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Zhang Y, He J, Jin J, Ren C. Recent advances in the application of metallomics in diagnosis and prognosis of human cancer. Metallomics 2022; 14:6596881. [PMID: 35648480 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metals play a critical role in human health and diseases. In recent years, metallomics has been introduced and extensively applied to investigate the distribution, regulation, function, and crosstalk of metal(loid) ions in various physiological and pathological processes. Based on high-throughput multielemental analytical techniques and bioinformatics methods, it is possible to elucidate the correlation between the metabolism and homeostasis of diverse metals and complex diseases, in particular for cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progress made in the application of metallomics in cancer research. We mainly focuses on the studies about metallomic profiling of different human biological samples for several major types of cancer, which reveal distinct and dynamic patterns of metal ion contents and the potential benefits of using such information in the detection and prognosis of these malignancies. Elevated levels of copper appear to be a significant risk factor for various cancers, and each type of cancer has a unique distribution of metals in biofluids, hair/nails, and tumor-affected tissues. Furthermore, associations between genetic variations in representative metalloprotein genes and cancer susceptibility have also been demonstrated. Overall, metallomics not only offers a better understanding of the relationship between metal dyshomeostasis and the development of cancer but also facilitates the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jie He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Cihan Ren
- Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100052, P. R. China
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2
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Fukutani T, Toratani S, Kanda T, Matsui K, Yamasaki S, Sumi K, Ogawa I, Yanamoto S. Two Cases of Temporomandibular Synovial Chondromatosis Associated with Gli1 Gene Mutation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084702. [PMID: 35457572 PMCID: PMC9030668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare benign disease involving multifocal generation of ectopic cartilage in the synovial tissue. Herein, we report two cases of SC in the temporomandibular joint: a 38-year-old woman (patient 1) and 39-year-old woman (patient 2). Both patients had trismus, jaw joint noises, and jaw-opening pain in the temporomandibular joint. Cone-beam computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patient 1 showed multiple calcified loose bodies around the right mandibular condyle. In addition, CT and MRI in patient 2 showed multiple calcified loose bodies around the left mandibular condyle and temporal bone perforation. Following establishing a diagnosis of SC, both patients underwent tumor resection via open surgery. In immunohistochemical examinations of the resected tissues, tumor cells showed intense nuclear staining with labeled anti-Gli1 antibody. Gene sequencing revealed that both patients had a homozygous mutation in the Gli1 gene (rs2228226 G>C). In conclusion, we suggest that the Gli1 gene (rs2228226 G>C) may be involved in the etiology of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Fukutani
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.T.); (S.Y.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)-82-257-5667
| | - Shigeaki Toratani
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.T.); (S.Y.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Taku Kanda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8530, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Kensaku Matsui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8530, Japan; (T.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Sachiko Yamasaki
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.T.); (S.Y.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kensaku Sumi
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.T.); (S.Y.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.T.); (S.Y.); (K.S.); (S.Y.)
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GLI-1 polymorphisms of Hedgehog pathway as novel risk and prognostic biomarkers in melanoma patients. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:11-17. [PMID: 34939981 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In adult organisms, deregulation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is significantly correlated with different malignancies. Currently, data associating genetic polymorphisms in the SHH pathway with melanoma are scarce and largely unknown. The objective of our study was to elucidate an association between gene polymorphisms in the SHH pathway and prognosis of melanoma skin cancer patients. The current study investigated the association of PTCH1 (rs357564), SMO (rs2228617) and GLI1 (rs2228224, rs2228226), polymorphisms with melanoma predisposition and prognosis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed by TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. The study involved 93 melanoma patients and 97 individuals in the control group. Melanoma patients with the variant mutant genotype GG of GLI1 rs2228226 polymorphism had poorer overall survival and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.037, respectively). The multivariate analysis revealed that disease progression [hazard ratio (HR) = 14.434, P = 0.0001] and the GLI1 rs2228226 polymorphism (HR = 4.161, P = 0.006) persisted as independent prognostic factors. Mutated allele carriers (combined heterozygous and mutated genotypes) for GLI1 rs2228224 G and GLI1 rs2228226 G allele significantly increased melanoma risk [odds ratio (OR) = 2.261, P = 0.007; OR = 2.176, P = 0.010]. Our study demonstrated that genetic variants in GLI1, downstream member of the HH signaling pathway, are the risk factors for melanoma susceptibility and it can be a novel marker for melanoma prognosis. As a crucial SHH signaling member, GLI1 can also be regarded as a novel drug target for anti-cancer treatment in melanoma.
