1
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Yang T, Li H, Kang Y, Li Z. MMFSyn: A Multimodal Deep Learning Model for Predicting Anticancer Synergistic Drug Combination Effect. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1039. [PMID: 39199425 PMCID: PMC11352627 DOI: 10.3390/biom14081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy aims to synergistically enhance efficacy or reduce toxic side effects and has widely been used in clinical practice. However, with the rapid increase in the types of drug combinations, identifying the synergistic relationships between drugs remains a highly challenging task. This paper proposes a novel deep learning model MMFSyn based on multimodal drug data combined with cell line features. Firstly, to ensure the full expression of drug molecular features, multiple modalities of drugs, including Morgan fingerprints, atom sequences, molecular diagrams, and atomic point cloud data, are extracted using SMILES. Secondly, for different modal data, a Bi-LSTM, gMLP, multi-head attention mechanism, and multi-scale GCNs are comprehensively applied to extract the drug feature. Then, it selects appropriate omics features from gene expression and mutation omics data of cancer cell lines to construct cancer cell line features. Finally, these features are combined to predict the synergistic anti-cancer drug combination effect. The experimental results verify that MMFSyn has significant advantages in performance compared to other popular methods, with a root mean square error of 13.33 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.81, which indicates that MMFSyn can better capture the complex relationship between multimodal drug combinations and omics data, thereby improving the synergistic drug combination prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;
- College of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Haohao Li
- College of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Yanlei Kang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Zhong Li
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;
- College of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
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2
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Wylaź M, Kaczmarska A, Pajor D, Hryniewicki M, Gil D, Dulińska-Litewka J. Exploring the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in hormone-related cancers: A focus on breast and prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115676. [PMID: 37832401 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) are at the top of the list when it comes to the most common types of cancers worldwide. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is important, in that it strongly influences the development and progression of these tumors. Previous studies have emphasized the key role of inhibitors of the PIK3/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the treatment of BC and PC, and it remains to be a crucial method of treatment. In this review, the inhibitors of these signaling pathways are compared, as well as their effectiveness in therapy and potential as therapeutic agents. The use of these inhibitors as polytherapy is evaluated, especially with the use of hormonal therapy, which has shown promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wylaź
- Student Scientific Group at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, ul. Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kaczmarska
- Student Scientific Group at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, ul. Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dawid Pajor
- Student Scientific Group at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, ul. Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Matthew Hryniewicki
- Student Scientific Group at Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry, ul. Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Gil
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Ye F, Dewanjee S, Li Y, Jha NK, Chen ZS, Kumar A, Vishakha, Behl T, Jha SK, Tang H. Advancements in clinical aspects of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:105. [PMID: 37415164 PMCID: PMC10324146 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The heterogeneity of this disease presents a big challenge in its therapeutic management. However, recent advances in molecular biology and immunology enable to develop highly targeted therapies for many forms of breast cancer. The primary objective of targeted therapy is to inhibit a specific target/molecule that supports tumor progression. Ak strain transforming, cyclin-dependent kinases, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and different growth factors have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for specific breast cancer subtypes. Many targeted drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials, and some have already received the FDA approval as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of different forms of breast cancer. However, the targeted drugs have yet to achieve therapeutic promise against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this aspect, immune therapy has come up as a promising therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients. Different immunotherapeutic modalities including immune-checkpoint blockade, vaccination, and adoptive cell transfer have been extensively studied in the clinical setting of breast cancer, especially in TNBC patients. The FDA has already approved some immune-checkpoint blockers in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to treat TNBC and several trials are ongoing. This review provides an overview of clinical developments and recent advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapies for breast cancer treatment. The successes, challenges, and prospects were critically discussed to portray their profound prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Ankush Kumar
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vishakha
- Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Integrin αvβ3 Is a Master Regulator of Resistance to TKI-Induced Ferroptosis in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041216. [PMID: 36831558 PMCID: PMC9954089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-targeting therapies provide clinical benefits for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, the resistance to monotherapies invariably develops and leads to disease relapse and treatment failure. Previous studies have demonstrated a link between the potency of HER2-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and their ability to induce an iron-dependent form of cell death called ferroptosis. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms of resistance to TKI-induced ferroptosis and identify novel approaches to overcome treatment resistance. We used mouse and human HER2-positive models of acquired TKI resistance to demonstrate an intimate link between the resistance to TKIs and to ferroptosis and present the first evidence that the cell adhesion receptor αvβ3 integrin is a critical mediator of resistance to TKI-induced ferroptosis. Our findings indicate that αvβ3 integrin-mediated resistance is associated with the re-wiring of the iron/antioxidant metabolism and persistent activation of AKT signalling. Moreover, using gene manipulation approaches and pharmacological inhibitors, we show that this "αvβ3 integrin addiction" can be targeted to reverse TKI resistance. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights into new therapeutic strategies to improve the treatment of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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5
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Yuan Y, Long H, Zhou Z, Fu Y, Jiang B. PI3K-AKT-Targeting Breast Cancer Treatments: Natural Products and Synthetic Compounds. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010093. [PMID: 36671478 PMCID: PMC9856042 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. The high incidence of breast cancer, which is continuing to rise, makes treatment a significant challenge. The PI3K-AKT pathway and its downstream targets influence various cellular processes. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that natural products and synthetic drugs targeting PI3K-AKT signaling have the potential to treat breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and highlight PI3K-AKT-targeting natural products and drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Yuan
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Huizhi Long
