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Serhan HA, Bao L, Cheng X, Qin Z, Liu CJ, Heth JA, Udager AM, Soellner MB, Merajver SD, Morikawa A, Merrill NM. Targeting fatty acid synthase in preclinical models of TNBC brain metastases synergizes with SN-38 and impairs invasion. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38858374 PMCID: PMC11164988 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid synthesis (FAS) has been shown to play a key role in the survival of brain-metastatic (BM) breast cancer. We demonstrate that the fatty acid synthase inhibitor TVB-2640 synergizes with the topoisomerase inhibitor SN-38 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) BM cell lines, upregulates FAS and downregulates cell cycle progression gene expression, and slows the motility of TNBC BM cell lines. The combination of SN-38 and TVB-2640 warrants further consideration as a potential therapeutic option in TNBC BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib A Serhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liwei Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhaoping Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason A Heth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aaron M Udager
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew B Soellner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sofia D Merajver
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aki Morikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nathan M Merrill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Cao Y, Meng F, Cai T, Gao L, Lee J, Solomevich SO, Aharodnikau UE, Guo T, Lan M, Liu F, Li Q, Viktor T, Li D, Cai Y. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems responsive to tumor microenvironment: Promising alternatives in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1950. [PMID: 38528388 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The conventional therapeutic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is negatively influenced by the development of tumor cell drug resistant, and systemic toxicity of therapeutic agents due to off-target activity. In accordance with research findings, nanoparticles (NPs) responsive to the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been discovered for providing opportunities to selectively target tumor cells via active targeting or Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. The combination of the TME control and therapeutic NPs offers promising solutions for improving the prognosis of the TNBC because the TME actively participates in tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. The NP-based systems leverage stimulus-responsive mechanisms, such as low pH value, hypoxic, excessive secretion enzyme, concentration of glutathione (GSH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high concentration of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to combat TNBC progression. Concurrently, NP-based stimulus-responsive introduces a novel approach for drug dosage design, administration, and modification of the pharmacokinetics of conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy drugs. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the strengths, limitations, applications, perspectives, and future expectations of both novel and traditional stimulus-responsive NP-based drug delivery systems for improving outcomes in the medical practice of TNBC. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China/Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization/International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province/School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fansu Meng
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Tiange Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lanwen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China/Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization/International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province/School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergey O Solomevich
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Uladzislau E Aharodnikau
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China/Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization/International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province/School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China/Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization/International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province/School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China/Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization/International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province/School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China/Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization/International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province/School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Timoshenko Viktor
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Detang Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China/Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization/International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Guangdong Province/School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Xiao Q, Xia M, Tang W, Zhao H, Chen Y, Zhong J. The lipid metabolism remodeling: A hurdle in breast cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216512. [PMID: 38036043 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, as one of the three primary energy sources, provide energy for all cellular life activities. Lipids are also known to be involved in the formation of cell membranes and play an important role as signaling molecules in the intracellular and microenvironment. Tumor cells actively or passively remodel lipid metabolism, using the function of lipids in various important cellular life activities to evade therapeutic attack. Breast cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women, which is partly due to therapeutic resistance. It is necessary to fully elucidate the formation and mechanisms of chemoresistance to improve breast cancer patient survival rates. Altered lipid metabolism has been observed in breast cancer with therapeutic resistance, indicating that targeting lipid reprogramming is a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Min Xia
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Weijian Tang
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, PR China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
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4
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Li D, Cao D, Sun Y, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Cao X. The roles of epigallocatechin gallate in the tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331641. [PMID: 38348027 PMCID: PMC10859531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, a disease that modern medicine has not fully understood and conquered, with its high incidence and mortality, deprives countless patients of health and even life. According to global cancer statistics, there were an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths in 2020, with the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of 201.0 and 100.7 per 100,000, respectively. Although remarkable advancements have been made in therapeutic strategies recently, the overall prognosis of cancer patients remains not optimistic. Consequently, there are still many severe challenges to be faced and difficult problems to be solved in cancer therapy today. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol extracted from tea leaves, has received much attention for its antitumor effects. Accumulating investigations have confirmed that EGCG can inhibit tumorigenesis and progression by triggering apoptosis, suppressing proliferation, invasion, and migration, altering tumor epigenetic modification, and overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Nevertheless, its regulatory roles and biomolecular mechanisms in the immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, and immunotherapy remain obscure. In this article, we summarized the most recent updates about the effects of EGCG on tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming, and anti-cancer immunotherapy. The results demonstrated EGCG can promote the anti-cancer immune response of cytotoxic lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), attenuate the immunosuppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inhibit the tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and various stromal cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells (ECs), stellate cells, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Additionally, EGCG can suppress multiple metabolic reprogramming pathways, including glucose uptake, aerobic glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid anabolism, and nucleotide synthesis. Finally, EGCG, as an immunomodulator and immune checkpoint blockade, can enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy and may be a promising candidate for antitumor immunotherapy. In conclusion, EGCG plays versatile regulatory roles in TME and metabolic reprogramming, which provides novel insights and combined therapeutic strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Li
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Cui
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Bai R, Cui J. Regulation of fatty acid synthase on tumor and progress in the development of related therapies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00938. [PMID: 38273440 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an essential molecule in lipid metabolic pathways, which are crucial for cancer-related studies. Recent studies have focused on a comprehensive understanding of the novel and important regulatory effects of FASN on malignant biological behavior and immune-cell infiltration, which are closely related to tumor occurrence and development, immune escape, and immune response. FASN-targeting antitumor treatment strategies are being developed. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the effects of FASN on tumor and immune-cell infiltration and reviewed the progress of related anti-tumor therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rilan Bai
