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Hou Y, Wang H, Wu J, Guo H, Chen X. Dissecting the pleiotropic roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung cancer: From carcinogenesis toward therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1566-1595. [PMID: 38284170 DOI: 10.1002/med.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The specific pulmonary structure to directly connect with ambient air makes it more susceptible to damage from airborne toxins. External oxidative stimuli and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in promoting lung carcinogenesis and development. The biological properties of higher ROS levels in tumor cells than in normal cells make them more sensitive and vulnerable to ROS injury. Therefore, the strategy of targeting ROS has been proposed for cancer therapy for decades. However, it is embarrassing that countless attempts at ROS-based therapies have had very limited success, and no FDA approval in the anticancer list was mechanistically based on ROS manipulation. Even compared with the untargetable proteins, such as transcription factors, ROS are more difficult to be targeted due to their chemical properties. Thus, the pleiotropic roles of ROS provide therapeutic potential for anticancer drug discovery, while a better dissection of the mechanistic action and signaling pathways is a prerequisite for future breakthroughs. This review discusses the critical roles of ROS in cancer carcinogenesis, ROS-inspired signaling pathways, and ROS-based treatment, exemplified by lung cancer. In particular, an eight considerations rule is proposed for ROS-targeting strategies and drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Research and Evaluation of Bioactive Molecules & College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
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Song H, Yao X, Zheng Y, Zhou L. Helicobacter pylori infection induces POU5F1 upregulation and SPP1 activation to promote chemoresistance and T cell inactivation in gastric cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116253. [PMID: 38701869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori or Hp) is associated with an increased susceptibility to gastric diseases, notably gastric cancer (GC). This study investigates the impact of Hp infection on chemoresistance and immune activity in GC cells. Hp infection in AGS and MKN-74 cells promoted proliferation, migration and invasion, apoptosis resistance, and tumorigenic activity of cells under cisplatin (DDP) plus gemcitabine (GEM) treatment. Additionally, it dampened activity of the co-cultured CD8+ T cells. Hp infection increased POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1) level, which further activated secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) transcription to increase its expression. Silencing of either SPP1 or POU5F1 enhanced the GEM sensitivity in GC cells, and it increased the populations of CD8+ T cells and the secretion of immune-active cytokines both in vitro and in xenograft tumors in immunocompetent mice. However, the effects of POU5F1 silencing were counteracted by SPP1 overexpression. Furthermore, the POU5F1/SPP1 axis activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study demonstrates that Hp infection induces POU5F1 upregulation and SPP1 activation, leading to increased DDP/GEM resistance and T cell inactivation in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xinjie Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin 124010, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China.
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Go SI, Yang JW, Lee WJ, Jeong EJ, Park S, Lee GW. Lipocalin-2 as a prognostic biomarker and its association with systemic inflammation in small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38886905 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation is believed to contribute to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) progression, but the underlying relationship remains unclear. Lipocalin-2, a potential biomarker of inflammation, has been implicated in various cancers but its prognostic value in SCLC is underexplored. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 191 patients with SCLC (72 with limited-stage [LD] and 119 with extensive-stage) treated using platinum-based chemotherapy. Lipocalin-2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Optimal cutoff values for lipocalin-2 and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were determined using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The pectoralis muscle index was used to assess sarcopenia. RESULTS In LD-SCLC, high lipocalin-2 expression was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS; median: 7.0 vs. 15.9 months, p = 0.015) and overall survival (OS; median: 12.9 vs. 30.3 months, p = 0.035) compared with low lipocalin-2 expression. Patients were stratified into three prognostic groups by combining lipocalin-2 with NLR: low lipocalin-2/low NLR, high lipocalin-2/low NLR or low lipocalin-2/high NLR, and high lipocalin-2/high NLR (median PFS: 17.3 vs. 11.0 vs. 6.3 months, p = 0.004; median OS: 30.5 vs. 17.3 vs. 8.6 months, p = 0.002). Similar trends were observed when combining lipocalin-2 with the pectoralis muscle index. High lipocalin-2 expression was also associated with lower complete response rates (18.9% vs. 34.3%, p = 0.035). No significant prognostic implications were found for lipocalin-2 in extensive-stage SCLC. CONCLUSIONS High lipocalin-2 expression is potentially associated with poorer survival in LD-SCLC. Combining lipocalin-2 with other inflammation-related markers could improve prognostic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Il Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jung Wook Yang
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jeong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
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Zhou M, Li H, Gao B, Zhao Y. The prognostic impact of pathogenic stromal cell-associated genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Comput Biol Med 2024; 178:108692. [PMID: 38879932 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) stands as the most prevalent subtype among lung cancers. Interactions between stromal and cancer cells influence tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of stromal cells in the lung adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment remain unclear. This study seeks to elucidate the regulatory connections among critical pathogenic genes and their associated expression variations within distinct stromal cell subtypes. METHOD Analysis and investigation were conducted on a total of 114,019 single-cell RNA data and 346 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD-related samples using bioinformatics and statistical algorithms. Differential gene expression analysis was performed for tumor samples and controls, followed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Differential genes between stromal cells and other cell clusters were identified and intersected with the differential genes from TCGA. We employed a combination of LASSO regression and multivariable Cox regression to identify the ultimate set of pathogenic gene. Survival models were trained to predict the relationship between patient survival and these pathogenic genes. Analysis of transcription factor (TF) cell specificity and pseudotime trajectories within stromal cell subpopulations revealed that vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and matrix cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key in regulation of the prognosis-associated genes CAV2, COL1A1, TIMP1, ETS2, AKAP12, ID1 and COL1A2. RESULTS Seven pathogenic genes associated with LUAD in stromal cells were identified and used to develop a survival model. High expression of these genes is linked to a greater risk of poor survival. Stromal cells were categorized into eight subtypes and one unannotated cluster. Mesothelial cells, vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and matrix cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) showed cell-specific regulation of the pathogenic genes. CONCLUSIONS The seven disease-causing genes in vascular ECs and matrix CAFs can be used to detect the survival status of LUAD patients, providing new directions for future targeted drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murong Zhou
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Tufail M, Wan WD, Jiang C, Li N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111055. [PMID: 38763348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the challenge of drug resistance in cancer by focusing on the pivotal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, elucidating its role in oncogenesis and resistance mechanisms across various cancer types. It meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance, including genetic mutations, feedback loops, and microenvironmental factors, while also discussing the associated resistance patterns. Evaluating current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, the article highlights the hurdles encountered in drug development and clinical trials. Innovative approaches to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and precision medicine, are critically analyzed, alongside discussions on emerging therapies like immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. Overall, this comprehensive review not only sheds light on the complexities of resistance in cancer but also provides a roadmap for advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Hu B, Chen S. The role of UBR5 in tumor proliferation and oncotherapy. Gene 2024; 906:148258. [PMID: 38331119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5 (UBR5), as a crucial Ub ligase, plays a pivotal role in the field of cell biology, attracting significant attention for its functions in regulating protein degradation and signaling pathways. This review delves into the fundamental characteristics and structure of UBR5. UBR5, through ubiquitination, regulates various key proteins, directly or indirectly participating in cell cycle control, thereby exerting a direct impact on the proliferation of tumor cells. Meanwhile, we comprehensively review the expression levels of UBR5 in different types of tumors and its relationship with tumor development, providing key clues for the role of UBR5 in cancer. Furthermore, we summarize the current research status of UBR5 in cancer treatment. Through literature review, we find that UBR5 may play a crucial role in the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy chemotherapy, and other anti-tumor treatment, providing new insights for optimizing cancer treatment strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by UBR5 in cancer treatment, and looks forward to the future research directions. With the continuous breakthroughs in technology and in-depth research, we hope to further study the biological functions of UBR5 and lay the foundation for its anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo 315800, China.