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Genetic landscape and ligand-dependent activation of sonic hedgehog-Gli1 signaling in chordomas: a novel therapeutic target. Oncogene 2020; 39:4711-4727. [PMID: 32404987 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma, a rare neoplasm derived from intraosseous notochordal remnants, is unresponsive to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a crucial fetal notochord-secreted morphogen that directs notochordal development. The aim of this study was to determine the functional roles and therapeutic potential of Shh-Gli1 signaling in chordomas. Tissue samples and clinical profiles were collected from 42 patients with chordoma. The chordoma cell lines U-CH1 and MUG-Chor1 were used for functional experiments. Shh-Gli1 signaling pathway genetic alterations were screened, and the functions of the identified novel variants were analyzed using in silico analyses, real-time quantitative PCR, and minigene assays. Ligand-dependent Shh-Gli1 signaling activation was assessed using single- and dual-label immunostaining, western blot analysis, and a Shh-responsive Gli-luciferase reporter assay. The small-molecule inhibitor vismodegib was used to target Shh-Gli1 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Overall, 44 genetic alterations were identified, including four novel variants (c.67_69dupCTG in SMO, c.-6_-4dupGGC and c.3306 + 83_3306 + 84insG in PTCH1, and c.183-67_183-66delinsA in SUFU). Shh, PTCH1, SMO, SUFU, and Gli1 were extensively expressed in chordomas, and higher Gli1 expression correlated with poorer prognosis. A luciferase reporter assay and dual-label immunostaining indicated the occurrence of juxtacrine ligand-dependent Shh-Gli1 signaling activation. Vismodegib significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest. In vivo investigation demonstrated that vismodegib effectively inhibited chordoma xenograft growth. This current preclinical evidence elucidates the therapeutic potential of Shh-Gli1 signaling pathway targeting for chordoma treatment. Vismodegib may be a promising targeted agent, and further clinical trials are warranted.
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Magic M, Zeljic K, Jovandic S, Stepic J, Pejovic M, Colic S, Magic Z, Supic G. Hedgehog signaling pathway and vitamin D receptor gene variants as potential risk factors in odontogenic cystic lesions. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2675-2684. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Genipin suppresses colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101952-101964. [PMID: 29254217 PMCID: PMC5731927 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genipin, a major component of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit, has been shown to inhibit the growth of gastric, prostate, and breast cancers. However, the anti-proliferative activity of genipin in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been characterized. Herein, we demonstrated that genipin inhibits the proliferation of CRC cells and that genipin suppressed the Hedgehog pathway. Further investigation showed that p53 and NOXA protein levels were increased during inhibition of Hedgehog pathway-mediated apoptosis in CRC cells. We also showed that p53 modulated the expression of NOXA during genipin-induced apoptosis, and suppression via SMO also played a role in this process. Subsequently, GLI1 was ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase PCAF. In a xenograft tumor model, genipin suppressed tumor growth, which was also associated with Hedgehog inactivation. Taken together, these results suggest that genipin induces apoptosis through the Hedgehog signaling pathway by suppressing p53. These findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism involving Hedgehog/p53/NOXA signaling in the modulation of CRC cell apoptosis and tumor-forming defects.
