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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by genetic-environmental interplay leading to diffuse changes in the entire colonic mucosa (field carcinogenesis or field of injury) and to a pro-neoplastic genetic/epigenetic/physiological milieu. The clinical consequences are increased risk of synchronous and metachronous neoplasia. Factors such as genetics, race, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status are thought to influence neoplasia development. Here, we explore the potential improvement to CRC screening through exploiting field carcinogenesis, with particular focus on racial disparities and chemoprevention strategies. Also, we discuss future directions for field carcinogenesis/risk stratification using molecular and novel biophotonic techniques for personalized CRC screening.
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Ruderman S, Eshein A, Valuckaite V, Dougherty U, Almoghrabi A, Gomes A, Singh A, Pabla B, Roy HK, Hart J, Bissonnette M, Konda V, Backman V. Early increase in blood supply (EIBS) is associated with tumor risk in the Azoxymethane model of colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:814. [PMID: 30103733 PMCID: PMC6090821 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the role of blood supply in early tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. We leveraged the renin angiotensin system (RAS) to alter colonic blood supply and determine the effect on tumor initiation and progression. Methods To test the effect of blood supply on tumorigenesis, 53 male A/J mice were randomly assigned to one of three RAS modulation groups and one of two AOM treatments. The RAS modulation groups were I) water (RAS-unmodulated) as a control group, II) angiotensin-II and III) the angiotensin receptor blocker, Losartan. The mice in each group were then randomly split into either the saline control condition or the AOM-treated condition in which tumors were induced with a standard protocol of serial azoxymethane (AOM) injections. To monitor microvascular changes in the rectal mucosa during the study, we used confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) with FITC-Dextran for in-vivo imaging of vessels and polarization-gated spectroscopy (PGS) to quantify rectal hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and blood vessel radius (BVR). Results At 12 weeks post-AOM injections and before tumor formation, CLE images revealed many traditional hallmarks of angiogenesis including vessel dilation, loss of co-planarity, irregularity, and vessel sprouting in the pericryptal capillaries of the rectal mucosa in AOM-Water tumor bearing mice. PGS measurements at the same time-point showed increased rectal [Hb] and decreased BVR. At later time points, CLE images showed pronounced angiogenic features including irregular networks throughout the colon. Notably, the AOM-Losartan mice had significantly lower tumor multiplicity and did not exhibit the same angiogenic features observed with CLE, or the increase in [Hb] or decrease in BVR measured with PGS. The AOM-AngII mice did not have any significant trends. Conclusion In-vivo PGS measurements of rectal colonic blood supply as well as CLE imaging revealed angiogenic disruptions to the capillary network prior to tumor formation. Losartan demonstrated an effective way to mitigate the changes to blood supply during tumorigenesis and reduce tumor multiplicity. These effects can be used in future studies to understand the early vessel changes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ruderman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Adam Eshein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Vesta Valuckaite
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anas Almoghrabi
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Andrew Gomes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ajaypal Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Baldeep Pabla
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hemant K Roy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - John Hart
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vani Konda
- Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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Eshein A, Radosevich AJ, Gould B, Wu W, Konda V, Yang LW, Koons A, Feder S, Valuckaite V, Roy HK, Backman V, Nguyen TQ. Fully automated fiber-based optical spectroscopy system for use in a clinical setting. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29981224 PMCID: PMC8357326 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.075003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While there are a plethora of in vivo fiber-optic spectroscopic techniques that have demonstrated the ability to detect a number of diseases in research trials with highly trained personnel familiar with the operation of experimental optical technologies, very few techniques show the same level of success in large multicenter trials. To meet the stringent requirements for a viable optical spectroscopy system to be used in a clinical setting, we developed components including an automated calibration tool, optical contact sensor for signal acquisition, and a methodology for real-time in vivo probe calibration correction. The end result is a state-of-the-art medical device that can be realistically used by a physician with spectroscopic fiber-optic probes. We show how the features of this system allow it to have excellent stability measuring two scattering phantoms in a clinical setting by clinical staff with ∼0.5 % standard deviation over 25 unique measurements on different days. In addition, we show the systems' ability to overcome many technical obstacles that spectroscopy applications often face such as speckle noise and user variability. While this system has been designed and optimized for our specific application, the system and design concepts are applicable to most in vivo fiber-optic-based spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Eshein
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Andrew J. Radosevich
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Bradley Gould
