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Wang Z, Chang Y, Sun H, Li Y, Tang T. Advances in molecular mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease‑associated colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:257. [PMID: 38646499 PMCID: PMC11027113 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between inflammation and cancer is well documented and colonic inflammation caused by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be a high-risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The complex crosstalk between epithelial and inflammatory cells is thought to underlie the progression from inflammation to cancer. The present review collates and summarises recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD-associated CRC (IBD-CRC), including the oncogenic mechanisms of the main inflammatory signalling pathways and genetic alterations induced by oxidative stress during colonic inflammation, and discusses the crosstalk between the tumour microenvironment, intestinal flora and host immune factors during inflammatory oncogenesis in colitis-associated CRC. In addition, the therapeutic implications of anti-inflammatory therapy for IBD-CRC were discussed, intending to provide new insight into improve clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Tongyu Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Porter RJ, Din S, Bankhead P, Oniscu A, Arends MJ. QuPath Algorithm Accurately Identifies MLH1-Deficient Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancers in a Tissue Microarray. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111890. [PMID: 37296742 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods for analysing immunohistochemistry are labour-intensive and often confounded by inter-observer variability. Analysis is time consuming when identifying small clinically important cohorts within larger samples. This study trained QuPath, an open-source image analysis program, to accurately identify MLH1-deficient inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancers (IBD-CRC) from a tissue microarray containing normal colon and IBD-CRC. The tissue microarray (n = 162 cores) was immunostained for MLH1, digitalised, and imported into QuPath. A small sample (n = 14) was used to train QuPath to detect positive versus no MLH1 and tissue histology (normal epithelium, tumour, immune infiltrates, stroma). This algorithm was applied to the tissue microarray and correctly identified tissue histology and MLH1 expression in the majority of valid cases (73/99, 73.74%), incorrectly identified MLH1 status in one case (1.01%), and flagged 25/99 (25.25%) cases for manual review. Qualitative review found five reasons for flagged cores: small quantity of tissue, diverse/atypical morphology, excessive inflammatory/immune infiltrations, normal mucosa, or weak/patchy immunostaining. Of classified cores (n = 74), QuPath was 100% (95% CI 80.49, 100) sensitive and 98.25% (95% CI 90.61, 99.96) specific for identifying MLH1-deficient IBD-CRC; κ = 0.963 (95% CI 0.890, 1.036) (p < 0.001). This process could be efficiently automated in diagnostic laboratories to examine all colonic tissue and tumours for MLH1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Porter
- Edinburgh Pathology, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shahida Din
- Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Edinburgh Pathology, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, CRUK Scotland Centre, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anca Oniscu
- Edinburgh Pathology, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- Edinburgh Pathology, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK
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Porter RJ, Murray GI, Hapca S, Hay A, Craig SG, Humphries MP, James JA, Salto-Tellez M, Brice DP, Berry SH, McLean MH. Subcellular Epithelial HMGB1 Expression Is Associated with Colorectal Neoplastic Progression, Male Sex, Mismatch Repair Protein Expression, Lymph Node Positivity, and an 'Immune Cold' Phenotype Associated with Poor Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061865. [PMID: 36980751 PMCID: PMC10047220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
New treatment targets are needed for colorectal cancer (CRC). We define expression of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) protein throughout colorectal neoplastic progression and examine the biological consequences of aberrant expression. HMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that shuttles to the cytoplasm under cellular stress. HMGB1 impacts cellular responses, acting as a cytokine when secreted. A total of 846 human tissue samples were retrieved; 6242 immunohistochemically stained sections were reviewed. Subcellular epithelial HMGB1 expression was assessed in a CRC Tissue Microarray (n = 650), normal colonic epithelium (n = 75), adenomatous polyps (n = 52), and CRC polyps (CaP, n = 69). Stromal lymphocyte phenotype was assessed in the CRC microarray and a subgroup of CaP. Normal colonic epithelium has strong nuclear and absent cytoplasmic HMGB1. With progression to CRC, there is an emergence of strong cytoplasmic HMGB1 (p < 0.001), pronounced at the leading cancer edge within CaP (p < 0.001), and reduction in nuclear HMGB1 (p < 0.001). In CRC, absent nuclear HMGB1 is associated with mismatch repair proteins (p = 0.001). Stronger cytoplasmic HMGB1 is associated with lymph node positivity (p < 0.001) and male sex (p = 0.009). Stronger nuclear (p = 0.011) and cytoplasmic (p = 0.002) HMGB1 is associated with greater CD4+ T-cell density, stronger nuclear HMGB1 is associated with greater FOXP3+ (p < 0.001) and ICOS+ (p = 0.018) lymphocyte density, and stronger nuclear HMGB1 is associated with reduced CD8+ T-cell density (p = 0.022). HMGB1 does not directly impact survival but is associated with an 'immune cold' tumour microenvironment which is associated with poor survival (p < 0.001). HMGB1 may represent a new treatment target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Porter
