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Jones CE, Sharick JT, Sizemore ST, Cukierman E, Strohecker AM, Leight JL. A miniaturized screening platform to identify novel regulators of extracellular matrix alignment. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1471-1486. [PMID: 36530465 PMCID: PMC9757767 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix alignment contributes to metastasis in a number of cancers and is a known prognostic stromal factor; however, the mechanisms controlling matrix organization remain unclear. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical role in this process, particularly via matrix production and modulation of key signaling pathways controlling cell adhesion and contractility. Stroma normalization, as opposed to elimination, is a highly sought strategy, and screening for drugs that effectively alter extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment is a practical way to identify novel CAF-normalizing targets that modulate ECM organization. To meet this need, we developed a novel high-throughput screening platform in which fibroblast-derived matrices were produced in 384-well plates, imaged with automated confocal microscopy, and analyzed using a customized MATLAB script. This platform is a technical advance because it miniaturizes the assay, eliminates costly and time-consuming experimental steps, and streamlines data acquisition and analysis to enable high-throughput screening applications. As a proof of concept, this platform was used to screen a kinase inhibitor library to identify modulators of matrix alignment. A number of novel potential regulators were identified, including several receptor tyrosine kinases (c-MET, tropomyosin receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1), HER2/ERBB2) and the serine/threonine kinases protein kinase A, C, and G (PKA, PKC, and PKG). The expression of these regulators was analyzed in publicly available patient datasets to examine the association between stromal gene expression and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joe T. Sharick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Cancer Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven T. Sizemore
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Cancer Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics, The Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Marie Strohecker
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Cancer Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer L. Leight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Cancer Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Litak J, Czyżewski W, Szymoniuk M, Sakwa L, Pasierb B, Litak J, Hoffman Z, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. Biological and Clinical Aspects of Metastatic Spinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194599. [PMID: 36230523 PMCID: PMC9559304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Our literature review aimed to describe the up-to-date knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in the spine’s metastatic processes. Moreover, we described current data regarding bone-targeted treatment, the emerging targeted therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy used for the treatment of spine metastases. We hope that knowledge comprehensively presented in our review will contribute to the development of novel drugs targeting specific biomarkers and pathways. The more we learn about the molecular aspects of cancer metastasis, the easier it will be to look for treatment methods that will allow us to precisely kill tumor cells. Abstract Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Thanks to continuous research, there appears more and more detailed knowledge about cancer and metastasis, but these transformations are extremely complicated, e.g., due to the complexity of reactions, the variety of places where they occur, or the participation of both tumor cells and host cells in these transitions. The right target points in tumor metastasis mechanisms are still being researched; that will help us in the proper diagnosis as well as in finding the right treatment. In this literature review, we described the current knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in metastatic processes involving the spine. We also presented a current bone-targeted treatment for spine metastases and the emerging therapies targeting the discussed molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, Lekarska 4, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Hoffman
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Hunting for Novel Routes in Anticancer Drug Discovery: Peptides against Sam-Sam Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810397. [PMID: 36142306 PMCID: PMC9499636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the diverse protein binding modules, Sam (Sterile alpha motif) domains attract attention due to their versatility. They are present in different organisms and play many functions in physiological and pathological processes by binding multiple partners. The EphA2 receptor contains a Sam domain at the C-terminus (EphA2-Sam) that is able to engage protein regulators of receptor stability (including the lipid phosphatase Ship2 and the adaptor Odin). Ship2 and Odin are recruited by EphA2-Sam through heterotypic Sam-Sam interactions. Ship2 decreases EphA2 endocytosis and consequent degradation, producing chiefly pro-oncogenic outcomes in a cellular milieu. Odin, through its Sam domains, contributes to receptor stability by possibly interfering with ubiquitination. As EphA2 is upregulated in many types of tumors, peptide inhibitors of Sam-Sam interactions by hindering receptor stability could function as anticancer therapeutics. This review describes EphA2-Sam and its interactome from a structural and functional perspective. The diverse design strategies that have thus far been employed to obtain peptides targeting EphA2-mediated Sam-Sam interactions are summarized as well. The generated peptides represent good initial lead compounds, but surely many efforts need to be devoted in the close future to improve interaction affinities towards Sam domains and consequently validate their anticancer properties.