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7
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Zhao Z, Jia Q, Wu MS, Xie X, Wang Y, Song G, Zou CY, Tang Q, Lu J, Huang G, Wang J, Lin DC, Koeffler HP, Yin JQ, Shen J. Degalactotigonin, a Natural Compound from Solanum nigrum L., Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma through GSK3β Inactivation-Mediated Repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 Pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:130-144. [PMID: 28951519 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Agents extracted from natural sources with antitumor property have attracted considerable attention from researchers and clinicians because of their safety, efficacy, and immediate availability. Degalactotigonin (DGT), extracted from Solanum nigrum L, has anticancer properties without serious side effects. Here, we explored whether DGT can inhibit the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma.Experimental Design: MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays were performed to analyze the effects of DGT on osteosarcoma cell viability in vitro The migration and invasion abilities were measured using a Transwell assay. Animal models were used to assess the roles of DGT in both tumor growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Gli1 expression and function were measured in osteosarcoma cells and clinical samples. After DGT treatment, Gli1 activation and the phosphorylation status of multiple cellular kinases were measured with a luciferase reporter and phospho-kinase antibody array.Results: DGT inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells. DGT, injected intraperitoneally after tumor inoculation, significantly decreased the volume of osteosarcoma xenografts and dramatically diminished the occurrence of osteosarcoma xenograft metastasis to the lungs. Mechanistically, DGT inhibited osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway, which maintains malignant phenotypes and is involved in the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. DGT decreased the activity of multiple intracellular kinases that affect the survival of osteosarcoma patients, including GSK3β. In addition, DGT represses the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway mainly through GSK3β inactivation.Conclusions: Our studies provide evidence that DGT can suppress the growth and metastasis of human osteosarcoma through modulation of GSK3β inactivation-mediated repression of the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 130-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Man-Si Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbiao Xie
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqian Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ye Zou
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchang Lu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun-Qiang Yin
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Shen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Stiegelbauer V, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Karbiener M, Pehserl AM, Reicher A, Resel M, Heitzer E, Ivan C, Bullock M, Ling H, Deutsch A, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Adiprasito JB, Stoeger H, Haybaeck J, Svoboda M, Stotz M, Hoefler G, Slaby O, Calin GA, Gerger A, Pichler M. miR-196b-5p Regulates Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration and Metastases through Interaction with HOXB7 and GALNT5. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5255-5266. [PMID: 28533224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: miR-196b-5p has been previously implicated in malignant transformation; however, its role in colorectal cancer has not been fully explored. In this study, we examine the clinical and biological relevance of miR-196b-5p, and the molecular pathways regulated by miR-196b-5p in colorectal cancer.Experimental Design: miR-196b-5p expression was quantitated by qRT-PCR in 2 independent cohorts composed of 292 patients with colorectal cancer in total, to explore its biomarker potential. Transient and stable gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and mice, to evaluate the impact of miR-196b-5p on proliferation, chemosensitivity, migration/invasion, and metastases formation in vitro and in vivo The molecular pathways influenced by miR-196b-5p were characterized using whole transcriptome profiling, in silico target prediction tools, luciferase interaction assays, and phenocopy/rescue gene knockdown experiments.Results: Low miR-196b-5p expression was significantly associated with metastases and poor outcomes in 2 independent colorectal cancer patient cohorts (P < 0.05, log-rank test). miR-196b-5p inhibition led to significantly increased colorectal cancer cell migration/invasion and metastases formation in mice, whereas ectopic overexpression showed the opposite phenotype. Molecular profiling and target confirmation identified an interaction between miR-196b-5p and HOXB7 and GALNT5, which in turn regulated colorectal cancer cell migration.Conclusions: The association of low levels of miR-196b-5p and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer can be explained by its influence on cancer cell migration and metastases formation. miR-196b-5p has an impact on colorectal cancer progression pathways through direct interaction with genes involved in cancer cell migration. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5255-66. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Pehserl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Reicher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Resel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marc Bullock