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sandra Hapca
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Andrew Hay
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Stephanie G Craig
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cell Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cell Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cell Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Precision Medicine Centre of Excellence, Centre for Cell Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Daniel P Brice
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WU, UK
| | - Susan H Berry
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mairi H McLean
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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The Efficacy and Mechanism of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe in Inhibiting Canceration of Colorectal Adenoma Based on Inflammatory Cancer Transformation. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:4319551. [PMID: 36844438 PMCID: PMC9946765 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4319551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at exploring the effect of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on preventing colon polyp recurrence and inhibiting the progress of "inflammatory cancer transformation." And another goal is to explore the changes of intestinal flora structure and intestinal inflammatory (immune) microenvironment of mice with colon polyps treated by Qinghua Jianpi Recipe and to clarify its mechanism. Methods Clinical trials were conducted to confirm the therapeutic effect of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The inhibitory effect of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on "inflammatory cancer transformation" of colon cancer was confirmed by an adenoma canceration mouse model. Histopathological examination was used to evaluate the effects of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on intestinal inflammatory state, adenoma number, and pathological changes of adenoma model mice. The changes of inflammatory indexes in intestinal tissue were tested by ELISA. Intestinal flora was detected by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Short-chain fatty acid metabolism in the intestine was analyzed by targeted metabolomics. Network pharmacology analysis of possible mechanism of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe on colorectal cancer was performed. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of the related signaling pathways. Results Qinghua Jianpi Recipe can significantly improve intestinal inflammation status and function in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Qinghua Jianpi Recipe could significantly improve the intestinal inflammatory activity and pathological damage of adenoma model mice and reduce the number of adenoma. Qinghua Jianpi Recipe significantly increased the levels of Peptostreptococcales_Tissierellales, NK4A214_group, Romboutsia, and other intestinal flora after intervention. Meanwhile, the treatment group of Qinghua Jianpi Recipe could reverse the changes of short-chain fatty acids. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental studies showed that Qinghua Jianpi Recipe inhibited the "inflammatory cancer transformation" of colon cancer by regulating intestinal barrier function-related proteins, inflammatory and immune-related signaling pathways, and free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2). Conclusion Qinghua Jianpi Recipe can improve the intestinal inflammatory activity and pathological damage of patient and adenoma cancer model mice. And its mechanism is related to the regulation of intestinal flora structure and abundance, short-chain fatty acid metabolism, intestinal barrier function, and inflammatory pathways.
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Cui HY, Wei W, Qian MR, Tian RF, Fu X, Li HW, Nan G, Yang T, Lin P, Chen X, Zhu YM, Wang B, Sun XX, Dou JH, Jiang JL, Li L, Wang SJ, Chen ZN. PDGFA-associated protein 1 is a novel target of c-Myc and contributes to colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:750-767. [PMID: 35716012 PMCID: PMC9395323 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression remains elusive, and overall survival is far from satisfactory. Previous studies have shown that PDGFA-associated protein 1 (PDAP1) is upregulated in several cancers including CRC. Here, we aimed to identify the cause and consequence of PDAP1 dysregulation in CRC and evaluate its role as a potential therapeutic target. METHODS Multi-omics data analysis was performed to identify potential key players in CRC initiation and progression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was