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Ligorio F, Provenzano L, Vernieri C. Fasting-mimicking diet: a metabolic approach for the treatment of breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:491-499. [PMID: 37621169 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic reprogramming is a new and potentially targetable hallmark of cancer. In recent years, fasting and fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) have been tested as anticancer strategies both in preclinical experiments and in clinical trials. In this review, we aim at summarizing the available evidence about the antitumour activity of these approaches in preclinical breast cancer models, as well as results from clinical trials investigating fasting/FMD in breast cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical evidence demonstrated that nutrient deprivation boosts the antitumor activity of chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HR+/HER2 models through both cell-autonomous antitumour effects in cancer cells and favourable modifications in intratumor immune cells. Several clinical experiences demonstrated that fasting/FMD is feasible and well tolerated in combination with standard treatments in BC patients, and that it could reduce chemotherapy-related toxicities. Finally, despite the absence of randomized trials demonstrating the antitumor activity of fasting/FMD in breast cancer patients, preliminary clinical reports suggest that this experimental nutritional strategy may enhance chemotherapy activity. Randomized clinical trials are ongoing to validate these results at a larger scale. SUMMARY Fasting/FMD is a promising therapeutic approach in patients with breast cancer; ongoing and future trials will confirm their role in improving breast cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ligorio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Provenzano
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Jin HR, Wang J, Wang ZJ, Xi MJ, Xia BH, Deng K, Yang JL. Lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to therapeutics. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:103. [PMID: 37700339 PMCID: PMC10498649 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolic reprogramming is an emerging hallmark of cancer. In order to sustain uncontrolled proliferation and survive in unfavorable environments that lack oxygen and nutrients, tumor cells undergo metabolic transformations to exploit various ways of acquiring lipid and increasing lipid oxidation. In addition, stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment also undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming, which further affects tumor functional phenotypes and immune responses. Given that lipid metabolism plays a critical role in supporting cancer progression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment, targeting the lipid metabolism pathway could provide a novel approach to cancer treatment. This review seeks to: (1) clarify the overall landscape and mechanisms of lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer, (2) summarize the lipid metabolic landscapes within stromal cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and clarify their roles in tumor progression, and (3) summarize potential therapeutic targets for lipid metabolism, and highlight the potential for combining such approaches with other anti-tumor therapies to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Jia Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi-Han Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Farghadani R, Naidu R. The anticancer mechanism of action of selected polyphenols in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115170. [PMID: 37481930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leadingcause of cancer-related deaths in women globally, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being an aggressive subtype that lacks targeted therapies and is associated with a poor prognosis. Polyphenols, naturally occurring compounds in plants, have been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC. This review provides an overview of the anticancer effects of polyphenols in TNBC and their mechanisms of action. Several polyphenols, including resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, apigenin, fisetin, hesperetin and luteolin, have been shown to inhibit TNBC cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, and suppress migration/invasion in preclinical models. The molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer effects involve the modulation of several signalling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, STATT, and NF-κB pathways. Polyphenols also exhibit synergistic effects with chemotherapy drugs, making them promising candidates for combination therapy. The review also highlights clinical trials investigating the potential use of polyphenols, individually or in combination therapy, against breast cancer. This review deepens the under-standing of the mechanism of action of respective polyphenols and provides valuable insights into the potential use of polyphenols as a therapeutic strategy for TNBC, and lays the groundwork for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Farghadani
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
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Tamarindo GH, Novais AA, Chuffa LGA, Zuccari DAPC. Metabolic Alterations in Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2757. [PMID: 37685021 PMCID: PMC10487042 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are among the most common diseases in female dogs and share similarities with human breast cancer, which makes these animals a model for comparative oncology studies. In these tumors, metabolic reprogramming is known as a hallmark of carcinogenesis whereby cells undergo adjustments to meet the high bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapidly proliferating cells. However, such alterations are also vulnerabilities that may serve as a therapeutic strategy, which has mostly been tested in human clinical trials but is poorly explored in CMTs. In this dedicated review, we compiled the metabolic changes described for CMTs, emphasizing the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and mitochondrial functions. We observed key factors associated with the presence and aggressiveness of CMTs, such as an increase in glucose uptake followed by enhanced anaerobic glycolysis via the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, changes in glutamine catabolism due to the overexpression of glutaminases, increased fatty acid oxidation, and distinct effects depending on lipid saturation, in addition to mitochondrial DNA, which is a hotspot for mutations. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this topic given that targeting metabolic fragilities could improve the outcome of CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Faculty of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Alonso Novais
- Health Sciences Institute (ICS), Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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10
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Orsini A, Diquigiovanni C, Bonora E. Omics Technologies Improving Breast Cancer Research and Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12690. [PMID: 37628869 PMCID: PMC10454385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has yielded approximately 2.26 million new cases and has caused nearly 685,000 deaths worldwide in the last two years, making it the most common diagnosed cancer type in the world. BC is an intricate ecosystem formed by both the tumor microenvironment and malignant cells, and its heterogeneity impacts the response to treatment. Biomedical research has entered the era of massive omics data thanks to the high-throughput sequencing revolution, quick progress and widespread adoption. These technologies-liquid biopsy, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, pharmaco-omics and artificial intelligence imaging-could help researchers and clinicians to better understand the formation and evolution of BC. This review focuses on the findings of recent multi-omics-based research that has been applied to BC research, with an introduction to every omics technique and their applications for the different BC phenotypes, biomarkers, target therapies, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, to provide a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of BC research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (A.O.); (E.B.)
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Chaturvedi S, Biswas M, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. Role of EGFR and FASN in breast cancer progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00771-w. [PMID: 37490191 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) emerged as one of the life-threatening diseases among females. Despite notable improvements made in cancer detection and treatment worldwide, according to GLOBACAN 2020, BC is the fifth leading cancer, with an estimated 1 in 6 cancer deaths, in a majority of countries. However, the exact cause that leads to BC progression still needs to be determined. Here, we reviewed the role of two novel biomarkers responsible for 50-70% of BC progression. The first one is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which belongs to the ErbB tyrosine kinases family, signalling pathways associated with it play a significant role in regulating cell proliferation and division. Another one is fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme responsible for the de novo lipid synthesis required for cancer cell development. This review presents a rationale for the EGFR-mediated pathways, their interaction with FASN, communion of these two biomarkers with BC, and improvements to overcome drug resistance caused by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India.
- Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Okada N, Ueki C, Shimazaki M, Tsujimoto G, Kohno S, Muranaka H, Yoshikawa K, Takahashi C. NFYA promotes malignant behavior of triple-negative breast cancer in mice through the regulation of lipid metabolism. Commun Biol 2023; 6:596. [PMID: 37268670 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two splicing variants exist in NFYA that exhibit high expression in many human tumour types. The balance in their expression correlates with prognosis in breast cancer, but functional differences remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NFYAv1, a long-form variant, upregulates the transcription of essential lipogenic enzymes ACACA and FASN to enhance the malignant behavior of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Loss of the NFYAv1-lipogenesis axis strongly suppresses malignant behavior in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the NFYAv1-lipogenesis axis is essential for TNBC malignant behavior and that the axis might be a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. Furthermore, mice deficient in lipogenic enzymes, such as Acly, Acaca, and Fasn, exhibit embryonic lethality; however, Nfyav1-deficient mice exhibited no apparent developmental abnormalities. Our results indicate that the NFYAv1-lipogenesis axis has tumour-promoting effects and that NFYAv1 may be a safe therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Okada
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Ueki
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimazaki
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Goki Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hayato Muranaka
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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13
