1
|
Dube ZF, Soremekun OS, Ntombela T, Alahmdi MI, Abo-Dya NE, Sidhom PA, Shawky AM, Shibl MF, Ibrahim MA, Soliman ME. Inherent efficacies of pyrazole-based derivatives for cancer therapy: the interface between experiment and in silico. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1719-1738. [PMID: 37772542 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing trend in the design of novel pyrazole derivatives for desired biological applications. For a cost-effective strategy, scientists have implemented various computational drug design tools to go hand in hand with experiments for the design and discovery of potentially effective pyrazole-based therapeutics. This review highlights the milestones of pyrazole-containing inhibitors and the use of molecular modeling techniques in conjunction with experimental studies to provide a view of the binding mechanism of these compounds. The review focuses on the established targets that play a key role in cancer therapy, including proteins involved in tubulin polymerization, carbonic anhydrase and tyrosine kinase. Overall, using both experimental and computational methods in drug design represents a promising approach to cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zanele F Dube
- Molecular Bio-Computational & Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi S Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-Computational & Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Thandokuhle Ntombela
- Catalysis & Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Issa Alahmdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader E Abo-Dya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Peter A Sidhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science & Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Shibl
- Renewable Energy Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Aa Ibrahim
- Molecular Bio-Computational & Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Es Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computational & Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Soliman DH, Nafie MS. Design, synthesis, and docking studies of novel pyrazole-based scaffolds and their evaluation as VEGFR2 inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20443-20456. [PMID: 37435371 PMCID: PMC10331375 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since VEGFR-2 plays a crucial role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, it is a prospective target for cancer treatment. In this work, a series of 3-phenyl-4-(2-substituted phenylhydrazono)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-ones (3a-l) were synthesized and investigated for their cytotoxicity against the PC-3 human cancer cell line compared to Doxorubicin and Sorafenib as reference drugs. Two compounds 3a and 3i showed comparable cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 1.22 and 1.24 μM compared to the reference drugs (IC50 = 0.932, 1.13 μM). Compound 3i was found to be the most effective VEGFR-2 inhibitor using in vitro testing of the synthesized compounds, with nearly 3-fold higher activity than Sorafenib (30 nM), with IC50 8.93 nM. Compound 3i significantly stimulated total apoptotic prostate cancer cell death 55.2-fold (34.26% compared to 0.62% for the control) arresting the cell cycle at the S-phase. The genes involved in apoptosis were also impacted, with proapoptotic genes being upregulated and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 being downregulated. These results were supported by docking studies of these two compounds within the active site of the VEGFR2 enzyme. Finally, in vivo, the study revealed the potentiality of compound 3i to inhibit tumor proliferation by 49.8% reducing the tumor weight from 234.6 mg in untreated mice to 83.2 mg. Therefore, 3i could be a promising anti-prostate cancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia H Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University Badr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Program), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saleh NM, El-Gazzar MG, Aly HM, Othman RA. Novel Anticancer Fused Pyrazole Derivatives as EGFR and VEGFR-2 Dual TK Inhibitors. Front Chem 2020; 7:917. [PMID: 32039146 PMCID: PMC6993756 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR and VEGFR-2 represent promising targets for cancer treatment as they are very important in tumor development as well as in angiogenesis and metastasis. In this work, 6-amino-4-(2-bromophenyl)-3-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile 1 and (E)-4-(2-Bromobenzylidene)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one 11 were selected as starting materials to synthesize different fused pyrazole derivatives; dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole 1, 2, 7–9, and 15, pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine 3–6, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 12 and 13, and pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyrazole 14 derivatives were synthesized to evaluate their anticancer activity against HEPG2 human cancer cell lines compared to erlotinib and sorafenib as reference drugs. Seven compounds 1, 2, 4, 8, 11, 12, and 15 showed nearly 10 fold higher activity than erlotinib (10.6 μM) with IC50 ranging from 0.31 to 0.71 μM. In vitro EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity were performed for the synthesized compounds, and the results identified compound 3 as the most potent EGFR inhibitor (IC50 = 0.06 μM) and compound 9 as the most potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.22 μM). Moreover, compounds 9 and 12 revealed potent dual EGFR and VEGFR-2 inhibition, and these results were supported by docking studies of these two compounds within the active sites of both enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girl's), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa G El-Gazzar