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Cheng L, Li X, Dong W, Yang J, Li P, Qiang X, Yin J, Guo L. LAMC2 regulates the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:230. [PMID: 38703300 PMCID: PMC11069487 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor widely distributed globally, exhibiting elevated incidence and fatality rates. The gene LAMC2 encodes the laminin subunit gamma-2 chain and is found specifically in the basement membrane of epithelial cells. Its expression is aberrant in multiple types of malignant tumors. This research elucidated a link between LAMC2 and the clinical characteristics of GC and investigated the potential involvement of LAMC2 in GC proliferation and advancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS LAMC2 expressions were detected in GC cell lines and normal gastric epithelial cell lines via qRT-PCR. Silencing and overexpression of the LAMC2 were conducted by lentiviral transfection. A xenograft mouse model was also developed for in vivo analysis. Cell functional assays were conducted to elucidate the involvement of LAMC2 in cell growth, migration, and penetration. Further, immunoblotting was conducted to investigate the impact of LAMC2 on the activation of signal pathways after lentiviral transfection. RESULTS In the findings, LAMC2 expression was markedly upregulated in GC cell lines as opposed to normal gastric epithelial cells. In vitro analysis showed that sh-LAMC2 substantially inhibited GC cell growth, migration, and invasion, while oe-LAMC2 displayed a contrasting effect. Xenograft tumor models demonstrated that oe-LAMC2 accelerated tumor growth via high expression of Ki-67. Immunoblotting analysis revealed a substantial decrease in various signaling pathway proteins, PI3K, p-Akt, and Vimentin levels upon LAMC2 knockdown, followed by increased E-cadherin expression. Conversely, its overexpression exhibited contrasting effects. Besides, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was accelerated by LAMC2. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence indicating that LAMC2, by stimulating signaling pathways, facilitated EMT and stimulated the progression of GC cells in laboratory settings and mouse models. Research also explored that the abnormal LAMC2 expression acts as a biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Pengmei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xihui Qiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Jiajun Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Lianyi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
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Xu Z, Wu S, Tu J, Wang M, Liang W, Cheng J, Guan J, Xu J. RACGAP1 promotes lung cancer cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8694. [PMID: 38622149 PMCID: PMC11018837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58539-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the expression and clinic significance of Rac GTPase Activating Protein 1 (RACGAP1) in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Online database analysis revealed a significant increase in RACGAP1 mRNA expression among 26 types of tumor tissues, including LUAD tissues. Online database and tissue microarray analyses indicated that RACGAP1 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues. Genetic variation analysis identified four different genetic variations of RACGAPs in LUAD. Moreover, online database analysis showed that RACGAP1 upregulation was correlated with shorter survival in patients with LUAD. After silencing RACGAP1 expression in A549 cells using siRNA and assessing its protein levels via Western blotting, we found that RACGAP1 knockdown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Mechanistically, western blot analysis indicated that Bax expression increased, whereas Bcl-2 expression decreased. Moreover, RACGAP1 knockdown attenuated PI3K/AKT pathway activation in lung cancer cells. Taken together, our findings showed that RACGAP1 was overexpressed in LUAD tissues and played an important role in lung cancer by increasing cell growth through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study suggests recommends evaluating RACGAP1 in clinical settings as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Shaohang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Jiahua Tu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Weicheng Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Jiangdong Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China.
| | - Jianxin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University Putian, Fujian, 351100, China.
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Park S, Hong TH, Hwang S, Heeke S, Gay CM, Kim J, Jung HA, Sun JM, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Cho JH, Choi YS, Kim J, Shim YM, Kim HK, Byers LA, Heymach JV, Choi YL, Lee SH, Park K. Comprehensive analysis of transcription factor-based molecular subtypes and their correlation to clinical outcomes in small-cell lung cancer. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105062. [PMID: 38492534 PMCID: PMC10959651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported the predictive and prognostic value of novel transcriptional factor-based molecular subtypes in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). We conducted an in-depth analysis pairing multi-omics data with immunohistochemistry (IHC) to elucidate the underlying characteristics associated with differences in clinical outcomes between subtypes. METHODS IHC (n = 252), target exome sequencing (n = 422), and whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS, n = 189) data generated from 427 patients (86.4% males, 13.6% females) with SCLC were comprehensively analysed. The differences in the mutation profile, gene expression profile, and inflammed signatures were analysed according to the IHC-based molecular subtype. FINDINGS IHC-based molecular subtyping, comprised of 90 limited-disease (35.7%) and 162 extensive-disease (64.3%), revealed a high incidence of ASCL1 subtype (IHC-A, 56.3%) followed by ASCL1/NEUROD1 co-expressed (IHC-AN, 17.9%), NEUROD1 (IHC-N, 12.3%), POU2F3 (IHC-P, 9.1%), triple-negative (IHC-TN, 4.4%) subtypes. IHC-based subtype showing high concordance with WTS-based subtyping and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clusterization method. IHC-AN subtype resembled IHC-A (rather than IHC-N) in terms of both gene expression profiles and clinical outcomes. Favourable median overall survival was observed in IHC-A (15.2 months) compared to IHC-N (8.0 months, adjusted HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.9, p = 0.002) and IHC-P (8.3 months, adjusted HR 1.7, 95% CI 0.9-3.2, p = 0.076). Inflamed tumours made up 25% of cases (including 53% of IHC-P, 26% of IHC-A, 17% of IHC-AN, but only 11% of IHC-N). Consistent with recent findings, inflamed tumours were more likely to benefit from first-line immunotherapy treatment than non-inflamed phenotype (p = 0.002). INTERPRETATION This study provides fundamental data, including the incidence and basic demographics of molecular subtypes of SCLC using both IHC and WTS from a comparably large, real-world Asian/non-Western patient cohort, showing high concordance with the previous NMF-based SCLC model. In addition, we revealed underlying biological pathway activities, immunogenicity, and treatment outcomes based on molecular subtype, possibly related to the difference in clinical outcomes, including immunotherapy response. FUNDING This work was supported by AstraZeneca, Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center [grant number SMX1240011], the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) [grant number 2020R1C1C1010626] and the 7th AstraZeneca-KHIDI (Korea Health Industry Development Institute) oncology research program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhingook Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kwan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keunchil Park
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Lu Y, Li H, Zhao P, Tian L, Liu Y, Sun X, Cheng Y. Dynamic phenotypic reprogramming and chemoresistance induced by lung fibroblasts in small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2884. [PMID: 38311608 PMCID: PMC10838940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is heterogenous in phenotype and microenvironment. Dynamic phenotypic reprogramming, leading to heterogeneity, is prevalent in SCLC, while the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) possess comprehensive roles in cancer progression, while their function in phenotypic reprogramming of SCLC remain elusive. Here, we obtained transcriptome data of SCLC tissues from publicly available databases, subsequently estimated abundance of CAFs. We found CAF-abundant SCLC exhibited non-neuroendocrine (Non-NE) characteristics. Supporting this, the positive correlation of expression level of α-SMA, the CAF marker, and expression level of REST, protein typically expressed in Non-NE type SCLC, was identified in SCLC tissue arrays. Moreover, we revealed that fibroblasts inhibited NE markers expression and cell proliferation of SCLC cells in the co-culture system comprising lung fibroblasts and SCLC cells, indicating a phenotypic reprogramming from NE to Non-NE. During this process, fibroblast-derived IL-6 activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling, upregulated c-MYC expression, and subsequently activated the NOTCH pathway, driving phenotypic reprogramming. Moreover, CAF-enriched SCLC exhibited increased immune cell infiltration, elevated expression of immune activation-related signatures, and checkpoint molecules. Our data also highlighted the chemoresistance induced by fibroblasts in SCLC cells, which was effectively reversed by JAK inhibitor. In conclusion, fibroblasts induced phenotypic reprogramming of SCLC cells from NE to Non-NE, likely contributes to inflamed immune microenvironment and chemoresistance. These findings provide novel insights into the clinical implications of CAFs in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Lu
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Zhao
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - XiaoDan Sun
- Department of 1st Gynecologic Oncology Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Medical Oncology Translational Research Lab, Jilin Cancer Hospital, No. 1066, Jinhu Road, High-tech District, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China.