- Academic Surgery, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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9
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Pichler M, Stiegelbauer V, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Ivan C, Ling H, Winter E, Zhang X, Goblirsch M, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Ohtsuka M, Haybaeck J, Svoboda M, Okugawa Y, Gerger A, Hoefler G, Goel A, Slaby O, Calin GA. Genome-Wide miRNA Analysis Identifies miR-188-3p as a Novel Prognostic Marker and Molecular Factor Involved in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1323-1333. [PMID: 27601590 PMCID: PMC5544252 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Characterization of colorectal cancer transcriptome by high-throughput techniques has enabled the discovery of several differentially expressed genes involving previously unreported miRNA abnormalities. Here, we followed a systematic approach on a global scale to identify miRNAs as clinical outcome predictors and further validated them in the clinical and experimental setting.Experimental Design: Genome-wide miRNA sequencing data of 228 colorectal cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset were analyzed as a screening cohort to identify miRNAs significantly associated with survival according to stringent prespecified criteria. A panel of six miRNAs was further validated for their prognostic utility in a large independent validation cohort (n = 332). In situ hybridization and functional experiments in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and xenografts further clarified the role of clinical relevant miRNAs.Results: Six miRNAs (miR-92b-3p, miR-188-3p, miR-221-5p, miR-331-3p, miR-425-3p, and miR-497-5p) were identified as strong predictors of survival in the screening cohort. High miR-188-3p expression proves to be an independent prognostic factor [screening cohort: HR = 4.137; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.568-10.917; P = 0.004; validation cohort: HR = 1.538; 95% CI, 1.107-2.137; P = 0.010, respectively]. Forced miR-188-3p expression increased migratory behavior of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and metastases formation in vivo (P < 0.05). The promigratory role of miR-188-3p is mediated by direct interaction with MLLT4, a novel identified player involved in colorectal cancer cell migration.Conclusions: miR-188-3p is a novel independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients, which can be partly explained by its effect on MLLT4 expression and migration of cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1323-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elke Winter
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Xinna Zhang
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew Goblirsch
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Vargas T, Moreno-Rubio J, Herranz J, Cejas P, Molina S, Mendiola M, Burgos E, Custodio AB, De Miguel M, Martín-Hernández R, Reglero G, Feliu J, Ramírez de Molina A. 3'UTR Polymorphism in ACSL1 Gene Correlates with Expression Levels and Poor Clinical Outcome in Colon Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168423. [PMID: 27992526 PMCID: PMC5167383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests that lipid metabolism (LM) has an essential role in tumor growth to support special energetic and structural requirements of tumor cells. Recently, overexpression of LM-related genes, apolipoproteins related to metabolic syndrome, and ACSL/SCD network involved in fatty acid activation have been proposed as prognostic markers of colon cancer (CC). Furthermore, activation of this latter lipid network has been recently demonstrated to confer invasive and stem cell properties to tumor cells promoting tumor aggressiveness and patient relapse. With the aim of elucidating whether any genetic variation within these genes could influence basal expression levels and consequent susceptibility to relapse, we genotype, in 284 CC patients, 57 polymorphisms located in the 7 genes of these lipid networks previously associated with worse clinical outcome of CC patients (ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1, APOA2, APOC1, APOC2 and SCD), some of them related to CC aggressiveness. After adjusting with clinical confounding factors and multiple comparisons, an association between genotype and disease-free survival (DFS) was shown for rs8086 in 3'-UTR of ACSL1 gene (HR 3.08; 95% CI 1.69-5.63; adjusted p = 0.046). Furthermore, the risk T/T genotype had significantly higher ACSL1 gene expression levels than patients carrying C/T or C/C genotype (means = 5.34; 3.73; 2.37 respectively; p-value (ANOVA) = 0.019), suggesting a functional role of this variant. Thus, we have identified a "risk genotype" of ACSL1 gene that confers constitutive high levels of the enzyme, which is involved in the activation of fatty acids through conversion to acyl-CoA and has been recently related to increased invasiveness of tumor cells. These results suggest that rs8086 of ACSL1 could be a promising prognostic marker in CC patients, reinforcing the relevance of LM in the progression of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Vargas
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Moreno-Rubio
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Oncology Laboratory (POL), Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Herranz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Susana Molina