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Binyuan Jiang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu P, Jiao F, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Cai J, Chen S, Fu T, Li M. Identification of BIK as an unfavorable prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer harboring KRAS mutations. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5300-5314. [PMID: 36504908 PMCID: PMC9729897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations lead to persistent activation of multiple downstream effectors that drive the cancer phenotype. Approximately 30%-50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients harbor KRAS mutations, which confer more aggressive tumor biology and shorter overall survival (OS), especially in microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic CRC. Given that KRAS mutant protein has been proven difficult to target directly, identifying genes that function closely with KRAS and targeting these genes seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutated MSS CRC. Here, KRAS function-sensitive genes were identified by assessing the correlation between gene dependency scores from CRISPR knockout screens and KRAS mRNA expression in KRAS-mutated MSS CRC cell lines in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database. If the correlation coefficient was ≥ 0.6, the gene was considered a KRAS function-sensitive gene. Then KRAS function-sensitive genes related to prognosis were screened out in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, and the prognostic value was validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. PockDrug-Server was used to predict the druggability of candidate genes. The results showed that in 20 KRAS-mutated MSS CRC cell lines, 13 genes were identified as KRAS function-sensitive genes. Of these 13 genes, only BIK expression was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and OS, and the BIK-high patients had significantly poorer PFS (HR=3.18, P=0.020) and OS (HR=4.74, P=0.030) than the BIK-low patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed high BIK expression as an independent predictor for poorer prognosis in KRAS-mutated MSS CRC. The prognostic value of BIK was also successfully validated in a GEO cohort. The results of ssGSEA showed that the BIK-high group was more prone to strong metastasis activity than the BIK-low group. Pocket druggability prediction analysis presented that BIK had three druggable pockets, and their druggability scores were above 0.8. These findings suggested that BIK is a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target in KRAS-mutated MSS CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jing’an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing’an BranchShanghai, China
| | - Feilong Zhao
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc.Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Cai
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc.Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Medical Affairs, 3D Medicines, Inc.Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Wang X, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Li Y, Tang C, Chen X, Li Y, Liu Q, Liu Q. PRODeepSyn: predicting anticancer synergistic drug combinations by embedding cell lines with protein–protein interaction network. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6511206. [PMID: 35043159 PMCID: PMC8921631 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although drug combinations in cancer treatment appear to be a promising therapeutic strategy with respect to monotherapy, it is arduous to discover new synergistic drug combinations due to the combinatorial explosion. Deep learning technology holds immense promise for better prediction of in vitro synergistic drug combinations for certain cell lines. In methods applying such technology, omics data are widely adopted to construct cell line features. However, biological network data are rarely considered yet, which is worthy of in-depth study. In this study, we propose a novel deep learning method, termed PRODeepSyn, for predicting anticancer synergistic drug combinations. By leveraging the Graph Convolutional Network, PRODeepSyn integrates the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network with omics data to construct low-dimensional dense embeddings for cell lines. PRODeepSyn then builds a deep neural network with the Batch Normalization mechanism to predict synergy scores using the cell line embeddings and drug features. PRODeepSyn achieves the lowest root mean square error of 15.08 and the highest Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.75, outperforming two deep learning methods and four machine learning methods. On the classification task, PRODeepSyn achieves an area under the receiver operator characteristics curve of 0.90, an area under the precision–recall curve of 0.63 and a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.53. In the ablation study, we find that using the multi-omics data and the integrated PPI network’s information both can improve the prediction results. Additionally, the case study demonstrates the consistency between PRODeepSyn and previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yizhi Jiang
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Li
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Corresponding authors: Qin Liu, School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China. Tel.: +86-021-69589075; E-mail: ; Qi Liu, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Tel.: +86-021-65980296; E-mail:
| | - Qin Liu
- Corresponding authors: Qin Liu, School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China. Tel.: +86-021-69589075; E-mail: ; Qi Liu, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China. Tel.: +86-021-65980296; E-mail:
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8
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Coleman N, Moyers JT, Harbery A, Vivanco I, Yap TA. Clinical Development of AKT Inhibitors and Associated Predictive Biomarkers to Guide Patient Treatment in Cancer Medicine. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1517-1535. [PMID: 34858045 PMCID: PMC8630372 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s305068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a critical effector of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade and has a pivotal role in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. AKT is one of the most commonly activated pathways in human cancer and dysregulation of AKT-dependent pathways is associated with the development and maintenance of a range of solid tumors. There are multiple small-molecule inhibitors targeting different components of the PI3K/AKT pathway currently at various stages of clinical development, in addition to new combination strategies aiming to boost the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. Correlative and translational studies have been undertaken in the context of clinical trials investigating AKT inhibitors, however the identification of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance to AKT inhibition remains an unmet need. In this review, we discuss the biological function and activation of AKT, discuss its contribution to tumor development and progression, and review the efficacy and toxicity data from clinical trials, including both AKT inhibitor monotherapy and combination strategies with other agents. We also discuss the promise and challenges associated with the development of AKT inhibitors and associated predictive biomarkers of response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Coleman
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Alice Harbery
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Igor Vivanco
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Teo MYM, Fong JY, Lim WM, In LLA. Current Advances and Trends in KRAS Targeted Therapies for Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:30-44. [PMID: 34462329 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) gene somatic point mutations is one of the most prominently mutated proto-oncogenes known to date, and accounts for approximately 60% of all colorectal cancer cases. One of the most exciting drug development areas against colorectal cancer is the targeting of undruggable kinases and kinase-substrate molecules, although whether and how they can be integrated with other therapies remains a question. Current clinical trial data have provided supporting evidence on the use of combination treatment involving MEK inhibitors and either one of the PI3K inhibitors for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to avoid the development of resistance and provide effective therapeutic outcome rather than using a single agent alone. Many clinical trials are also ongoing to evaluate different combinations of these pathway inhibitors in combination with immunotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer whose current palliative treatment options are limited. Nevertheless, continued assessment of these targeted cancer therapies will eventually allow patients with colorectal cancer to be treated using a personalized medicine approach. In this review, the most recent scientific approaches and clinical trials targeting KRAS mutations directly or indirectly for the management of colorectal cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yee Mun Teo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jung Yin Fong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ming Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel Lian Aun In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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10
