1
|
Esa R, Steinberg E, Dagan A, Yekhtin Z, Tischenko K, Benny O. Newly synthesized methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor hinders tumor growth. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 13:1170-1182. [PMID: 35637333 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAp2) inhibition has been recognized as a promising approach for suppressing angiogenesis and cancer progression. Small molecule fumagillol derivatives with adamantane side groups were synthesized and evaluated for MetAp2 inhibition activity, and a lead molecule with superior abilities to inhibit the enzymatic activity of MetAp2 was identified. The compound, referred to as AD-3281, effectively suppressed proliferation of cancer and endothelial cells and impaired tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro. When administered systemically, AD-3281 was well tolerated and led to a significant suppression of human melanoma and mammary tumor xenografts grown in mice. The activity in vivo was associated with reduced angiogenesis and tumor proliferation as detected histologically. In order to develop a formulation that can solubilize AD-3281 with a minimal content of organic solvents, biodegradable nanoparticles comprised of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) were fabricated and characterized. Compared with the free compound, AD-3281-loaded nanoparticles showed an advantageous cellular availability and uptake, leading to higher activity in cells and better transport in three-dimensional (3D) cultures. Taken together, we introduce a novel MetAp2 inhibitor with high anti-cancer activity and a stable nano-formulation with a high potential for future clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawnaq Esa
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eliana Steinberg
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arie Dagan
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zhanna Yekhtin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katerina Tischenko
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun R, Zhai R, Ma C, Miao W. Combination of aloin and metformin enhances the antitumor effect by inhibiting the growth and invasion and inducing apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1141-1151. [PMID: 31830378 PMCID: PMC6997051 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a devastating and highly metastatic cancer worldwide. Metformin (MET) is the priority drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, it possesses multiple biological effects like anticancer and hepatoprotective activity. Herein, we examined the effects of aloin (barbaloin) and MET as well as combination treatment in HCC cell line in vitro and in vivo. As a result, aloin and MET alone exhibited inhibitory effects on proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and Bel‐7402 cells. Specially, combination treatment of aloin and MET showed enhanced inhibitory effects in vitro. Aloin and MET alone induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Similarly, aloin and MET cooperated to promote apoptosis and autophagy in HepG2 and Bel‐7402 cells. In the HepG2 xenograft models, aloin in combination with MET confine tumor growth and facilitate apoptosis and autophagy. Both the in vitro and in vivo results showed that aloin and MET alone as well as combination treatment activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, our research demonstrated that the concomitant treatment with aloin and MET enhances the antitumor effect by inhibiting the growth and invasion as well as inducing apoptosis and autophagy in HCC through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jining First People 's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiren Zhai
- Department of Cancer Center, Tumor Center Shandong Sunshine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Changlin Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jining First People 's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Department of Health Care, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
TNP-470 skews DC differentiation to Th1-stimulatory phenotypes and can serve as a novel adjuvant in a cancer vaccine. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1664-1679. [PMID: 30012585 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017013433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumagillin is an antiangiogenic and antineoplastic fungal natural product, and TNP-470 is one of its most potent analogs. Decades of studies revealed that TNP-470 has potent anticancer activities via destruction of neovasculature. In stark contrast, TNP-470 has been reported to suppress lymphocyte proliferation, thereby limiting its clinical potentials. In an attempt to investigate whether the similar or opposite immunomodulatory effect of TNP-470 could act on myeloid cells, we found that TNP-470 potentiates the immunogenicity of dendritic cells (DCs) toward a phenotype with T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-stimulatory features. Using DC vaccine on a murine melanoma cancer model, the TNP-470-treated DC vaccine could significantly induce tumor-specific immunogenicity and substantially enhance tumor eradication when compared with vehicle-treated DC vaccine in a prophylactic setting. Enhanced tumor-specific immunogenicity and delayed tumor progression were observed in a therapeutic setting upon the TNP-470-treated DC vaccine. Our data showed that TNP-470 potentiates Toll-like receptor signaling, including NF-κB activation, in DCs to transcriptionally activate interleukin-12 production, thus inducing a Th1-immune response. Our current study uncovers a novel immune function of TNP-470 in DCs and redefines its role as a novel class of small molecule immune adjuvant in DC-based cancer vaccine given potentiation of DC immunogenicity is a major roadblock in DC vaccine development. Our study not only provides a novel adjuvant for ex vivo-cultured patient-specific DC vaccines for cancer treatment but also discovers the distinct immunostimulatory function of TNP-470 in DCs of myeloid lineage that differs from its immunosuppressive function in lymphoid cells.