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China.
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11
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Sun M, Zhao M, Li R, Zhang Y, Shi X, Ding C, Ma C, Lu J, Yue X. SHMT2 promotes papillary thyroid cancer metastasis through epigenetic activation of AKT signaling. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:87. [PMID: 38272883 PMCID: PMC10811326 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells alter their metabolism and epigenetics to support cancer progression. However, very few modulators connecting metabolism and epigenetics have been uncovered. Here, we reveal that serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) generates S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to epigenetically repress phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), leading to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) metastasis depending on activation of AKT signaling. SHMT2 is elevated in PTC, and is associated with poor prognosis. Overexpressed SHMT2 promotes PTC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic enrichment analysis shows that AKT signaling is activated, and is positively associated with SHMT2 in PTC specimens. Blocking AKT activation eliminates the effects of SHMT2 on promoting PTC metastasis. Furthermore, SHMT2 expression is negatively associated with PTEN, a negative AKT regulator, in PTC specimens. Mechanistically, SHMT2 catalyzes serine metabolism and produces activated one-carbon units that can generate SAM for the methylation of CpG islands in PTEN promoter for PTEN suppression and following AKT activation. Importantly, interference with PTEN expression affects SHMT2 function by promoting AKT signaling activation and PTC metastasis. Collectively, our research demonstrates that SHMT2 connects metabolic reprogramming and epigenetics, contributing to the poor progression of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingjian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ruowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaojia Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Changyuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jinghui Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Xuetian Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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12
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Attia HG, El-Morshedy SM, Nagy AM, Ibrahim AM, Aleraky M, Abdelrahman SS, Osman SM, Alasmari SM, El Raey MA, Abdelhameed MF. Citrus clementine Peel Essential Oil Ameliorates Potassium Dichromate-Induced Lung Injury: Insights into the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Metabolites 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38276303 PMCID: PMC10818323 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that has been identified as a potential complication of COVID-19. There is a critical need to shed light on the underlying mechanistic pathways and explore novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of Citrus clementine essential oil (CCEO) in treating potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced ALI. The chemical profile of CCEO was created through GC-MS analysis. An in vivo study in rats was conducted to evaluate the effect of CCEO administrated via two different delivery systems (oral/inhalation) in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intranasal instillation of PDC. Eight volatile compounds were identified, with monoterpene hydrocarbons accounting for 97.03% of the identified constituents, including 88.84% of D-limonene. CCEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These significant antioxidant properties were revealed through the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, inflammation reduction was observed by decreasing levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and tumor growth factor-β (TNF-α and TGF-β), along with an increase in phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt overexpression in lung tissue homogenate, in both oral and inhalation routes, compared to the PDC-induced group. These results were supported by histopathological studies and immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-β levels in lung tissues. These findings revealed that CCEO plays an integral role in relieving ALI induced by intranasal PDC and suggests it as a promising remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 1988, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzan M. El-Morshedy
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Nagy
- Department of Animal Reproduction & AI, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ammar M. Ibrahim
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Aleraky
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta 11651, Egypt;
| | - Sahar S. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Samir M. Osman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Oct. 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt;
| | - Saeed M. Alasmari
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.I.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, Pharmaceutical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Abdelhameed
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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13
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Lu Y, He W, Huang X, Xiao X. Pulsatilla saponin D regulates ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (RAC3) to overcome resistance to paclitaxel in lung adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38200409 PMCID: PMC10777557 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel, a tubulin-binding agent, is a Food and Drug Administration-approved first-line drug for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for both squamous and non-squamous cell lung carcinoma, with paclitaxel/carboplatin + bevacizumab a common chemotherapy regimen for stage IV non-squamous NSCLC; however, primary or acquired resistance to paclitaxel is gradually increasing, leading to treatment failure. METHODS Our results show that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (RAC3) is overexpressed in cultured paclitaxel-resistant cells and that RAC3 expression levels are negatively correlated with sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to paclitaxel. Pulsatilla saponin D could inhibit RAC3 expression, and we hypothesize that it may block paclitaxel resistance. Further, we found that treatment with paclitaxel combined with Pulsatilla saponin D, can overcome lung adenocarcinoma cell resistance to paclitaxel alone in cell culture and mouse xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lu
- Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Spine Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wubin He
- Key Laboratory of Surgery of Liaoning Province of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and New Drug Development of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuyang Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
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14
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Gutiérrez M, Zamora I, Freeman MR, Encío IJ, Rotinen M. Actionable Driver Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:105. [PMID: 38203275 PMCID: PMC10778712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) stands out as the most aggressive form of lung cancer, characterized by an extremely high proliferation rate and a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate that falls below 7%. Approximately two-thirds of patients receive their diagnosis when the disease has already reached a metastatic or extensive stage, leaving chemotherapy as the remaining first-line treatment option. Other than the recent advances in immunotherapy, which have shown moderate results, SCLC patients cannot yet benefit from any approved targeted therapy, meaning that this cancer remains treated as a uniform entity, disregarding intra- or inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Continuous efforts and technological improvements have enabled the identification of new potential targets that could be used to implement novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the most recent approaches for SCLC treatment, providing an extensive compilation of the targeted therapies that are currently under clinical evaluation and inhibitor molecules with promising results in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Gutiérrez
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.); (I.Z.)
| | - Irene Zamora
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.); (I.Z.)
| | - Michael R. Freeman
- Departments of Urology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ignacio J. Encío
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.); (I.Z.)
- IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirja Rotinen
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.); (I.Z.)
- IdiSNA, Navarre Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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15
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Ran L, Mou X, Peng Z, Li X, Li M, Xu D, Yang Z, Sun X, Yin T. ADORA2A promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis through PI3K/AKT pathway activation in colorectal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19477. [PMID: 37945707 PMCID: PMC10636200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The third most often diagnosed disease globally and the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related death is colorectal cancer (CRC). Numerous human malignancies have been identified to have high expression of ADORA2A. However, it is still ambiguous about its function in CRC. RNA-seq with stable transfected SETDB1 knockdown cells was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Further, knockdown of ADORA2A in CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116 was performed with siRNA and over expression of ADORA2A in SW480 cells was conducted with plasmids. CCK8, colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assay were used to detect the effects of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion after knockdown and over expression of ADORA2A. Also, apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, apoptosis-related proteins and key PI3K/AKT pathway proteins were detected using Western blotting. ADORA2A was identified after RNA-seq analysis and played an important role in CRC prognosis. ADORA2A was relatively high in SW620 and HCT116 cell lines compared to SW480 cell lines. ADORA2A knockdown in SW620 and HCT116 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while ADORA2A overexpression had the opposite effect. In addition, ADORA2A also impacted the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved caspase-9, and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, this process may include the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. ADORA2A promotes CRC progression and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. It may contribute to the management and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Ran
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Mou
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Peng
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meirong Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
| | - Duo Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixi Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingwang Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No.25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Pathology Diagnosis for Serious Diseases, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Almalki WH. Beyond the genome: lncRNAs as regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154852. [PMID: 37837857 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prevalent and devastating disease, representing a significant global health burden. Despite advancements in therapeutic strategies, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Lung cancer typically displays the deregulated activity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, which is vital for cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) can modulate the PI3K/AKT pathway, offering new insights into lung cancer biology and potential therapeutic opportunities. These lncRNA act as either oncogenes, promoting pathway activation, or tumour suppressors, attenuating pathway signalling. The dysregulation of lncRNA is associated with various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle control, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis, ultimately influencing lung cancer growth and metastasis. The development of novel therapeutic strategies, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, holds promise for restoring lncRNAs dysregulation and re-establishing the equilibrium of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The emerging role of lncRNAs as regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway sheds new light on the complex molecular landscape of lung cancer. Understanding the interplay between lncRNA and the PI3K/AKT pathway could lead to the identification of novel biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic targets for precision medicine. The potential of lncRNAs-based therapeutics may pave the way for more effective and personalized treatment approaches in lung cancer and potentially other malignancies with dysregulated PI3K/AKT signalling. This review aims to explore the emerging role of lncRNAs as key regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Han X, Yang L, Tian H, Ji Y. Machine learning developed a PI3K/Akt pathway-related signature for predicting prognosis and drug sensitivity in ovarian cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11162-11183. [PMID: 37851341 PMCID: PMC10637788 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies among females, generally having a poor prognosis. The PI3K/Akt pathway plays a vital role in the oncogenesis and progression of many types of cancer. Limited studies have fully clarified the role of PI3K/Akt pathway in the prognosis of ovarian cancer and its correlation with drug sensitivity. METHODS A prognostic PI3K/Akt pathway related signature (PRS) was constructed with 10 machine learning algorithms using TCGA, GSE14764, GSE26193, GSE26712, GSE63885 and GSE140082 datasets. Gaussian mixture and logistic regression were performed to identify the optimal models for classifying lymphatic and venous invasion. RESULTS The optimal prognostic PRS developed by Lasso + survivalSVM algorithm acted as an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS) of ovarian cancer patients and had a good performance in evaluating OS rate of ovarian cancer patients. Significant correlation was obtained between PRS-based risk score and Immune score, ESTIMATE score, immune cells and cancer-related hallmarks. Low risk score indicated a lower immune escape score, TIDE score, and higher PD1&CTLA4 immunophenoscore in ovarian cancer. Moreover, PRS-based risk score acted as an indicator for drug sensitivity in the immunotherapy and chemotherapy of ovarian cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS All in all, our study developed a prognostic PRS showing powerful and good performance in predicting clinical outcome of ovarian cancer patients. PRS could serve as an indicator for drug sensitivity in the chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Han
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
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18
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Deng H, Chen Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Hang Q, Li P, Zhang P, Ji J, Song H, Chen M, Jin Y. PI3K/mTOR inhibitors promote G6PD autophagic degradation and exacerbate oxidative stress damage to radiosensitize small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:652. [PMID: 37802999 PMCID: PMC10558571 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was associated with SCLC radioresistance. SBC2 cells were used as primary radioresistance models, while H446 cells were continuously exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) to develop acquired radioresistance. Cell viability and apoptosis assays were used to investigate synergistic effects of BEZ235/GSK2126458 and IR in vitro, while immunoblotting, metabolite quantitative analysis and bioinformatic analyses were utilized to explore the underlying mechanism. Both genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) and subcutaneous tumor models were used to confirm the synergistic effect in vivo. Key molecules of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling were upregulated after IR, which was correlated with primary radioresistance, and they were more expressed in acquired radioresistant cells. BEZ235/GSK2126458 effectively enhanced the cytotoxic effects of IR. BEZ235/GSK2126458 plus IR elevated γ-H2AX and p-Nrf2 expression, suggesting DNA and oxidative stress damage were intensified. Mechanistically, BEZ235/GSK2126458 plus IR significantly reduced the expression of G6PD protein, the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In detail, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors reinforced interaction between G6PD and HSPA8/HSC70, and G6PD was degraded by chaperone-mediated autophagy processes. Their metabolites (NADPH and R-5P) were decreased, and ROS levels were indirectly elevated, both of which exacerbated cell death. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling activator, insulin, enhanced SCLC radioresistance, while the synergistic effect of BEZ235/GSK2126458 and IR can be attenuated by N-acetylcysteine, and enhanced by 6-amino niacinamide. GEMM and allograft transplantation assays further confirmed their synergistic effect in vivo. This study provided insights into the connection between PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and the PPP underlying radioresistance and provided evidence of mechanisms supporting PI3K/mTOR inhibitors as possible therapeutic strategies to abrogate SCLC radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yibi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 331800, China
| | - Qingqing Hang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Peijing Li
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Hai Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
- United Laboratory of Frontier Radiotherapy Technology of Sun Yat-sen University & Chinese Academy of Sciences Ion Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Jin
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
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19