applied to determine the expression pattern of PDAP1 in CRC tissues. Pdap1 conditional knockout mice were used to establish colitis and CRC mouse models. RNA sequencing, a phosphoprotein antibody array, western blotting, histological analysis, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay, and interactome analysis were applied to identify the underlying mechanisms of PDAP1. A human patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was used to assess the potential of PDAP1 as a therapeutic target. RESULTS PDAP1 was identified as a potential key player in CRC development using multi-omics data analysis. PDAP1 was overexpressed in CRC cells and correlated with reduced overall survival. Further investigation showed that PDAP1 was critical for the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Significantly, depletion of Pdap1 in intestinal epithelial cells impaired mucosal restitution in dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis and inhibited tumor initiation and growth in colitis-associated cancers. Mechanistic studies showed that c-Myc directly transactivated PDAP1, which contributed to the high PDAP1 expression in CRC cells. PDAP1 interacted with the juxtamembrane domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and facilitated EGFR-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling activation, which resulted in FOS-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) expression, thereby facilitating CRC progression. Notably, silencing of PDAP1 could hinder the growth of patient-derived xenografts that sustain high PDAP1 levels. CONCLUSIONS PDAP1 facilitates mucosal restitution and carcinogenesis in colitis-associated cancer. c-Myc-driven upregulation of PDAP1 promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells via the EGFR-MAPK-FRA-1 signaling axis. These findings indicated that PDAP1 inhibition is warranted for CRC patients with PDAP1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Rui Qian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Fei Tian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xin Fu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Gang Nan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Xuan Sun
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
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Tosti E, Almeida AS, Tran TT, Barbachan e Silva M, Broin PÓ, Dubin R, Chen K, Beck AP, Mclellan AS, Vilar E, Golden A, O’Toole PW, Edelmann W. Loss of MMR and TGFBR2 Increases the Susceptibility to Microbiota-Dependent Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:693-717. [PMID: 35688320 PMCID: PMC9421583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are causative in Lynch syndrome and a significant proportion of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs). MMR-deficient (dMMR) CRCs display increased mutation rates, with mutations frequently accumulating at short repetitive DNA sequences throughout the genome (microsatellite instability). The TGFBR2 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in dMMR CRCs. Therefore, we generated an animal model to study how the loss of both TGFBR2 signaling impacts dMMR-driven intestinal tumorigenesis in vivo and explore the impact of the gut microbiota. METHODS We generated VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice in which Msh2loxP and Tgfbr2loxP alleles are inactivated by Villin-Cre recombinase in the intestinal epithelium. VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were analyzed for their rate of intestinal cancer development and for the mutational spectra and gene expression profiles of tumors. In addition, we assessed the impact of chemically induced chronic inflammation and gut microbiota composition on colorectal tumorigenesis. RESULTS VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice developed small intestinal adenocarcinomas and CRCs with histopathological features highly similar to CRCs in Lynch syndrome patients. The CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice were associated with the presence of colitis and displayed genetic and histological features that resembled inflammation-associated CRCs in human patients. The development of CRCs in VCMsh2/Tgfbr2 mice was strongly modulated by the gut microbiota composition, which in turn was impacted by the TGFBR2 status of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a synergistic interaction between MMR and TGFBR2 inactivation in inflammation-associated colon tumorigenesis and highlight the crucial impact of the gut microbiota on modulating the incidence of inflammation-associated CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Elena Tosti, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574
| | - Ana S. Almeida
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tam T.T. Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Mariel Barbachan e Silva
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pilib Ó. Broin
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Dubin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Amanda P. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Andrew S. Mclellan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron Golden
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul W. O’Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Winfried Edelmann, PhD, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. fax: 718-430-8574.