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Burgos
- Pathology Department, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Custodio
- Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - María De Miguel
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Reglero
- Molecular Oncology, IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Feliu
- Medical Oncology, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Bahl C, Singh N, Behera D, Sharma S. Association of polymorphisms in Dickopff (DKK) gene towards modulating risk for lung cancer in north Indians. Future Oncol 2016; 13:213-232. [PMID: 27640551 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between the genetic variants of DKK4 (rs2073664), DKK3 (rs2291599, rs3206824 and rs7391689) and DKK2 (rs447372, rs419558 and rs17037102) and lung cancer predisposition in north Indians. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 600 subjects were genotyped using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Association analysis was carried out using logistic regression approach. RESULTS DKK3 rs7396187 showed a protective effect (p = 0.01). Subjects with heterozygous genotype of DKK2 rs17037102 and rs419558 showed an increased risk. The variant genotype of the genotypic combination, DKK3 rs3206824 and DKK2 rs419558 showed a twofold increased risk (p = 0.008). Lung cancer risk increased four-times in subjects with variant genotype of all the three DKK2 variants. CONCLUSION DKK2 is certainly playing a crucial role in modulating cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Bahl
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab-147002, India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Education & Medical Research (PGIMER), Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Digambar Behera
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Education & Medical Research (PGIMER), Sector 14, Chandigarh, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab-147002, India
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12
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Papadopoulos V, Tsapakidis K, Riobo Del Galdo NA, Papandreou CN, Del Galdo F, Anthoney A, Sakellaridis N, Dimas K, Kamposioras K. The Prognostic Significance of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:116-27. [PMID: 27032873 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) the identification of new prognostic biomarkers continues to be a challenge. Since its initial discovery, the role of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway in carcinogenesis has been extensively studied. We herein review and comment on the prognostic significance of the Hh signaling pathway in CRC. The differential expression of Hh pathway components between malignant and nonmalignant conditions as well as correlation of Hh activation markers with various clinicopathological parameters and the effect on disease-free survival, overall survival, and disease recurrence in patients with CRC is summarized and discussed. According to the studies reviewed herein the activation of the Hh pathway seems to be correlated with adverse clinicopathological features and worse survival. However, to date study results show significant variability with regard to the effect on outcomes. Such results need to be interpreted carefully and emphasize the need for further well designed studies to characterize the actual influence of the Hh pathway in CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia A Riobo Del Galdo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Scleroderma Programme, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, LMBRU, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Anthoney
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nikos Sakellaridis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Kamposioras
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Oncology, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, United Kingdom.
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13
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Yao J, Xu T, Tian T, Fu X, Wang W, Li S, Shi T, Suo A, Ruan Z, Guo H, Yao Y. Tripartite motif 16 suppresses breast cancer stem cell properties through regulation of Gli-1 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:1204-12. [PMID: 26718507 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer progression and patient prognosis. Tripartite motif 16 (TRIM16) is a proteasome coactivator that regulates proteolytic activity in eukaryotic cells. Abundant evidence has shown that TRIM16 is lowly expressed in a number of human carcinomas. In a previous study, we demonstrated that TRIM16 suppressed cancer malignancy and that TRIM16 expression levels were associated with favorable prognostic parameters of patients with cancer. However, the precise role of this motif in the pathogenesis of breast cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we examined 29 human breast cancer specimens, and found that TRIM16 was lowly expressed in breast cancers; thus, TRIM16 expression is negatively correlated with metastasis in breast cancer patients. Moreover, we showed that TRIM16 suppressed CSC properties in a population of breast cancer cells. TRIM16 depletion resulted in an increased proportion of CSCs relative to breast cancer cells when several assays were used to assess CSC properties. Finally, we demonstrated that TRIM16 directly regulated the degradation of Gli‑1 protein via the ubiquitin‑proteasome pathway. In conclusion, we propose that inhibition of CSC properties may be one of the functions of TRIM16 as a suppressor of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yao