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Aly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girl's), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girl's), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dubé PE, Liu CY, Girish N, Washington MK, Polk DB. Pharmacological activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling inhibits colitis-associated cancer in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9119. [PMID: 29904166 PMCID: PMC6002410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) target the overactive immune response of the intestinal mucosa. However, epidermal growth factor (EGF), an activating ligand of the EGF receptor (EGFR), has been shown to induce disease remission through direct targeting of intestinal mucosal healing. Despite promising preclinical and clinical results, this EGFR-activating therapy has not progressed, in part due to the potential for carcinogenesis associated with long-term use and the increased risk of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) in IBD. Here we tested whether pharmacological modulation of EGFR altered outcomes of CAC in the murine azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model. We found that administering EGF during the period of maximum colitis severity ("early"), coincident with the initiation and early promotion of tumors, improved outcomes of colitis and reduced tumor size. In contrast, daily EGF administration beginning ~2 months after tumor initiation ("late") increased tumor size. Administration of the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib increased the tumor size when the drug was given early and decreased the tumor size when the drug was administered late. EGF administration not only reduced colonic cytokine and chemokine expression during injury, but also baseline chemokine expression in homeostasis. These results suggest that EGFR activation during acute bouts of colitis may reduce the long-term burden of CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Dubé
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Taconic Biosciences, Hudson, NY, USA
| | - Cambrian Y Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nandini Girish
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - D Brent Polk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao G, Liu L, Peek RM, Hao X, Polk DB, Li H, Yan F. Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Macrophages Mediates Feedback Inhibition of M2 Polarization and Gastrointestinal Tumor Cell Growth. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20462-72. [PMID: 27507810 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) in tumor cells serves as a tumor promoter. However, information about EGFR activation in macrophages in regulating M2 polarization and tumor development is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EGFR activation in macrophages on M2 polarization and development of gastrointestinal tumors. IL-4, a cytokine to elicit M2 polarization, stimulated release of an EGFR ligand, HB-EGF, and transactivation and down-regulation of EGFR in Raw 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages from WT mice. Knockdown of HB-EGF in macrophages inhibited EGFR transactivation by IL-4. IL-4-stimulated STAT6 activation, Arg1 and YM1 gene expression, and HB-EGF production were further enhanced by inhibition of EGFR activity in Raw 264.7 cells using an EGFR kinase inhibitor and in peritoneal macrophages from Egfr(wa5) mice with kinase inactive EGFR and by knockdown of EGFR in peritoneal macrophages from Egfr(fl/fl) LysM-Cre mice with myeloid cell-specific EGFR deletion. Chitin induced a higher level of M2 polarization in peritoneal macrophages in Egfr(fl/fl) LysM-Cre mice than that in Egfr(fl/fl) mice. Accordingly, IL-4-conditioned medium stimulated growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in gastric epithelial and colonic tumor cells, which were suppressed by that from Raw 264.7 cells with HB-EGF knockdown but promoted by that from Egfr(wa5) and Egfr(fl/fl) LysM-Cre peritoneal macrophages. Clinical assessment revealed that the number of macrophages with EGFR expression became less, indicating decreased inhibitory effects on M2 polarization, in late stage of human gastric cancers. Thus, IL-4-stimulated HB-EGF-dependent transactivation of EGFR in macrophages may mediate inhibitory feedback for M2 polarization and HB-EGF production, thereby inhibiting gastrointestinal tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, the Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Liping Liu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Richard M Peek
- the Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Xishan Hao
- the Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - D Brent Polk
- the Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90027, and the Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027
| | - Hui Li