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Lin Q, Jiang Y, Zhou F, Zhang Y. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibits the cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) progression through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Gene 2023; 851:147023. [PMID: 36375657 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that affects females and remains the cause of the highest morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Currently, gene-targeted therapy is a novel treatment option for clinicians. Furthermore, fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays a therapeutic role in various cancers. Nonetheless, the mechanism of action of this enzyme in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and cervical duct adenocarcinoma (CESC) has not yet been reported. METHODS RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing data and clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). The expression levels of FASN were obtained from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to assess independent prognostic factors associated with survival. A nomogram and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were employed to evaluate survival and predictive power. In vitro experiments and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted to identify cell interference efficiency. MTS, monoclonal formation, and EDU assays were used to determine cell viability. Wound healing and invasion assays (transwell assay) were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Finally, Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide (PI) staining and Annexin V-FITC staining were used to assess apoptosis and the cell cycle, while western blotting was utilized to determine the protein expression levels. RESULTS FASN was aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including CESC, where it was highly expressed. Kaplan-Meier, univariate, multivariate Cox regression analyses and ROC curve indicated that FASN is a potential key indicator of survival prognosis among CESC patients and demonstrated good predictive ability and efficacy. Complementary in vitro experiments confirmed that FASN is an important target for CESC therapy. CONCLUSION The current study validated the biological and clinical significance of FASN in CESC prognosis, suggesting that FASN knockdown may exert antitumor activity against cervical cancer through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- QianXia Lin
- Vascular Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
| | - Yong'An Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Vascular Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
| | - YongPing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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14
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Zipinotti Dos Santos D, Santos Guimaraes ID, Hakeem-Sanni MF, Cochran BJ, Rye KA, Grewal T, Hoy AJ, Rangel LBA. Atorvastatin improves cisplatin sensitivity through modulation of cholesteryl ester homeostasis in breast cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:135. [PMID: 36481936 PMCID: PMC9732177 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired treatment resistance is a significant problem in breast cancer management, and alterations in lipid metabolism have been proposed to contribute to the development of drug resistance as well as other aspects of tumor progression. The present study aimed to identify the role of cholesterol metabolism in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell response to cisplatin (CDDP) treatment in the acute setting and in a model of CDDP resistance. METHODS MCF-7 (luminal A), MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) and CDDP-resistant MDA-MB-231 (MDACR) cell lines were grown in the presence or absence of CDDP in combination with atorvastatin (ATV), lipid depletion or low-density lipoprotein loading and were analyzed by a variety of biochemical and radiometric techniques. RESULTS Co-administration of CDDP and ATV strongly reduced cell proliferation and viability to a greater extent than CDDP alone, especially in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings were associated with reduced cholesteryl ester synthesis and storage in MDA-MB-231 cells. In MDACR cells, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) was upregulated compared to naïve MDA-MB-231 cells and ATV treatment restored CDDP sensitivity, suggesting that aberrant ACAT-1 expression and associated changes in cholesterol metabolism contribute to CDDP resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the elevated susceptibility of MDA-MB-231 cells to co-administration of CDDP and ATV, is associated with an increased reliance on cholesteryl ester availability. Our data from these cell culture-based studies identifies altered cholesterol homeostasis as an adaptive response to CDDP treatment that contributes to aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra Zipinotti Dos Santos
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Mariam F Hakeem-Sanni
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leticia B A Rangel
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Biochemistry Program, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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15
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AZ12756122, a novel fatty acid synthase inhibitor, decreases resistance features in EGFR-TKI resistant EGFR-mutated NSCLC cell models. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Crosstalk between Immune Checkpoint Modulators, Metabolic Reprogramming and Cellular Plasticity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:6847-6863. [PMID: 36290817 PMCID: PMC9601266 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in women worldwide. Accounting for 15-20% of all breast cancer diagnoses, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype presents with an aggressive clinical course, heightened metastatic potential and the poorest short-term prognosis. TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy, only partially responds to radio- and chemotherapy, and has limited targeted therapy options, thus underlining the critical need for better therapeutic treatments. Although immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibition is emerging as a promising treatment option for TNBC patients, activation of cellular plasticity programs such as metabolic reprogramming (MR) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) causes immunotherapy to fail. In this report, we review the role of MR and EMT in immune checkpoint dysregulation in TNBCs and specifically shed light on development of novel combination treatment modalities for this challenging disease. We highlight the clinical relevance of crosstalk between MR, EMT, and immune checkpoints in TNBCs.
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17
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Targeting prolyl isomerase Pin1 as a promising strategy to overcome resistance to cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106456. [PMID: 36116709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of tumor therapeutic resistance is one of the important reasons for the failure of antitumor therapy. Starting with multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways is helpful in understanding the mechanism of tumor resistance. The overexpression of prolyl isomerase Pin1 is highly correlated with the malignancy of cancer, since Pin1 controls many oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as a variety of cancer-driving signaling pathways. Strikingly, numerous studies have shown that Pin1 is directly involved in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we mainly summarize the functions and mechanisms of Pin1 in therapeutic resistance of multifarious cancers, such as breast, liver, and pancreatic carcinomas. Furtherly, from the perspective of Pin1-driven cancer signaling pathways including Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, as well as Pin1 inhibitors containing juglone, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), it is better to demonstrate the important potential role and mechanism of Pin1 in resistance and sensitization to cancer therapies. It will provide new therapeutic approaches for clinical reversal and prevention of tumor resistance by employing synergistic administration of Pin1 inhibitors and chemotherapeutics, implementing combination therapy of Pin1-related cancer signaling pathway inhibitors and Pin1 inhibitors, and exploiting novel Pin1-specific inhibitors.
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18
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An IGF-1R-mTORC1-SRPK2 signaling Axis contributes to FASN regulation in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:976. [PMID: 36096767 PMCID: PMC9469522 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression is associated with a more aggressive breast cancer phenotype and is regulated downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways. Recently, post transcriptional regulation of lipogenic transcripts have been demonstrated as being mediated downstream of serine-arginine rich protein kinase 2 (SRPK2), which acts to phosphorylate serine-arginine rich splicing factors (SRSFs), resulting in RNA binding and various RNA regulatory processes. Though post-transcriptional regulation of FASN has been studied previously, the upstream mediators of these pathways have not been elucidated. Methods Western blotting and RT-qPCR were utilized to demonstrate alterations in FASN and mRNA expression upon modulation of the IGF-1-mTORC1-SRPK2 pathway by small molecule inhibitors or RNAi mediated silencing. RNA stability was accessed by using the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin-D followed by RT-qPCR. Further, we employed RNA-immunoprecipitation to demonstrate the direct binding of SRSF-1 to FASN transcripts. Results In the current study, we demonstrated an IGF-1 induced increase in FASN mRNA and protein expression that was attenuated by mTORC1 inhibition. This mTORC1 inhibition also resulted in decreases in total and nuclear p-SRPK2 in response to IGF-1 exposure. Upon SRPK2 knockdown and inhibition, we observed a decrease in FASN protein and mRNA stability, respectively, in response to IGF-1 exposure that was specific to triple negative and HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. As we explored further, IGF-1 exposure resulted in an altered localization of eGFP expressed SRSF-1, pEGFP-SRSF-1 that was rescued upon both SRPK2 knockdown and mTORC1 inhibition. Further, we observed an increase binding of SRSF-1 to FASN RNA upon IGF-1 exposure, which was abrogated by SRPK2 knockdown. Conclusion These current findings establish a potential IGF-1-mTORC1-SRPK2-FASN axis in breast cancer, which could be a potential therapeutic target for cancers that overexpress FASN and components of the IGF-1R pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10062-z.