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu XM, Jaskula-Sztul R, Georgen MR, Aburjania Z, Somnay YR, Leverson G, Sippel RS, Lloyd RV, Johnson BP, Chen H. Notch1 Signaling Regulates the Aggressiveness of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Inhibits SERPINE1 Expression. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3582-92. [PMID: 26847059 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Notch1, a transmembrane receptor, has been recently shown to aid in the determination of thyroid cell fate associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of Notch1 and its role in the regulation of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) behavior. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined Notch1 expression level and its relationship with clinicopathologic features and outcomes of DTC. Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) was further characterized both in vitro and in vivo by gain-of-function assays using an inducible system. RESULTS Notch1 expression levels were downregulated in primary DTC tissue samples compared with contralateral nontumor and benign thyroid tissues. Decreased Notch1 expression in DTC was associated with advanced patient age (P = 0.032) and the presence of extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.005). Patients with lower Notch1 expression had a significantly higher recurrence rate (P = 0.038). Restoration of NICD in a stably doxycycline-inducible metastatic DTC cell line reduced cell growth and migration profoundly. Using an orthotopic thyroid cancer model, NICD induction significantly reduced the growth of the primary thyroid tumor and inhibited the development of lung metastasis. Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 (SERPINE1) was discovered by microarray as the most significant gene downregulated by NICD. Further validation showed that the induction of NICD reduced SERPINE1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, whereas restoration of a relative higher level of SERPINE1 was observed with NICD back to minimal level. In addition, SERPINE1 knock-down inhibited DTC cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Notch1 regulates the aggressive phenotypes of DTC, which could be mediated by SERPINE1 inhibition. Notch1/SERPINE1 axis warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic target for advanced DTC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3582-92. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Yu
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Maria R Georgen
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zviadi Aburjania
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yash R Somnay
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Glen Leverson
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rebecca S Sippel
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brian P Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Herbert Chen
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Korn C, Scholz B, Hu J, Srivastava K, Wojtarowicz J, Arnsperger T, Adams RH, Boutros M, Augustin HG, Augustin I. Endothelial cell-derived non-canonical Wnt ligands control vascular pruning in angiogenesis. Development 2014; 141:1757-66. [PMID: 24715464 DOI: 10.1242/dev.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cell types involved in the regulation of angiogenesis express Wnt ligands. Although β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signaling pathways have been shown to control angiogenesis, the contribution of individual cell types to activate these downstream pathways in endothelial cells (ECs) during blood vessel formation is still elusive. To investigate the role of ECs in contributing Wnt ligands for regulation of blood vessel formation, we conditionally deleted the Wnt secretion factor Evi in mouse ECs (Evi-ECKO). Evi-ECKO mice showed decreased microvessel density during physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the postnatal retina and in tumors, respectively. The reduced microvessel density resulted from increased vessel regression accompanied by decreased EC survival and proliferation. Concomitantly, survival-related genes were downregulated and cell cycle arrest- and apoptosis-inducing genes were upregulated. EVI silencing in cultured HUVECs showed similar target gene regulation, supporting a mechanism of EC-derived Wnt ligands in controlling EC function. ECs preferentially expressed non-canonical Wnt ligands and canonical target gene expression was unaffected in Evi-ECKO mice. Furthermore, the reduced vascularization of Matrigel plugs in Evi-ECKO mice could be rescued by introduction of non-canonical Wnt5a. Treatment of mouse pups with the non-canonical Wnt inhibitor TNP470 resulted in increased vessel regression accompanied by decreased EC proliferation, thus mimicking the proliferation-dependent Evi-ECKO remodeling phenotype. Taken together, this study identified EC-derived non-canonical Wnt ligands as regulators of EC survival, proliferation and subsequent vascular pruning during developmental and pathological angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Korn