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Ibrahim S, Lan C, Chabot C, Mitsa G, Buchanan M, Aguilar-Mahecha A, Elchebly M, Poetz O, Spatz A, Basik M, Batist G, Zahedi RP, Borchers CH. Precise Quantitation of PTEN by Immuno-MRM: A Tool To Resolve the Breast Cancer Biomarker Controversy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10816-10824. [PMID: 34324311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN is the main negative regulator of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and is commonly found downregulated in breast cancer (BC). Conflicting data from conventional immunoassays such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) has sparked controversy about PTEN's role as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in BC, which can be largely attributed to the lack of specificity, sensitivity, and interlaboratory standardization. Here, we present a fully standardized, highly sensitive, robust microflow immuno-MRM (iMRM) assay that enables precise quantitation of PTEN concentrations in cells and fresh frozen (FF) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, down to 0.1 fmol/10 μg of extracted protein, with high interday and intraday precision (CV 6.3%). PTEN protein levels in BC PDX samples that were determined by iMRM correlate well with semiquantitative IHC and WB data. iMRM, however, allowed the precise quantitation of PTEN-even in samples that were deemed to be PTEN negative by IHC or western blot (WB)-while requiring substantially less tumor tissue than WB. This is particularly relevant because the extent of PTEN downregulation in tumors has been shown to correlate with severity. Our standardized and robust workflow includes an 11 min microflow LC-MRM analysis on a triple-quadrupole MS and thus provides a much needed tool for the study of PTEN as a potential biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ibrahim
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4A 3J1 Canada.,Clinical Pathology Department, Menoufia University, Shebeen, El Kom 32511, Egypt.,Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Cathy Lan
- Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Catherine Chabot
- Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Georgia Mitsa
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4A 3J1 Canada.,Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | | | | | - Mounib Elchebly
- Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Oliver Poetz
- University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen 72770, Germany.,SIGNATOPE GmbH, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Alan Spatz
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4A 3J1 Canada.,Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,OPTILAB-McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4A 3J1 Canada.,Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Gerald Batist
- Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - René P Zahedi
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
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11
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Martorana F, Motta G, Pavone G, Motta L, Stella S, Vitale SR, Manzella L, Vigneri P. AKT Inhibitors: New Weapons in the Fight Against Breast Cancer? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:662232. [PMID: 33995085 PMCID: PMC8118639 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.662232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase AKT is a key component of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as it exerts a pivotal role in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Deregulation of this pathway is a common event in breast cancer including hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease, HER2-amplified, and triple negative tumors. Hence, targeting AKT represents an attractive treatment option for many breast cancer subtypes, especially those resistant to conventional treatments. Several AKT inhibitors have been recently developed and two ATP-competitive compounds, capivasertib and ipatasertib, have been extensively tested in phase I and II clinical trials either alone, with chemotherapy, or with hormonal agents. Additionally, phase III trials of capivasertib and ipatasertib are already under way in HR+ and triple-negative breast cancer. While the identification of predictive biomarkers of response and resistance to AKT inhibition represents an unmet need, new combination strategies are under investigation aiming to boost the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. As such, trials combining capivasertib and ipatasertib with CDK4/6 inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors are currently ongoing. This review summarizes the available evidence on AKT inhibition in breast cancer, reporting both efficacy and toxicity data from clinical trials along with the available translational correlates and then focusing on the potential use of these drugs in new combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Motta
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pavone
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Motta
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
- Medical Oncology, A. O. U. Policlinico “G. Rodolico—S. Marco”, Catania, Italy
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12
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Eyermann CE, Haley JD, Alexandrova EM. The HSP-RTK-Akt axis mediates acquired resistance to Ganetespib in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:126. [PMID: 33500390 PMCID: PMC7838268 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive subtype comprises 20% of sporadic breast cancers and is an aggressive disease. While targeted therapies have greatly improved its management, primary and acquired resistance remain a major roadblock to making it a curable malignancy. Ganetespib, an Hsp90 (Heat shock protein 90) small molecule inhibitor, shows preferential efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer, including therapy-refractory cases, and has an excellent safety profile in ongoing clinical trials (38 in total, six on breast cancer). However, Ganetespib itself evokes acquired resistance, which is a significant obstacle to its clinical advancement. Here, we show that Ganetespib potently, albeit temporarily, suppresses HER2-positive breast cancer in genetic mouse models, but the animals eventually succumb via acquired resistance. We found that Ganetespib-resistant tumors upregulate several compensatory HSPs, as well as a wide network of phospho-activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), many of which are HSP clients. Downstream of p-RTKs, the MAPK pathway remains suppressed in the resistant tumors, as is HER2 itself. In contrast, the p-RTK effector Akt is stabilized and phospho-activated. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of Akt significantly delays acquired Ganetespib resistance, by 50%. These data establish Akt as a unifying actionable node downstream of the broadly upregulated HSP/p-RTK resistance program and suggests that Akt co-targeting with Ganetespib may be a superior therapeutic strategy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D Haley
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8691, USA
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13
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Her2 promotes early dissemination of breast cancer by suppressing the p38 pathway through Skp2-mediated proteasomal degradation of Tpl2. Oncogene 2020; 39:7034-7050. [PMID: 32989258 PMCID: PMC7680376 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
While mechanisms for metastasis were extensively studied in cancer cells from patients with detectable tumors, pathways underlying metastatic dissemination from early lesions before primary tumors appear are poorly understood. Her2 promotes breast cancer early dissemination by suppressing p38, but how Her2 downregulates p38 is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that in early lesion breast cancer models, Her2 inhibits p38 by inducing Skp2 through Akt-mediated phosphorylation, which promotes ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Tpl2, a p38 MAP3K. The early disseminating cells are Her2+Skp2highTpl2lowp-p38lowE-cadherinlow in the MMTV-Her2 breast cancer model. In human breast carcinoma, high Skp2 and low Tpl2 expression are associated with the Her2+ status; Tpl2 expression positively correlates with that of activated p38; Skp2 expression negatively correlates with that of Tpl2 and activated p38. Moreover, the Her2-Akt-Skp2-Tpl2-p38 axis plays a key role in the disseminating phenotypes in early lesion breast cancer cells; inhibition of Tpl2 enhances early dissemination in vivo. These findings identify the Her2-Akt-Skp2-Tpl2-p38 cascade as a novel mechanism mediating breast cancer early dissemination and a potential target for novel therapies targeting early metastatic dissemination.
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14
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Kaboli PJ, Ling KH. Lapatinib as a Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Unexpectedly Activates Akt in MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200212125658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
MDA-MB-231 is a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line, which
is resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib. Lapatinib is well-recognized as an anti-
EGFR and anti-Her2 compound. Here, we report one of the possible explanations for lapatinibresistance
in TNBC cells, the most incurable type of breast cancer.
Methods:
Using western blotting, we have observed that lapatinib-treated cells enhanced activation
of Akt, an oncogenic protein activated at downstream of EGFR signaling.
Results:
Anti-EGFR activity of Lapatinib would be counteracted with sustained activation of Akt.
We found lapatinib-resistance in TNBC can be managed by administering Akt inhibitors. Further,
lapatinib enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling is an alternative pathway to ensure the viability of MDAMB-
231 cells. There might also be unknown targets for lapatinib, which needs further investigation.