- the Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, National Clinical Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China,
| | - Fang Yan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kassab AE, Gedawy EM, El-Nassan HB. Synthesis of 4-Heteroaryl-Quinazoline Derivatives as Potential Anti-breast Cancer Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - E. M. Gedawy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - H. B. El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Farina AR, Mackay AR. Gelatinase B/MMP-9 in Tumour Pathogenesis and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:240-96. [PMID: 24473089 PMCID: PMC3980597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its original identification as a leukocyte gelatinase/type V collagenase and tumour type IV collagenase, gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is now recognised as playing a central role in many aspects of tumour progression. In this review, we relate current concepts concerning the many ways in which gelatinase B/MMP-9 influences tumour biology. Following a brief outline of the gelatinase B/MMP-9 gene and protein, we analyse the role(s) of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in different phases of the tumorigenic process, and compare the importance of gelatinase B/MMP-9 source in the carcinogenic process. What becomes apparent is the importance of inflammatory cell-derived gelatinase B/MMP-9 in tumour promotion, early progression and triggering of the "angiogenic switch", the integral relationship between inflammatory, stromal and tumour components with respect to gelatinase B/MMP-9 production and activation, and the fundamental role for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in the formation and maintenance of tumour stem cell and metastatic niches. It is also apparent that gelatinase B/MMP-9 plays important tumour suppressing functions, producing endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors, promoting inflammatory anti-tumour activity, and inducing apoptosis. The fundamental roles of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in cancer biology underpins the need for specific therapeutic inhibitors of gelatinase B/MMP-9 function, the use of which must take into account and substitute for tumour-suppressing gelatinase B/MMP-9 activity and also limit inhibition of physiological gelatinase B/MMP-9 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eklund L, Bry M, Alitalo K. Mouse models for studying angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:259-82. [PMID: 23522958 PMCID: PMC5528409 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is required for the growth of most tumors. The tumor microenvironment also induces lymphangiogenic factors that promote metastatic spread. Anti-angiogenic therapy targets the mechanisms behind the growth of the tumor vasculature. During the past two decades, several strategies targeting blood and lymphatic vessels in tumors have been developed. The blocking of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling has proven effective for inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and growth, and inhibitors of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 involved in lymphangiogenesis have recently entered clinical trials. However, thus far anti-angiogenic treatments have been less effective in humans than predicted on the basis of pre-clinical tests in mice. Intrinsic and induced resistance against anti-angiogenesis occurs in patients, and thus far the clinical benefit of the treatments has been limited to modest improvements in overall survival in selected tumor types. Our current knowledge of tumor angiogenesis is based mainly on experiments performed in tumor-transplanted mice, and it has become evident that these models are not representative of human cancer. For an improved understanding, angiogenesis research needs models that better recapitulate the multistep tumorigenesis of human cancers, from the initial genetic insults in single cells to malignant progression in a proper tissue environment. To improve anti-angiogenic therapies in cancer patients, it is necessary to identify additional molecular targets important for tumor angiogenesis, and to get mechanistic insight into their interactions for eventual combinatorial targeting. The recent development of techniques for manipulating the mammalian genome in a precise and predictable manner has opened up new possibilities for the generation of more reliable models of human cancer that are essential for the testing of new therapeutic strategies. In addition, new imaging modalities that permit visualization of the entire mouse tumor vasculature down to the resolution of single capillaries have been developed in pre-clinical models and will likely benefit clinical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O.B. 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Cao H, Lu N, Liu L, Wang B, Hu T, Israel DA, Peek RM, Polk DB, Yan F. Berberine inhibits proliferation and down-regulates epidermal growth factor receptor through activation of Cbl in colon tumor cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56666. [PMID: 23457600 PMCID: PMC3573001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an active component of Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae plant families. Berberine has been found to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines in vitro through the cell-type-dependent mechanism. Expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is increased in colonic precancerous lesions and tumours, thus EGFR is considered a tumour promoter. