vitro, and significantly increased the survival of nude mice bearing subcutaneous DDLPS xenografts. These findings support further investigations of HGF-induced Met signaling inhibition in DDLPS, as a potential strategy to enhance clinical outcomes for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lynn J. Bill
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeannine Garnett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caitlin May
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Svetlana Bolshakov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dina Lev
- Department of Surgery, The Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael E. Pollock
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), Houston, TX, USA
- The Sarcoma Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA
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Gambella M, Palumbo A, Rocci A. MET/HGF pathway in multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to targeted therapy? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:881-93. [PMID: 25967746 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1046436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between neoplastic cells and the microenvironment is critical in several cancers and plays a central role in multiple myeloma. Microenvironmental stimuli support plasma cell proliferation, survival, motility and can determine drug resistance. The network between plasma cells and surrounding cells is also responsible for increasing angiogenesis, unbalancing bone formation and bony lesions. The MET/HGF pathway is a key player in this interaction and has been found to be abnormally active in both malignant plasma cells and surrounding cells. Patients with abnormal MET and/or HGF levels usually have a poor outcome even when treated with novel drugs. This review addresses the role of MET/HGF in the pathogenesis of myeloma and describes the role of MET/HGF signaling as a prognostic factor. The different techniques to detect MET/HGF abnormalities are examined and a description of compounds targeting MET/HGF is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gambella
- Myeloma Unit, Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Jung KA, Choi BH, Kwak MK. The c-MET/PI3K signaling is associated with cancer resistance to doxorubicin and photodynamic therapy by elevating BCRP/ABCG2 expression. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:465-76. [PMID: 25534417 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.096065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of BCRP/ABCG2, a xenobiotic efflux transporter, is associated with anticancer drug resistance in tumors. Proto-oncogene c-MET induces cancer cell proliferation, motility, and survival, and its aberrant activation was found to be a prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancers. In the present study, we investigated the potential crossresistance of doxorubicin-resistant ovarian cancer cells to the pheophorbide a (Pba)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT), and suggest c-MET and BCRP/ABCG2 overexpression as an underlying molecular mechanism. The doxorubicin-resistant A2780 cell line (A2780DR), which was established by incubating A2780 with stepwise increasing concentrations of doxorubicin, showed low levels of cellular Pba accumulation and reactive oxygen species generation, and was more resistant to PDT cytotoxicity than A2780. In a microarray analysis, BCRP/ABCG2 was found to be the only drug transporter whose expression was upregulated in A2780DR; this increase was confirmed by Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses. As functional evidence, the treatment with a BCRP/ABCG2-specific inhibitor reversed A2780DR resistance to both doxorubicin and PDT. We identified that c-MET increase is related to BCRP/ABCG2 activation. The c-MET downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling was activated in A2780DR and the inhibition of PI3K/AKT or c-MET repressed resistance to doxorubicin and PDT. Finally, we showed that the pharmacological and genetic inhibition of c-MET diminished levels of BCRP/ABCG2 in A2780DR. Moreover, c-MET inhibition could repress BCRP/ABCG2 expression in breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 and colon carcinoma HT29, resulting in sensitization to doxorubicin. Collectively, our results provide a novel link of c-MET overexpression to BCRP/ABCG2 activation, suggesting that this mechanism leads to crossresistance to both chemotherapy and PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ah Jung
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (K.-A.J., B.C., M.-K.K.)
| | - Bo-Hyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (K.-A.J., B.C., M.-K.K.)
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea (K.-A.J., B.C., M.-K.K.)
