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Paraboschi I, Privitera L, Kramer-Marek G, Anderson J, Giuliani S. Novel Treatments and Technologies Applied to the Cure of Neuroblastoma. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:482. [PMID: 34200194 PMCID: PMC8226870 DOI: 10.3390/children8060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour in childhood, accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer-related deaths in the paediatric population1. It is characterised by heterogeneous clinical behaviour in neonates and often adverse outcomes in toddlers. The overall survival of children with high-risk disease is around 40-50% despite the aggressive treatment protocols consisting of intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation2,3. There is an ongoing research effort to increase NB's cellular and molecular biology knowledge to translate essential findings into novel treatment strategies. This review aims to address new therapeutic modalities emerging from preclinical studies offering a unique translational opportunity for NB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paraboschi
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (I.P.); (L.P.)
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK;
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Laura Privitera
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (I.P.); (L.P.)
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK;
| | - John Anderson
- Cancer Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Stefano Giuliani
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional & Surgical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (I.P.); (L.P.)
- Department of Specialist Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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2
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Liebscher L, Weißenborn C, Langwisch S, Gohlke BO, Preissner R, Rabinovich GA, Christiansen N, Christiansen H, Zenclussen AC, Fest S. A minigene DNA vaccine encoding peptide epitopes derived from Galectin-1 has protective antitumoral effects in a model of neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 509:105-114. [PMID: 33848518 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, as a novel immune regulator in neuroblastoma (NB). Here, we characterized the tolerogenic function of Gal-1 within the CD8+ T cell compartment and further evaluated its relevance as an antigen for effective DNA vaccination against NB in a mouse model. NB cells with Gal-1 knockdown (NXS-2L) exhibited significantly reduced tumor growth compared to NXS-2 NB cells. Administration of anti-CD8 antibodies prevented this antitumor effect, with primary tumor growth comparable to that from Gal-1 (G1)-sufficient NB cells. Peptide epitope screening with online databases and in silico docking experiments predicted the sequences "FDQADLTI" (#1), "GDFKIKCV" (#2), and "AHGDANTI" (#3) to have superior H2-KK binding affinities and "KFPNRLNM" (#4), "DGDFKIKCV" (#5), and "LGKDSNNL" (#6) to have superior H2-DD binding affinities. Minigenes encoding G1-KK (#1-#2-#3), G1-DD (#4-#5-#6) and the triplet with the highest affinity, G1-H (#1-#2-#4), were generated and cloned into a ubiquitin-containing plasmid (pU). Mice receiving pU-G1-KK or pU-G-1H presented a reduction in the s.c. tumor volume and weight of up to 80% compared to control mice; this reduction was associated with increased cytotoxicity of isolated splenocytes from vaccinated animals. Vaccination with pUG1-DD showed a lower capability to suppress primary tumor progression. In conclusion, Gal-1 expression by NB negatively regulates CD8+ T cells. Vaccination with DNA plasmids encoding Gal-1 epitopes overcomes immune escape, enhances CD8+ T cell-dependent immunity and displays effective antitumor activity against NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Liebscher
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Weißenborn
- Pediatric Immunotherapy Group, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Langwisch
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Oliver Gohlke
- Department of Information Technology, Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Department of Information Technology, Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nina Christiansen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Christiansen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Fest
- Pediatric Immunotherapy Group, Medical Faculty, Otto-von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Academic Hospital of University Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany.
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Yadav PK, Gupta SK, Kumar S, Ghosh M, Yadav BS, Kumar D, Kumar A, Saini M, Kataria M. IL-18 immunoadjuvanted xenogeneic canine MMP-7 DNA vaccine overcomes immune tolerance and supresses the growth of murine mammary tumor. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106370. [PMID: 32155464 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis through proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix protein and basement membranes is promoted by Matrix metelloproteinases-7 (MMP-7). Consequently, MMP-7 is presumed as potential target for mammary cancer immunotherapy. However, MMP-7 is an endogenous tumor associated antigen (TAA); therefore, immunization is challenging. In current study, a potent anti-tumor immune response has been elicited through recombinant bivalent plasmid pVIVO2.IL18.cMMP7 which subside the highly metastatic 4 T1 cell line induced mammary tumors and efficiently negate the existing challenge of using MMP-7 as immunotherapeutic target. Balb/c mice were immunized with canine MMP-7 (cMMP-7) using interleukine-18 (IL-18), as an immunoadjuvant, to explore the potential of the combination regarding elicitation of a potent anti-tumor immune response. Mice vaccinated with pVIVO2.IL18.cMMP7 DNA plasmid reduced the tumor growth significantly along with augmentation of the immune response to fight against tumor antigen as depicted by substantial enrichment of CD4+ and CD8+ population in splenocytes, infiltration of immune system cells in tumor tissue and enhanced survival time of mice. Further, splenocyte supernatant examination of the cytokines revealed that Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) were remarkably up-regulated demonstrating the stimulation of cell-mediated immune response. Thus the current observations vividly portray that administration of xenogeneic MMP-7 DNA vaccine bypasses the tolerance barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shishir Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh Singh Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; University of Information Science & Technology St. Paul the apostle Partizanska bb., 6000 Ohrid, The Former Yugolav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidylaya, Jabalpur 482004, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohini Saini