- The Integrated Department of TCM and Western Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Center Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Suoni Li
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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14
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Association of Wnt signaling pathway genetic variants in gallbladder cancer susceptibility and survival. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8083-95. [PMID: 26715268 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract with adverse prognosis and poor survival. Wnt signaling plays an important role in embryonic development and regeneration of tissues in all the species. Deregulation of expression and mutations in this pathway may lead to disease state such as cancer. In this study, we assessed the association of common germline variants of Wnt pathway genes (SFRP2, SFRP4, DKK2, DKK3, WISP3, APC, β-catenin, AXIN-2, GLI-1) to evaluate their contribution in predisposition to GBC and treatment outcomes. The study included 564 GBC patients and 250 controls. Out of 564, 200 patients were followed up for treatment response and survival. Tumor response (RECIST 1.1) was recorded in 116 patients undergoing non-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox-proportional hazard regression. Single locus analysis showed significant association of SFRP4 rs1802073G > T [p value = 0.0001], DKK2 rs17037102C > T [p value = 0.0001], DKK3 rs3206824C > T [p value = 0.012], APC rs4595552 A/T [p value = 0.021], APC rs11954856G > T [p value = 0.047], AXIN-2 rs4791171C > T [p value = 0.001], β-catenin rs4135385A > G [p value = 0.031], and GLI-1 rs222826C > G [p value = 0.001] with increased risk of GBC. Gene-gene interaction using GMDR analysis predicted APC rs11954856 and AXIN2 rs4791171 as significant in conferring GBC susceptibility. Cox-proportional hazard model showed GLI-1 rs2228226 CG/GG and AXIN-2 rs4791171 TT genotype higher hazard ratio. In recursive partitioning, AXIN-2 rs4791171 TT genotype showed higher mortality and hazard. Most of studied genetic variants influence GBC susceptibility. APC rs11954856, GLI-1 rs2228226, and AXIN-2 rs4791171 were found to be associated with poor survival in advanced GBC patients.
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15
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Smolle MA, Pichler M, Haybaeck J, Gerger A. Genetic markers of recurrence in colorectal cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1315-28. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide belongs to one of the most frequent cancers affecting both genders. Surgery and 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy are recommended for patients with high-risk stage II and stage III colon carcinoma. Mutations of genes encoding for specific proteins may have an impact on the time to recurrence. These proteins act over specific signaling pathways, are implicated in metabolic processes and regulate the cell cycle. Though many retrospective studies show strong associations between genetic mutations and the clinical outcome of patients with CRC, currently no validated biomarkers are used in clinical routine settings. Therefore, large prospective validation studies should be carried out in order to strengthen the position of genetic mutations in personalized treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Smolle
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
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16
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Ress AL, Stiegelbauer V, Schwarzenbacher D, Deutsch A, Perakis S, Ling H, Ivan C, Calin GA, Rinner B, Gerger A, Pichler M. Spinophilin expression determines cellular growth, cancer stemness and 5-flourouracil resistance in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8492-502. [PMID: 25261368 PMCID: PMC4226699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative tumor suppressor gene spinophilin has been involved in cancer progression in several types of cancer. In this study, we explored the prognostic value of spinophilin expression in 162 colon adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, we generated stably expressing spinophilin-directed shRNA CRC cell lines and studied the influence of spinophilin expression on cellular phenotypes and molecular interactions. We independently confirmed that low spinophilin expression levels are associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients (p = 0.038). A reduction of spinophilin levels in p53 wild-type HCT116 and p53-mutated Caco-2 cells led to increased cellular growth rates and anchorage-independent growth (p<0.05). At molecular level, reduced spinophilin levels increased the expression of the transcription factor E2F-1. In addition, we observed an increased formation of tumor spheres, increased number of CD133 positive cells and an increased resistance to 5-flourouracil (p<0.05). Finally, treatment with the de-methylating agent 5-aza-dC increased spinophilin expression in CRC cells (p<0.05), corroborated by a correlation of spinophilin expression and extent of methylated CpG sites in the gene promoter region (p<0.001). In conclusion, gain of aggressive biological properties of CRC cells including cellular growth, cancer stem cell features and 5-flourouracil resistance partly explains the role of spinophilin in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Samantha Perakis