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Wenli Wu
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Vani Konda
- University of Chicago Medicine, Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Leslie W. Yang
- University of Chicago Medicine, Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Ann Koons
- University of Chicago Medicine, Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Seth Feder
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Vesta Valuckaite
- University of Chicago Medicine, Center for Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Hemant K. Roy
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Vadim Backman
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - The-Quyen Nguyen
- Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, Illinois, United States
- Address all correspondence to: The-Quyen Nguyen, E-mail:
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Liu R, Winkelmann JA, Spicer G, Zhu Y, Eid A, Ameer GA, Backman V, Yi J. Single capillary oximetry and tissue ultrastructural sensing by dual-band dual-scan inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:57. [PMID: 30839641 PMCID: PMC6113297 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Measuring capillary oxygenation and the surrounding ultrastructure can allow one to monitor a microvascular niche and better understand crucial biological mechanisms. However, capillary oximetry and pericapillary ultrastructure are challenging to measure in vivo. Here we demonstrate a novel optical imaging system, dual-band dual-scan inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (D2-ISOCT), that, for the first time, can simultaneously obtain the following metrics in vivo using endogenous contrast: (1) capillary-level oxygen saturation and arteriolar-level blood flow rates, oxygen delivery rates, and oxygen metabolic rates; (2) spatial characteristics of tissue structures at length scales down to 30 nm; and (3) morphological images up to 2 mm in depth. To illustrate the capabilities of D2-ISOCT, we monitored alterations to capillaries and the surrounding pericapillary tissue (tissue between the capillaries) in the healing response of a mouse ear wound model. The obtained microvascular and ultrastructural metrics corroborated well with each other, showing the promise of D2-ISOCT for becoming a powerful new non-invasive imaging tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - James A. Winkelmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Graham Spicer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Yunxiao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Aya Eid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Ji Yi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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5
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Simmons ZJ, Rogers JD. Microscope objective based 4 π spectroscopic tissue scattering goniometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3828-3841. [PMID: 28856053 PMCID: PMC5560844 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of optical scattering as a function of angle, goniometry, can provide a wealth of information about tissue. The goniometry technique described here measures the intensity profile at the pupil planes of two microscope objectives with a scattering sample between them. The maximum observable scattering angle is extended by employing off-axis illumination. This configuration permits several advantages including: i) rapid measurement of scattering into 4π sr to characterize the entire scattering phase function in isotropic tissue, ii) sensitivity to axially asymmetric scattering from anisotropic fibrous tissue, iii) selective interrogation of small regions within spatially inhomogenous tissue, iv) concurrent measurement of scattering coefficient μs , and v) measurement of wavelength dependent scattering properties via spectrally tunable source. The instrument is validated by comparing measurements of microsphere suspensions to the Mie scattering solution. Instrument capabilities are demonstrated with samples of rat brain and mouse eye tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. J. Simmons
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706,
USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 9433, Madison, WI 53705,
USA
| | - J. D. Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706,
USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 9433, Madison, WI 53705,
USA
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Nguyen E, Mehta S, Yates SW, Schrader MK, Martin MC. Colon Cancer Screening in Concierge Practice. South Med J 2017; 110:408-411. [PMID: 28575898 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Center for Executive Medicine (CEM) concierge primary care practice on preventive colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates relative to local and national comparator data. METHODS We performed an electronic medical record search encompassing our entire patient population who are between the ages of 50 and 75 years to determine the rate of CRC screening. We compared this rate with the average rate of Medicare Advantage plans reported by our Independent Physician Association (IPA) in 2015 and national health plans reported by the National Committee for Quality Assurance in 2014. RESULTS The CEM had a CRC screening rate of 90.2%, which was significantly higher than local IPA Medicare Advantage plans (63.3%) and National Committee for Quality Assurance national plans (57.7%-66.5%). CEM members were significantly more likely than were IPA members to undergo screening (odds ratio 1.425, 95% confidence interval 1.348-1.507, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the CEM practice strategy and processes increase CRC screening rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nguyen
- From the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, and the Center for Executive Medicine, Plano, Texas
| | - Shivani Mehta
- From the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, and the Center for Executive Medicine, Plano, Texas
| | - Scott W Yates