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meena Kataria
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chen M, Xu G, Fan M, Jia H, Xiao L, Lang J. Anti-tumour effects of a xenogeneic fibroblast activation protein-based whole cell tumour vaccine in murine tumour models. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:4182-4193. [PMID: 31722575 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1687498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy, including tumour vaccines, is influenced by immunosuppressive factors in the tumour microenvironment. Among these factors, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their products, such as fibroblast activation protein-α (FAPα), greatly affect tumourigenesis, development, metastasis and treatment tolerance, which make them promising immunotherapy targets for cancer patients. Our previous study reported that a whole cell tumour vaccine (WCTV) expressing FAPα inhibited tumour growth by simultaneously attacking cancer cells and CAFs. This study aimed to improve WCTVs with xenoantigens to end immune tolerance and to further activate the adaptive immune system. In the present study, we designed a WCTV by transducing a vector encoding human FAPα (hFAPα) into murine tumour cells and evaluated its efficacy in multiple solid tumour models. Immunotherapy with this WCTV effectively delayed tumour growth and prevented recurrence. The anti-tumour responses were clearly linked to antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, whereas CD4(+) T lymphocytes also played a role. Humoural immune responses were activated because the adoptive transfer of immunoglobulins induced abscopal anti-tumour effects, and autoantibodies against FAPα were specifically detected in the sera of immunized mice. Moreover, an increased number of apoptotic tumour cells along with a reduced number of CAFs within the tumours suggest that xenogeneic FAPα-based WCTV has the potential to drive T cell and antibody responses against cancer cells and CAFs. This finding could offer an advanced strategy to treat multiple solid tumours with individualized cancer immunotherapy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyuan Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Marx M, Zumpe M, Troschke-Meurer S, Shah D, Lode HN, Siebert N. Co-expression of IL-15 enhances anti-neuroblastoma effectivity of a tyrosine hydroxylase-directed DNA vaccination in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207320. [PMID: 30452438 PMCID: PMC6242328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term survival of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) patients still remains under 50%. Here, we report the generation, in vitro characterization and anti-tumor effectivity of a new bicistronic xenogenic DNA vaccine encoding tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that is highly expressed in NB tumors, and the immune stimulating cytokine interleukin 15 (IL-15) that induces cytotoxic but not regulatory T cells. The DNA sequences of TH linked to ubiquitin and of IL-15 were integrated into the bicistronic expression vector pIRES. Successful production and bioactivity of the vaccine-derived IL-15- and TH protein were shown by ELISA, bioactivity assay and western blot analysis. Further, DNA vaccine-driven gene transfer to the antigen presenting cells of Peyer’s patches using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium that served as oral delivery system was shown by immunofluorescence analysis. The anti-tumor effect of the generated vaccine was evaluated in a syngeneic mouse model (A/J mice, n = 12) after immunization with S. typhimurium (3× prior and 3× after tumor implantation). Importantly, TH-/IL-15-based DNA vaccination resulted in an enhanced tumor remission in 45.5% of mice compared to controls (TH (16.7%), IL-15 (0%)) and reduced spontaneous metastasis (30.0%) compared to controls (TH (63.6%), IL-15 (70.0%)). Interestingly, similar levels of tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells were observed among all experimental groups. Finally, co-expression of IL-15 did not result in elevated regulatory T cell levels in tumor environment measured by flow cytometry. In conclusion, co-expression of the stimulatory cytokine IL-15 enhanced the NB-specific anti-tumor effectivity of a TH-directed vaccination in mice and may provide a novel immunological approach for NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Marx
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Maxi Zumpe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sascha Troschke-Meurer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Shah
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Neuroblastoma and Malignant Melanoma. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8097398. [PMID: 30510968 PMCID: PMC6232800 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8097398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) and malignant melanoma (MM), tumors of pediatric age and adulthood, respectively, share a common origin, both of them deriving from the neural crest cells. Although NB and MM have a different behavior, in respect to age of onset, primary tissue involvement and metastatic spread, the prognosis for high stage-affected patients is still poor, in spite of aggressive treatment strategies and the huge amount of new discovered biological knowledge. For these reasons researchers are continuously attempting to find out new treatment options, which in a near future could be translated to the clinical practice. In the last two decades, a strong effort has been spent in the field of translational research of immunotherapy which led to satisfactory results. Indeed, several immunotherapeutic clinical trials have been performed and some of them also resulted beneficial. Here, we summarize preclinical studies based on immunotherapeutic approaches applied in models of both NB and MM.