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Aleksandrova Y, Neganova M. Deciphering the Mysterious Relationship between the Cross-Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative and Oncological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14766. [PMID: 37834214 PMCID: PMC10573395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oncological pathologies and neurodegenerative disorders is extremely complex and is a topic of concern among a growing number of researchers around the world. In recent years, convincing scientific evidence has accumulated that indicates the contribution of a number of etiological factors and pathophysiological processes to the pathogenesis of these two fundamentally different diseases, thus demonstrating an intriguing relationship between oncology and neurodegeneration. In this review, we establish the general links between three intersecting aspects of oncological pathologies and neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., oxidative stress, epigenetic dysregulation, and metabolic dysfunction, examining each process in detail to establish an unusual epidemiological relationship. We also focus on reviewing the current trends in the research and the clinical application of the most promising chemical structures and therapeutic platforms that have a modulating effect on the above processes. Thus, our comprehensive analysis of the set of molecular determinants that have obvious cross-functional pathways in the pathogenesis of oncological and neurodegenerative diseases can help in the creation of advanced diagnostic tools and in the development of innovative pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Margarita Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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20
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Liu Y. Identification and comprehensive analysis of super-enhancer related genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291088. [PMID: 37669296 PMCID: PMC10479904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is a disease with a high mortality rate, and its mechanism is still unclear. Super-enhancers play an important role in gene expression and also affect the occurrence and development of lung adenocarcinoma, so more and more people pay attention to them. In order to explore the influence of super-enhancer related genes on tumor development, we identified super-enhancer regulated genes related to Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). By analyzing the single-cell sequencing data and the TCGA database of lung adenocarcinoma, we suggest that the up-regulation of TMSB10 in lung adenocarcinoma and its association with poor prognosis may be due to the regulation of super-enhancers during tumor cell metastasis. Using the TCGA lung adenocarcinoma data set, the samples were divided into TMSB10 high-expression group and low-expression group, and it was found that there were significant differences in immune infiltration between the high-expression group and the low-expression group. We parted 513 samples into eight TMSB10-related molecular subtypes using differentially expressed genes of high and low TMSB10 expression groups. We concentrated on four molecular subtypes with the most significant clusters, each with its own characteristics in terms of Immune cell infiltration, prognosis, or pathological stages. In order to predict the four molecular subtypes, we established a prediction model using random forest, and the external test results showed that the prediction accuracy of the model was 0.87. This study may provide potential help for the study of the mechanism of metastasis and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells and personalized treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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21
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Jin Y, Zhang Y, Huang A, Chen Y, Wang J, Liu N, Wang X, Gong Y, Wang W, Pan J. Overexpression of SERPINA3 suppresses tumor progression by modulating SPOP/NF‑κB in lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2023; 63:96. [PMID: 37417362 PMCID: PMC10552721 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis mechanism of lung cancer is very complex, with high incidence and mortality. Serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3) expression levels were reduced in the sera of patients with lung cancer and may be a candidate diagnostic and prognostic survival biomarker in lung cancer, as previously reported. However, the detailed biological functions of SERPINA3 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remain unknown. In the present study, it was aimed to explore the effects of SERPINA3 on the occurrence of lung cancer. SERPINA3 expression was assessed using bioinformatics database analysis and experimental detection. Then, the biological effects of SERPINA3 were investigated in a cell culture system and a xenograft model of human lung cancer. The potential regulatory mechanism of SERPINA3 in lung cancer was explored by data‑independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‑MS) detection and further validated by western blotting (WB). The results indicated that SERPINA3 expression levels were significantly downregulated in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. At the cellular level, it was revealed that overexpressed SERPINA3 inhibited cell growth, proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Moreover, overexpressed SERPINA3 enhanced the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to osimertinib. In vivo, a xenograft model of human lung cancer was established with BALB/c nude mice. After the injection of A549 cells, the tumor growth of the tumor‑bearing mice in the SERPINA3‑overexpressing group increased more slowly, and the tumor volume was smaller than that in the empty‑vector group. Mechanistically, a total of 65 differentially expressed proteins were identified. It was found that the speckle‑type POZ protein (SPOP) was significantly upregulated in SERPINA3‑overexpressing H157 cells using DIA‑MS detection and analysis. WB validation showed that SPOP expression increased, and NF‑kappaB (NF‑κB) p65 was inhibited in cell lines and tumor tissues of mice when SERPINA3 was overexpressed. The present findings suggest that SERPINA3 is involved in the development of lung cancer and has an antineoplastic role in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
| | - Ankang Huang
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
| | - Na Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
| | - Xianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
| | - Jicheng Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002
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22
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Kim J, Kim S, Park SY, Lee GK, Lim KY, Kim JY, Hwang JA, Yu N, Kang EH, Hwang M, Song BR, Park C, Han JY. Molecular Subtypes and Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics of Small-Cell Lung Cancer Associated with Platinum-Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3568. [PMID: 37509231 PMCID: PMC10377352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although molecular subtypes of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have been proposed, their clinical relevance and therapeutic implications are not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to refine molecular subtypes and to uncover therapeutic targets. We classified the subtypes based on gene expression (n = 81) and validated them in our samples (n = 87). Non-SCLC samples were compared with SCLC subtypes to identify the early development stage of SCLC. Single-cell transcriptome analysis was applied to dissect the TME of bulk samples. Finally, to overcome platinum resistance, we performed drug screening of patient-derived cells and cell lines. Four subtypes were identified: the ASCL1+ (SCLC-A) subtype identified as TP53/RB-mutated non-SCLC representing the early development stage of SCLC; the immune activation (SCLC-I) subtype, showing high CD8+/PD-L1+ T-cell infiltration and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT); the NEUROD1 (SCLC-N) subtype, which showed neurotransmission process; and the POU2F3+ (SCLC-P) subtype with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EndMT was associated with the worst prognosis. While SCLC-A/N exhibited platinum sensitivity, the EndMT signal of SCLC-I conferred platinum resistance. A BET inhibitor suppressed the aggressive angiogenesis phenotype of SCLC-I. We revealed that EndMT development contributed to a poor outcome in SCLC-I. Moreover, heterogenous TME development facilitated platinum resistance. BET inhibitors are novel candidates for overcoming platinum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunshin Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog-Yun Park
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kook Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Young Lim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Hwang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Yu
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihwa Hwang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Charny Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 232 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si 10408, Kyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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23
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Liu Z, Yan W, Liu S, Liu Z, Xu P, Fang W. Regulatory network and targeted interventions for CCDC family in tumor pathogenesis. Cancer Lett 2023; 565:216225. [PMID: 37182638 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CCDC (coiled-coil domain-containing) is a coiled helix domain that exists in natural proteins. There are about 180 CCDC family genes, encoding proteins that are involved in intercellular transmembrane signal transduction and genetic signal transcription, among other functions. Alterations in expression, mutation, and DNA promoter methylation of CCDC family genes have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including primary ciliary dyskinesia, infertility, and tumors. In recent studies, CCDC family genes have been found to be involved in regulation of growth, invasion, metastasis, chemosensitivity, and other biological behaviors of malignant tumor cells in various cancer types, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and thyroid cancer. In this review, we summarize the involvement of CCDC family genes in tumor pathogenesis and the relevant upstream and downstream molecular mechanisms. In addition, we summarize the potential of CCDC family genes as tumor therapy targets. The findings discussed here help us to further understand the role and the therapeutic applications of CCDC family genes in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, 337000, China
| | - Zhan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital (People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410002, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China; Respiratory Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518034, China.