Conclusion:
This observation opens up a new discussion on overcoming resistance to tyrosine kinase
inhibitors, a key challenge in treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Showalter L, Czerniecki BJ, Koski GK. Th1 cytokines in conjunction with pharmacological Akt inhibition potentiate apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2873-2888. [PMID: 32774769 PMCID: PMC7392628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug approaches have been a major focus for developing new anticancer therapies. Although many such agents approved in the last 20 years have improved outcomes, almost all have underperformed expectations. The full potential of such agents may yet be obtained through novel combinations. Previously, we showed that anti-estrogen drugs combined with a dendritic cell-based anti-HER-2 vaccine known to induce strong Th1-polarized immunity dramatically improved clinical response rates in patients with HER-2pos/ERpos early breast cancer. Here, we show that the small molecule Akt antagonist MK-2206, when combined with the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, maximize indicators of apoptotic cell death in a panel of phenotypically-diverse human breast cancer lines. These findings were mirrored by other, structurally-unrelated Akt-targeting drugs that work through different mechanisms. Interestingly, we found that MK-2206, as well as the other Akt antagonist drugs, also had a tendency to suppress Th1 cytokine expression in stimulated human and murine lymphocytes, potentially complicating their use in conjunction with active immunotherapy. After verifying that MK-2206 plus IFN-gamma could show similar combined effects against breast cancer lines, even in the absence of TNF-alpha, we tested in a rodent HER-2pos breast cancer model either a HER-2-based DC vaccine, or recombinant IFN-gamma with or without MK-2206 administration. We found that for MK-2206, co-administration of recombinant IFN-gamma outperformed co-administration of DC vaccination for slowing tumor growth kinetics. These findings suggest a combined therapy approach for Akt-targeting drugs that incorporates recombinant Interferon-gamma and is potentially translatable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loral Showalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University Esplanade, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gary K Koski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University Esplanade, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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16
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Zhang S, Xu Z, Yuan J, Chen H. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 17 promotes cisplatin resistance via PI3K/AKT activation in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:67-74. [PMID: 32565935 PMCID: PMC7286115 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The suppression of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 17 (USP17) has previously been found to result in reduced tumorigenesis and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of USP17 in NSCLC progression remain unclear. In the present study, cisplatin treatment was found to upregulate USP17 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, USP17-overexpressing (USP17-OE) NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells were generated for mechanistic studies. The results from the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed increased cell proliferation in USP17-OE cells compared with that of control cells. Moreover, the viability of USP17-OE cells was significantly higher than that of the control cells, when treated with cisplatin. The results of the biochemical studies demonstrated enhanced PI3K and AKT phosphorylation in USP17-OE NSCLC cells, whereas USP17-knockdown decreased these levels of phosphorylation. By contrast, an AKT inhibitor abolished the USP17-mediated enhancement of proliferation. Moreover, suppression of USP17 or the combination of the AKT inhibitor and cisplatin significantly reduced cell viability. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that PI3K/AKT activation is the underlying mechanism of USP17-mediated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingpu Branch Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
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17
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Gadag S, Sinha S, Nayak Y, Garg S, Nayak UY. Combination Therapy and Nanoparticulate Systems: Smart Approaches for the Effective Treatment of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E524. [PMID: 32521684 PMCID: PMC7355786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become one of the biggest concerns for oncologists in the past few decades because of its unpredictable etiopathology and nonavailability of personalized translational medicine. The number of women getting affected by breast cancer has increased dramatically, owing to lifestyle and environmental changes. Besides, the development of multidrug resistance has become a challenge in the therapeutic management of breast cancer. Studies reveal that the use of monotherapy is not effective in the management of breast cancer due to high toxicity and the development of resistance. Combination therapies, such as radiation therapy with adjuvant therapy, endocrine therapy with chemotherapy, and targeted therapy with immunotherapy, are found to be effective. Thus, multimodal and combination treatments, along with nanomedicine, have emerged as a promising strategy with minimum side effects and drug resistance. In this review, we emphasize the multimodal approaches and recent advancements in breast cancer treatment modalities, giving importance to the current data on clinical trials. The novel treatment approach by targeted therapy, according to type, such as luminal, HER2 positive, and triple-negative breast cancer, are discussed. Further, passive and active targeting technologies, including nanoparticles, bioconjugate systems, stimuli-responsive, and nucleic acid delivery systems, including siRNA and aptamer, are explained. The recent research exploring the role of nanomedicine in combination therapy and the possible use of artificial intelligence in breast cancer therapy is also discussed herein. The complexity and dynamism of disease changes require the constant upgrading of knowledge, and innovation is essential for future drug development for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprasad Gadag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Shristi Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Sanjay Garg
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Usha Y. Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (S.G.); (S.S.)
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18
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Loss of the Ste20-like kinase induces a basal/stem-like phenotype in HER2-positive breast cancers. Oncogene 2020; 39:4592-4602. [PMID: 32393835 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
HER2 is overexpressed in 20-30% of all breast cancers and is associated with an invasive disease and poor clinical outcome. The Ste20-like kinase (SLK) is activated downstream of HER2/Neu and is required for efficient epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle progression, and migration in the mammary epithelium. Here we show that loss of SLK in a murine model of HER2/Neu-positive breast cancers significantly accelerates tumor onset and decreases overall survival. Transcriptional profiling of SLK knockout HER2/Neu-derived tumor cells revealed a strong induction in the triple-negative breast cancer marker, Sox10, accompanied by an increase in mammary stem/progenitor activity. Similarly, we demonstrate that SLK and Sox10 expression are inversely correlated in patient samples, with the loss of SLK and acquisition of Sox10 marking the triple-negative subtype. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AKT reduces SLK-null tumor growth in vivo and is rescued by ectopic Sox10 expression, suggesting that Sox10 is a critical regulator of tumor growth downstream of SLK/AKT. These findings highlight a role for SLK in negatively regulating HER2-induced mammary tumorigenesis and provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of Sox10 expression in breast cancer.