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg 69221, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Herter I, Geginat G, Hof H, Kupfahl C. Modulation of innate and antigen-specific immune functions directed against Listeria monocytogenes by fungal toxins in vitro. Mycotoxin Res 2014; 30:79-87. [PMID: 24526341 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-014-0191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, a large group of secondary fungal metabolites, are ubiquitously present in the environment and are potentially harmful to exposed humans and animals. Despite increasing interest in this group of fungal metabolites it is still difficult to estimate the relative toxic potential of one individual mycotoxin compared with others. We therefore compared the effects of some of the most important mycotoxins on effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune system in an in vitro model. Our data show clear differences of various mycotoxins in regard of their immunotoxic potential on mouse macrophages and T cells. Our results also indicate differences in the susceptibility of specific immune effector functions of macrophages and T cells exposed to mycotoxins. Thus, our results enhance the understanding of role of mycotoxins in the pathogenesis of human and animal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Herter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with canalicular marsupialization in common canalicular obstruction. Can J Ophthalmol 2013; 48:335-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Lin YS, Chou WL, Yang CH, Huang KS, Wang EC, Chen CY, Lin YH, Huang HM. A real-time impedance-sensing chip for the detection of emulsion phase separation. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1743-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science; Hungkuang University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Chou
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering; Hungkuang University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Eng-Chi Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Chen
- Department of Applied Cosmetology and Master Program of Cosmetic Science; Hungkuang University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Instrument Technology Research Center; National Applied Research Laboratories; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei; Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zbidah M, Lupescu A, Jilani K, Lang F. Stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death by fumagillin. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 112:346-51. [PMID: 23121865 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fumagillin, a cyclohexane isolated from fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, has anti-infective and anti-cancer potency. Fumagillin is at least partially effective by inducing suicidal death or apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, eryptosis is the suicidal death of erythrocytes characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Stimulators of eryptosis include increase of cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)](i)) and ceramide. The present study explored whether fumagillin (5-100 μM) could stimulate eryptosis. To this end, [Ca(2+)](i) was estimated from Fluo3 fluorescence, ceramide by utilizing specific antibodies, cell volume from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin V binding and haemolysis from haemoglobin release. As a result, a 48-hr exposure to fumagillin significantly increased [Ca(2+)](i) (≥10 μM), enhanced ceramide abundance (100 μM), triggered annexin V binding (≥10 μM) and decreased forward scatter (≥10 μM). Fumagillin exposure was followed by slight but significant increase of haemolysis. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) significantly blunted but did not abolish the effect of fumagillin (100 μM) on annexin V binding. The present observations disclose a novel effect of fumagillin, that is, stimulation of eryptosis, paralleled by Ca(2+) entry, ceramide formation, phosphatidylserine exposure and decrease of cell volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Zbidah
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laschke M, Menger M. Anti-angiogenic treatment strategies for the therapy of endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:682-702. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
|
11
|
Hsiao SY, Chen DC, Yang CH, Huang HM, Lu YP, Huang HS, Lin CY, Lin YS. Chemical-Free and Reusable Cellular Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN INTERACTION 2012. [DOI: 10.4018/jthi.2012070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To advance innovative green technology in studying cytology, this study developed an electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) system with an indium tin oxide (ITO) culture chip module. This paper also demonstrates typical examples of solution effects and B16-F10 cell culture. Results indicate that higher concentrations of saline or albumin had lower impedance. From impedance data, cell proliferation and decline could be elucidated. The impedance soon decreased when Triton X-100 was applied to kill cells. Furthermore, the implemented transparent ITO culture chip module is experiment-friendly to perform optical inspections. The proposed green EIS system which is advantage of chemical-free and reusability can be widely applied to cytology studies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Hsiao
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Yen-Pei Lu
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Shun Huang
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Machado MJC, Mitchell CA. Temporal changes in microvessel leakiness during wound healing discriminated by in vivo fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. J Physiol 2011; 589:4681-96. [PMID: 21768268 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.208355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of injured tissue is a dynamic process, critically dependent on the formation of new blood vessels and restructuring of the nascent plexus. Endothelial barrier function, a functional correlate of vascular restructuring and maturation, was quantified via intravital microscopic analysis of 150 kDa FITC-dextran-perfused blood vessels within discrete wounds created in the panniculus carnosus (PC) muscle of dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC) preparations in mice. Time to recovery of half-peak fluorescence intensity (t(1/2)) within individual vessel segments in three functional regions of the wound (pre-existing vessels, angiogenic plexus and blind-ended vessels (BEVs)) was quantified using in vivo fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and linear regression analysis of recovery profiles. Plasma flux across the walls of new vessel