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Sethakorn N, Heninger E, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Ding AB, Yada RC, Kerr SC, Kosoff D, Beebe DJ, Lang JM. Advancing Treatment of Bone Metastases through Novel Translational Approaches Targeting the Bone Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:757. [PMID: 35159026 PMCID: PMC8833657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases represent a lethal condition that frequently occurs in solid tumors such as prostate, breast, lung, and renal cell carcinomas, and increase the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) including pain, pathologic fractures, and spinal cord compression. This unique metastatic niche consists of a multicellular complex that cancer cells co-opt to engender bone remodeling, immune suppression, and stromal-mediated therapeutic resistance. This review comprehensively discusses clinical challenges of bone metastases, novel preclinical models of the bone and bone marrow microenviroment, and crucial signaling pathways active in bone homeostasis and metastatic niche. These studies establish the context to summarize the current state of investigational agents targeting BM, and approaches to improve BM-targeting therapies. Finally, we discuss opportunities to advance research in bone and bone marrow microenvironments by increasing complexity of humanized preclinical models and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to translational research in this challenging metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sethakorn
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Erika Heninger
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Adeline B. Ding
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Sheena C. Kerr
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - David Kosoff
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J. Beebe
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (N.S.); (E.H.); (C.S.-d.-D.); (A.B.D.); (S.C.K.); (D.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Luo J, Zou H, Guo Y, Tong T, Ye L, Zhu C, Deng L, Wang B, Pan Y, Li P. SRC kinase-mediated signaling pathways and targeted therapies in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:99. [PMID: 36581908 PMCID: PMC9798727 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has been ranked the most common malignant tumor throughout the world and is also a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. SRC family kinases (SFKs) belong to the non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) family, which has eleven members sharing similar structure and function. Among them, SRC is the first identified proto-oncogene in mammalian cells. Oncogenic overexpression or activation of SRC has been revealed to play essential roles in multiple events of BC progression, including tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, drug resistance and stemness regulations. In this review, we will first give an overview of SRC kinase and SRC-relevant functions in various subtypes of BC and then systematically summarize SRC-mediated signaling transductions, with particular emphasis on SRC-mediated substrate phosphorylation in BC. Furthermore, we will discuss the progress of SRC-based targeted therapies in BC and the potential future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailin Zou
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Guo
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongyu Tong
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Department of Urology, Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Ye
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Deng
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Department of General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihang Pan
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518107 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Barcus CE, Hwang PY, Morikis V, Brenot A, Pence P, Clarke M, Longmore GD. Tyrosine kinase-independent actions of DDR2 in tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts influence tumor invasion, migration and metastasis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272035. [PMID: 34477203 PMCID: PMC8542384 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Both tumor cell-intrinsic signals and tumor cell-extrinsic signals from cells within the tumor microenvironment influence tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. The fibrillar collagen receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is essential for breast cancer metastasis in mouse models, and high expression of DDR2 in tumor and tumor stromal cells is strongly associated with poorer clinical outcomes. DDR2 tyrosine kinase activity has been hypothesized to be required for the metastatic activity of DDR2; however, inhibition of DDR2 tyrosine kinase activity, along with that of other RTKs, has failed to provide clinically relevant responses in metastatic patients. Here, we show that tyrosine kinase activity-independent action of DDR2 in tumor cells can support Matrigel invasion and in vivo metastasis. Paracrine actions of DDR2 in tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) also support tumor invasion, migration and lung colonization in vivo. These data suggest that tyrosine kinase-independent functions of DDR2 could explain failures of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in metastatic breast cancer patients and highlight the need for alternative therapeutic strategies that inhibit both tyrosine kinase-dependent and -independent actions of RTKs in the treatment of breast cancer. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E. Barcus