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Li M, Liu Z, Hou Z, Wang X, Shi H, Li Y, Xiao X, Tang Z, Yang J, Luo Y, Zhang M, Chen M. Oncogenic zinc finger protein ZNF687 accelerates lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and tumor progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:1223-1238. [PMID: 36944484 PMCID: PMC10175037 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc finger protein 687 (ZNF687) has previously been discovered as a potential oncogene in individuals with giant cell tumors of the bone, acute myeloid leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its role and mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. METHODS In LUAD cells, tumor, and matched adjacent tissue specimens, quantitative real-time RT- polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting analyses, and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) were conducted. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, clonogenicity analysis, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were utilized to detect ZNF687 overexpression and knockdown impacts on cell growth, colony formation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. Bioinformatic studies, qRT-PCR and western blotting studies were employed to validate the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways implicated in the oncogenic effect of ZNF687. RESULTS This study demonstrated that ZNF687 expression was elevated in LUAD cells and tissues. Individuals with upregulated ZNF687 had a poorer prognosis than those with downregulatedZNF687 (p < 0.001). ZNF687 overexpression enhanced LUAD growth, migration, invasion and colony formation, and the cell cycle G1-S transition; additionally, it promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, knocking down ZNF687 showed to have the opposite impact. Moreover, these effects were associated with the activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling mechanism. CONCLUSION ZNF687 was upregulated in LUAD, and high ZNF687 expression levels are associated with poor prognoses. The activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by upregulated ZNF687 increased the proliferation of LUAD cells and tumor progression. ZNF687 may be a beneficial predictive marker and a therapeutic target in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zan Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huaqiu Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yamei Li
- The Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianqiong Yang
- The Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yaoling Luo
- The Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- The Clinical Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Ricordel C, Chaillot L, Vlachavas EI, Logotheti M, Jouannic A, Desvallees T, Lecuyer G, Aubry M, Kontogianni G, Mastrokalou C, Jouan F, Jarry U, Corre R, Le Guen Y, Guillaudeux T, Lena H, Chatziioannou A, Pedeux R. Genomic characteristics and clinical significance of CD56+ circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3626. [PMID: 36869231 PMCID: PMC9984363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been studied in various solid tumors but clinical utility of CTC in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear. The aim of the CTC-CPC study was to develop an EpCAM-independent CTC isolation method allowing isolation of a broader range of living CTC from SCLC and decipher their genomic and biological characteristics. CTC-CPC is a monocentric prospective non-interventional study including treatment-naïve newly diagnosed SCLC. CD56+ CTC were isolated from whole blood samples, at diagnosis and relapse after first-line treatment and submitted to whole-exome-sequencing (WES). Phenotypic study confirms tumor lineage and tumorigenic properties of isolated cells for the 4 patients analyzed with WES. WES of CD56+ CTC and matched tumor biopsy reveal genomic alteration frequently impaired in SCLC. At diagnosis CD56+ CTC were characterized by a high mutation load, a distinct mutational profile and a unique genomic signature, compared to match tumors biopsies. In addition to classical pathways altered in SCLC, we found new biological processes specifically affected in CD56+ CTC at diagnosis. High numeration of CD56+ CTC (> 7/ml) at diagnosis was associated with ES-SCLC. Comparing CD56+ CTC isolated at diagnosis and relapse, we identify differentially altered oncogenic pathways (e.g. DLL3 or MAPK pathway). We report a versatile method of CD56+ CTC detection in SCLC. Numeration of CD56+ CTC at diagnosis is correlated with disease extension. Isolated CD56+ CTC are tumorigenic and show a distinct mutational profile. We report a minimal gene set as a unique signature of CD56+ CTC and identify new affected biological pathways enriched in EpCAM-independent isolated CTC in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ricordel
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France.
| | - L Chaillot
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - E I Vlachavas
- e-NIOS PC, Kallithea-Athens, Greece
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis (B050), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A Jouannic
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - T Desvallees
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US_S 018, Oncotrial, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Biotrial Pharmacology, Rennes, France
| | - G Lecuyer
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - M Aubry
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - G Kontogianni
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | | | - F Jouan
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - U Jarry
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US_S 018, Oncotrial, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
- Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Biotrial Pharmacology, Rennes, France
| | - R Corre
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Y Le Guen
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - T Guillaudeux
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US_S 018, Oncotrial, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - H Lena
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Rennes, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - A Chatziioannou
- e-NIOS PC, Kallithea-Athens, Greece
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signaling), UMR_S 1242, CLCC Eugene Marquis, Univ Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.
- CNRS, INSERM, BIOSIT UAR 3480, US_S 018, Oncotrial, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, INSERM U1242-OSS, Université Rennes 1, Rue Bataille Flandres Dunkerque, 35042, Rennes, France.
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TIM-4 orchestrates mitochondrial homeostasis to promote lung cancer progression via ANXA2/PI3K/AKT/OPA1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 36806050 PMCID: PMC9941510 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function and homeostasis are critical to the proliferation of lung cancer cells. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (TIM-4) promotes the development and progression of lung cancer. However, the role of TIM-4 in mitochondria homeostasis in tumor cells remains completely unknown. In this study, we found that TIM-4 promoted growth and proliferation of lung cancer cells by the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Consistently, inhibition of OXPHOS reversed TIM-4-induced proliferation of lung cancer cells. Notably, TIM-4 promoted mitochondrial fusion via enhancing L-OPA1 protein expression. Mechanistically, TIM-4 regulated protein of L-OPA1 through the PI3K/AKT pathway, and TIM-4 interacted with ANXA2 to promote the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Collectively, TIM-4 promotes oxidative phosphorylation of lung cancer cells to accelerate tumor progress via ANXA2/PI3K/AKT/OPA1 axis, which sheds significant new lights on the potential role of TIM-4 in regulating tumor cell metabolism.