segments, particularly BEVs, was greater than that of pre-existing vessels at days 5-7 after injury (P < 0.05). TNP-470 reduced the permeability of BEVs at the leading edge of the advancing vascular plexus as measured by the decrease in luminal t(1/2) (P < 0.05), confirming the utility of FRAP as a quantitative measure of endothelial barrier function. Furthermore, these data are suggestive of a role for TNP-470 in selection for less leaky vascular segments within healing wounds. Increased FITC-dextran leakage was observed from pre-existing vessels after treatment with TNP-470 (P < 0.05), consistent with induction of transient vascular damage, although the significance of this finding is unclear. Using in vivo FRAP this study demonstrates the relationship between temporal changes in microvascular macromolecular flux and the morphology of maturing vascular segments. This combination of techniques may be useful to assess the therapeutic potential of angiogenic agents in restoring pre-injury levels of endothelial barrier function, following the establishment of a functional vascular plexus such as in models of wounding or tumour development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J C Machado
- Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Becker CM, Beaudry P, Funakoshi T, Benny O, Zaslavsky A, Zurakowski D, Folkman J, D'Amato RJ, Ryeom S. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are up-regulated in a mouse model of endometriosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1782-91. [PMID: 21435458 PMCID: PMC3070089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a debilitating disease characterized by the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue. It is widely accepted that angiogenesis plays an integral part in the establishment and growth of endometriotic lesions. Recent data from a variety of angiogenesis-dependent diseases suggest a critical role of bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in neovascularization. In this study we examined the blood levels of EPCs and mature circulating endothelial cells in a mouse model of surgically induced endometriosis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed elevated levels of EPCs in the blood of mice with endometriosis compared with control subject that underwent a sham operation. EPC concentrations positively correlated with the amount of endometriotic tissue and peaked 1 to 4 days after induction of disease. In a green fluorescent protein bone marrow transplant experiment we found green fluorescent protein–positive endothelial cells incorporated into endometriotic lesions but not eutopic endometrium, as revealed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Finally, treatment of endometriosis-bearing mice with the angiogenesis inhibitor Lodamin, an oral nontoxic formulation of TNP-470, significantly decreased EPC levels while suppressing lesion growth. Taken together, our data indicate an important role for bone marrow–derived endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and support the potential clinical use of anti-angiogenic therapy as a novel treatment modality for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Becker
- Vascular Biology Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Zang QS, Liu Z, Wu Q, Maass D, Dulan G, Shaul PW, Melito L, Frantz DE, Kilgore JA, Williams NS, Terada LS, Nwariaku FE. Regulation of VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C695-704. [PMID: 21653897 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00322.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial migration is a crucial aspect of a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions including atherosclerosis and vascular repair. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as second messengers during endothelial migration. Multiple intracellular sources of ROS are regulated by cellular context, external stimulus, and the microenvironment. However, the predominant source of ROS during endothelial cell (EC) migration and the mechanisms by which ROS regulate cell migration are incompletely understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondria-derived ROS (mtROS) regulate EC migration. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, VEGF increased mitochondrial metabolism, promoted mtROS production, and induced cell migration. Either the targeted mitochondrial delivery of the antioxidant, vitamin E (Mito-Vit-E), or the depletion of mitochondrial DNA abrogated VEGF-mediated mtROS production. Overexpression of mitochondrial catalase also inhibited VEGF-induced mitochondrial metabolism, Rac activation, and cell migration. Furthermore, these interventions suppressed VEGF-stimulated EC migration and blocked Rac1 activation in endothelial cells. Constitutively active Rac1 reversed Mito-Vit-E-induced inhibition of EC migration. Mito-Vit-E also attenuated carotid artery reendothelialization in vivo. These results provide strong evidence that mtROS regulate EC migration through Rac-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youxue Wang
- Dept. of Surgery, The Univ. of Texas Southwestern Medical Cente at Dallas, 75390-9156, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hong J, Kandasamy K, Marimuthu M, Choi CS, Kim S. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing as a non-invasive tool for cancer cell study. Analyst 2010; 136:237-45. [PMID: 20963234 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00560f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-substrate interactions are investigated in a number of studies for drug targets including angiogenesis, arteriosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis. One characteristic of malignant cancerous cells is their ability to invade tissue. Cell adhesion and cytoskeletal activity have served as valuable indicators for understanding the cancer cell behaviours, such as proliferation, migration and invasion. This review focuses on bio-impedance based measurement for monitoring the behaviours in real time and without using labels. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) provides rich information about cell-substrate interactions, cell-cell communication and cell adhesion. High sensitivity of the ECIS method allows for observing events down to single-cell level and achieving nanoscale resolution of cell-substrate distances. Recently, its miniaturization and integration with fluorescent detection techniques have been highlighted as a new tool to deliver a high-content platform for anticancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongin Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Angiogenesis has become an attractive target for drug therapy because of its key role in tumor growth. An extensive array of compounds is currently in preclinical development, with many now entering the clinic and/or achieving approval from the US Food and Drug Administration. Several regulatory and signaling molecules governing angiogenesis are of interest, including growth factors (eg, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor), receptor tyrosine kinases, and transcription factors such as hypoxia inducible factor, as well as molecules involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Pharmacologic agents have been identified that target these pathways, yet for some agents (notably thalidomide), an understanding of the specific mechanisms of antitumor action has proved elusive. The following review describes key molecular mechanisms and novel therapies that are on the horizon for antiangiogenic tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - William D. Figg
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Phone: 301-402-3622 Fax: 301-402-8606
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hines J, Ju R, Dutschman GE, Cheng YC, Crews CM. Reversal of TNP-470-induced endothelial cell growth arrest by guanine and guanine nucleosides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:729-38. [PMID: 20571059 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.169110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of TNP-470 [O-(chloroacetyl-carbamoyl) fumagillol], which potently and selectively inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells, is incompletely understood. Previous studies have established its binding protein and the most distal effector of its growth arrest activity as methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP-2) and p21(WAF1/CIP1), respectively. However, the mechanistic steps between these two effectors have not been identified. We have found that addition of exogenous guanine and guanine-containing nucleosides to culture medium will completely reverse the cytostatic effect of TNP-470 on both cultured bovine aortic and mouse pulmonary endothelial cells. Western blotting showed that supplementation with exogenous guanosine reverses the induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) by TNP-470. This "rescue" by guanine/guanosine was abolished when the guanine salvage pathway of nucleotide biosynthesis was inhibited with Immucillin H, suggesting that TNP-470 might reduce de novo guanine synthesis in endothelial cells. However, an analysis of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo guanine synthesis and target of the antiangiogenic drug mycophenolic acid, showed no TNP-470-induced changes. Curiously, quantitation of cellular nucleotides confirmed that GTP levels were not reduced after TNP-470 treatment. Addition of guanosine at the start of G(1) phase causes a doubling in GTP levels that persists to the G(1)/S phase transition, where commitment to TNP-470 growth arrest occurs. Thus, guanine rescue involves an augmentation of cellular GTP beyond physiological levels rather than a restoration of a drug-induced GTP deficit. Determining the mechanism whereby this causes restoration of endothelial cell proliferation is an ongoing investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hines
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Emoto M, Naganuma Y, Choijamts B, Ohno T, Yoshihisa H, Kanomata N, Kawarabayashi T, Aizawa M. Novel chemoembolization using calcium-phosphate ceramic microsphere incorporating TNP-470, an anti-angiogenic agent. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:984-90. [PMID: 20109162 PMCID: PMC11159357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop a new method of chemoembolization to improve the therapeutic effectiveness and safety profile of cancer treatment. A chemoembolization approach was designed for human solid tumors using resorbable calcium-phosphate ceramic microspheres loaded with an agent anti-angiogenic to tumor vasculature in vivo. The human uterine sarcoma cell line FU-MMT-3 was used in this study because this tumor is aggressive and also exhibits a poor response to radiotherapy or any chemotherapy currently used. The calcium-phosphate ceramic microspheres loaded with TNP-470, an anti-angiogenic agent, were injected into FU-MMT-3 xenografts in nude mice three times per week for 8 weeks. The treatment using TNP-470-loaded microspheres suppressed tumor growth, compared to treatment with TNP-470 alone, microspheres alone, and the control. The mean tumor weight after treatment using TNP-470-loaded microspheres was significantly lower than that after treatment with microspheres alone. These ceramic microspheres were remarkably embolized in tumor microvessels as well as in the feeding arteries and a significant reduction of intratumoral vascularity was also demonstrated following treatment with TNP-470-loaded microspheres. Severe loss of body weight was not observed in any mice treated with the TNP-470-loaded microspheres, compared to treatment with TNP-470 alone. These results suggest that targeting tumor vasculature in human uterine sarcoma using calcium-phosphate microspheres might be more effective and safer than the treatment that employs anti-angiogenic agent alone. This new chemoembolization method incorporating an anti-angiogenic agent may contribute to the effective treatment of locally advanced or recurrent solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Emoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nucera C, Nehs MA, Mekel M, Zhang X, Hodin R, Lawler J, Nose V, Parangi S. A novel orthotopic mouse model of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2009; 19:1077-84. [PMID: 19772429 PMCID: PMC2833178 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2009.