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of berberine on regulation of EGFR activity and proliferation in colonic tumor cell lines and in vivo. We reported that berberine significantly inhibited basal level and EGF-stimulated EGFR activation and proliferation in the immorto Min mouse colonic epithelial (IMCE) cells carrying the APC(min) mutation and human colonic carcinoma cell line, HT-29 cells. Berberine acted to inhibit proliferation through inducing G1/S and G2/M cell cycle arrest, which correlated with regulation of the checkpoint protein expression. In this study, we also showed that berberine stimulated ubiquitin ligase Cbl activation and Cbl's interaction with EGFR, and EGFR ubiquitinylation and down-regulation in these two cell lines in the presence or absence of EGF treatment. Knock-down Cbl expression blocked the effects of berberine on down-regulation of EGFR and inhibition of proliferation. Furthermore, berberine suppressed tumor growth in the HT-29 cell xenograft model. Cell proliferation and EGFR expression level was decreased by berberine treatment in this xenograft model and in colon epithelial cells of APC(min/+) mice. Taken together, these data indicate that berberine enhances Cbl activity, resulting in down-regulation of EGFR expression and inhibition of proliferation in colon tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Cancer Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - D. Brent Polk
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California and Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Expression of EGFR, HER2, phosphorylated ERK and phosphorylated MEK in colonic neoplasms of familial adenomatous polyposis patients. J Gastrointest Cancer 2013; 43:444-55. [PMID: 21989899 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-011-9330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is associated with poor prognosis in sporadic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). EGFR inhibitors are approved for the treatment of refractory CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of EGFR and HER2 and downstream extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in non-neoplastic colonic mucosa, adenomas and carcinomas from familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) patients, exploring the expression along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. METHODS The expression of EGFR, HER2, phosphorylated MAPK/ERK kinase (pMEK) and phosphorylated ERK (pERK) proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry in samples of colonic non-neoplastic mucosa (n = 65), adenomas (n = 149) and adenocarcinomas (n = 16) from each of the 16 FAP patients. RESULTS For HER2, only weak cytoplasmic expression was seen in 8% of adenomas, 6% of carcinomas and 3% of the non-neoplastic mucosa. EGFR was expressed in non-neoplastic mucosa, adenomas and carcinomas with a statistically significant increase in expression in adenomas compared with non-neoplastic mucosa (p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant increase in nuclear staining intensity for pERK (p < 0.001) and pMEK (p < 0.001) in adenomas compared to non-neoplastic mucosa. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study investigating the expression of these receptors in non-neoplastic mucosa, adenomas and carcinomas from FAP patients. HER2 is not upregulated in the tumours of FAP patients, while EGFR appears to be upregulated in most adenomas and carcinomas, with associated upregulation of pERK and pMEK. We conclude that EGFR and downstream members of its signalling pathway, but not HER2, may be potential therapeutic targets in FAP patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
ALFEREZ DENISG, GOODLAD ROBERTA, ODEDRA RAJESH, SINI PATRIZIA, CRAFTER CLAIRE, RYAN ANDERSONJ, WEDGE STEPHENR, WRIGHT NICHOLASA, ANDERSON ELIZABETH, WILKINSON ROBERTW. Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1475-85. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
12
|
Dubé PE, Yan F, Punit S, Girish N, McElroy SJ, Washington MK, Polk DB. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits colitis-associated cancer in mice. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2780-92. [PMID: 22772467 DOI: 10.1172/jci62888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic illness caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors that propagate inflammation and damage to the gastrointestinal epithelium. This state of chronic inflammation increases the risk for development of colitis-associated cancer in IBD patients. Thus, the development of targeted therapeutics that can disrupt the cycle of inflammation and epithelial injury is highly attractive. However, such biological therapies, including those targeting epidermal growth factor receptor pathways, pose a risk of increasing cancer rates. Using two mouse models of colitis-associated cancer, we found that epidermal growth factor receptor inactivation accelerated the incidence and progression of colorectal tumors. By modulating inflammation and epithelial regeneration, epidermal growth factor receptor optimized the response to chronic inflammation and limited subsequent tumorigenesis. These findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer and suggest that epidermal growth factor-based therapies for IBD may reduce long-term cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Dubé