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Priscilla Y. Hwang
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Vasilios Morikis
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Audrey Brenot
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick Pence
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria Clarke
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory D. Longmore
- ICCE Institute, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Medicine (Oncology), Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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Falvello V, Van Poznak C. Updates in Management of Bone Metastatic Disease in Primary Solid Tumors with Systemic Therapies. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:452-461. [PMID: 34191239 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight novel and impactful discoveries in systemic treatment of bone metastatic disease in solid tumors published within the past 5 years. RECENT FINDINGS Major developments in systemic treatment of bone metastatic disease in solid tumors include evidence that decreasing frequency of dosing zoledronic acid in metastatic breast and prostate cancer maintains efficacy in preventing skeletal-related events while decreasing costs. The landmark findings on the use of Radium-223 to treat metastatic prostate cancer were reported in 2013. Recently, it has been found that not all systemic therapy combinations with Radium-223 are necessarily safe or effective unless bone-targeted therapy is also included in the regimen. More cost-effective dosing intervals of zoledronic acid and efficacy and safety nuances of combination radiopharmaceutical and chemotherapy treatment have been better delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Falvello
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Catherine Van Poznak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Venetis K, Piciotti R, Sajjadi E, Invernizzi M, Morganti S, Criscitiello C, Fusco N. Breast Cancer with Bone Metastasis: Molecular Insights and Clinical Management. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061377. [PMID: 34199522 PMCID: PMC8229615 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer patients, the presence or development of metastasis remains an incurable condition. Bone is one of the most frequent sites of distant dissemination and negatively impacts on patient's survival and overall frailty. The interplay between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment induces bone destruction and tumor progression. To date, the clinical management of bone metastatic breast cancer encompasses anti-tumor systemic therapies along with bone-targeting agents, aimed at slowing bone resorption to reduce the risk of skeletal-related events. However, their effect on patients' survival remains controversial. Unraveling the biology that governs the interplay between breast neoplastic cells and bone tissue would provide means for the development of new therapeutic agents. This article outlines the state-of-the art in the characterization and targeting the bone metastasis in breast cancer, focusing on the major clinical and translational studies on this clinically relevant topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Venetis
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (K.V.); (R.P.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Piciotti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (K.V.); (R.P.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (K.V.); (R.P.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Infrastruttura Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (IRFI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Stefania Morganti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (K.V.); (R.P.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (K.V.); (R.P.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (N.F.); Tel.: +39-02-9437-2079 (N.F.)
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (K.V.); (R.P.); (E.S.); (S.M.)
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (N.F.); Tel.: +39-02-9437-2079 (N.F.)
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Wilson K, Shiuan E, Brantley-Sieders DM. Oncogenic functions and therapeutic targeting of EphA2 in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2483-2495. [PMID: 33686241 PMCID: PMC8035212 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
More than 25 years of research and preclinical validation have defined EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising molecular target for clinical translation in cancer treatment. Molecular, genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological targeting strategies have been extensively tested in vitro and in vivo, and drugs like dasatinib, initially designed to target SRC family kinases, have been found to also target EphA2 activity. Other small molecules, therapeutic targeting antibodies, and peptide-drug conjugates are being tested, and more recently, approaches harnessing antitumor immunity against EphA2-expressing cancer cells have emerged as a promising strategy. This review will summarize preclinical studies supporting the oncogenic role of EphA2 in breast cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma, while delineating the differing roles of canonical and noncanonical EphA2 signaling in each setting. This review also summarizes completed and ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the promise and challenges of targeting EphA2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalin Wilson