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7
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Leite-Gomes E, Dias AM, Azevedo CM, Santos-Pereira B, Magalhães M, Garrido M, Amorim R, Lago P, Marcos-Pinto R, Pinho SS. Bringing to Light the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mucosal Glycosylation as a Key Player. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:947-962. [PMID: 34849933 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer is a major complication of inflammatory bowel disease remaining an important clinical challenge in terms of diagnosis, screening, and prognosis. Inflammation is a driving factor both in inflammatory bowel disease and cancer, but the mechanism underlying the transition from colon inflammation to cancer remains to be defined. Dysregulation of mucosal glycosylation has been described as a key regulatory mechanism associated both with colon inflammation and colorectal cancer development. In this review, we discuss the major molecular mechanisms of colitis-associated cancer pathogenesis, highlighting the role of glycans expressed at gut epithelial cells, at lamina propria T cells, and in serum proteins in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and its progression to colon cancer, further discussing its potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Leite-Gomes
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Dias
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina M Azevedo
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos-Pereira
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Magalhães
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Garrido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Amorim
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Pediatrics Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Lago
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos-Pinto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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8
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Yu D, Wang A, Zhang J, Li X, Jiang C, Zhou H. Genomic analysis of schistosomiasis-associated colorectal cancer reveals a unique mutational landscape and therapeutic implications. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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9
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Berrino E, Filippi R, Visintin C, Peirone S, Fenocchio E, Farinea G, Veglio F, Aglietta M, Sapino A, Cereda M, Visintin R, Pasini B, Marchiò C. Collision of germline POLE and PMS2 variants in a young patient treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:15. [PMID: 35260767 PMCID: PMC8904527 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of multiple and metachronous tumors in young patients induces to suspect the presence of genetic variants in genes associated with tumorigenesis. We describe here the unusual case of a 16-year-old patient who developed a synchronous bifocal colorectal adenocarcinoma with distant metastases. We provide high throughput molecular characterization with whole-exome sequencing (WES) and DNA targeted sequencing of different tumoral lesions and normal tissue samples that led to unveil a germline POLE mutation (p.Ser297Cys) coexisting with the PMS2 c.2174 + 1 G > A splicing mutation. This clinical scenario defines a “POLE-LYNCH” collision syndrome, which explains the ultra-mutator phenotype observed in the tumor lesions, and the presence of MMR deficiency-associated unusual signatures. The patient was successfully treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors but subsequently developed a high-grade urothelial carcinoma cured by surgery. We complement this analysis with a transcriptomic characterization of tumoral lesions with a panel targeting 770 genes related to the tumor microenvironment and immune evasion thus getting insight on cancer progression and response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Berrino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Filippi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Peirone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Franco Veglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Internal Medicine Unit, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.,Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosella Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy. .,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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10
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Pan B, Ren L, Onuchic V, Guan M, Kusko R, Bruinsma S, Trigg L, Scherer A, Ning B, Zhang C, Glidewell-Kenney C, Xiao C, Donaldson E, Sedlazeck FJ, Schroth G, Yavas G, Grunenwald H, Chen H, Meinholz H, Meehan J, Wang J, Yang J, Foox J, Shang J, Miclaus K, Dong L, Shi L, Mohiyuddin M, Pirooznia M, Gong P, Golshani R, Wolfinger R, Lababidi S, Sahraeian SME, Sherry S, Han T, Chen T, Shi T, Hou W, Ge W, Zou W, Guo W, Bao W, Xiao W, Fan X, Gondo Y, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Su Z, Liu Z, Tong W, Xiao W, Zook JM, Zheng Y, Hong H. Assessing reproducibility of inherited variants detected with short-read whole genome sequencing. Genome Biol 2022; 23:2. [PMID: 34980216 PMCID: PMC8722114 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproducible detection of inherited variants with whole genome sequencing (WGS) is vital for the implementation of precision medicine and is a complicated process in which each step affects variant call quality. Systematically assessing reproducibility of inherited variants with WGS and impact of each step in the process is needed for understanding and improving quality of inherited variants from WGS. RESULTS To dissect the impact of factors involved in detection of inherited variants with WGS, we sequence triplicates of eight DNA samples representing two populations on three short-read sequencing platforms using three library kits in six labs and call variants with 56 combinations of aligners and callers. We find that bioinformatics pipelines (callers and aligners) have a larger impact on variant reproducibility than WGS platform or library preparation. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), particularly outside difficult-to-map regions, are more reproducible than small insertions and deletions (indels), which are least reproducible when > 5 bp. Increasing sequencing coverage improves indel reproducibility but has limited impact on SNVs above 30×. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight sources of variability in variant detection and the need for improvement of bioinformatics pipelines in the era of precision medicine with WGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohu Pan
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Luyao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Len Trigg