- The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marzaro G, Guiotto A, Chilin A. Quinazoline derivatives as potential anticancer agents: a patent review (2007 - 2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:223-52. [PMID: 22404097 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.665876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the increase in knowledge about cancer pathways, there is a growing interest in finding novel potential drugs. Quinazoline is one of the most widespread scaffolds amongst bioactive compounds. A number of patents and papers appear in the literature regarding the discovery and development of novel promising quinazoline compounds for cancer chemotherapy. Although there is a progressive decrease in the number of patents filed, there is an increasing number of biochemical targets for quinazoline compounds. AREAS COVERED This paper provides a comprehensive review of the quinazolines patented in 2007 - 2010 as potential anticancer agents. Information from articles published in international peer-reviewed journals was also included, to give a more exhaustive overview. EXPERT OPINION From about 1995 to 2006, the anticancer quinazolines panorama has been dominated by the 4-anilinoquinazolines as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The extensive researches conducted in this period could have caused the progressive reduction in the ability to file novel patents as shown in the 2007 - 2010 period. However, the growing knowledge of cancer-related pathways has recently highlighted some novel potential targets for therapy, with quinazolines receiving increasing attention. This is well demonstrated by the number of different targets of the patents considered in this review. The structural heterogeneity in the patented compounds makes it difficult to derive general pharmacophores and make comparisons among claimed compounds. On the other hand, the identification of multi-target compounds seems a reliable goal. Thus, it is reasonable that quinazoline compounds will be studied and developed for multi-target therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marzaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao Q, Liu ZD, Xue Y, Wang JF, Li H, Tang QJ, Wang YM, Dong P, Xue CH. Ds-echinoside A, a new triterpene glycoside derived from sea cucumber, exhibits antimetastatic activity via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 and VEGF expressions. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2011; 12:534-44. [PMID: 21726060 PMCID: PMC3134607 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ds-echinoside A (DSEA), a non-sulfated triterpene glycoside, was isolated from the sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei. In vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted on the effects of DSEA on tumor cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In this study, we found that DSEA inhibited the proliferation of human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells Hep G2, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 2.65 μmol/L, and suppressed Hep G2 cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. DSEA also reduced tube formation of human endothelial cells ECV-304 on matrigel in vitro and attenuated neovascularization in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in vivo. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that DSEA significantly decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which plays an important role in the degradation of basement membrane in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. DSEA also increased the protein expression level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), an important regulator of MMP-9 activation. From the results of Western blotting, the expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were found to be remarkably reduced by DSEA. These findings suggest that DSEA exhibits a significant anti-metastatic activity through the specific inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 and VEGF expressions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou G, Hasina R, Wroblewski K, Mankame TP, Doçi CL, Lingen MW. Dual inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor is an effective chemopreventive strategy in the mouse 4-NQO model of oral carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:1493-502. [PMID: 20978113 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, several factors, including field cancerization, have limited improvements in long-term survival for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, comprehensive treatment plans must include improved chemopreventive strategies. Using the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model, we tested the hypothesis that ZD6474 (Vandetanib, ZACTIMA) is an effective chemopreventive agent. CBA mice were fed 4-NQO (100 μg/mL) in their drinking water for 8 weeks and then randomized to no treatment or oral ZD6474 (25 mg/kg/d) for 24 weeks. The percentage of animals with OSCC was significantly different between the two groups (71% in control and 12% in the ZD6474 group; P ≤ 0.001). The percentage of mice with dysplasia or OSCC was significantly different (96% in the control and 28% in the ZD6474 group; P ≤ 0.001). Proliferation and microvessel density scores were significantly decreased in the