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19
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Lv L, Yang S, Zhu Y, Zhai X, Li S, Tao X, Dong D. Relationship between metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942064. [PMID: 36059650 PMCID: PMC9434120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. At present, chemotherapy is the main method to treat breast cancer in addition to surgery and radiotherapy, but the process of chemotherapy is often accompanied by the development of drug resistance, which leads to a reduction in drug efficacy. Furthermore, mounting evidence indicates that drug resistance is caused by dysregulated cellular metabolism, and metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and glutamine metabolic rates, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Changes in metabolism have been considered one of the most important causes of resistance to treatment, and knowledge of the mechanisms involved will help in identifying potential treatment deficiencies. To improve women’s survival outcomes, it is vital to elucidate the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and drug resistance in breast cancer. This review analyzes and investigates the reprogramming of metabolism and resistance to breast cancer therapy, and the results offer promise for novel targeted and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Xufeng Tao, ; Deshi Dong,
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Xufeng Tao, ; Deshi Dong,
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20
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Jung M, Lee K, Im Y, Seok SH, Chung H, Kim DY, Han D, Lee CH, Hwang EH, Park SY, Koh J, Kim B, Nikas IP, Lee H, Hwang D, Ryu HS. Nicotinamide (niacin) supplement increases lipid metabolism and ROS‐induced energy disruption in triple‐negative breast cancer: potential for drug repositioning as an anti‐tumor agent. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1795-1815. [PMID: 35278276 PMCID: PMC9067146 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is an important hallmark of cancer. Nicotinamide (NAM), a water‐soluble amide form of niacin (vitamin B3), is currently available as a supplement for maintaining general physiologic functions. NAM is a crucial regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and redox reactions. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanistic link between NAM‐induced metabolic regulation and the therapeutic efficacy of NAM in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). The combined analysis using multiomics systems biology showed that NAM decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, but increased the activities of reverse electron transport (RET), fatty acid β‐oxidation and glycerophospholipid/sphingolipid metabolic pathways in TNBC, collectively leading to an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased ROS levels triggered apoptosis and suppressed tumour growth and metastasis of TNBC in both human organoids and xenograft mouse models. Our results showed that NAM treatment leads to cancer cell death in TNBC via mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of ROS by bifurcating metabolic pathways (RET and lipid metabolism); this provides insights into the repositioning of NAM supplement as a next‐generation anti‐metabolic agent for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Jung
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Min Lee
- Center for Medical Innovation Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yebin Im
- School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Proteomics Core Facility Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Hwang
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Center for Medical Innovation Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- School of Medicine European University Cyprus 2404 Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Hyebin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
- Center for Medical Innovation Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
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21
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Khiewkamrop P, Surangkul D, Srikummool M, Richert L, Pekthong D, Parhira S, Somran J, Srisawang P. Epigallocatechin gallate triggers apoptosis by suppressing de novo lipogenesis in colorectal carcinoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:937-958. [PMID: 35243817 PMCID: PMC9063442 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway has been identified as a regulator of cancer progression and aggressiveness. Downregulation of key lipogenesis enzymes has been shown to activate apoptosis in cancerous cells. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits cancer cell proliferation without causing cytotoxicity in healthy cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of EGCG on the promotion of apoptosis associated with the DNL pathway inhibition in cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT116 and HT-29) had a higher cytotoxic response to EGCG treatment than hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including HepG2 and HuH-7. EGCG treatment decreased cell viability and increased mitochondrial damage-triggered apoptosis in both HCT116 and HT-29 cancer cells. Additionally, we treated mice transplanted with HCT116 cells with 30 or 50 mg/kg EGCG for 7 days to evaluate the apoptotic effects of EGCN treatment in a xenograft mouse model of cancer. We observed a decrease in intracellular fatty acid levels, which suggested that EGCG-induced apoptosis was associated with a decrease in fatty acid levels in cancer. Suppression of adenosine triphosphate synthesis by EGCG indicated that cell death induction in cancer cells could be mediated by shared components of the DNL and energy metabolism pathways. In addition, EGCG-induced apoptosis suppressed the expression of the phosphorylation protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling proteins in tumors from xenografted mice. Cytotoxic effects in unaffected organs and tissues of the mouse xenograft model were absent upon EGCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuriwat Khiewkamrop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Damratsamon Surangkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Metawee Srikummool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115, Plobsheim, France.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA 4267 PEPITE, France
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand, 65000
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22
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Pharmacological fatty acid synthase inhibitors differently affect the malignant phenotype of oral cancer cells. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 135:105343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Yoshikawa K, Ishida M, Yanai H, Tsuta K, Sekimoto M, Sugie T. Association between fatty acid synthase and adipophilin expression in triple‑negative breast cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:80. [PMID: 35251631 PMCID: PMC8892429 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cancer cells produce energy via anaerobic glycolysis. Lipid metabolism is often upregulated in numerous types of cancer. Our previous study demonstrated that adipophilin (ADP), a lipid-associated protein, was a poor prognostic indicator in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the mechanism of ADP expression in TNBC remains unclear. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a crucial enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, and its upregulation has been reported in several types of carcinomas; however, to the best of our knowledge, the association of FASN and ADP in TNBC remains unclear. The present study analysed the association between FASN and ADP expression and the prognostic significance of FASN in TNBC. Using immunohistochemical methods and tissue microarrays, the present study examined FASN expression in 61 patients with TNBC. Overall and relapse-free survival and their risk factors were analysed for FASN expression and compared with ADP expression. A total of 40 (65.6%) patients were classified as FASN-high (score ≥120), and this was significantly associated with a lower Ki-67 labelling index (P=0.011). FASN expression was not associated with relapse-free survival and overall survival. FASN-high was negatively associated with ADP expression (P=0.041). The results of the present study revealed that FASN-high was associated with a lack of ADP expression and a lower Ki-67 labelling index. These results indicated that de novo fatty acid synthesis by FASN is not the main pathway of lipogenesis and the source of energy in cancer cells of ADP-positive highly proliferative TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Yanai
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Sekimoto
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Sugie
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573‑1191, Japan
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24
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Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Prevention and Progression through the Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010079. [PMID: 35010954 PMCID: PMC8746460 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable attention in various areas of cancer research due to its role in driving a loss of immune surveillance and enabling rapid advanced tumor development and progression. The TME plays an integral role in driving advanced aggressive breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a pivotal mediator for tumor cells to communicate with the surrounding cells via lymphatic and circulatory systems. Furthermore, the TME plays a significant role in all steps and stages of carcinogenesis by promoting and stimulating uncontrolled cell proliferation and protecting tumor cells from the immune system. Various cellular components of the TME work together to drive cancer processes, some of which include tumor-associated adipocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils which sustain perpetual amplification and release of pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural chemical component from black cumin seed, is widely used traditionally and now in clinical trials for the treatment/prevention of multiple types of cancer, showing a potential to mitigate components of TME at various stages by various pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of TME in TNBC cancer progression and the effect of TQ on the TME, emphasizing their anticipated role in the prevention and treatment of TNBC. It was concluded from this review that the multiple components of the TME serve as a critical part of TNBC tumor promotion and stimulation of uncontrolled cell proliferation. Meanwhile, TQ could be a crucial compound in the prevention and progression of TNBC therapy through the modulation of the TME.
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Current Advancements of Plant-Derived Agents for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy through Deregulating Cancer Cell Functions and Reprogramming Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413571. [PMID: 34948368 PMCID: PMC8703661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined based on the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors. Currently, chemotherapy is the major therapeutic approach for TNBC patients; however, poor prognosis after a standard chemotherapy regimen is still commonplace due to drug resistance. Abnormal tumor metabolism and infiltrated immune or stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may orchestrate mammary tumor growth and metastasis or give rise to new subsets of cancer cells resistant to drug treatment. The immunosuppressive mechanisms established in the TME make cancer cell clones invulnerable to immune recognition and killing, and turn immune cells into tumor-supporting cells, hence allowing cancer growth and dissemination. Phytochemicals with the potential to change the tumor metabolism or reprogram the TME may provide opportunities to suppress cancer metastasis and/or overcome chemoresistance. Furthermore, phytochemical intervention that reprograms the TME away from favoring immunoevasion and instead towards immunosurveillance may prevent TNBC metastasis and help improve the efficacy of combination therapies as phyto-adjuvants to combat drug-resistant TNBC. In this review, we summarize current findings on selected bioactive plant-derived natural products in preclinical mouse models and/or clinical trials with focus on their immunomodulatory mechanisms in the TME and their roles in regulating tumor metabolism for TNBC prevention or therapy.
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Landscape of the oncogenic role of fatty acid synthase in human tumors. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25106-25137. [PMID: 34879004 PMCID: PMC8714155 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identifying a unique and common regulatory pathway that drives tumorigenesis in cancers is crucial to foster the development of effective treatments. However, a systematic analysis of fatty acid synthase across pan-cancers has not been carried out. Methods: We investigated the oncogenic roles of fatty acid synthase in 33 cancers based on the cancer genome atlas and gene expression omnibus. Results: Fatty acid synthase is profoundly expressed in most cancers and is an important factor in predicting the outcome of cancer patients. Further, the level of S207 phosphorylation was found to be improved in several neoplasms (e.g., colon cancer). Fatty acid synthase expression is related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells in tumors (e.g., CD8+ T-cell infiltration level in cervical squamous cell carcinoma). Moreover, hormone receptor binding- and fatty acid metabolic process-associated pathways are involved in the functional mechanisms of fatty acid synthase. Conclusions: This study provides a complete understanding of the oncogenic role of fatty acid synthase in human tumors.