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eileen Shiuan
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Vaught DB, Merkel AR, Lynch CC, Edwards J, Tantawy MN, Hilliard T, Wang S, Peterson T, Johnson RW, Sterling JA, Brantley‐Sieders D. EphA2 Is a Clinically Relevant Target for Breast Cancer Bone Metastatic Disease. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10465. [PMID: 33869989 PMCID: PMC8046157 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is highly expressed in breast tumor cells across multiple molecular subtypes and correlates with poor patient prognosis. In this study, the potential role of EphA2 in this clinically relevant phenomenon is investigated as metastasis of breast cancer to bone is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. It was found that the EphA2 function in breast cancer cells promotes osteoclast activation and the development of osteolytic bone disease. Blocking EphA2 function molecularly and pharmacologically in breast tumors reduced the number and size of bone lesions and the degree of osteolytic disease in intratibial and intracardiac mouse models, which correlated with a significant decrease in the number of osteoclasts at the tumor-bone interface. EphA2 loss of function in tumor cells impaired osteoclast progenitor differentiation in coculture, which is mediated, at least in part, by reduced expression of IL-6. EPHA2 transcript levels are enriched in human breast cancer bone metastatic lesions relative to visceral metastatic sites; EphA2 protein expression was detected in breast tumor cells in bone metastases in patient samples, supporting the clinical relevance of the study's findings. These data provide a strong rationale for the development and application of molecularly targeted therapies against EphA2 for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastatic disease. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Vaught
- Department of Cancer BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Alyssa R Merkel
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Department of Tumor BiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
| | | | - Mohammed Noor Tantawy
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Timothy Hilliard
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Todd Peterson
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Tumor BiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9)Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Dana Brantley‐Sieders
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Tumor BiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
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11
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How Different Are the Molecular Mechanisms of Nodal and Distant Metastasis in Luminal A Breast Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092638. [PMID: 32947901 PMCID: PMC7563588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymph node status is one of the best prognostic factors in breast cancer, however, its association with distant metastasis is not straightforward. Here we compare molecular mechanisms of nodal and distant metastasis in molecular subtypes of breast cancer, with major focus on luminal A patients. Our results indicate that lymph node positivity is associated with NF-κB and Src pathways and is related to high risk of distant metastasis in luminal A patients. Distant metastasis of lymph node negative tumors is related to cell proliferation control and thrombolysis, whereas distant metastasis of lymph node positive tumors is associated mostly to immune response. These mechanisms vary in other molecular subtypes. Our data indicate that the management of breast cancer and prevention of distant metastasis requires stratified approach based on targeted strategies. Abstract Lymph node status is one of the best prognostic factors in breast cancer, however, its association with distant metastasis is not straightforward. Here we compare molecular mechanisms of nodal and distant metastasis in molecular subtypes of breast cancer, with major focus on luminal A patients. We analyze a new cohort of 706 patients (MMCI_706) as well as an independent cohort of 836 primary tumors with full gene expression information (SUPERTAM_HGU133A). We evaluate the risk of distant metastasis, analyze targetable molecular mechanisms in Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and identify relevant inhibitors. Lymph node positivity is generally associated with NF-κB and Src pathways and is related to high risk (OR: 5.062 and 2.401 in MMCI_706 and SUPERTAM_HGU133A, respectively, p < 0.05) of distant metastasis in luminal A patients. However, a part (≤15%) of lymph node negative tumors at the diagnosis develop the distant metastasis which is related to cell proliferation control and thrombolysis. Distant metastasis of lymph node positive patients is mostly associated with immune response. These pro-metastatic mechanisms further vary in other molecular subtypes. Our data indicate that the management of breast cancer and prevention of distant metastasis requires stratified approach based on targeted strategies.