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27
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Zhang J, Zhou N, Deng H, Chen X, Chen Q, Wang Q, Sun L, Wen Y, Cao X, Luo Z, Zhang J, Zhu W, Guo L. Prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA using target next-generation sequencing in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 178:11-19. [PMID: 36758321 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Liquid biopsies provide a convenient and non-invasive detection method for monitoring disease progression in patients with SCLC. METHODS We performed next-generation sequencing of 159 plasma samples from 69 patients with extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC. Circulating tumor (ct)DNA levels were quantified in haploid genome equivalents per mL (hGE/mL). MuTect2 was used to detect single nucleotide variants and short insertions/deletions. The "enrichKEGG" function in the "clusterProfiler" R package was used to enrich the mutated genes that only appeared during disease progression. RESULTS In our cohort, 66 of 69 (95.7%) plasma samples at the time of diagnosis had detectable somatic mutations; TP53 (89%) and RB1(56%) were the most frequent mutations, as well as copy number variations in some common SCLC-related genes such as RB1. Combination ctDNA and tissue testing improved the overall detection rate of actionable mutations from 19.4% to 26.9% compared with that of tissue detection alone. In addition, ctDNA levels changed dynamically during the course of treatment and were significantly associated with decreased progression-free survival. Notably, actionable mutations were detected at the time of diagnosis and during disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a dynamic somatic mutation profile through continuous ctDNA detection and confirmed that ctDNA levels can reflect tumor burden and predict PFS in patients with extensive stage-SCLC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that plasma ctDNA assays can provide real-time information on somatic mutations for potential targeted therapies for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexia Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huojin Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunqing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongyao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Deng H, Chen Y, Li P, Hang Q, Zhang P, Jin Y, Chen M. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, hypoxia, and glucose metabolism: Potential targets to overcome radioresistance in small cell lung cancer. CANCER PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY 2023; 1:56-66. [PMID: 38328610 PMCID: PMC10846321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpt.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive tumor type for which limited therapeutic progress has been made. Platinum-based chemotherapy with or without thoracic radiotherapy remains the backbone of treatment, but most patients with SCLC acquire therapeutic resistance. Given the need for more effective therapies, better elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of SCLC is imperative. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently activated in SCLC and strongly associated with resistance to ionizing radiation in many solid tumors. This pathway is an important regulator of cancer cell glucose metabolism, and its activation probably effects radioresistance by influencing bioenergetic processes in SCLC. Glucose metabolism has three main branches-aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose phosphate pathway-involved in radioresistance. The interaction between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and glucose metabolism is largely mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway also influences glucose metabolism through other mechanisms to participate in radioresistance, including inhibiting the ubiquitination of rate-limiting enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway. This review summarizes our understanding of links among the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, hypoxia, and glucose metabolism in SCLC radioresistance and highlights promising research directions to promote cancer cell death and improve the clinical outcome of patients with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yamei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Peijing Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Qingqing Hang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:19-30. [PMID: 36790693 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Radiation is widely used for the treatment of lung cancer. However, radioresistance and toxicity limit its effectiveness. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) is a positive monomer extracted from ginseng and has been shown to the anti-cancer ability on many tumors. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether Rg3 is able to enhance the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. The effect of Rg3 on cell proliferation was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and radiosensitivity was measured by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assay were used to determine apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastasis. Western blot was used to detect the main protein levels of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. We found that Rg3 inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in radio-induced lung cancer cells. In addition, Rg3 increased the proportion of G2/M phase cells and inhibited the formation of cell colonies. Moreover, Rg3 decreased the expression levels of PI3K, p-AKT, and PDK1 in radio-induced cells. These findings indicate that Rg3 may be able to enhance the radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Rg3 as a radiosensitizer for lung cancer.
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Hung MC, Wang WP, Chi YH. AKT phosphorylation as a predictive biomarker for PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition-induced proteolytic cleavage of mTOR companion proteins in small cell lung cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:122. [PMID: 35918763 PMCID: PMC9344631 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Constitutive activation of PI3K signaling has been well recognized in a subset of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the cancer type which has the most aggressive clinical course amongst pulmonary tumors. Whereas cancers that acquire a mutation/copy gain in PIK3CA or loss of PTEN have been implicated in enhanced sensitivity to inhibitors targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the complexities of the pathway and corresponding feedback loops hamper clear predictions as to the response of tumors presenting these genomic features. Methods The correlation between the expression profile of proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and cell viability in response to treatment with small molecule inhibitors targeting isoform-specific PI3Ks, AKT, and mTOR was assessed in 13 SCLC cancer cell lines. Athymic nude mice were used to determine the effect of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition on the growth of xenograft SCLC tumors in vivo. The activation of caspase signaling and proteolytic cleavages of mTOR companion proteins were assessed using recombinant caspases assays and Western blot analyses. Results Our results indicate that the sensitivity of these SCLC cell lines to GSK2126458, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, is positively correlated with the expression levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) at Thr308 and Ser473. Inhibition of pan-class I PI3Ks or PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition was shown to induce proteolytic cleavage of RICTOR and RPTOR, which were respectively dependent on Caspase-6 and Caspase-3. A combination of a clinically approved PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and an mTORC1 inhibitor was shown to have synergistic effects in inducing the death of SCLC cells with high p-AKT. We observed no clear correlation between PTEN levels and the survival of SCLCs in response to PI3K/mTOR dual inhibition; however, PTEN depletion was shown to increase the susceptibility of low p-AKT SCLC cells to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor-induced cell death as well as the proteolytic cleavage of RICTOR. Conclusions These results suggest the level of p-AKT can be a companion diagnostic biomarker for the treatment of SCLC involving the combinational use of clinically approved isoform-specific PI3K and mTOR inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00862-y.
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Ling B, Zhang Z, Xiang Z, Cai Y, Zhang X, Wu J. Advances in the application of proteomics in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:993781. [PMID: 36237335 PMCID: PMC9552298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence and mortality of lung cancer have decreased significantly in the past decade, it is still one of the leading causes of death, which greatly impairs people’s life and health. Proteomics is an emerging technology that involves the application of techniques for identifying and quantifying the overall proteins in cells, tissues and organisms, and can be combined with genomics, transcriptomics to form a multi-omics research model. By comparing the content of proteins between normal and tumor tissues, proteomics can be applied to different clinical aspects like diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, especially the exploration of disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The applications of proteomics have promoted the research on lung cancer. To figure out potential applications of proteomics associated with lung cancer, we summarized the role of proteomics in studies about tumorigenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and resistance of lung cancer in this review, which will provide guidance for more rational application of proteomics and potential therapeutic strategies of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Nanjing Medical University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Cai
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wu,
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Prognostic Value of GPNMB, EGFR, p-PI3K, and Ki-67 in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:9303081. [PMID: 36090016 PMCID: PMC9452951 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9303081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. GPNMB is a newly discovered tumour-promoting factor that may promote tumour cell progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway by EGFR. However, there are insufficient studies about GPNMB in ESCC. This study investigated the relationship between GPNMB and EGFR/PI3K pathway genes in ESCC. Methods. The expression levels of GPNMB, EGFR, p-PI3K, and Ki-67 were examined using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 22.0 and R. Results. GPNMB mRNA expression is higher in ESCC compared with paracancerous tissues. The expression of EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, and AKT1 was increased in GPNMB upregulated samples. GPNMB expression was positively correlated with EGFR, p-PI3K, and Ki-67 expression. GPNMB was expressed higher in the AJCC III stage, lymph node metastasis, and moderately poorly differentiated patients. EGFR was higher expressed in patients with vascular invasion; p-PI3K expression in Kazak was higher than that in Han; Ki-67 expression was higher in
. Patients with high expression of GPNMB, p-PI3K, and Ki-67 had worse OS. p-PI3K, Ki-67, nerve invasion, and lymphatic metastasis were independent risk factors, and postoperative adjuvant therapy was a protective factor in ESCC. Conclusion. As a tumour-promoting factor, GPNMB is expected to be a potential target for ESCC.