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Hu Y, He W, Huang Y, Xiang H, Guo J, Che Y, Cheng X, Hu F, Hu M, Ma T, Yu J, Tian H, Tian S, Ji YX, Zhang P, She ZG, Zhang XJ, Huang Z, Yang J, Li H. Fatty Acid Synthase-Suppressor Screening Identifies Sorting Nexin 8 as a Therapeutic Target for NAFLD. Hepatology 2021; 74:2508-2525. [PMID: 34231239 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease without any Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological intervention in clinic. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is one of the most attractive targets for NAFLD treatment because of its robust rate-limiting capacity to control hepatic de novo lipogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FASN in NAFLD and potential therapeutic strategies targeting FASN remain largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Through a systematic interactomics analysis of FASN-complex proteins, we screened and identified sorting nexin 8 (SNX8) as a binding partner of FASN. SNX8 directly bound to FASN and promoted FASN ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. We further demonstrated that SNX8 mediated FASN protein degradation by recruiting the E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) and enhancing the TRIM28-FASN interaction. Notably, Snx8 interference in hepatocytes significantly deteriorated lipid accumulation in vitro, whereas SNX8 overexpression markedly blocked hepatocyte lipid deposition. Furthermore, the aggravating effect of Snx8 deletion on NAFLD was validated in vivo as hepatic steatosis and lipogenic pathways in the liver were significantly exacerbated in Snx8-knockout mice compared to wild-type controls. Consistently, hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Snx8 in vivo markedly suppressed high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHC)-induced hepatic steatosis. Notably, the protective effect of SNX8 against NAFLD was largely dependent on FASN suppression. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that SNX8 is a key suppressor of NAFLD that promotes FASN proteasomal degradation. Targeting the SNX8-FASN axis is a promising strategy for NAFLD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhi He
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Yan Che
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Tian
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yoon H, Shaw JL, Haigis MC, Greka A. Lipid metabolism in sickness and in health: Emerging regulators of lipotoxicity. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3708-3730. [PMID: 34547235 PMCID: PMC8620413 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids play crucial roles in signal transduction, contribute to the structural integrity of cellular membranes, and regulate energy metabolism. Questions remain as to which lipid species maintain metabolic homeostasis and which disrupt essential cellular functions, leading to metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding lipid metabolism with a focus on catabolism, synthesis, and signaling. Technical advances, including functional genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, lipid-protein interaction maps, and advances in mass spectrometry, have uncovered new ways to prioritize molecular mechanisms mediating lipid function. By reviewing what is known about the distinct effects of specific lipid species in physiological pathways, we provide a framework for understanding newly identified targets regulating lipid homeostasis with implications for ameliorating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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29
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CHFR regulates chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer through destabilizing ZEB1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:820. [PMID: 34462429 PMCID: PMC8405615 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Failures to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are mainly due to chemoresistance or radioresistance. We and others previously discovered that zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a massive driver causing these resistance. However, how to dynamically modulate the intrinsic expression of ZEB1 during cell cycle progression is elusive. Here integrated affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry and TCGA analysis identify a cell cycle-related E3 ubiquitin ligase, checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains (CHFR), as a key negative regulator of ZEB1 in TNBC. Functional studies reveal that CHFR associates with and decreases ZEB1 expression in a ubiquitinating-dependent manner and that CHFR represses fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression through ZEB1, leading to significant cell death of TNBC under chemotherapy. Intriguingly, a small-molecule inhibitor of HDAC under clinical trial, Trichostatin A (TSA), increases the expression of CHFR independent of histone acetylation, thereby destabilizes ZEB1 and sensitizes the resistant TNBC cells to conventional chemotherapy. In patients with basal-like breast cancers, CHFR levels significantly correlates with survival. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential for targeting CHFR-ZEB1 signaling in resistant malignant breast cancers.
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30
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Sardesai SD, Thomas A, Gallagher C, Lynce F, Ottaviano YL, Ballinger TJ, Schneider BP, Storniolo AM, Bauchle A, Althouse SK, Perkins SM, Masters AR, Stratford RE, Dong Z, Liu JY, Zhang JT, Miller KD. Inhibiting Fatty Acid Synthase with Omeprazole to Improve Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in patients with Operable TNBC. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5810-5817. [PMID: 34400413 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in 70% of operable triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and is associated with poor prognosis. Proton pump inhibitors selectively inhibit FASN activity and induce apoptosis in TNBC cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with operable TNBC were enrolled in this single arm Phase II study. Patients began omeprazole (OMP) 80 mg PO BID for 4-7 days prior to neoadjuvant anthracycline- taxane based chemotherapy (AC-T) and continued until surgery. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients with baseline FASN overexpression (FASN+). Secondary endpoints included pCR in all surgery patients, change in FASN expression, enzyme activity, and downstream protein expression after OMP monotherapy; safety, and limited OMP pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Forty-two patients were recruited with a median age of 51y (28-72). Most patients had {greater than or equal to}cT2 (33, 79%) and {greater than or equal to}N1 (22, 52%) disease. FASN overexpression prior to AC-T was identified in 29/34 (85%) evaluable samples. The pCR rate was 72.4% (95% CI 52.8, 87.3) in FASN+ patients and 74.4% (95% CI 57.9, 87.0) in all surgery patients. Peak OMP concentration was significantly higher than the IC50 for FASN inhibition observed in preclinical testing; FASN expression decreased with OMP monotherapy (mean change 0.12 (SD 0.25) ; p = 0.02). OMP was well tolerated with no {greater than or equal to} grade 3 toxicities. CONCLUSIONS FASN is commonly expressed in early TNBC. OMP can be safely administered in doses that inhibit FASN. The addition of OMP to neoadjuvant AC-T yields a promising pCR rate that needs further confirmation in randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Maria Storniolo
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Amber Bauchle
- Clinical Trials Office- School of Medicine, Indiana University Health
| | - Sandra K Althouse
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Andrea R Masters
- Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Core, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center
| | | | - Zizheng Dong
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
| | - Jian-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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31
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Jiang W, Xing XL, Zhang C, Yi L, Xu W, Ou J, Zhu N. MET and FASN as Prognostic Biomarkers of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Evidence Landscape of Clinical Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:604801. [PMID: 34123778 PMCID: PMC8190390 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.604801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To know the expression of Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition factor (MET) and Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients, as well as its relationship with clinical pathological characteristic and prognosis. Methods we used immunohistochemistry staining to detect the expression of MET and FASN for those 218 TNBC patients, and analyze their relationship with the clinical pathological characteristic and prognosis. Results 130 and 65 out of 218 TNBC patients were positive for MET in the cancer and adjacent tissues respectively. 142 and 30 out of 218 TNBC patients were positive for FASN in the cancer and adjacent tissues respectively. Positive expression of MET and FASN were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, pathological TNM, and pathological Stage. In addition, the positive expression of MET and FASN were correlated with recurrence and metastasis. The combined use of MET and FASN can better predict the survival condition. Conclusions Our results indicated that MET and FASN showed good predictive ability for TNBC. Combined use of MET and FASN were recommended in order to make a more accurate prognosis for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jiang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, China
| | | | - Chenguang Zhang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Lina Yi
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Jianghua Ou
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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32
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Park JK, Coffey NJ, Limoges A, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:39-56. [PMID: 34014533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study of cancer cell metabolism has traditionally focused on glycolysis and glutaminolysis. However, lipidomic technologies have matured considerably over the last decade and broadened our understanding of how lipid metabolism is relevant to cancer biology [1-3]. Studies now suggest that the reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism contributes directly to malignant transformation and progression [4, 5]. For example, de novo lipid synthesis can supply proliferating tumor cells with phospholipid components that comprise the plasma and organelle membranes of new daughter cells [6, 7]. Moreover, the upregulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation can support tumor cell energetics and redox homeostasis [8], while lipid-derived messengers can regulate major signaling pathways or coordinate immunosuppressive mechanisms [9-11]. Lipid metabolism has, therefore, become implicated in a variety of oncogenic processes, including metastatic colonization, drug resistance, and cell differentiation [10, 12-16]. However, whether we can safely and effectively modulate the underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism for cancer therapy is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Park
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Limoges
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kaul K, Misri S, Ramaswamy B, Ganju RK. Contribution of the tumor and obese microenvironment to triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:115-120. [PMID: 33798632 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The growing burden of obesity and incidence of the aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a challenge, especially amongst vulnerable populations with unmet medical needs and higher mortality from breast cancer. While some mechanisms linking obesity and TNBC have been identified, the complex nature of pathogenesis, in both obesity as well as TNBC poses a real challenge in establishing a causative role of obesity in risk of TNBC. In this review article, we discuss pathological mechanisms identified in the tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as the obese microenvironment (OME), such as inflammation, insulin resistance and survival pathways that contribute to the development and progression of TNBC. Insights into the cross-talk between TME and OME, and their contribution to TNBC development and progression, may pave the way for personalized therapies against TNBC progression, relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Kaul
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA; Department of Pathology, USA
| | | | | | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA; Department of Pathology, USA.