ZD6474 group (P ≤ 0.001 for both). Although proliferation and microvessel density increased with histologic progression in control and treatment cohorts, epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 phosphorylation was decreased in the treatment group for each histologic diagnosis, including mice harboring tumors. OSCC from ZD6474-treated mice exhibited features of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as shown by loss E-cadherin and gain of vimentin protein expression. These data suggest that ZD6474 holds promise as an OSCC chemopreventive agent. They further suggest that acquired resistance to ZD6474 may be mediated by the expression of an epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype. Finally, the data suggests that this model is a useful preclinical platform to investigate the mechanisms of acquired resistance in the chemopreventive setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Zhou
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Q, Xue Y, Liu ZD, Li H, Wang JF, Li ZJ, Wang YM, Dong P, Xue CH. Differential effects of sulfated triterpene glycosides, holothurin A1, and 24-dehydroechinoside A, on antimetastasic activity via regulation of the MMP-9 signal pathway. J Food Sci 2010; 75:H280-8. [PMID: 21535601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two sulfated triterpene glycosides, holothurin A(1) (HA(1)) and 24-dehydroechinoside A (DHEA), isolated from the sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei, are of the holostane type with 18(20)-lactone and identical carbohydrate chains. DHEA has a side chain 23 (24)-double bond, while HA(1) has a hydroxyl group at C-21. In this study, we compared the effects of DHEA and HA(1) on metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The results show that HA(1) and DHEA treatment significantly suppressed adhesion of human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) to both matrigel and human endothelial cells (ECV-304) and inhibited HepG2 cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependant manner. HA(1) and DHEA reduced tube formation of ECV-304 cells on the matrigel in vitro and attenuated neovascularization in the chick embryo using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in vivo. Immunocytochemistry analyses revealed that both HA(1) and DHEA significantly decreased the expression of the matrix metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9) and increased the expression level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), an important regulator of MMP-9 activation. Western blot analyses demonstrated that HA(1) and DHEA remarkably abolished the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was significantly decreased by HA(1), while DHEA treatment had no effect on the down regulation of NF-κB expression. These data suggest that both DHEA and HA(1) exert significant antimetastatic activities by inhibiting MMP-9 and VEGF expression. DHEA-induced antimetastasis was more potent than HA(1). In addition, only HA(1) treatment downregulated the expression level of NF-κB, suggesting that the antimetastatic activity of triterpene glycosides derived from P. graeffei can be either NF-κB-dependent or -independent, depending on their structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean Univ. of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karoor V, Le M, Merrick D, Dempsey EC, Miller YE. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-targeted chemoprevention of murine lung tumors. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:1141-7. [PMID: 20647338 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
No clinically effective chemoprevention for lung cancer has been found. Angiogenesis is an early feature of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer. We investigated the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibition on lung carcinogenesis in a murine model of adenocarcinoma. The VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, vandetanib, was given to FVB/N mice in chow for 7 days at varying doses to show pharmacologic activity by inhibition of VEGF-mediated VEFGR-2 and ERK phosphorylation. Plasma levels corroborated adequate dosage. For chemoprevention experiments, mice were injected i.p. with 1 mg/g of urethane, a carcinogen found in tobacco smoke. Chow containing vandetanib, 75 mg/kg/d, or control chow was given to mice, starting 7 days after urethane administration. Sixteen weeks after urethane injection, mice were sacrificed, tumors enumerated and measured. Vandetanib resulted in reductions in tumor multiplicity (6.5 +/- 0.86 versus 1.0 +/- 0.30, P = 0.001) and average tumor volume (0.85 +/- 0.10 versus 0.15 +/- 0.09 mm(3), P = 0.001), but not incidence (71% versus 100%, P = ns), compared with control. As vandetanib has other activities besides VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibition, we gave the anti-VEGFR-2 monoclonal antibody, DC101, for weeks 11 to 15 of a urethane carcinogenesis protocol with an arrest in tumor volume increase, but no change in multiplicity or incidence. Further investigation of the chemopreventive effect of vandetanib and other VEGF signaling inhibitors is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Pulmonary 111A, 1055 Clermont Street, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matsunaka T, Miyamoto S, Shitara K, Ochiai A, Chiba T. Ligand-Specific Antibodies to Insulin-Like Growth Factors Suppress Intestinal Polyp Formation in Apc+/− Mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:419-28. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