- Real Time Genomics, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Scherer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- EATRIS ERIC- European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Baitang Ning
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- School of Computing Sciences and Computer Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | | | - Chunlin Xiao
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Eric Donaldson
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Gokhan Yavas
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joe Meehan
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jingcheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | | | - Lianhua Dong
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Leming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | | | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ping Gong
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | | | | | - Samir Lababidi
- Office of Health Informatics, Office of the Commissioner, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | | | - Steve Sherry
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Tao Han
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tieliu Shi
- The Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wanwan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weigong Ge
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wen Zou
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenjun Bao
- SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Wenzhong Xiao
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- CCR-SF Bioinformatics Group, Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Su
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Pathology, Center for Device and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Justin M Zook
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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11
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Porter RJ, Arends MJ, Churchhouse AMD, Din S. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer: Translational Risks from Mechanisms to Medicines. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:2131-2141. [PMID: 34111282 PMCID: PMC8684457 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative impact of chronic inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases predisposes to the development of inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer [IBD-CRC]. Inflammation can induce mutagenesis, and the relapsing-remitting nature of this inflammation, together with epithelial regeneration, may exert selective pressure accelerating carcinogenesis. The molecular pathogenesis of IBD-CRC, termed the 'inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma' sequence, is well described. However, the immunopathogenesis of IBD-CRC is less well understood. The impact of novel immunosuppressive therapies, which aim to achieve deep remission, is mostly unknown. Therefore, this timely review summarizes the clinical context of IBD-CRC, outlines the molecular and immunological basis of disease pathogenesis, and considers the impact of novel biological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Porter
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Cancer & Genetics, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Shahida Din
- NHS Lothian Edinburgh IBD Unit, Western General Hospital, UK
- Corresponding author: Dr Shahida Din, Edinburgh IBD Unit, Anne Ferguson Building, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. Tel: +44 (0) 131 537 1758;
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12
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Chen M, Linstra R, van Vugt MATM. Genomic instability, inflammatory signaling and response to cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188661. [PMID: 34800547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic and chromosomal instability are hallmarks of cancer and shape the genomic composition of cancer cells, thereby determining their behavior and response to treatment. Various genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer have been linked to genomic instability, including DNA repair defects, oncogene-induced replication stress, and spindle assembly checkpoint malfunction. A consequence of genomic and chromosomal instability is the leakage of DNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm, either directly or through the formation and subsequent rupture of micronuclei. Cytoplasmic DNA subsequently activates cytoplasmic DNA sensors, triggering downstream pathways, including a type I interferon response. This inflammatory signaling has pleiotropic effects, including enhanced anti-tumor immunity and potentially results in sensitization of cancer cells to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, cancers frequently evolve mechanisms to avoid immune clearance, including suppression of inflammatory signaling. In this review, we summarize inflammatory signaling pathways induced by various sources of genomic instability, adaptation mechanisms that suppress inflammatory signaling, and implications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renske Linstra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A T M van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Rajamäki K, Taira A, Katainen R, Välimäki N, Kuosmanen A, Plaketti RM, Seppälä TT, Ahtiainen M, Wirta EV, Vartiainen E, Sulo P, Ravantti J, Lehtipuro S, Granberg KJ, Nykter M, Tanskanen T, Ristimäki A, Koskensalo S, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Taipale J, Mecklin JP, Aavikko M, Palin K, Aaltonen LA. Genetic and Epigenetic Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:592-607. [PMID: 33930428 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). IBD-associated CRC (IBD-CRC) may represent a distinct pathway of tumorigenesis compared to sporadic CRC (sCRC). Our aim was to comprehensively characterize IBD-associated tumorigenesis integrating multiple high-throughput approaches, and to compare the results with in-house data sets from sCRCs. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, RNA sequencing, genome-wide methylation analysis, and immunohistochemistry were performed using fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissue samples of tumor and corresponding normal tissues from 31 patients with IBD-CRC. RESULTS Transcriptome-based tumor subtyping revealed the complete absence of canonical epithelial tumor subtype associated with WNT signaling in IBD-CRCs, dominated instead by mesenchymal stroma-rich subtype. Negative WNT regulators AXIN2 and RNF43 were strongly down-regulated in IBD-CRCs and chromosomal gains at HNF4A, a negative regulator of WNT-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), were less frequent compared to sCRCs. Enrichment of hypomethylation at HNF4α binding sites was detected solely in sCRC genomes. PIGR and OSMR involved in mucosal immunity were dysregulated via epigenetic modifications in IBD-CRCs. Genome-wide analysis showed significant enrichment of noncoding mutations to 5'untranslated region of TP53 in IBD-CRCs. As reported previously, somatic mutations in APC and KRAS were less frequent in IBD-CRCs compared to sCRCs. CONCLUSIONS Distinct mechanisms of WNT pathway dysregulation skew IBD-CRCs toward mesenchymal tumor subtype, which may affect prognosis and treatment options. Increased OSMR signaling may favor the establishment of mesenchymal tumors in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Rajamäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aurora Taira