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Amrutha Nisthul A, Archana PR, Anto RJ, Sadasivan C. Virtual screening-based identification of novel fatty acid synthase inhibitor and evaluation of its antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cells. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107903. [PMID: 33780787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells activate de novo lipogenesis by overexpressing the lipogenic enzymes ACLY, ACC and FASN to support rapid cell division. FASN, previously known as oncogenic antigen-519 (OA-519) catalyzes seven sequential reactions to synthesize palmitic acid (C16) from substrates acetyl CoA, and malonyl CoA. The dependence of cancer cells on FASN-derived lipids and the differential expression of FASN in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts make it an attractive metabolic drug target in cancer therapy. In the present study, an attempt has been made to identify potent FASN inhibitors from Asinex-Synergy compound database using structure-based virtual screening. The serial docking protocols of increasing precisions identified LEG-17649942, with glide score -10.34 kcal/mol as a promising compound which can directly interact with active site residues H293 and H331. LEG-17649942 possesses drug-like pharmacokinetic properties as predicted by Qikprop. LEG-17649942 exhibited cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with maximum activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 of 50 μM. The study put forward LEG-17649942 as a novel drug-lead compound against triple negative breast cancer with an exquisite binding pattern to FASN-KS domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amrutha Nisthul
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Thalassery Campus, Kannur, 670661, Kerala, India.
| | - P R Archana
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, Kerala, India.
| | - C Sadasivan
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Thalassery Campus, Kannur, 670661, Kerala, India.
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35
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Zhong PC, Shu R, Wu HW, Liu ZW, Shen XL, Hu YJ. Altered gene expression in glycolysis-cholesterol synthesis axis correlates with outcome of triple-negative breast cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:560-571. [PMID: 33243007 PMCID: PMC7934150 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220975206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of molecular subtypes of clinically resectable triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is of great importance to achieve better clinical outcomes. Inter- and intratumor metabolic heterogeneity improves cancer survival, and the interaction of various metabolic pathways may affect treatment outcome of TNBC. We speculated that TNBC can be categorized into prognostic metabolic subtype according to the expression changes of glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis. The genome, transcriptome, and clinical data were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium and subsequently analyzed by integrated bioinformatics methods. Four subtypes, namely, glycolytic, cholesterogenic, quiescent, and mixed, were classified according to the normalized median expressions of the genes involved in glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis. In the four subtypes, the cholesterogenic type was correlated with the shortest median survival (log rank P = 0.044), while patients with high-expressed glycolytic genes tended to have a longer survival. Tumors with PIK3CA amplification and dynein axonemal heavy chain 2 deletion exhibited higher expressions of cholesterogenic genes than other mutant oncogenes. The expressions of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier MPC1 and MPC2 were the lowest in quiescent tumor, and MPC2 expression was higher in cholesterogenic tumor compared with glycolytic or quiescent tumor (t-test P < 0.001). Glycolytic and cholesterogenic gene expressions were related to the expressions of prognostic genes in some other types of cancers. Classification of glycolytic and cholesterogenic pathways according to metabolic characteristics provides a new understanding to previously identified subtypes of TNBC and could improve personalized treatments based on tumor metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Rong Shu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Hui-Wen Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
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36
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Selmin OI, Donovan MG, Stillwater BJ, Neumayer L, Romagnolo DF. Epigenetic Regulation and Dietary Control of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Nutr 2020; 7:159. [PMID: 33015128 PMCID: PMC7506147 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a highly heterogeneous group of breast cancers, lacking expression of the estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC are characterized by a high level of mutation and metastasis, poor clinical outcomes and overall survival. Here, we review the epigenetic mechanisms of regulation involved in cell pathways disrupted in TNBC, with particular emphasis on dietary food components that may be exploited for the development of effective strategies for management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella I Selmin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Micah G Donovan
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Barbara J Stillwater
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgery Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Leigh Neumayer
- Department of Surgery, Breast Surgery Oncology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Espinosa-Paredes DA, Cornejo-Garrido J, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Martínez-Rodríguez OP, Jaramillo-Flores ME, Ordaz-Pichardo C. Echinacea Angustifolia DC Extract Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Synergizes with Paclitaxel in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2287-2305. [PMID: 32959676 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1817956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinacea spp. displays different biological activities, such as antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities. Currently, high sales of hydroalcoholic extracts of Echinacea have been reported; hence, the importance of studies on Echinacea. AIM To establish the effects of Echinacea angustifolia DC extract obtained with ethyl acetate (Ea-AcOEt) in breast cancer cell lines. METHODS Cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and cell death were evaluated. Besides, the safety of the extract, as well as its effect in combination with paclitaxel were investigated. RESULTS The echinacoside and caffeic acid content in the Ea-AcOEt extract were quantified by HPLC, and its antioxidant activity was assessed. The Ea-AcOEt extract showed cytotoxic activity on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 28.18 ± 1.14 µg/ml) and MCF-7 cells (19.97 ± 2.31 µg/ml). No effect was observed in normal breast MCF-10 cells. The Ea-AcOEt extract induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and caspase-mediated apoptosis. No genotoxicity was found in vitro or in vivo, and the extract showed no signs of toxicity or death at 2,000 mg/kg in rodents. In vitro, the combination of Ea-AcOEt extract and paclitaxel showed a synergistic effect on both cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION The Ea-AcOEt extract is a potential candidate for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abraham Espinosa-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX, México
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX, México
| | | | - Oswaldo Pablo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN); Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa S/N Col. Unidad Profesional López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX, México
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN); Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Manuel Stampa S/N Col. Unidad Profesional López Mateos, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX, México
| | - Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CDMX, México
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Polonio-Alcalá E, Palomeras S, Torres-Oteros D, Relat J, Planas M, Feliu L, Ciurana J, Ruiz-Martínez S, Puig T. Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor G28 Shows Anticancer Activity in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051283. [PMID: 32438613 PMCID: PMC7281741 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) are effective therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients whose tumors harbor an EGFR activating mutation. However, this treatment is not curative due to primary and secondary resistance such as T790M mutation in exon 20. Recently, activation of transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in NSCLC appeared as an alternative resistance mechanism allowing cancer cells to elude the EGFR signaling. Overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a multifunctional enzyme essential for endogenous lipogenesis, has been related to resistance and the regulation of the EGFR/Jak2/STAT signaling pathways. Using EGFR mutated (EGFRm) NSCLC sensitive and EGFR TKIs’ resistant models (Gefitinib Resistant, GR) we studied the role of the natural polyphenolic anti-FASN compound (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and its derivative G28 to overcome EGFR TKIs’ resistance. We show that G28’s cytotoxicity is independent of TKIs’ resistance mechanisms displaying synergistic effects in combination with gefitinib and osimertinib in the resistant T790M negative (T790M−) model and showing a reduction of activated EGFR and STAT3 in T790M positive (T790M+) models. Our results provide the bases for further investigation of G28 in combination with TKIs to overcome the EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Polonio-Alcalá
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (E.P.-A.); (S.P.)