19
|
Sale S, Fong IL, de Giovanni C, Landuzzi L, Brown K, Steward WP, Gescher AJ. APC10.1 cells as a model for assessing the efficacy of potential chemopreventive agents in the Apc(Min) mouse model in vivo. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:2731-5. [PMID: 19695862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Apc(Min) mice are widely used for mechanism and efficacy studies associated with the development of chemopreventive agents. APC10.1 cells have been derived from Apc(Min) mouse adenomas and retain the heterozygous Apc genotype. We tested the hypothesis that this cell type may provide an in vitro model to predict chemopreventive activity of agents in the Apc(Min) mouse in vivo. The growth inhibitory properties of 14 putative colorectal cancer chemopreventive agents, tricin, apigenin, 3',4',5',5,7-pentamethoxyflavone, resveratrol, curcumin, 3,4-methylenedioxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxychalcone (DMU135), 3,4,5,4'-tetramethoxystilbene (DMU212), celecoxib, aspirin, piroxicam, all-trans-retinoic acid, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside, were studied in this cell line, and the IC(50) values were calculated. The IC(50) values were plotted against previously published data of reduction of adenoma numbers caused by these agents in Apc(Min) mice. The correlation co-efficient was 0.678 (p<0.01), suggesting that there was a tentative correlation between the ability to inhibit the growth of APC10.1 cells and the ability to delay adenoma development in vivo. If this relationship is supported by using further agents, APC10.1 cells may serve in the future as an initial screen to prioritise compounds for assessing chemopreventive efficacy in Apc(Min) mice in vivo. Such a screen could reduce the number of animals required to find active agents, help reduce costs and increase throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Sale
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ebos JML, Lee CR, Kerbel RS. Tumor and host-mediated pathways of resistance and disease progression in response to antiangiogenic therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5020-5. [PMID: 19671869 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite early benefits seen in cancer patients treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway-targeted drugs, the clinical benefits obtained in terms of progression-free or overall survival have been more modest than expected. This outcome is, at least in part, due to antiangiogenic drug resistance mechanisms that involve pathways mediated largely by the tumor, whether intrinsic or acquired in response to therapy, or by the host, which is either responding directly to therapy or indirectly to tumoral cues. The focus of this review is to distinguish, where possible, between such host and tumor-mediated pathways of resistance and discuss key challenges facing the preclinical and clinical development of antiangiogenic agents, including potential differences in drug efficacies when treating primary tumors or various stages of metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M L Ebos
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Molecular and Cellular Biology Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jia HY, Wu JX, Zhu XF, Chen JM, Yang SP, Yan HJ, Tan L, Zeng YX, Huang W. ZD6474 inhibits Src kinase leading to apoptosis of imatinib-resistant K562 cells. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1512-9. [PMID: 19394692 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
ZD6474 is an orally available, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study explores the effect of ZD6474 on imatinib-resistant K562 cell lines, which show markedly increased SRC family kinases (SFKs) activity. ZD6474 induces growth arrest and apoptosis of imatinib-resistant and parental K562 cells, as well as inhibition of Src activity and its downstream effectors, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family. ZD6474 treatment also inhibits the activity of STAT3 and reactivation of its activity results in suppression of the anti-tumor effects of SFKs inhibitors. A single oral administration of ZD6474 produced dose-dependent inhibition of imatinib-resistant K562 cells xenograft tumors. These results suggest that clinical assessment of ZD6474 against imatinib-resistant CML is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dai L, Gu L, Ding C, Qiu L, Di W. TWEAK promotes ovarian cancer cell metastasis via NF-kappaB pathway activation and VEGF expression. Cancer Lett 2009; 283:159-67. [PMID: 19398263 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of human ovarian cancer is partly due to its metastasis and recurrence. It has been demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)-fibroblast growth factor inducible-14 (Fn14) signaling system may be a potential regulator of human tumorigenesis. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of TWEAK on ovarian cancer metastasis. We recently showed that activation of Fn14 signaling by TWEAK promoted cell migration and invasion in human HO-8910PM cells. Treating HO-8910PM cells with TWEAK resulted in the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and subsequently the translocation of NF-kappaB from cytoplasm to nucleus. In addition, TWEAK promoted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression, and this effect was dependent upon NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Blocking the NF-kappaB pathway with PDTC suppressed TWEAK-induced up-regulation of VEGF protein expression and cell metastasis. Our results suggest that TWEAK-Fn14 functions, in part, through the NF-kappaB signaling pathway to up-regulate VEGF expression to foster ovarian cancer cell metastasis. Targeted therapy against TWEAK-Fn14 signaling system as an adjuvant to surgery may improve clinical management of invasive ovarian cancer cells and advance the outcome of this devastating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Dai