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12
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Src Family Kinases as Therapeutic Targets in Advanced Solid Tumors: What We Have Learned so Far. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061448. [PMID: 32498343 PMCID: PMC7352436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is the prototypal member of Src Family tyrosine Kinases (SFKs), a large non-receptor kinase class that controls multiple signaling pathways in animal cells. SFKs activation is necessary for the mitogenic signal from many growth factors, but also for the acquisition of migratory and invasive phenotype. Indeed, oncogenic activation of SFKs has been demonstrated to play an important role in solid cancers; promoting tumor growth and formation of distant metastases. Several drugs targeting SFKs have been developed and tested in preclinical models and many of them have successfully reached clinical use in hematologic cancers. Although in solid tumors SFKs inhibitors have consistently confirmed their ability in blocking cancer cell progression in several experimental models; their utilization in clinical trials has unveiled unexpected complications against an effective utilization in patients. In this review, we summarize basic molecular mechanisms involving SFKs in cancer spreading and metastasization; and discuss preclinical and clinical data highlighting the main challenges for their future application as therapeutic targets in solid cancer progression
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13
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Dewulf J, Vangestel C, Verhoeven Y, van Dam P, Elvas F, Van den Wyngaert T, Clézardin P. Bone metastases in the era of targeted treatments: insights from molecular biology. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2019; 63:98-111. [PMID: 31298015 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.19.03203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases remain a common feature of advanced cancers and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent research has identified promising novel treatment targets to improve current treatment strategies for bone metastatic disease. This review summarizes the well-known and recently discovered molecular biology pathways in bone that govern normal physiological remodeling or drive the pathophysiological changes observed when bone metastases are present. In the rapidly changing world of targeted cancer treatments, it is important to recognize the specific treatment effects induced in bone by these agents and the potential impact on common imaging strategies. The osteoclastic targets (bisphosphonates, LGR4, RANKL, mTOR, MET-VEGFR, cathepsin K, Src, Dock 5) and the osteoblastic targets (Wnt and endothelin) are discussed, and the emerging field of osteo-immunity is introduced as potential future therapeutic target. Finally, a summary is provided of available trial data for agents that target these pathways and that have been assessed in patients. The ultimate goal of research into novel pathways and targets involved in the tumor-bone microenvironment is to tackle one of the great remaining unmet needs in oncology, that is finding a cure for bone metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dewulf
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter van Dam
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium - .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM Laboratory Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatments of Bone Diseases, Lyon, France.,INSERM European Associated Laboratory Cancer and Bone Metastasis, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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14
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D'Oronzo S, Coleman R, Brown J, Silvestris F. Metastatic bone disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic options: Up-date on bone metastasis management. J Bone Oncol 2019; 15:004-4. [PMID: 30937279 PMCID: PMC6429006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases (BM) are a common complication of cancer, whose management often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Despite the recent therapeutic advances, patients with BM may still experience skeletal-related events and symptomatic skeletal events, with detrimental impact on quality of life and survival. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the onset of lytic and sclerotic BM has been acquired in the last decades, leading to the development of bone-targeting agents (BTA), mainly represented by anti-resorptive drugs and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have showed promising effects of novel agents, whose safety and efficacy need to be confirmed by prospective clinical trials. Among BTA, adjuvant bisphosphonates have also been shown to reduce the risk of BM in selected breast cancer patients, but failed to reduce the incidence of BM from lung and prostate cancer. Moreover, adjuvant denosumab did not improve BM free survival in patients with breast cancer, suggesting the need for further investigation to clarify BTA role in early-stage malignancies. The aim of this review is to describe BM pathogenesis and current treatment options in different clinical settings, as well as to explore the mechanism of action of novel potential therapeutic agents for which further investigation is needed.
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Key Words
- ActRIIA, activin-A type IIA receptor
- BC, breast cancer
- BM, bone metastases
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins
- BMSC, bone marrow stromal cells
- BPs, bisphosphonates
- BTA, bone targeting agents
- BTM, bone turnover markers
- Bone metastases
- Bone targeting agents
- CCR, chemokine-receptor
- CRPC, castration-resistant PC
- CXCL-12, C–X–C motif chemokine-ligand-12
- CXCR-4, chemokine-receptor-4
- DFS, disease-free survival
- DKK1, dickkopf1
- EBC, early BC
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- FDA, food and drug administration
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- GAS6, growth-arrest specific-6
- GFs, growth factors
- GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HR, hormone receptor
- IL, interleukin
- LC, lung cancer
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- MCSFR, MCSF receptor
- MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MPC, malignant plasma cells
- N-BPs, nitrogen-containing BPs
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- ONJ, osteonecrosis of the jaw
- OS, overall survival
- Osteotropic tumors
- PC, prostate cancer
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PIs, proteasome inhibitors
- PSA, prostate specific antigen
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- PTH-rP, PTH related protein
- QoL, quality of life
- RANK-L, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
- RT, radiation therapy
- SREs, skeletal-related events
- SSEs, symptomatic skeletal events
- Skeletal related events
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TK, tyrosine kinase
- TKIs, TK inhibitors
- TNF, tumornecrosis factor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, VEGF receptor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- non-N-BPs, non-nitrogen containing BPs
- v-ATPase, vacuolar-type H+ ATPase
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella D'Oronzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Robert Coleman