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19
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Li W, Zhu Y, Zhang K, Yu X, Lin H, Wu W, Peng Y, Sun J. PROM2 promotes gemcitabine chemoresistance via activating the Akt signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:409-422. [PMID: 32123287 PMCID: PMC7156657 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the deoxycytidine analogue gemcitabine (2′,2′,-difluorodeoxycytidine) has become the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for patients with pancreatic cancer. However, due to the intrinsic resistance of pancreatic cancer cells, gemcitabine-based chemotherapy yields limited disease control, with >85% disease progression at 6 months from diagnosis. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of chemoresistance is a critical step in improving cancer therapy, especially for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We show PROM2, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is ubiquitously upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell. We also found higher PROM2 expression is associated with shortened overall and disease-free survival times in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. We provide evidence that PROM2 promotes chemoresistance to gemcitabine both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that PROM2 could directly interacted with Akt and activates the Akt signaling pathway, which thus inhibiting gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. As further evidence, we show PROM2 expression and Akt phosphorylation both promote gemcitabine chemoresistance, and cause poorer survival in clinical samples with pancreatic cancer. Combining gemcitabine with the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 facilitated significant tumor shrinkage and dramatically elevated the survival status in mice xenografted with pancreatic cancer cells. Our findings not only establish PROM2 as a novel positive regulator of the Akt signaling pathway and a candidate prognostic indicator of gemcitabine response, but also provide a neo-therapeutic approach for patients resistant to gemcitabine treatment. A cell membrane protein called PROM2 promotes the resistance of pancreatic cancer to the anti-cancer drug gemcitabine, suggesting PROM2 and the molecular signaling pathway it stimulates could be targeted by new treatments. Researchers in China led by Jian Sun at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, investigated the role of PROM2 in cultured human pancreatic cancer cells and in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Production and activity of PROM2 were increased in cancer cells, leading to increased resistance to gemcitabine. The researchers found that PROM2’s promotion of gemcitabine resistance was linked to its ability to bind to another protein called Akt. This interaction stimulates the Akt signaling pathway, sustaining cancer cells. Combining gemcitabine therapy with an Akt pathway inhibitor restored cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine, revealing a potential approach to developing drugs to overcome gemcitabine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kelin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat‑sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xianhuan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haoming Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yaorong Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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20
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Targeting AXL and RAGE to prevent geminin overexpression-induced triple-negative breast cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19150. [PMID: 31844158 PMCID: PMC6915698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of metastatic precursors from primaries is the primary reason for patient death. Dissemination encompasses tumor cells invasion of stroma, followed by intravasation through the endothelium barrier into the bloodstream. Here, we describe how geminin-overexpressing tumor cells acquire dissemination ability. Acetylated HMGB1 (Ac-HMGB1) secreted by geminin-overexpressing cells activates RAGE and CXCR4 expression on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in tumor stroma. Through secreting CXCL12, geminin-overexpressing cells recruit these CXCR4+-MSCs into the tumor. Within the tumor, MSCs differentiate into S100A4-secreting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). S100A4, in a reciprocal manner, activates geminin-overexpressing cells to secrete CCL2 that recruits M0-macrophages from the stroma into the tumor. Within the tumor, CCL2 polarizes M0-macrophages into Gas6-secreting M2-tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs). In concert, geminin-overexpression, S100A4/RAGE and Gas6/AXL signaling promote the invasive and intravasation abilities in geminin-overexpressing cells through exacerbating their stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotypes and enhancing expression and functional interaction of CD151 and α3β1-integrin in geminin-overexpressing cells. Tumors formed following injection of geminin-overexpressing cells admixed with MSCs/CAFs grew faster, metastasized earlier, especially to lungs, and were extremely sensitive to anti-c-Abl, anti-RAGE, and anti-AXL drugs. These data support an intrinsic ability in geminin-overexpressing tumor cells to promote their metastatic potential through recruitment and bi-directional interactions with MSCs/CAFs and M2-TAMs.
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21
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Hinz N, Jücker M. Distinct functions of AKT isoforms in breast cancer: a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:154. [PMID: 31752925 PMCID: PMC6873690 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKT, also known as protein kinase B, is a key element of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, AKT regulates the hallmarks of cancer, e.g. tumor growth, survival and invasiveness of tumor cells. After AKT was discovered in the early 1990s, further studies revealed that there are three different AKT isoforms, namely AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3. Despite their high similarity of 80%, the distinct AKT isoforms exert non-redundant, partly even opposing effects under physiological and pathological conditions. Breast cancer as the most common cancer entity in women, frequently shows alterations of the PI3K/AKT signaling. MAIN CONTENT A plethora of studies addressed the impact of AKT isoforms on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis of breast cancer as well as on therapy response and overall survival in patients. Therefore, this review aimed to give a comprehensive overview about the isoform-specific effects of AKT in breast cancer and to summarize known downstream and upstream mechanisms. Taking account of conflicting findings among the studies, the majority of the studies reported a tumor initiating role of AKT1, whereas AKT2 is mainly responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. In detail, AKT1 increases cell proliferation through cell cycle proteins like p21, p27 and cyclin D1 and impairs apoptosis e.g. via p53. On the downside AKT1 decreases migration of breast cancer cells, for instance by regulating TSC2, palladin and EMT-proteins. However, AKT2 promotes migration and invasion most notably through regulation of β-integrins, EMT-proteins and F-actin. Whilst AKT3 is associated with a negative ER-status, findings about the role of AKT3 in regulation of the key properties of breast cancer are sparse. Accordingly, AKT1 is mutated and AKT2 is amplified in some cases of breast cancer and AKT isoforms are associated with overall survival and therapy response in an isoform-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Although there are several discussed hypotheses how isoform specificity is achieved, the mechanisms behind the isoform-specific effects remain mostly unrevealed. As a consequence, further effort is necessary to achieve deeper insights into an isoform-specific AKT signaling in breast cancer and the mechanism behind it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Hinz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Inhibition of TFF3 Enhances Sensitivity-and Overcomes Acquired Resistance-to Doxorubicin in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Mammary Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101528. [PMID: 31658702 PMCID: PMC6826976 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dose-dependent toxicity and acquired resistance are two major challenges limiting the efficacious treatment of mammary carcinoma (MC) with doxorubicin. Herein, we investigated the function of Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3) in the sensitivity and acquired resistance of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MC cells to doxorubicin. Doxorubicin treatment of ER+MC cells increased TFF3 expression. The depletion of TFF3 by siRNA or inhibition with a small molecule TFF3 inhibitor (AMPC) synergistically enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin in ER+MC through the suppression of doxorubicin-induced AKT activation and enhancement of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Elevated expression of TFF3 and increased activation of AKT were also observed using a model of acquired doxorubicin resistance in ER+MC cells. AMPC partially re-sensitized the doxorubicin resistant cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Indeed, doxorubicin resistant ER + MC cells exhibited increased sensitivity to AMPC as a single agent compared to doxorubicin sensitive cells. In vivo, AMPC attenuated growth of doxorubicin sensitive ER+MC xenografts whereas it produced regression of xenografts generated by doxorubicin resistant ER+MC cells. Hence, TFF3 inhibition may improve the efficacy and reduce required doses of doxorubicin in ER+MC. Moreover, inhibition of TFF3 may also be an effective therapeutic strategy to eradicate doxorubicin resistant ER+MC.