- From the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, and the Center for Executive Medicine, Plano, Texas
| | - M Keith Schrader
- From the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, and the Center for Executive Medicine, Plano, Texas
| | - Michael C Martin
- From the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth, and the Center for Executive Medicine, Plano, Texas
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Bailey MJ, Verma N, Fradkin L, Lam S, MacAulay C, Poh C, Markey MK, Sokolov K. Detection of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity using oblique polarized reflectance spectroscopy: a clinical feasibility study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:65002. [PMID: 28609512 PMCID: PMC5469421 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We developed a multifiber optical probe for oblique polarized reflectance spectroscopy (OPRS) in vivo and evaluated its performance in detection of dysplasia in the oral cavity. The probe design allows the implementation of a number of methods to enable depth resolved spectroscopic measurements including polarization gating, source–detector separation, and differential spectroscopy; this combination was evaluated in carrying out binary classification tasks between four major diagnostic categories: normal, benign, mild dysplasia (MD), and severe dysplasia (SD). Multifiber OPRS showed excellent performance in the discrimination of normal from benign, MD, SD, and MD plus SD yielding sensitivity/specificity values of 100%/93%, 96%/95%, 100%/98%, and 100%/100%, respectively. The classification of benign versus dysplastic lesions was more challenging with sensitivity and specificity values of 80%/93%, 71%/93%, and 74%/80% in discriminating benign from SD, MD, and SD plus MD categories, respectively; this challenge is most likely associated with a strong and highly variable scattering from a keratin layer that was found in these sites. Classification based on multiple fibers was significantly better than that based on any single detection pair for tasks dealing with benign versus dysplastic sites. This result indicates that the multifiber probe can perform better in the detection of dysplasia in keratinized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Bailey
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Imaging Physics, Houston, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Nishant Verma
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Leonid Fradkin
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Sylvia Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Integrative Oncology Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calum MacAulay
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Integrative Oncology Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Poh
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Integrative Oncology Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mia K. Markey
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Imaging Physics, Houston, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Imaging Physics, Houston, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, Texas, United States
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8
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Li Y, Zhang D, Capoglu I, Hujsak KA, Damania D, Cherkezyan L, Roth E, Bleher R, Wu JS, Subramanian H, Dravid VP, Backman V. Measuring the Autocorrelation Function of Nanoscale Three-Dimensional Density Distribution in Individual Cells Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and a New Deconvolution Algorithm. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:661-667. [PMID: 28416035 PMCID: PMC5790320 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Essentially all biological processes are highly dependent on the nanoscale architecture of the cellular components where these processes take place. Statistical measures, such as the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the three-dimensional (3D) mass-density distribution, are widely used to characterize cellular nanostructure. However, conventional methods of reconstruction of the deterministic 3D mass-density distribution, from which these statistical measures can be calculated, have been inadequate for thick biological structures, such as whole cells, due to the conflict between the need for nanoscale resolution and its inverse relationship with thickness after conventional tomographic reconstruction. To tackle the problem, we have developed a robust method to calculate the ACF of the 3D mass-density distribution without tomography. Assuming the biological mass distribution is isotropic, our method allows for accurate statistical characterization of the 3D mass-density distribution by ACF with two data sets: a single projection image by scanning transmission electron microscopy and a thickness map by atomic force microscopy. Here we present validation of the ACF reconstruction algorithm, as well as its application to calculate the statistics of the 3D distribution of mass-density in a region containing the nucleus of an entire mammalian cell. This method may provide important insights into architectural changes that accompany cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ilker Capoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Karl A. Hujsak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Dhwanil Damania
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lusik Cherkezyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Eric Roth
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Reiner Bleher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jinsong S. Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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9