- Product, Process and Production Engineering Research Group (GREP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Sònia Palomeras
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (E.P.-A.); (S.P.)
| | - Daniel Torres-Oteros
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; (D.T.-O.); (J.R.)
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain; (D.T.-O.); (J.R.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Planas
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Lidia Feliu
- LIPPSO, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (M.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Joaquim Ciurana
- Product, Process and Production Engineering Research Group (GREP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Martínez
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (E.P.-A.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.-M.); (T.P.); Tel.: +34-972-419-548 (S.R.-M.); +34-972-419-628 (T.P.)
| | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (E.P.-A.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.-M.); (T.P.); Tel.: +34-972-419-548 (S.R.-M.); +34-972-419-628 (T.P.)
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Ma Y, Wang J, Li Q, Cao B. The Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementations on anti-Tumor Drugs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:196-205. [PMID: 32223441 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1743873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises about 10-20% of all diagnosed breast cancers. Increasing evidence shows that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, can influence the development, progression, and prognosis of TNBC In Vivo and In Vitro; however, clinical evidence supporting the effect of ω-3PUFAs on TNBC is lacking. Research has demonstrated that ω-3PUFAs can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway, and that ω-3PUFAs can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. Using ω-3PUFA supplementation in addition to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer may result in enhanced anti-tumor effects that will be particularly applicable to difficult to treat phenotypes such as TNBC. The aim of the current review was to summarize the evidence-base supporting the antitumor effects of omega-3 PUFAs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ma
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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40
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Wang Z, Jiang Q, Dong C. Metabolic reprogramming in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:44-59. [PMID: 32296576 PMCID: PMC7142847 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was first defined over a decade ago, increasing studies have focused on its genetic and molecular characteristics. Patients diagnosed with TNBC, compared to those diagnosed with other breast cancer subtypes, have relatively poor outcomes due to high tumor aggressiveness and lack of targeted treatment. Metabolic reprogramming, an emerging hallmark of cancer, is hijacked by TNBC to fulfill bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands; maintain the redox balance; and further promote oncogenic signaling, cell proliferation, and metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms of metabolic remodeling may guide the design of metabolic strategies for the effective intervention of TNBC. Here, we review the metabolic reprogramming of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and other branched pathways in TNBC and explore opportunities for new biomarkers, imaging modalities, and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qianjin Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Surgical Oncology (Breast Center) of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang X, Du G, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Guo F, Liu W, Wu R. Association between different levels of lipid metabolism‑related enzymes and fatty acid synthase in Wilms' tumor. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:568-580. [PMID: 31894270 PMCID: PMC6959468 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms’ tumor is one of the most common malignant tumors of the abdomen in children. However, there is currently no recognized specific biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of this tumor. Lipid metabolism is involved in membrane synthesis and oxidation in tumor cells. This process plays an important role in the development of tumors, but it has not yet been investigated in Wilms’ tumor. The aim of the present study was to characterize the changes in lipid metabolism and to contribute to the diagnosis and prognosis of Wilms’ tumor. Proteomics analysis was performed to detect lipid-metabolizing enzymes in 9 tissue samples from Wilms’ tumors and adjacent tissues, and proteomics revealed the presence of 19 differentially expressed lipid-metabolizing enzymes. Protein interaction analysis with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins was used to identify the interacting proteins. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to further confirm whether the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) was significantly increased in the tumor tissues. Oncomine database and reverse transcription-PCR analyses further confirmed that the expression of FASN at the gene level was significantly increased in the tumors. Following collection of 65 pediatric cases of Wilms’ tumor at the Shandong Provincial Hospital between 2007 and 2012, the association between the expression of FASN and the clinical characteristics was analyzed, and IHC analysis further demonstrated that FASN expression was significantly associated with tumor stage and size. The association between FASN and the prognosis of children with Wilms’ tumor was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. In addition, univariate survival analysis revealed that higher expression of FASN in Wilms’ tumors was associated with poorer prognosis. Our findings revealed that FASN may be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with Wilms’ tumor. Furthermore, lipid metabolism may play an important role in the occurrence and development of Wilms’ tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yidi Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yongfei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Rongde Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Wan X, Liu C, Lin Y, Fu J, Lu G, Lu Z. pH sensitive peptide functionalized nanoparticles for co-delivery of erlotinib and DAPT to restrict the progress of triple negative breast cancer. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:470-480. [PMID: 30957572 PMCID: PMC6462792 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1576801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a variety of drug delivery strategies have been designed for enhancing the treatment of Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), combating with TNBCs is still dramatically challenged by the selection of appropriate therapeutic targets and insufficient tumor accumulation or inner penetration of chemotherapeutics. To address these issues, the classical EGFR-inhibitor, erlotinib (EB), was selected as the model drug here and PLA-based nano-platform (NP-EB) was prepared for tumor site drug delivery. Given the significant role of Notch-EGFR interplay in raising severe resistance to EGFR inhibition of EB, gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI)-DAPT was further entrapped into the core of nanoparticles to inhibit the activation of Notch signaling (NP-EB/DART). For achieving the goal of tumor targeting drug delivery, we developed a new peptide CF and decorating it on the surface of EB/DART-dual loaded nanoparticles (CF-NP-EB/DART). Such CF peptide was designed by conjugating two separated peptide CREKA, tumor-homing peptide, and F3, cell penetrating peptide, to together via a pH-sensitive hydrazone bond. By this way, the tumor unspecific property of F3 was sealed and significantly reduced the site effects. However, after the nanoparticles reach the tumor site, the pH-sensitive linkage can be broken down by the unique acidic environment of tumor, and subsequently discovered the F3 peptide to penetrate into tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wan
- a Department of Pharmacy, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqian Liu
- b Department of General Surgery , Changhai Hospital The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Lin
- a Department of Pharmacy, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fu
- a Department of Pharmacy, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Lu
- a Department of Pharmacy, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- b Department of General Surgery , Changhai Hospital The Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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PLA Electrospun Scaffolds for Three-Dimensional Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Culture. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050916. [PMID: 31126035 PMCID: PMC6572693 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) systems provide a suitable environment for cells cultured in vitro since they reproduce the physiological conditions that traditional cell culture supports lack. Electrospinning is a cost-effective technology useful to manufacture scaffolds with nanofibers that resemble the extracellular matrix that surround cells in the organism. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a synthetic polymer suitable for biomedical applications. The main objective of this study is to evaluate electrospun (ES)-PLA scaffolds to be used for culturing cancer cells. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with no validated targeted therapy and a high relapse rate. MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells were grown in scaffolds from two different PLA concentrations (12% and 15% w/v). The appropriateness of ES-PLA scaffolds was evaluated using a cell proliferation assay. EGFR and STAT3 gene expression and protein levels were compared in cells grown in 2D versus in 3D cultures. An increase in STAT3 activation was shown, which is related to self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, the enrichment of the breast CSC (BCSC) population was tested using a mammosphere-forming assay and gene expression of BCSC-related stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. Based on the results obtained, ES-PLA scaffolds are useful for 3D cultures in short culture periods with no BCSC-enrichment.