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roosa-Maria Plaketti
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni T Seppälä
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Surgical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maarit Ahtiainen
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Erkki-Ville Wirta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Emilia Vartiainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Sulo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Ravantti
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Lehtipuro
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi J Granberg
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Selja Koskensalo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Division of Functional Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Education and Research, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Galuppini F, Fassan M, Mastracci L, Gafà R, Lo Mele M, Lazzi S, Remo A, Parente P, D'Amuri A, Mescoli C, Tatangelo F, Lanza G. The histomorphological and molecular landscape of colorectal adenomas and serrated lesions. Pathologica 2021; 113:218-229. [PMID: 34294939 PMCID: PMC8299322 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 WHO classification of digestive system tumors significantly reformed the classificatory definition of serrated lesions of the colorectal mucosa and added new essential diagnostic criteria for both conventional adenomas and hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes. Histopathological examination of colorectal adenocarcinoma precursors lesions represents an important segment of daily clinical practice in a pathology department and is essential for the implementation of current colorectal adenocarcinoma secondary prevention strategies. This overview will focus on a schematic histopathological and molecular classification of precursor lesions arising within colorectal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Galuppini
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcello Lo Mele
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Service Department, ULSS9 "Scaligera", Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | | | - Claudia Mescoli
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Guo S, Geng W, Chen S, Wang L, Rong X, Wang S, Wang T, Xiong L, Huang J, Pang X, Lu Y. Ginger Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Severity by Improving the Diversity and Function of Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632569. [PMID: 33692694 PMCID: PMC7937968 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ginger on gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis have been widely investigated using experimental models; however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the therapeutic effects of ginger and the regulation of the gut microbiota. We used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis and found that ginger alleviated colitis-associated pathological changes and decreased the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mice. 16s rRNA sequencing analysis of the feces samples showed that mice with colitis had an intestinal flora imbalance with lower species diversity and richness. At the phylum level, a higher abundance of pathogenic bacteria, Proteobacteria and firmicutes, were observed; at the genus level, most samples in the model group showed an increase in Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. The overall analysis illustrated an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus_murinus, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_615, and Ruminiclostridium_sp._KB18. These increased pathogenic bacteria in model mice were decreased when treated with ginger. DSS-treated mice showed a lower abundance of Muribaculaceae, and ginger corrected this disorder. The bacterial community structure of the ginger group analyzed with Alpha and Beta indices was similar to that of the control group. The results also illustrated that altered intestinal microbiomes affected physiological functions and adjusted key metabolic pathways in mice. In conclusion, this research presented that ginger reduced DSS-induced colitis severity and positively regulated the intestinal microbiome. Based on the series of data in this study, we hypothesize that ginger can improve diseases by restoring the diversity and functions of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Guo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Eight Plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guilin, China
| | - Wenye Geng
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Eight Plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guilin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Eight Plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guilin, China
| | - Xuli Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuocun Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingfang Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Xiong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghua Huang
- Eight Plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaobin Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Eight Plus One Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guilin, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Lang-Schwarz C, Adler W, Geppert M, Seitz G, Sterlacci W, Falkeis-Veits C, Veits L, Drgac J, Melcher B, Lang-Schwarz K, Nikolaev S, Dregelies T, Krugmann J, Vieth M. Sporadic adenoma or ulcerative colitis associated neoplasia? The endoscopist's information has an impact on diagnosis and patient management. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153162. [PMID: 32916446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosing low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult. Distinguishing between sporadic adenoma (SA) and UC associated LGIN is even more challenging but has clinical impact. We aimed to examine, if the morphological distinction between both entities is reliably possible, how it influences patient's outcome and the role of the endoscopist in this decision with respect to current endoscopy classification schemes. METHODS Seven pathologists retrospectively reevaluated 425 cases of LGIN in UC patients, diagnosed between 2009 and 2017 with preceding expert consensus and follow up in two separate readings, based on published morphological differentiation criteria. In the first evaluation, the observers were blinded to any clinical data. In the second evaluation, they knew patients' age as well as endoscopic features. They also rated their subjective diagnostic certainty. RESULTS Diagnostic correctness improved significantly in the second assessment as did the pathologists' confidence in their diagnoses (p < 0.001 - p = 0.019). Knowledge of clinical and endoscopical data led to a higher percentage of SA (71.8% vs. 85.6%). UC associated LGIN showed significant earlier LGIN relapse as well as more high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma during follow up (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Distinction between SA and UC associated LGIN is important as it has an impact on patients' follow up and treatment. Morphological distinction remains difficult with moderate interobserver variability. Adequate clinical information significantly improves pathologists' diagnoses as well as their confidence in their diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Geppert