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Roy HK, Turzhitsky V, Wali R, Radosevich AJ, Jovanovic B, Della'Zanna G, Umar A, Rubin DT, Goldberg MJ, Bianchi L, De La Cruz M, Bogojevic A, Helenowski IB, Rodriguez L, Chatterton R, Skripkauskas S, Page K, Weber CR, Huang X, Richmond E, Bergan RC, Backman V. Spectral biomarkers for chemoprevention of colonic neoplasia: a placebo-controlled double-blinded trial with aspirin. Gut 2017; 66:285-292. [PMID: 26503631 PMCID: PMC5108693 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major impediment to translating chemoprevention to clinical practice has been lack of intermediate biomarkers. We previously reported that rectal interrogation with low-coherence enhanced backscattering spectroscopy (LEBS) detected microarchitectural manifestations of field carcinogenesis. We now wanted to ascertain if reversion of two LEBS markers spectral slope (SPEC) and fractal dimension (FRAC) could serve as a marker for chemopreventive efficacy. DESIGN We conducted a multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, clinical trial in subjects with a history of colonic neoplasia who manifested altered SPEC/FRAC in histologically normal colonic mucosa. Subjects (n=79) were randomised to 325 mg aspirin or placebo. The primary endpoint changed in FRAC and SPEC spectral markers after 3 months. Mucosal levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A6 genotypes were planned secondary endpoints. RESULTS At 3 months, the aspirin group manifested alterations in SPEC (48.9%, p=0.055) and FRAC (55.4%, p=0.200) with the direction towards non-neoplastic status. As a measure of aspirin's pharmacological efficacy, we assessed changes in rectal PGE2 levels and noted that it correlated with SPEC and FRAC alterations (R=-0.55, p=0.01 and R=0.57, p=0.009, respectively) whereas there was no significant correlation in placebo specimens. While UGT1A6 subgroup analysis did not achieve statistical significance, the changes in SPEC and FRAC to a less neoplastic direction occurred only in the variant consonant with epidemiological evidence of chemoprevention. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first proof of concept, albeit somewhat underpowered, that spectral markers reversion mirrors antineoplastic efficacy providing a potential modality for titration of agent type/dose to optimise chemopreventive strategies in clinical practice. TRIAL NUMBER NCT00468910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant K Roy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vladimir Turzhitsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ramesh Wali
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Radosevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Borko Jovanovic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Della'Zanna
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health Systems, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health Systems, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Mart De La Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrej Bogojevic
- Department of Medicine, NorthShore University Health Systems, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Irene B Helenowski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luz Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Chatterton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Silvia Skripkauskas
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Page
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher R Weber
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ellen Richmond
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C Bergan
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Wu W, Radosevich AJ, Eshein A, Nguyen TQ, Yi J, Cherkezyan L, Roy HK, Szleifer I, Backman V. Using electron microscopy to calculate optical properties of biological samples. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4749-4762. [PMID: 27896013 PMCID: PMC5119613 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic structural origins of optical properties in biological media are still not fully understood. Better understanding these origins can serve to improve the utility of existing techniques and facilitate the discovery of other novel techniques. We propose a novel analysis technique using electron microscopy (EM) to calculate optical properties of specific biological structures. This method is demonstrated with images of human epithelial colon cell nuclei. The spectrum of anisotropy factor g, the phase function and the shape factor D of the nuclei are calculated. The results show strong agreement with an independent study. This method provides a new way to extract the true phase function of biological samples and provides an independent validation for optical property measurement techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wu
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Andrew J. Radosevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Adam Eshein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - The-Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Ji Yi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Lusik Cherkezyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Hemant K. Roy
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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11
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Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) has become one of the most commonly used drugs, given its role as an analgesic, antipyretic and agent for cardiovascular prophylaxis. Several decades of research have provided considerable evidence demonstrating its potential for the prevention of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. Broader clinical recommendations for aspirin-based chemoprevention strategies have recently been established; however, given the known hazards of long-term aspirin use, larger-scale adoption of an aspirin chemoprevention strategy is likely to require improved identification of individuals for whom the protective benefits outweigh the harms. Such a precision medicine approach may emerge through further clarification of aspirin's mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Drew
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, 55 Fruit Street, Bartlett Ext. 9, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, 55 Fruit Street, Bartlett Ext. 9, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, GRJ-825C, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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