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23
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Lynce F, Wang H, Petricoin EF, Pohlmann PR, Smaglo B, Hwang J, He AR, Subramaniam DS, Deeken J, Marshall J, Pishvaian MJ. A phase I study of HER1, HER2 dual kinase inhibitor lapatinib plus the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1145-1151. [PMID: 31538230 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I trial evaluated the maximum tolerated dose, safety and preliminary efficacy of lapatinib, a HER1, HER2 dual kinase inhibitor plus bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, in adult patients with advanced malignancies. METHODS Patients were enrolled in a standard 3 + 3 design with lapatinib (L) 750, 1000, 1250 or 1500 mg daily, and bortezomib (B) 0.7, 1.0, 1.3 or 1.6 mg/m2 for 3 weeks with 1 week off. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were assessed during the first 28 days RESULTS: Fifteen patients received the combination of lapatinib and bortezomib in three different cohorts and ten were evaluable for DLT. There were no DLTs. Anorexia was the most common adverse event. Biomarker analysis showed upregulation of p27 expression with lapatinib and the combination. No tumor response was observed and thus the study was closed early. CONCLUSION The combination of lapatinib and bortezomib was well tolerated but no complete or partial tumor responses were observed at the dose levels tested. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01497626.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lynce
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Paula R Pohlmann
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brandon Smaglo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jimmy Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Aiwu R He
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deepa S Subramaniam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,AstraZeneca plc, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - John Deeken
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - John Marshall
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA. .,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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Panicker RC, Chattopadhaya S, Coyne AG, Srinivasan R. Allosteric Small-Molecule Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1163:253-278. [PMID: 31707707 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8719-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of protein kinase activity has been linked to many diseases ranging from cancer to AIDS and neurodegenerative diseases. Not surprisingly, drugging the human kinome - the complete set of kinases encoded by the human genome - has been one of the major drug discovery pipelines. Majority of the approved clinical kinase inhibitors target the ATP binding site of kinases. However, the remarkable sequence and structural similarity of ATP binding pockets of kinases make selective inhibition of kinases a daunting task. To circumvent these issues, allosteric inhibitors that target sites other than the orthosteric ATP binding pocket have been developed. The structural diversity of the allosteric sites allows these inhibitors to have higher selectivity, lower toxicity and improved physiochemical properties and overcome drug resistance associated with the use of conventional kinase inhibitors. In this chapter, we will focus on the allosteric inhibitors of selected serine/threonine kinases, outline the benefits of using these inhibitors and discuss the challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi C Panicker
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anthony G Coyne
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rajavel Srinivasan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Akt1 inhibition promotes breast cancer metastasis through EGFR-mediated β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:82. [PMID: 30445978 PMCID: PMC6240210 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knockdown of Akt1 promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in breast cancer cells. However, the mechanisms are not completely understood. Methods Western blotting, immunofluorescence, luciferase assay, real time PCR, ELISA and Matrigel invasion assay were used to investigate how Akt1 inhibition promotes breast cancer cell invasion in vitro. Mouse model of lung metastasis was used to measure in vivo efficacy of Akt inhibitor MK2206 and its combination with Gefitinib. Results Knockdown of Akt1 stimulated β-catenin nuclear accumulation, resulting in breast cancer cell invasion. β-catenin nuclear accumulation induced by Akt1 inhibition depended on the prolonged activation of EGFR signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Mechanistic experiments documented that knockdown of Akt1 inactivates PIKfyve via dephosphorylating of PIKfyve at Ser318 site, resulting in a decreased degradation of EGFR signaling pathway. Inhibition of Akt1 using MK2206 could induce an increase in the expression of EGFR and β-catenin in breast cancer cells. In addition, MK2206 at a low dosage enhance breast cancer metastasis in a mouse model of lung metastasis, while an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase Gefitinib could potentially suppress breast cancer metastasis induced by Akt1 inhibition. Conclusion EGFR-mediated β-catenin nuclear accumulation is critical for Akt1 inhibition-induced breast cancer metastasis.
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Kalinsky K, Sparano JA, Zhong X, Andreopoulou E, Taback B, Wiechmann L, Feldman SM, Ananthakrishnan P, Ahmad A, Cremers S, Sireci AN, Cross JR, Marks DK, Mundi P, Connolly E, Crew KD, Maurer MA, Hibshoosh H, Lee S, Hershman DL. Pre-surgical trial of the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in patients with operable invasive breast cancer: a New York Cancer Consortium trial. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1474-1483. [PMID: 29736694 PMCID: PMC6222014 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an oncogenic driver in breast cancer (BC). In this multi-center, pre-surgical study, we evaluated the tissue effects of the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in women with stage I-III BC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two doses of weekly oral MK2206 were administered at days - 9 and - 2 before surgery. The primary endpoint was reduction of pAktSer473 in breast tumor tissue from diagnostic biopsy to surgery. Secondary endpoints included changes in PI3K/AKT pathway tumor markers, tumor proliferation (ki-67), insulin growth factor pathway blood markers, pharmacokinetics (PK), genomics, and MK-2206 tolerability. Paired t tests were used to compare biomarker changes in pre- and post-MK-2206, and two-sample t tests to compare with prospectively accrued untreated controls. RESULTS Despite dose reductions, the trial was discontinued after 12 patients due to grade III rash, mucositis, and pruritus. While there was a trend to reduction in pAKT after MK-2206 (p = 0.06), there was no significant change compared to controls (n = 5, p = 0.65). After MK-2206, no significant changes in ki-67, pS6, PTEN, or stathmin were observed. There was no significant association between dose level and PK (p = 0.11). Compared to controls, MK-2206 significantly increased serum glucose (p = 0.02), insulin (p < 0.01), C-peptide (p < 0.01), and a trend in IGFBP-3 (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION While a trend to pAKT reduction after MK-2206 was observed, there was no significant change compared to controls. However, the accrued population was limited, due to toxicity being greater than expected. Pre-surgical trials can identify in vivo activity in the early drug development, but side effects must be considered in this healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kalinsky
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - J A Sparano
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - X Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - B Taback
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - L Wiechmann
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - S M Feldman
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - A Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - S Cremers
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - A N Sireci
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - J R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - D K Marks
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - P Mundi
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - E Connolly
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - K D Crew
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - M A Maurer
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - H Hibshoosh
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - S Lee
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - D L Hershman
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Pavilion, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 10th Floor, Room 1069, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Chen X, Cui D, Bi Y, Shu J, Xiong X, Zhao Y. AKT inhibitor MK-2206 sensitizes breast cancer cells to MLN4924, a first-in-class NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2069-2079. [PMID: 30198810 PMCID: PMC6224269 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1515550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer among female cancer patients and the main cause of cancer-related deaths. During the last decades, targeted therapies for breast cancer have been rapidly developing. Among them, MLN4924, a first-in-class NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, has performed antitumor activity by inactivating the cullin-RING ligases and causing the accumulation of their substrates to induce apoptosis in a number of studies. In this study, we found that MLN4924 activates the AKT pathway in both HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Given that AKT signaling is responsible for tumor progression and drug resistance in some types of cancers, we hypothesized that the AKT inhibitor may synergistically enhance the tumor suppression capability in breast cancer by MLN4924. To demonstrate the sensitizing effect, MK-2206 was chosen as the adjuvant treatment, and cell growth, migration and apoptosis were detected. The results showed that MLN4924 treatment inhibited cell growth and migration and induced apoptosis in both SK-BR3 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines. More importantly, the combined treatment of MLN4924 and MK-2206 indeed caused stronger cytotoxicity and inhibition of migration and a much higher induction of apoptosis compared with MLN4924 treatment alone. Our study provides the proof-of-concept evidence for strategic drug combination of MLN4924 with an AKT inhibitor for maximal killing of breast cancer cells via the enhancement of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danrui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Bi