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Satoh K, Nimura S, Aoki M, Hamasaki M, Koga K, Iwasaki H, Yamashita Y, Kataoka H, Nabeshima K. Tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma assessed by cytokeratin immunostaining and budding areas: possible involvement of c-Met. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1487-95. [PMID: 25220207 PMCID: PMC4462370 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor budding/sprouting has been shown to be an independent adverse prognostic factor in T1 and T3N0 colorectal carcinomas, however, its assessment could be improved by more accurate identification of budding carcinoma cells and consideration of budding areas. Moreover, tumor budding mechanisms are yet to be defined. In this study, we evaluated the identification of budding tumor cells by either H&E staining alone or H&E with immunohistochemistry and developed a scoring system based on budding grades and areas. We examined whether the budding score correlated with clinicopathologic features and prognosis and the association between tumor budding/sprouting and c-Met protein expression and phosphorylation and MET gene copy numbers because c-Met is known to play an important role in colorectal carcinoma tumorigenesis. Cytokeratin immunohistochemistry could identify tumors with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) from the low-grade budding group assessed with H&E alone. High budding scores based on budding grade and area were more significantly correlated with DFS than scores obtained using the budding grade alone. In tumors with a high budding score, c-Met expression and phosphorylation levels and MET gene copy numbers were significantly increased at the invasive front compared with those in superficial tumor portions. This study showed for the first time that high levels of phospho-c-Met at the invasive front were significantly associated with a high budding score and shorter DFS. In conclusion, a budding score assessed by budding grades and budding-positive areas correlates highly with clinicopathologic aggressive features of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Satoh
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine and Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine and Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ferrucci A, Moschetta M, Frassanito MA, Berardi S, Catacchio I, Ria R, Racanelli V, Caivano A, Solimando AG, Vergara D, Maffia M, Latorre D, Rizzello A, Zito A, Ditonno P, Maiorano E, Ribatti D, Vacca A. A HGF/cMET autocrine loop is operative in multiple myeloma bone marrow endothelial cells and may represent a novel therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5796-807. [PMID: 25212607 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the angiogenic role of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMET pathway and its inhibition in bone marrow endothelial cells (EC) from patients with multiple myeloma versus from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or benign anemia (control group). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The HGF/cMET pathway was evaluated in ECs from patients with multiple myeloma (multiple myeloma ECs) at diagnosis, at relapse after bortezomib- or lenalidomide-based therapies, or on refractory phase to these drugs; in ECs from patients with MGUS (MGECs); and in those patients from the control group. The effects of a selective cMET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (SU11274) on multiple myeloma ECs' angiogenic activities were studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Multiple myeloma ECs express more HGF, cMET, and activated cMET (phospho (p)-cMET) at both RNA and protein levels versus MGECs and control ECs. Multiple myeloma ECs are able to maintain the HGF/cMET pathway activation in absence of external stimulation, whereas treatment with anti-HGF and anti-cMET neutralizing antibodies (Ab) is able to inhibit cMET activation. The cMET pathway regulates several multiple myeloma EC activities, including chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, spreading, and whole angiogenesis. Its inhibition by SU11274 impairs these activities in a statistically significant fashion when combined with bortezomib or lenalidomide, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS An autocrine HGF/cMET loop sustains multiple myeloma angiogenesis and represents an appealing new target to potentiate the antiangiogenic management of patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Ferrucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Berardi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Ivana Catacchio
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Dominga Latorre
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonia Rizzello
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alfredo Zito
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, Di Venere Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, and National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
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Targeting phospho-MARCKS overcomes drug-resistance and induces antitumor activity in preclinical models of multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2014; 29:715-26. [PMID: 25179733 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable in virtually all patients due to the presence of innate and emergent drug-resistance. To identify potential drug resistance mechanisms in MM we used iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) mass spectrometry to compare protein expression profiles of drug-resistant (RPMI 8226-R5) and sensitive (RPMI 8226-S) isogenic cell lines. We identified selective overexpression of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) in drug-resistant R5 cells. MARCKS overexpression was also observed in several drug-resistant human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and in drug-resistant primary MM samples. Functionally, inhibition of MARCKS phosphorylation by enzastaurin or knockdown of the gene by RNAi significantly enhanced the sensitivity of resistant HMCLs and primary MM samples to bortezomib and to other anti-myeloma drugs, providing evidence that MARCKS can modulate drug response. Mechanistically, pMARCKS (phosphorylated form of MARCKS) was found to function as an E2F-1 cofactor to regulate SKP2 transcription. pMARCKS promoted cell-cycle progression by facilitating SKP2 expression, suppressing p27(Kip1) and potentially counteracting drug-induced cell-cycle arrest by promoting Cyclin E/CDK2 activity. Importantly, MARCKS knockdown in combination with bortezomib treatment overcame bortezomib resistance, significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged host survival in a MM xenograft model. These data provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting of pMARCKS to improve the outcome of patients with refractory/relapsed MM.