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA. Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Beate Rinner
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
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17
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Yang Y, Huang X, Sun J, Gao P, Song Y, Chen X, Zhao J, Wang Z. Prognostic value of perineural invasion in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19:1113-22. [PMID: 25663635 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-015-2761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of perineural invasion (PNI) in colorectal cancer (CRC) does not reach a consensus. METHODS A comprehensive literature search for relevant reports published up to October 2014 was performed using the electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was used to estimate the prognostic effects. RESULT Thirty-eight studies comprising 12,661 CRC patients were analyzed. Our results showed that PNI is significantly associated with poor prognosis in OS (overall survival) (HR = 2.07, 95 % CI = 1.87-2.29, P < 0.01) and DFS (disease-free survival) (HR = 2.23, 95 % CI = 1.79-2.78, P < 0.01). There was no significant prognostic difference in DFS between stage II CRC patients with PNI(+) and stage III patients (HR = 1.67, 95 % CI = 0.53-5.25, P = 0.38). Further subgroup analysis revealed that the significance of the association between PNI and worse prognosis in CRC patients is not affected by many factors, including geographic setting, PNI positive rate, treatment, TNM stage, tumor site, and quality of the study. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis indicates that PNI is a poor prognostic factor in CRC patients. The postoperative survival of stage II CRC patients with PNI(+) is probably more similar to that of stage III patients. Currently available adjuvant therapy should be considered in stage II CRC patients with PNI(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchong Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pichler A, Pichler M. Music therapy in cancer patients: fact or fiction? Future Oncol 2014; 10:2409-11. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Kiesslich T, Mayr C, Wachter J, Bach D, Fuereder J, Wagner A, Alinger B, Pichler M, Di Fazio P, Ocker M, Berr F, Neureiter D. Activated hedgehog pathway is a potential target for pharmacological intervention in biliary tract cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:257-68. [PMID: 25064451 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signalling contributes to carcinogenesis and represents a valid druggable target in human cancers, possibly also in biliary tract cancer (BTC). We analysed the expression of Hh components in BTC using eight heterogeneously differentiated cell lines, xenograft tumours and a human tissue microarray. The dose-, time- and cell line-dependent effects of two Hh inhibitors (cyclopamine and Gant-61) were analysed in vitro for survival, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and possible synergism with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In human BTC samples, the sonic Hh ligand and the Gli1 transcription factor showed increased expression in tumours compared to normal adjacent tissue and were significantly associated with high tumour grade and positive lymph node status. In BTC cell lines, we could confirm the Hh component expression at varying extent within the employed cell lines in vitro and in vivo indicating non-canonical signalling. Both Hh inhibitors showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity above 5 µM with a stronger effect for Gant-61 inducing apoptosis whereas cyclopamine rather inhibited proliferation. Cytotoxicity was associated with low cytokeratin expression and higher mesenchymal marker expression such as vimentin. Additionally, drug combinations of Gant-61 with conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin) exerted synergistic effects. In conclusion, Hh pathway is significantly activated in human BTC tissue compared to normal adjacent tissue. The current data demonstrate for the first time an effective anticancer activity of especially Gant-61 in BTC and suggest second generation Hh pathway inhibitors as a potential novel treatment strategy in BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
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20
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Smolle M, Uranitsch S, Gerger A, Pichler M, Haybaeck J. Current status of long non-coding RNAs in human cancer with specific focus on colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13993-4013. [PMID: 25119862 PMCID: PMC4159835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest investigations of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have revealed their important role in human cancers. LncRNAs are larger than 200 nucleotides in length and fulfill their cellular purpose without being translated into proteins. Though the molecular functions of some lncRNAs have been elucidated, there is still a high number of lncRNAs with unknown or controversial functions. In this review, we provide an overview of different lncRNAs and their role in human cancers. In particular, we emphasize their importance in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer, the third most common cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Smolle
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Uranitsch
- Department of Surgery, St John of God Hospital Graz, Marschallgasse 12, A-8020 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
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