- Specialist for Internal Medicine, Gastroenterologist, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gerhard Seitz
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Lothar Veits
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jan Drgac
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Balint Melcher
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens Krugmann
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Bayreuth, Germany
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Olafsson S, McIntyre RE, Coorens T, Butler T, Jung H, Robinson PS, Lee-Six H, Sanders MA, Arestang K, Dawson C, Tripathi M, Strongili K, Hooks Y, Stratton MR, Parkes M, Martincorena I, Raine T, Campbell PJ, Anderson CA. Somatic Evolution in Non-neoplastic IBD-Affected Colon. Cell 2020; 182:672-684.e11. [PMID: 32697969 PMCID: PMC7427325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers. We whole-genome sequenced 446 colonic crypts from 46 IBD patients and compared these to 412 crypts from 41 non-IBD controls from our previous publication on the mutation landscape of the normal colon. The average mutation rate of affected colonic epithelial cells is 2.4-fold that of healthy colon, and this increase is mostly driven by acceleration of mutational processes ubiquitously observed in normal colon. In contrast to the normal colon, where clonal expansions outside the confines of the crypt are rare, we observed widespread millimeter-scale clonal expansions. We discovered non-synonymous mutations in ARID1A, FBXW7, PIGR, ZC3H12A, and genes in the interleukin 17 and Toll-like receptor pathways, under positive selection in IBD. These results suggest distinct selection mechanisms in the colitis-affected colon and that somatic mutations potentially play a causal role in IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim Coorens
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Timothy Butler
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hyunchul Jung
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Philip S Robinson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge, Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Henry Lee-Six
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Arestang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claire Dawson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Monika Tripathi
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Konstantina Strongili
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yvette Hooks
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Miles Parkes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Tim Raine
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
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18
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Somatic inflammatory gene mutations in human ulcerative colitis epithelium. Nature 2019; 577:254-259. [PMID: 31853059 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With ageing, normal human tissues experience an expansion of somatic clones that carry cancer mutations1-7. However, whether such clonal expansion exists in the non-neoplastic intestine remains unknown. Here, using whole-exome sequencing data from 76 clonal human colon organoids, we identify a unique pattern of somatic mutagenesis in the inflamed epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis. The affected epithelium accumulates somatic mutations in multiple genes that are related to IL-17 signalling-including NFKBIZ, ZC3H12A and PIGR, which are genes that are rarely affected in colon cancer. Targeted sequencing validates the pervasive spread of mutations that are related to IL-17 signalling. Unbiased CRISPR-based knockout screening in colon organoids reveals that the mutations confer resistance to the pro-apoptotic response that is induced by IL-17A. Some of these genetic mutations are known to exacerbate experimental colitis in mice8-11, and somatic mutagenesis in human colon epithelium may be causally linked to the inflammatory process. Our findings highlight a genetic landscape that adapts to a hostile microenvironment, and demonstrate its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
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19
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Frequent mutations that converge on the NFKBIZ pathway in ulcerative colitis. Nature 2019; 577:260-265. [PMID: 31853061 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is accompanied by recurring cycles of tissue destruction and repair and is associated with an increased risk of cancer1-3. However, how such cycles affect the clonal composition of tissues, particularly in terms of cancer development, remains unknown. Here we show that in patients with ulcerative colitis, the inflamed intestine undergoes widespread remodelling by pervasive clones, many of which are positively selected by acquiring mutations that commonly involve the NFKBIZ, TRAF3IP2, ZC3H12A, PIGR and HNRNPF genes and are implicated in the downregulation of IL-17 and other pro-inflammatory signals. Mutational profiles vary substantially between colitis-associated cancer and non-dysplastic tissues in ulcerative colitis, which indicates that there are distinct mechanisms of positive selection in both tissues. In particular, mutations in NFKBIZ are highly prevalent in the epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis but rarely found in both sporadic and colitis-associated cancer, indicating that NFKBIZ-mutant cells are selected against during colorectal carcinogenesis. In further support of this negative selection, we found that tumour formation was significantly attenuated in Nfkbiz-mutant mice and cell competition was compromised by disruption of NFKBIZ in human colorectal cancer cells. Our results highlight common and discrete mechanisms of clonal selection in inflammatory tissues, which reveal unexpected cancer vulnerabilities that could potentially be exploited for therapeutics in colorectal cancer.