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The Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/Met Axis: A Neglected Target in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1631-69. [PMID: 25119536 PMCID: PMC4190560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Met is the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytoprotective cytokine. Disturbing the equilibrium between Met and its ligand may lead to inappropriate cell survival, accumulation of genetic abnormalities and eventually, malignancy. Abnormal activation of the HGF/Met axis is established in solid tumours and in chronic haematological malignancies, including myeloma, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for the abnormal activation of HGF/Met pathways are described and discussed. Importantly, inCML and in MPNs, the production of HGF is independent of Bcr-Abl and JAK2V617F, the main molecular markers of these diseases. In vitro studies showed that blocking HGF/Met function with neutralizing antibodies or Met inhibitors significantly impairs the growth of JAK2V617F-mutated cells. With personalised medicine and curative treatment in view, blocking activation of HGF/Met could be a useful addition in the treatment of CML and MPNs for those patients with high HGF/MET expression not controlled by current treatments (Bcr-Abl inhibitors in CML; phlebotomy, hydroxurea, JAK inhibitors in MPNs).
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Preusser M, Streubel B, Berghoff AS, Hainfellner JA, von Deimling A, Widhalm G, Dieckmann K, Wöhrer A, Hackl M, Zielinski C, Birner P. Amplification and overexpression of CMET is a common event in brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer. Histopathology 2014; 65:684-92. [PMID: 25039982 DOI: 10.1111/his.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CMET represents an emerging therapy target for monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We investigated CMET gene amplification status by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and CMET protein expression by immunohistochemistry in a large series of 209 NSCLC brain metastases (BM; 165 adenocarcinoma, 20 squamous cell carcinoma, 11 adenosquamous carcinomas, 11 large cell carcinomas and two large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas) and correlated our results to clinic-pathological parameters and molecular data from previous studies. RESULTS We found CMET gene amplification in 36/167 (21.6%) and CMET protein expression in 87/196 (44.4%) of evaluable BM. There was a strong correlation between the presence of CMET gene amplification and CMET protein expression (P < 0.001, chi-square test). Furthermore, presence of CMET amplification correlated positively with presence of ALK amplifications (P = 0.039, chi-square test) and high HIF1 alpha index (P = 0.013, Mann-Whitney U-test). Neither CMET expression nor CMET gene amplification status correlated with patient outcome parameters or known prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS CMET overexpression and CMET amplification are commonly found in NSCLC BM and may represent a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Preusser
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, CNS Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Niepel M, Hafner M, Pace EA, Chung M, Chai DH, Zhou L, Schoeberl B, Sorger PK. Profiles of Basal and stimulated receptor signaling networks predict drug response in breast cancer lines. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra84. [PMID: 24065145 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying factors responsible for variation in drug response is essential for the effective use of targeted therapeutics. We profiled signaling pathway activity in a collection of breast cancer cell lines before and after stimulation with physiologically relevant ligands, which revealed the variability in network activity among cells of known genotype and molecular subtype. Despite the receptor-based classification of breast cancer subtypes, we found that the abundance and activity of signaling proteins in unstimulated cells (basal profile), as well as the activity of proteins in stimulated cells (signaling profile), varied within each subtype. Using a partial least-squares regression approach, we constructed models that significantly predicted sensitivity to 23 targeted therapeutics. For example, one model showed that the response to the growth factor receptor ligand heregulin effectively predicted the sensitivity of cells to drugs targeting the cell survival pathway mediated by PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and Akt, whereas the abundance of Akt or the mutational status of the enzymes in the pathway did not. Thus, basal and signaling protein profiles may yield new biomarkers of drug sensitivity and enable the identification of appropriate therapies in cancers characterized by similar functional dysregulation of signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Niepel
- HMS LINCS Center Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marc Hafner
- HMS LINCS Center Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Emily A Pace
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mirra Chung
- HMS LINCS Center Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Diana H Chai
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lili Zhou
- HMS LINCS Center Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Peter K Sorger
- HMS LINCS Center Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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