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Whitham Rd, Sheffield S10 2SJ, England, UK
| | - Janet Brown
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Whitham Rd, Sheffield S10 2SJ, England, UK
| | - Francesco Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P.za Giulio Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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15
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Multifunctional magnetic ZnFe2O4-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite particles for local anti-cancer drug delivery and bacterial infection inhibition: An in vitro study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Bone is the most common site of metastasis for breast cancer. Bone metastasis significantly affects both quality of life and survival of the breast cancer patient. Clinically, complications secondary to bone metastasis include pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia of malignancy. Because bone metastasis is extremely common in patients with metastatic breast cancer, clinical management of bone metastases is an important and challenging aspect of treatment in the metastatic setting.The skeleton is a metabolically active organ system that undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life. A delicate balance of the bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the dynamic microenvironment of the skeleton maintains normal bone remodeling and integrity. The presence of metastatic lesions in bone disrupts the normal bone microenvironment and upsets the fine balance between the key components. The changes in the bone microenvironment then create a vicious cycle that further promotes bone destruction and tumor progression.Various therapeutic options are available for bone metastases of breast cancer. Treatment can be tailored for each patient and, often requires multiple therapeutic interventions. Commonly used modalities include local therapies such as surgery, radiation therapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) together with systemic therapies such as endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody-based therapy, bone-enhancing therapy and radioisotope therapy. Despite the use of various therapeutic modalities, bone metastases eventually become resistant to therapy, and disease progresses.In this chapter, we describe the clinical picture and biological mechanism of bone metastases in breast cancer. We also discuss known risk factors as well as detection and assessment of bone metastases. We present therapeutic options for bone metastasis using a multidisciplinary approach. Further, we describe future directions for bone metastasis management, focusing on novel bone-specific targeted therapies.
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17
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Kennedy LC, Gadi V. Dasatinib in breast cancer: Src-ing for response in all the wrong kinases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:S60. [PMID: 30613635 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Kennedy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vijayakrishna Gadi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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19
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Chen Y, Zhang Y. Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System to Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700964. [PMID: 29938175 PMCID: PMC6010891 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates that drug resistance is a great obstacle in breast cancer therapy. It renders the disease uncontrollable and causes high mortality. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development of drug resistance, but the underlying cause is usually a shift in the genetic composition of tumor cells. It is increasingly feasible to engineer the genome with the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas)9 technology recently developed, which might be advantageous in overcoming drug resistance. This article discusses how the CRISPR/Cas9 system might revert resistance gene mutations and identify potential resistance targets in drug-resistant breast cancer. In addition, the challenges that impede the clinical applicability of this technology and highlight the CRISPR/Cas9 systems are presented. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is poised to play an important role in preventing drug resistance in breast cancer therapy and will become an essential tool for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinnan Chen
- School of Molecular SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of PharmacyHealth Science CenterXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi Province710061P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and EngineeringXi'an710061P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & CommenceXianyang712046P. R. China
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20
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Xu CY, Zhao S, Wang YY, Sha H, Sun JN, Jin FY, Niu F. Curative Effects of Zoledronic Acid Combined with Calcitonin on the Treatment of Bone Metastasis and Osteoporosis in Lung Cancer. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.471.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Self-assembling nanoparticles encapsulating zoledronic acid inhibit mesenchymal stromal cells differentiation, migration and secretion of proangiogenic factors and their interactions with prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42926-42938. [PMID: 28477013 PMCID: PMC5522116 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic Acid (ZA) rapidly concentrates into the bone and reduces skeletal-related events and pain in bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), but exerts only a limited or absent impact as anti-cancer activity. Recently, we developed self-assembling nanoparticles (NPS) encapsulating zoledronic acid (NZ) that allowed a higher intratumor delivery of the drug compared with free zoledronic acid (ZA) in in vivo cancer models of PCa. Increasing evidence suggests that Bone Marrow (BM) Mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into the stroma of developing tumors where they contribute to progression by enhancing tumor growth and metastasis. We demonstrated that treatment with NZ decreased migration and differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts of MSCs and inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with NZ reduced the capability of MSCs to promote the migration and the clonogenic growth of the prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145. The levels of Interleukin-6 and of the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and FGF-2 were significantly reduced in MSC-CM derived from MSCs treated with NZ, and CCL5 secretion was almost totally abolished. Moreover, treatment of MSCs with supernatants from PC3 cells, leading to tumor-educated MSCs (TE-MSCs), increased the secretion of IL-6, CCL5, VEGF and FGF-2 by MSCs and increased their capability to increase PC3 cells clonogenic growth. Treatment with NZ decreased cytokine secretion and the pro-tumorigenic effects also of TE-MSCS. In conclusion, demonstrating that NZ is capable to inhibit the cross talk between MSCs and PCa, this study provides a novel insight to explain the powerful anticancer activity of NZ on PCa.