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic mouse models of human cancer represent an important in vivo tool for drug testing and validation. Most of the human thyroid carcinoma cell lines used in orthotopic or subcutaneous models are likely of melanoma and colon cancer. Here, we report and characterize a novel orthotopic model of human thyroid carcinoma using a unique thyroid cancer cell line. METHODS We used the cell line 8505c, originated from a thyroid tumor histologically characterized by anaplastic carcinoma cell features. We injected 8505c cells engineered using a green fluorescent protein-positive lentiviral vector orthotopically into the thyroid of severe combined immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Orthotopic implantation with the 8505c cells produced thyroid tumors after 5 weeks, showing large neck masses, with histopathologic features of a high-grade neoplasm (anaplasia, necrosis, high mitotic and proliferative indexes, p53 positivity, extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node and distant metastases) and immunoprofile of follicular thyroid cell origin with positivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 and PAX8, and for cytokeratins. CONCLUSIONS Here we describe a novel orthotopic thyroid carcinoma model using 8505c cells. This model can prove to be a reliable and useful tool to investigate in vivo biological mechanisms determining thyroid cancer aggressiveness, and to test novel therapeutics for the treatment of refractory or advanced thyroid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Nucera
- Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew A. Nehs
- Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michal Mekel
- Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Hodin
- Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack Lawler
- Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vânia Nose
- Endocrine Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Thyroid Cancer Research Laboratory, Unit of Endocrine Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Teicher BA. In vivo/ex vivo and in situ assays used in cancer research: a brief review. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 37:114-22. [PMID: 19098118 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308329473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Predicting whether a potential new anticancer agent will have a positive therapeutic index in patients remains a challenge. This brief review provides examples of preclinical in vivo/ex vivo and in situ assays used to assess the therapeutic potential of experimental anticancer therapeutics. Excision assays involving removal of tumor, bone marrow, and other tissues from the host after treatment to determine the effects of therapy in ex vivo assays are important preclinical tools. The survival of malignant cells from tumors treated in vivo and then excised is often determined by colony formation (CFU) in culture. When mice bearing in vivo alkylating agent-resistant tumors were treated with anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, the survival pattern of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage-colony forming units (CFU-GM) paralleled tumor cell survival. When TNP-470 and minocycline, an antiangiogenic combination, were added to treatment with cytotoxic anticancer therapies, tumor response markedly increased. TNP-470/minocycline-treated mice had higher tissue drug levels than did mice treated with the drug alone. Enzastaurin, an antiangiogenic protein kinase Cbeta inhibitor, treatment decreased intratumoral vessels to one half to one quarter of controls. Simultaneous and sequential treatment regimens with enzastaurin and BCNU delayed tumor growth and increased lifespan in mice bearing subcutaneous or intracranial human T98G glioblastoma multiforme. Both TNP-470 and enzastaurin have undergone clinical trials. Enzastaurin is currently in Phase III clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Genzyme Corporation, 49 New York Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benny O, Fainaru O, Adini A, Cassiola F, Bazinet L, Adini I, Pravda E, Nahmias Y, Koirala S, Corfas G, D'Amato RJ, Folkman J. An orally delivered small-molecule formulation with antiangiogenic and anticancer activity. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26:799-807. [PMID: 18587385 PMCID: PMC2803109 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels, is an important modality for cancer therapy. TNP-470, a fumagillin analog, is among the most potent and broad-spectrum angiogenesis inhibitors. However, a major clinical limitation is its poor oral availability and short half-life, necessitating frequent, continuous parenteral administration. We have addressed these issues and report an oral formulation of TNP-470, named Lodamin. TNP-470 was conjugated to monomethoxy-polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid to form nanopolymeric micelles. This conjugate can be absorbed by the intestine and selectively accumulates in tumors. Lodamin significantly inhibits tumor growth, without causing neurological impairment in tumor-bearing mice. Using the oral route of administration, it first reaches the liver, making it especially efficient in preventing the development of liver metastasis in mice. We show that Lodamin is an oral nontoxic antiangiogenic drug that can be chronically administered for cancer therapy or metastasis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofra Benny
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, St. Karp Research Building, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
TNP-470: The Resurrection of the First Synthetic Angiogenesis Inhibitor. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|