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Hirsch D. [Colorectal tumor evolution in inflammatory bowel disease : Dynamics of genomic alterations and potential molecular markers to predict malignant progression]. DER PATHOLOGE 2019; 40:232-238. [PMID: 31811372 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-019-00709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) increase the risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). In IBD, the evolution of potential tumor clones occurs long before neoplastic lesions become evident and these clones can be undetectable by endoscopy and histology at early stages. The spectrum of genomic alterations in IBD-associated colorectal carcinogenesis is distinct from the changes observed in the sporadic adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Predominant alterations include aneuploidies and mutations of TP53, which both occur early in IBD-related tumorigenesis. In some IBD patients, genomic alterations can already be detected in colonic mucosa without any histologic signs of dysplasia. Genomic analysis of multiregional samples from colectomy specimens of IBD patients revealed distinct tumor evolutionary patterns. This suggests an increased genomic instability in the chronically inflamed bowel that enables the emergence of multiple, phylogenetically unrelated neoplastic lesions within the colorectum of a single IBD patient. This article summarizes the genomic alterations underlying IBD-associated colorectal tumorigenesis and the evolutionary patterns from inflamed, not yet dysplastic epithelium to CRC. Furthermore, it is discussed how this knowledge can eventually be exploited for early detection of malignant progression of IBD and thus help to improve the clinical management and surveillance schedule of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hirsch
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland. .,Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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21
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Barbosa JMG, Pereira NZ, David LC, de Oliveira CG, Soares MFG, Avelino MAG, de Oliveira AE, Shokry E, Filho NRA. Cerumenogram: a new frontier in cancer diagnosis in humans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11722. [PMID: 31409861 PMCID: PMC6692389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the deadliest human disease and the development of new diagnosis methods is important to increase the chances of a cure. In this work it was developed a new method, named here for the first time as cerumenogram, using cerumen (earwax) as a new biomatrix for diagnosis. Earwax samples collected from cancer patients (cancer group) and cancer-free patients (control group) were analyzed by Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS/GC-MS), following with multivariate analysis steps to process the raw data generated. In total, 158 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) were identified in the cerumen samples. The 27 selected as potential VOMs biomarkers for cancer provided 100% discrimination between the cancer and control groups. This new test can thus be routinely employed for cancer diagnoses that is non-invasive, fast, cheap, and highly accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Gonçalves Barbosa
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Naiara Zedes Pereira
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lurian Caetano David
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Camilla Gabriela de Oliveira
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus I - Colemar Natal e Silva, 74605-020, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marina Ferraz Gontijo Soares
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus I - Colemar Natal e Silva, 74605-020, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus I - Colemar Natal e Silva, 74605-020, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Elcana de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (LQTC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Engy Shokry
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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Zhuang L, Yan X, Meng Z. Second primary malignancy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based study. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1969-1983. [PMID: 30881122 PMCID: PMC6402443 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A population-based estimate of risk of second primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is still lacking. Objectives To investigate the overall and site-specific risk of SPM in patients with CCA. To identify risk factors of SPM and further evaluate the impact of SPM on overall survival (OS) and disease specific survival (DSS) in patients with CCA. Methods Patients with histologically diagnosed CCA between 1973 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated. Risk factors for SPM and CCA survival were evaluated by logistic, Cox, and nomogram methods. Results We found that the overall risk of SPM in patients with CCA was significantly higher than that in the general population (SIR =1.27, 95% CI =1.03–1.55, P<0.05). The risk of SPM was significantly increased at specific sites, including transverse colon, intrahepatic bile duct, other biliary, and thyroid. A significant increase in overall risk was characterized in the subgroups of patients aged ≤29, patients aged 30–59 years, females, whites, and patients with latency ≤11 months (63.41, 2.45, 1.4, 1.3, and 2.6-fold, respectively). In patients with CCA, not having undergone surgery for the first primary malignancy (vs having undergone surgery for the first primary malignancy; HR =0.269; 95% CI =0.211–0.342; P<0.001) was associated with significantly decreased risk of SPM. Patients with SPM had better OS and DSS than those without SPM (Log rank P<0.001). Absence of SPM was an independent risk factor for poorer OS and DSS. Conclusion Although the risk of SPM in patients with CCA was significantly increased, the presence of SPM did not shorten OS and DSS of patients with CCA, possibly due to the relatively poorer survival of patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhuang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Xia Yan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
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