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22
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Nishida H. Bone-targeted agents in multiple myeloma. Hematol Rep 2018; 10:7401. [PMID: 29721251 PMCID: PMC5907643 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2018.7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease, characterized by bone pain, increased risk of pathologic fractures, tumor-induced hypercalcemia known as skeletal-related events (SREs), is a frequent complication of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and persists even in the absence of active disease, resulting in a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The interaction between myeloma cells and their surrounding cells in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment promotes both myeloma cell growth and bone destruction and forms the vicious cycle of MM bone disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting the interaction between myeloma cells and cellular components including osteoclasts (OCs), stromal cells and osteoblasts (OBs) in the BM is crucial not only to attain tumor regression but also to prevent or delay the incidence of SREs, which leads to improve survival and quality of life in affected patients. Recently, several novel targets which act on components of the cycle for treating MM-associated bone disease have been identified in addition to current treatments including nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. This review focuses on the overview of pathophysiology in MM-associated bone disease and summarizes its current clinical management. Several novel bone-targeted agents in preclinical setting will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nishida
- Department of Pathology, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Morris PG, Rota S, Cadoo K, Zamora S, Patil S, D'Andrea G, Gilewski T, Bromberg J, Dang C, Dickler M, Modi S, Seidman AD, Sklarin N, Norton L, Hudis CA, Fornier MN. Phase II Study of Paclitaxel and Dasatinib in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:387-394. [PMID: 29680193 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression and activation of tyrosine kinase Src has been linked to breast carcinogenesis and bone metastases. We showed the feasibility of combining the SRC inhibitor dasatinib with weekly paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and herein report the subsequent phase II trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients had received ≤ 2 chemotherapy regimens for measurable, HER2-negative MBC. Patients received paclitaxel and dasatinib (120 mg daily) and were assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors for overall response rate (ORR), the primary end point. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A 30% ORR (n = 55) was deemed worthy of further investigation. Exploratory biomarkers included N-telopeptide (NTX) and plasma vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 as predictors of clinical benefit. RESULTS From March 2010 to March 2014, 40 patients, including 2 men enrolled. The study was stopped early because of slow accrual. Overall, 32 patients (80%) had estrogen receptor-positive tumors and 23 (58%) had previously received taxanes. Of the 35 assessable patients, 1 (3%) had complete response and 7 (20%) partial response, resulting in an ORR of 23%. The median PFS and OS was 5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9-9.9) and 20.6 (95% CI, 12.9-25.2) months, respectively. As expected, fatigue (75%), neuropathy (65%), and diarrhea (50%) were common side effects, but were generally low-grade. Median baseline NTX was similar in patients who had clinical benefit (8.2 nmol BCE) and no clinical benefit (10.9 nmol BCE). Similarly, median baseline VEGF levels were similar between the 2 groups; 93.0 pg/mL versus 83.0 pg/mL. CONCLUSION This phase II study of dasatinib and paclitaxel was stopped early because of slow accrual but showed some clinical activity. Further study is not planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Morris
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Cancer Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Selene Rota
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karen Cadoo
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Stephen Zamora
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Sujata Patil
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Gabriella D'Andrea
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Theresa Gilewski
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Chau Dang
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Maura Dickler
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Shanu Modi
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Andrew D Seidman
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Nancy Sklarin
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Larry Norton
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Monica N Fornier