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibition of Akt1. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090450. [PMID: 30205513 PMCID: PMC6162393 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt1) is a proto-oncogene that is overactive in most cancers. Akt1 activation requires phosphorylation at Thr308; phosphorylation at Ser473 further enhances catalytic activity. Akt1 activity is also regulated via interactions between the kinase domain and the N-terminal auto-inhibitory pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. As it was previously difficult to produce Akt1 in site-specific phosphorylated forms, the contribution of each activating phosphorylation site to auto-inhibition was unknown. Using a combination of genetic code expansion and in vivo enzymatic phosphorylation, we produced Akt1 variants containing programmed phosphorylation to probe the interplay between Akt1 phosphorylation status and the auto-inhibitory function of the PH domain. Deletion of the PH domain increased the enzyme activity for all three phosphorylated Akt1 variants. For the doubly phosphorylated enzyme, deletion of the PH domain relieved auto-inhibition by 295-fold. We next found that phosphorylation at Ser473 provided resistance to chemical inhibition by Akti-1/2 inhibitor VIII. The Akti-1/2 inhibitor was most effective against pAkt1T308 and showed four-fold decreased potency with Akt1 variants phosphorylated at Ser473. The data highlight the need to design more potent Akt1 inhibitors that are effective against the doubly phosphorylated and most pathogenic form of Akt1.
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Pondé N, Brandão M, El-Hachem G, Werbrouck E, Piccart M. Treatment of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer: 2018 and beyond. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 67:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Brandão M, Pondé NF, Poggio F, Kotecki N, Salis M, Lambertini M, de Azambuja E. Combination therapies for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: current and future prospects. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:629-649. [PMID: 29781317 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1477596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HER2-positive disease is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that has been revolutionized by anti-HER2 directed therapies. Multiple drugs have been developed and are currently in clinical use, including trastuzumab, lapatinib, pertuzumab, T-DM1, and neratinib, alone or combined in 'dual HER2-blockade' regimens. Areas covered: A comprehensive literature review was performed regarding the current state and the future of combination regimens containing anti-HER2 agents, focusing on their efficacy, toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. Expert commentary: The combination of trastuzumab/pertuzumab is approved in all disease settings, while trastuzumab/neratinib is approved in the adjuvant setting and trastuzumab/lapatinib in metastatic disease. Meanwhile, as breast cancer biology and resistance mechanisms become clearer, combinations with drugs like PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors, anti-PD(L)1 antibodies, endocrine therapy, and new anti-HER2 agents (panHER and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, anti-HER3 antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates) are being extensively tested in clinical trials. More specific strategies for the 'triple-positive' (estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-positive) disease are also being explored. However, there is an urgent need for the development of predictive biomarkers for a better tailoring of anti-HER2 directed therapy. This is the only way to further improve clinical outcomes and quality of life and to decrease costs and toxicities of unnecessary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brandão
- a Medical Department , Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Noam F Pondé
- a Medical Department , Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Francesca Poggio
- a Medical Department , Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) , Brussels , Belgium.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Oncologia Medica 2, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS per l'Oncologia , Genova , Italy
| | - Nuria Kotecki
- a Medical Department , Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Mauren Salis
- c Clinical Oncology Department , Hospital Santa Rita, Complexo Hospitalar Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre; Rua Sarmento Leite , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- a Medical Department , Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- a Medical Department , Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) , Brussels , Belgium
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Costa RLB, Han HS, Gradishar WJ. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in triple-negative breast cancer: a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:397-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Begemann D, Anastos H, Kyprianou N. Cell death under epithelial-mesenchymal transition control in prostate cancer therapeutic response. Int J Urol 2018; 25:318-326. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Begemann
- Department of Urology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Harry Anastos
- Department of Urology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry; University of Kentucky College of Medicine; Lexington Kentucky USA
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García-Aranda M, Redondo M. Protein Kinase Targets in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122543. [PMID: 29186886 PMCID: PMC5751146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With 1.67 million new cases and 522,000 deaths in the year 2012, breast cancer is the most common type of diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in women around the world. Despite the success of screening programs and the development of adjuvant therapies, a significant percentage of breast cancer patients will suffer a metastatic disease that, to this day, remains incurable and justifies the research of new therapies to improve their life expectancy. Among the new therapies that have been developed in recent years, the emergence of targeted therapies has been a milestone in the fight against cancer. Over the past decade, many studies have shown a causal role of protein kinase dysregulations or mutations in different human diseases, including cancer. Along these lines, cancer research has demonstrated a key role of many protein kinases during human tumorigenesis and cancer progression, turning these molecules into valid candidates for new targeted therapies. The subsequent discovery and introduction in 2001 of the kinase inhibitor imatinib, as a targeted treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia, revolutionized cancer genetic pathways research, and lead to the development of multiple small-molecule kinase inhibitors against various malignancies, including breast cancer. In this review, we analyze studies published to date about novel small-molecule kinase inhibitors and evaluate if they would be useful to develop new treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilina García-Aranda
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital Costa del Sol, Carretera de Cádiz km, 187, 29600 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Biochemistry Department, Hospital Costa del Sol, Carretera de Cádiz km, 187, 29600 Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
- Biochemistry Department, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 32, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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AKT/PKB Signaling: Navigating the Network. Cell 2017; 169:381-405. [PMID: 28431241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2335] [Impact Index Per Article: 333.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Ser and Thr kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), was discovered 25 years ago and has been the focus of tens of thousands of studies in diverse fields of biology and medicine. There have been many advances in our knowledge of the upstream regulatory inputs into AKT, key multifunctional downstream signaling nodes (GSK3, FoxO, mTORC1), which greatly expand the functional repertoire of AKT, and the complex circuitry of this dynamically branching and looping signaling network that is ubiquitous to nearly every cell in our body. Mouse and human genetic studies have also revealed physiological roles for the AKT network in nearly every organ system. Our comprehension of AKT regulation and functions is particularly important given the consequences of AKT dysfunction in diverse pathological settings, including developmental and overgrowth syndromes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and neurological disorders. There has also been much progress in developing AKT-selective small molecule inhibitors. Improved understanding of the molecular wiring of the AKT signaling network continues to make an impact that cuts across most disciplines of the biomedical sciences.