- Department of OB/GYN, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sinnamon MJ, Carter KJ, Fingleton B, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to intestinal tumourigenesis in the adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia mouse. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 89:466-75. [PMID: 19134056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of 23 extracellular proteases that are best known for their collective ability to degrade all components of the extracellular matrix. We previously demonstrated that genetic ablation of MMP-7 reduced tumour multiplicity in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice possessing a genetic alteration in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC). These mice, commonly referred to as APC-Min mice, are a frequently used model of early intestinal tumourigenesis. To examine further the role of MMPs in intestinal tumour development, we generated APC-Min mice genetically deficient in MMP-2, -9, -12 or -19. Genetic ablation of MMP-2, -12 or -19 did not affect multiplicity or size of intestinal tumours when crossed into the APC-Min system. However, MMP-9 deficient animals developed 40% fewer tumours than littermate controls, although tumour size distribution remained unaffected. Intestinal adenomas from MMP-9 deficient mice demonstrated a 50% decrease in proliferating cells compared with control tissues, with no difference in apoptosis. To determine the cellular origin of MMP-9 in these tumours, immunofluorescent co-staining with markers for different leucocyte lineages was used to demonstrate that intratumoural MMP-9 is largely a product of neutrophils. These studies extend the potential targets for chemoprevention of intestinal adenomas to MMP-9 in addition to MMP-7 and exclude MMP-2,-12,-19 as attractive targets for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Sinnamon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6840, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boquoi A, Jover R, Chen T, Pennings M, Enders G. Transgenic expression of VEGF in intestinal epithelium drives mesenchymal cell interactions and epithelial neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:596-606.e4. [PMID: 19056388 PMCID: PMC2824597 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed robustly in human colon neoplasia and is a major new "rational" target of therapy for cancers of the colon and other organs. Nonetheless, the mechanism(s) of action of VEGF-targeted therapies and the biologic roles of VEGF in tumorigenesis have not been well defined. We used a transgenic approach to directly test the hypothesis that augmented VEGF expression can drive progression of intestinal neoplasia. METHODS Transgenic mouse lines were generated with moderate (vilVEGF1) and high (vilVEGF2) VEGF expression from the intestinal epithelium. vilVEGF1 mice were bred to Min mice (adenomatous polyposis coli [APC] +/-). Colon epithelial cells from an APC patient were cocultured with endothelial cells and fibroblasts. RESULTS vilVEGF mice were generally healthy but displayed red small intestines. Vessels were larger and more numerous in the submucosa but not the mucosa. The mucosa showed striking stromal and epithelial hypercellularity, with increased epithelial proliferation. Many crypts formed cysts composed of relatively undifferentiated epithelial cells surrounded by cells with endothelial and myofibroblast markers. Compared with Min controls, vilVEGF1-Min mice developed 6-fold more intestinal adenomas of all sizes, with more advanced histologic features. Polycystic masses were also observed. Coculture of human colonocytes with endothelial cells and fibroblasts directly stimulated colonocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Augmented VEGF expression from intestinal epithelium potently stimulated cross talk with mesenchymal cells and proliferation of normal and neoplastic epithelium. These effects of VEGF, largely occurring prior to the canonical angiogenic switch in tumors, may be in part independent of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Boquoi
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, Unidad de Gastroenterología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Tina Chen
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marieke Pennings
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Greg Enders
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Slevin M, Kumar P, Wang Q, Kumar S, Gaffney J, Grau-Olivares M, Krupinski J. New VEGF antagonists as possible therapeutic agents in vascular disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:1301-14. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.9.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|