- Breast Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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Brook N, Brook E, Dharmarajan A, Dass CR, Chan A. Breast cancer bone metastases: pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:63-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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SRC Increases MYC mRNA Expression in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer via mRNA Stabilization and Inhibition of p53 Function. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00463-17. [PMID: 29263157 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00463-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor gene MYC is important in breast cancer, and its mRNA is maintained at a high level even in the absence of gene amplification. The mechanism(s) underlying increased MYC mRNA expression is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MYC mRNA was stabilized upon estrogen stimulation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells via SRC-dependent effects on a recently described RNA-binding protein, IMP1 with an N-terminal deletion (ΔN-IMP1). We also show that loss of the tumor suppressor p53 increased MYC mRNA levels even in the absence of estrogen stimulation. However, in cells with wild-type p53, SRC acted to overcome p53-mediated inhibition of estrogen-stimulated cell cycle entry and progression. SRC thus promotes cell proliferation in two ways: by stabilizing MYC mRNA and by inhibiting p53 function. Since estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers typically express wild-type p53, these studies establish a rationale for p53 status to be predictive for effective SRC inhibitor treatment in this subtype of breast cancer.
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Sousa S, Clézardin P. Bone-Targeted Therapies in Cancer-Induced Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:227-250. [PMID: 29079995 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-induced bone disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Thus, effective bone-targeted therapies are essential to improve disease-free, overall survival and quality of life of cancer patients with bone metastases. Depending of the cancer-type, bone metastases mainly involve the modulation of osteoclast and/or osteoblast activity by tumour cells. To inhibit metastatic bone disease effectively, it is imperative to understand its underlying mechanisms and identify the target cells for therapy. If the aim is to prevent bone metastasis, it is essential to target not only bone metastatic features in the tumour cells, but also tumour-nurturing bone microenvironment properties. The currently available bone-targeted agents mainly affect osteoclasts, inhibiting bone resorption (e.g. bisphosphonates, denosumab). Some agents targeting osteoblasts begin to emerge which target osteoblasts (e.g. romosozumab), activating bone formation. Moreover, certain drugs initially thought to target only osteoclasts are now known to have a dual action (activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts, e.g. proteasome inhibitors). This review will focus on the evolution of bone-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer-induced bone disease, summarizing preclinical and clinical findings obtained with anti-resorptive and bone anabolic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1033, 69372, Lyon, France.
- Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University of Lyon-1, 69372, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1033, 69372, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University of Lyon-1, 69372, Villeurbanne, France
- European Cancer and Bone Metastasis Laboratory, Department of Bone Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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The Src family kinase inhibitor dasatinib delays pain-related behaviour and conserves bone in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4792. [PMID: 28684771 PMCID: PMC5500481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a severe and debilitating complication of metastatic bone cancer. Current analgesics do not provide sufficient pain relief for all patients, creating a great need for new treatment options. The Src kinase, a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, is implicated in processes involved in cancer-induced bone pain, including cancer growth, osteoclastic bone degradation and nociceptive signalling. Here we investigate the role of dasatinib, an oral Src kinase family and Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in an animal model of cancer-induced bone pain. Daily administration of dasatinib (15 mg/kg, p.o.) from day 7 after inoculation of MRMT-1 mammary carcinoma cells significantly attenuated movement-evoked and non-evoked pain behaviour in cancer-bearing rats. Radiographic - and microcomputed tomographic analyses showed significantly higher relative bone density and considerably preserved bone micro-architecture in the dasatinib treated groups, suggesting a bone-preserving effect. This was supported by a significant reduction of serum TRACP 5b levels in cancer-bearing rats treated with 15 mg/kg dasatinib. Furthermore, immunoblotting of lumbar spinal segments showed an increased activation of Src but not the NMDA receptor subunit 2B. These findings support a role of dasatinib as a disease modifying drug in pain pathologies characterized by increased osteoclast activity, such as bone metastases.
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