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Polonio-Alcalá E, Rabionet M, Ruiz-Martínez S, Ciurana J, Puig T. Three-Dimensional Manufactured Supports for Breast Cancer Stem Cell Population Characterization. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:839-851. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181122113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women and the second cause of female death for cancer. When the tumor is not correctly eradicated, there is a high relapse risk and incidence of metastasis. Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) are responsible for initiating tumors and are resistant to current anticancer therapies being in part responsible for tumor relapse and metastasis. The study of BCSCs is limited due to their low percentage within both tumors and established cell models. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) supports are presented as an interesting tool to keep the stem-like features in 3D cell culture. In this review, several 3D culture systems are discussed. Moreover, scaffolds are presented as a tool to enrich in BCSCs in order to find new specific therapeutic strategies against this malignant subpopulation. Anticancer treatments focused on BCSCs could be useful for BC patients, with particular interest in those that progress to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Polonio-Alcalá
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Rabionet
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Martínez
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Ciurana
- Product, Process and Production Engineering Research Group (GREP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Carvalho TM, Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:343-363. [PMID: 30928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the peculiarities of metabolic reprogramming in tumour onset and progression, and their relevance in cancer therapy. Also, it has been indicated that the metastatic process may depend on the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of cancer cells to the pressure of tumour microenvironment and limiting nutrient availability. The present review gatherers the existent knowledge on the influence of tumour microenvironment and metabolic routes driving metastasis. A focus will be given to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, glutaminolysis, and amino acid handling. In addition, the role of metabolic waste driving metastasization will be explored. Finally, we discuss the status of cancer treatment approaches targeting metabolism. This knowledge revision will highlight the critical metabolic targets in metastasis and the chemicals already used in preclinical studies and clinical trials, providing clues that would be further exploited in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ma Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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EGCG-Derivative G28 Shows High Efficacy Inhibiting the Mammosphere-Forming Capacity of Sensitive and Resistant TNBC Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061027. [PMID: 30875891 PMCID: PMC6471537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), a lipogenic enzyme overexpressed in several carcinomas, plays an important role in drug resistance. Furthermore, the enrichment of Breast Cancer Stem Cell (BCSC) features has been found in breast tumors that progressed after chemotherapy. Hence, we used the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 (231) to evaluate the FASN and BCSC population role in resistance acquisition to chemotherapy. For this reason, parental cell line (231) and its derivatives resistant to doxorubicin (231DXR) and paclitaxel (231PTR) were used. The Mammosphere-Forming Assay and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity assay showed an increase in BCSCs in the doxorubicin-resistant model. Moreover, the expression of some transcription factors involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that confers BCSC characteristics, was upregulated after chemotherapy treatment. FASN inhibitors C75, (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), and its synthetic derivatives G28, G56 and G37 were used to evaluate the effect of FASN inhibition on the BCSC-enriched population in our cell lines. G28 showed a noticeable antiproliferative effect in adherent conditions and, interestingly, a high mammosphere-forming inhibition capacity in all cell models. Our preliminary results highlight the importance of studying FASN inhibitors for the treatment of TNBC patients, especially those who progress after chemotherapy.
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Tripathi SC, Fahrmann JF, Vykoukal JV, Dennison JB, Hanash SM. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer: Small molecule inhibitors in clinic. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2018; 2:e1131. [PMID: 32721114 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cell metabolism is an established hallmark of cancer. Advancement in our understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism has aided drastically in identifying metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. Indeed, this knowledge has led to the development of a multitude of agents targeting various aspects of tumor metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS The intent of this review is to provide insight into small molecule inhibitors that target tumor metabolism and that are currently being explored in active clinical trials as either preventive, stand-alone, or adjuvant therapies for various malignancies. For each inhibitor, we outline the mechanism (s) of action, preclinical/clinical findings, and limitations. Sections are divided into three aspects based on the primary target of the small molecule inhibitor (s): those that impact (1) cancer cells directly, (2) immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment, or (3) both cancer cells and immune cells. We highlight small molecule targeting of metabolic pathways including de novo fatty acid synthesis, NAD+ biosynthesis, 2-hydroxyglutarate biosynthesis, polyamine metabolism, the kynurenine pathway, as well as glutamine and arginine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Use of small molecule inhibitors aimed at exploiting tumor metabolic vulnerabilities continues to be an active area of research. Identifying metabolic dependencies specific to cancer cells and/or constituents of the tumor microenvironment is a viable area of therapeutic intervention that holds considerable clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra C Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jody V Vykoukal
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate Synthetic Analogues Inhibit Fatty Acid Synthase and Show Anticancer Activity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051160. [PMID: 29751678 PMCID: PMC6099607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenol from green tea with reported anticancer activity and capacity to inhibit the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is overexpressed in several human carcinomas. To improve the pharmacological profile of EGCG, we previously developed a family of EGCG derivatives and the lead compounds G28, G37 and G56 were characterized in HER2-positive breast cancer cells overexpressing FASN. Here, diesters G28, G37 and G56 and two G28 derivatives, monoesters M1 and M2, were synthesized and assessed in vitro for their cytotoxic, FASN inhibition and apoptotic activities in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. All compounds displayed moderate to high cytotoxicity and significantly blocked FASN activity, monoesters M1 and M2 being more potent inhibitors than diesters. Interestingly, G28, M1, and M2 also diminished FASN protein expression levels, but only monoesters M1 and M2 induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that FASN inhibition by such polyphenolic compounds could be a new strategy in TNBC treatment, and highlight the potential anticancer activities of monoesters. Thus, G28, G37, G56, and most importantly M1 and M2, are anticancer candidates (alone or in combination) to be further characterized in vitro and in vivo.
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Grunt TW. Interacting Cancer Machineries: Cell Signaling, Lipid Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:86-98. [PMID: 29203141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-specific perturbations of signaling, metabolism, and epigenetics can be a cause and/or consequence of malignant transformation. Evidence indicates that these regulatory systems interact with each other to form highly flexible and robust cybernetic networks that promote malignant growth and confer treatment resistance. Deciphering these plexuses using holistic approaches known from systems biology can be instructive for the future design of novel anticancer strategies. In this review, I discuss novel findings elucidating the multiple molecular interdependence among cancer-specific signaling, cell metabolism, and epigenetics to provide an insightful understanding of how major cancer machineries interact with each other during cancer development and progression, and how this knowledge may be used for future co-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Grunt
- Signaling Networks Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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50
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Park JK, Coffey NJ, Limoges A, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1063:33-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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