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O'Donnell JS, Massi D, Teng MWL, Mandala M. PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibition in cancer immunotherapy, redux. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:91-103. [PMID: 28467889 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies will increasingly be utilized in combination to treat advanced malignancies so as to increase their long-term efficacy in a greater proportion of patients. In particular, much attention has focused on developing targeted therapies that inhibit the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network which is dysregulated in many cancer types. In addition, there is now a growing appreciation that targeting of these pathways can impact not only on cancer cells, but also host immunity. The clinical success of cancer immunotherapies targeting T-cell immune checkpoint receptors PD-1/PD-L1 has demonstrated the importance of immunoevasion as a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we discuss how PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors target cancer cell biology, attenuate immune cell effector function and modulate the tumor microenvironment. We next discuss how the immunomodulatory potential of these inhibitors can be exploited through rational combinations with immunotherapies and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S O'Donnell
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniela Massi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Haematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Cancer Center Hospital,Piazza OMS 1, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario Mandala
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
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Xu Z, Yan Y, Xiao L, Dai S, Zeng S, Qian L, Wang L, Yang X, Xiao Y, Gong Z. Radiosensitizing effect of diosmetin on radioresistant lung cancer cells via Akt signaling pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175977. [PMID: 28414793 PMCID: PMC5393875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a powerful tool in the treatment of cancer that has the advantage of preserving normal tissues. However, tumor radioresistance currently remains a major impediment to effective RT. Thus, exploring effective radiation sensitizers is urgently needed. In this study, we have shown that diosmetin, the aglycone of the lavonoid glycoside from olive leaves, citrus fruits and some medicinal herbs, has a promising effect on radiotherapy sensitization. In our results, DIO could induce G1 phase arrest and thus enhance the radiosensitivity of radioresistant A549/IR lung cancer cells. Furthermore, DIO also restrains the IR-induced DNA damage repair by inhibiting the activated Akt signaling pathway. The combination of Akt inhibition (DIO, LY294002 or MK-2206) and radiation potently blocked A549/IR cancer cell proliferation. In summary, these observations suggest that the natural compound DIO could act as a potential drug for the treatment of radioresistant lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingfang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail:
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37
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Abstract
PI3K/AKT signalling is commonly disrupted in human cancers, with AKT being a central component of the pathway, influencing multiple processes that are directly involved in tumourigenesis. Targeting AKT is therefore a highly attractive anti-cancer strategy with multiple AKT inhibitors now in various stages of clinical development. In this review, we summarise the role and regulation of AKT signalling in normal cellular physiology. We highlight the mechanisms by which AKT signalling can be hyperactivated in cancers and discuss the past, present and future clinical strategies for AKT inhibition in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Udai Banerji
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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38
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Lin A, Hu Q, Li C, Xing Z, Ma G, Wang C, Li J, Ye Y, Yao J, Liang K, Wang S, Park PK, Marks JR, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Hung MC, Liang H, Hu Z, Shen H, Hawke DH, Han L, Zhou Y, Lin C, Yang L. The LINK-A lncRNA interacts with PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 to hyperactivate AKT and confer resistance to AKT inhibitors. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:238-251. [PMID: 28218907 PMCID: PMC5332298 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) mediates signaling pathways as a second messenger in response to extracellular signals. Although primordial functions of phospholipids and RNAs have been hypothesized in the “RNA world”, physiological RNA-phospholipid interactions and their involvement in essential cellular processes has remained a mystery. We explicate the contribution of lipid-binding long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer cells. Among them, Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA for Kinase Activation (LINK-A) directly interacts with AKT pleckstrin homology domain and PIP3 at the single nucleotide level, facilitating AKT-PIP3 interaction and consequent enzymatic activation. LINK-A-dependent AKT hyperactivation leads to tumorigenesis and resistance to AKT inhibitors. Genomic deletions of the LINK-A PIP3-binding motif dramatically sensitized breast cancer cells to AKT inhibitors. Furthermore, meta-analysis showed the correlation between LINK-A expression and incidence of a SNP (rs12095274: A>G), AKT phosphorylation status, and poor outcomes for breast and lung cancer patients. PIP3-binding lncRNA modulates AKT activation with broad clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifu Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chunlai Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Xing
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Guolin Ma
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yin Ye
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Peter K Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Science, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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39
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Chamberlin MD, Bernhardt EB, Miller TW. Clinical Implementation of Novel Targeted Therapeutics in Advanced Breast Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2454-63. [PMID: 27146558 PMCID: PMC6010350 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The majority of advanced breast cancers have genetic alterations that are potentially targetable with drugs. Through initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), data can be mined to provide context for next-generation sequencing (NGS) results in the landscape of advanced breast cancer. Therapies for targets other than estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and HER2, such as cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6, were recently approved based on efficacy in patient subpopulations, but no predictive biomarkers have been found, leaving clinicians to continue a trial-and-error approach with each patient. Next-generation sequencing identifies potentially actionable alterations in genes thought to be drivers in the cancerous process including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), and mutant HER2. Epigenetically directed and immunologic therapies have also shown promise for the treatment of breast cancer via histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and 3, programmed T cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed T cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Identifying biomarkers to predict primary resistance in breast cancer will ultimately affect clinical decisions regarding adjuvant therapy in the first-line setting. However, the bulk of medical decision-making is currently made in the secondary resistance setting. Herein, we review the clinical potential of PI3K, AKT, FGFRs, mutant HER2, HDAC1/3, PD-1, and PD-L1 as therapeutic targets in breast cancer, focusing on the rationale for therapeutic development and the status of clinical testing. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2454-2463, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Chamberlin
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, One Medical Center Dr., Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
- Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
| | - Erica B Bernhardt
- Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Todd W Miller
- Comprehensive Breast Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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