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HIF-1α Expression Increases Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Hyperglycemic Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164053. [PMID: 36011045 PMCID: PMC9406860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. However, the poor therapeutic efficacy of CCRT was found in rectal cancer patients with hyperglycemia. This study investigated how hyperglycemia affects radiochemotherapy resistance in rectal cancer. Methods and Materials: We analyzed the correlation between prognosis indexes with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in rectal cancer patients with preoperative CCRT. In vitro, we investigated the effect of different concentrated glucose of environments on the radiation tolerance of rectal cancers. Further, we analyzed the combined HIF-1α inhibitor with radiation therapy in hyperglycemic rectal cancers. Results: The prognosis indexes of euglycemic or hyperglycemic rectal cancer patients after receiving CCRT treatment were investigated. The hyperglycemic rectal cancer patients (n = 13, glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c > 6.5%) had poorer prognosis indexes. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between HIF-1α expression and HbA1c levels (p = 0.046). Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationship between HIF-1α and poor response in patients with hyperglycemia receiving pre-operative CCRT. Under a high glucose environment, rectal cancer cells express higher levels of glucose transport 1 (GLUT1), O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and HIF-1α, suggesting that the high glucose environment might stimulate HIF-1α expression through the GLUT1-OGT-HIF-1α pathway promoting tolerance to Fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiation. In the hyperglycemic rectal cancer animal model, rectal cancer cells confirmed that radiation exposure reduces apoptosis by overexpressing HIF-1α. Combining HIF-1α inhibitors was able to reverse radioresistance in a high glucose environment. Lower HIF-1α levels increased DNA damage in tumors leading to apoptosis. Conclusions: The findings here show that hyperglycemia induces the expression of GLUT1, OGT, and HIF-1α to cause CCRT tolerance in rectal cancer and suggest that combining HIF-1α inhibitors could reverse radioresistance in a high glucose environment. HIF-1α inhibitors may be useful for development as CCRT sensitizers in patients with hyperglycemic rectal cancer.
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The oligometastatic spectrum in the era of improved detection and modern systemic therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:585-599. [PMID: 35831494 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastases remain the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The oligometastasis hypothesis postulates that a spectrum of metastatic spread exists and that some patients with a limited burden of metastases can be cured with ablative therapy. Over the past decade, substantial advances in systemic therapies have resulted in considerable improvements in the outcomes of patients with metastatic cancers, warranting re-examination of the oligometastatic paradigm and the role of local ablative therapies within the context of the improved therapeutic responses, shifting patterns of disease recurrence and possible synergy with systemic treatments. Herein, we reframe the oligometastatic phenotype as a dynamic state for which locally ablative, metastasis-directed therapy improves clinical outcomes, including by prolonging survival and increasing cure rates. Important risk factors defining the metastatic spectrum are highlighted that inform both staging and therapy. Finally, we synthesize the literature on combining local therapies with modern systemic treatments, identifying general themes to optimally integrate ablative therapies in this context.
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Hamilton G. Comparative characteristics of small cell lung cancer and Ewing's sarcoma: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1185-1198. [PMID: 35832443 PMCID: PMC9271444 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Ewing's sarcoma (ES) at the disseminated stage are not amenable to therapy and have a dismal prognosis with low survival rates. Despite representing different tumor entities, treatment for both malignancies relies on cytotoxic chemotherapy that has not considerably changed for the past decades. The genomic background has been extensively studied and found to comprise inactivation of p53 and RB1 in case of SCLC and EWSR1/FLI1 rearrangement in case of ES resulting in aggressive tumors in adults with heavy tobacco consumption and as bone tumor in juveniles, respectively. New therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of both tumor entities, especially in patients with metastatic disease or recurrences. This review summarizes the common cell biologic and clinical characteristics of difficult-to-treat SCLC and ES and discusses their refractoriness and options to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Methods PubMed and Euro PMC were searched from January 1st, 2012 to January 16th, 2022 using the following key words: "SCLC", "Ewing´s sarcoma", "Genomics" and "Chemoresistance" as well as own work. Key Content and Findings Therapy of SCLC and ES involves the use of undirected cytotoxic drugs in multimodal chemotherapy and administration of topotecan for 2nd line SCLC regimens. Despite highly aggressive chemotherapies, outcomes are dismal for patients with disseminated tumors. A host of unrelated drugs and targeted therapeutics have failed to result in progress for the patients and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance are still not clear. Identification of chemoresistance-reversing modulators in vitro and patient-derived xenografts of SCLC and ES has not translated into new therapies. Conclusions The global chemoresistance of SCLC and ES may be explained by physiological resistance at the tumor level and formation of larger spheroids that contain quiescent and hypoxic tumor cells in regions that occlude therapeutics. This type of chemoresistance is difficult to overcome and prevent the accumulation of effective drug concentration at the tumor cell level to a significant degree leaving therapeutic interventions of any kind ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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HLX11, a Proposed Pertuzumab Biosimilar: Pharmacokinetics, Immunogenicity, and Safety Profiles Compared to Three Reference Biologic Products (US-, EU-, and CN-Approved Pertuzumab) Administered to Healthy Male Subjects. BioDrugs 2022; 36:393-409. [PMID: 35594017 PMCID: PMC9148872 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Pertuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of breast cancer. HLX11 is a biosimilar of pertuzumab developed by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. We conducted a bioequivalence study for HLX11 and pertuzumab (United States [US]-, European Union [EU]-, and China [CN]-approved products). Objectives This study compared the biosimilarity in pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity between HLX11 and reference pertuzumab (approved in the US, the EU, and CN) in healthy Chinese male participants after a single infusion and further characterized the PK profile of HLX11. Methods Eligible individuals were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive a single dose of 420 mg HLX11, US-, EU-, or CN-pertuzumab via intravenous infusion over 60 min. The primary endpoints were maximum serum drug concentration (Cmax), area under the serum concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t), and AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞). PK bioequivalence was established if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios of the primary endpoints were between 80.0 and 125.0%. Secondary endpoints included other PK parameters, safety, and immunogenicity. Results A total of 160 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to each group (n = 40 per group). The 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of the primary endpoints were all within the prespecified equivalence margins (HLX11 vs. pertuzumab [US-, EU-, CN-approved products]: Cmax 97.03–115.06%, 91.39–109.80%, 94.53–110.65%; AUC0–t 87.65–99.68%, 87.07–100.79%, 86.29–101.09%; AUC0–∞ 87.66–99.90%, 87.54–101.05%, 89.23–103.20%). The incidence of adverse drug reactions was comparable across the four groups. The presence of anti-drug antibodies or neutralizing antibodies had no obvious effect on PK. Conclusion The PK, safety, and immunogenicity of HLX11 were highly similar to those of reference pertuzumab (US-, EU-, CN-approved products). The established bioequivalence supports further clinical trials of HLX11 in cancer treatment. Trial Registration This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04411550) and Chinadrugtrials.org.cn (CTR20200618). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40259-022-00534-w.
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