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Croce M, Corrias MV, Rigo V, Ferrini S. New immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:285-300. [PMID: 25804480 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is still poor, in spite of aggressive multimodal treatment. Recently, adjuvant immunotherapy with anti-GD2 antibodies combined with IL-2 or GM-CSF has been shown to improve survival. Several other immunotherapy strategies proved efficacy in preclinical models of NB, including different types of vaccines, adoptive cell therapies and combined approaches. The remarkable differences in the immunobiology of syngeneic models and human NB may, at least in part, limit the translation of preclinical therapies to a clinical setting. Nonetheless, several preliminary evidences suggest that new antibodies, cancer vaccines and adoptive transfer of lymphocytes, genetically engineered to acquire NB specificity, may result in clinical benefit, and clinical studies are currently ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Croce
- IRCCS-A.O.U. San-Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Biotherapy Unit c/o CBA Torre C2, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Stermann A, Huebener N, Seidel D, Fest S, Eschenburg G, Stauder M, Schramm A, Eggert A, Lode HN. Targeting of MYCN by means of DNA vaccination is effective against neuroblastoma in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1215-27. [PMID: 26076666 PMCID: PMC11028418 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The MYCN oncogene is a strong genetic marker associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB). Therefore, MYCN gene amplification and subsequent overexpression provide a possible target for new treatment approaches in NB. We first identified an inverse correlation of MYCN expression with CD45 mRNA in 101 NB tumor samples. KEGG mapping further revealed that MYCN expression was associated with immune-suppressive pathways characterized by a down-regulation of T cell activation and up-regulation of T cell inhibitory gene transcripts. We then aimed to investigate whether DNA vaccination against MYCN is effective to induce an antigen-specific and T cell-mediated immune response. For this purpose, we generated a MYCN-expressing syngeneic mouse model by MYCN gene transfer to NXS2 cells. MYCN-DNA vaccines were engineered based on the pCMV-F3Ub plasmid backbone to drive ubiquitinated full-length MYCN-cDNA and minigene expression. Vaccines were delivered orally with attenuated S. typhimurium strain SL7207 as a carrier. Immunization with both MYCN-DNA vaccines significantly reduced primary tumor growth of MYCN-expressing NB cells in contrast to negative controls. The immune response was mediated by tumor-infiltrating T cells in vivo, which revealed MYCN-specific and MHC class I-restricted lysis of inducible MYCN-expressing NB target cells in vitro. Finally, these antigen-specific T cells also killed MYCN-negative mammary carcinoma cells pulsed with MYCN peptides in contrast to controls. In summary, we demonstrate proof of concept that MYCN can be targeted by DNA vaccination, which may provide an approach to overcoming MYCN immune-suppressive activities in patients with MYCN-amplified disease.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Carcinoma/immunology
- Carcinoma/microbiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/microbiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental
- Neuroblastoma/genetics
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/microbiology
- Peptide Fragments
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Salmonella Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Salmonella typhimurium/immunology
- Transgenes/genetics
- Tumor Burden
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Stermann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole Huebener
- Genetics of Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Seidel
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Fest
- Department of Pediatrics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Georg Eschenburg
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Stauder
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Cavallo F, Aurisicchio L, Mancini R, Ciliberto G. Xenogene vaccination in the therapy of cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1427-42. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.927433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Strioga MM, Darinskas A, Pasukoniene V, Mlynska A, Ostapenko V, Schijns V. Xenogeneic therapeutic cancer vaccines as breakers of immune tolerance for clinical application: to use or not to use? Vaccine 2014; 32:4015-24. [PMID: 24837511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of firm evidence that clinically apparent cancer develops only when malignant cells manage to escape immunosurveillance led to the introduction of tumor immunotherapy strategies aiming to reprogramm the cancer-dysbalanced antitumor immunity and restore its capacity to control tumor growth. There are several immunotherapeutical strategies, among which specific active immunotherapy or therapeutic cancer vaccination is one of the most promising. It targets dendritic cells (DCs) which have a unique ability of inducing naive and central memory T cell-mediated immune response in the most efficient manner. DCs can be therapeutically targeted either in vivo/in situ or by ex vivo manipulations followed by their re-injection back into the same patient. The majority of current DC targeting strategies are based on autologous or allogeneic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) which possess various degrees of inherent tolerogenic potential. Therefore still limited efficacy of various tumor immunotherapy approaches may be attributed, among various other mechanisms, to the insufficient immunogenicity of self-protein-derived TAAs. Based on such an idea, the use of homologous xenogeneic antigens, derived from different species was suggested to overcome the natural immune tolerance to self TAAs. Xenoantigens are supposed to differ sufficiently from self antigens to a degree that renders them immunogenic, but at the same time preserves an optimal homology range with self proteins still allowing xenoantigens to induce cross-reactive T cells. Here we discuss the concept of xenogeneic vaccination, describe the cons and pros of autologous/allogeneic versus xenogeneic therapeutic cancer vaccines, present the results of various pre-clinical and several clinical studies and highlight the future perspectives of integrating xenovaccination into rapidly developing tumor immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius M Strioga
- Department of Immunology, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Adas Darinskas
- Department of Immunology, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vita Pasukoniene
- Department of Immunology, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Agata Mlynska
- Department of Immunology, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Valerijus Ostapenko
- Section of Breast Surgery, 3(rd) Department of Surgery, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Virgil Schijns
- Immune Intervention, Cell Biology & Immunology group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), Namur, Belgium.
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Zhang ZJ, Chen XH, Chang XH, Ye X, Li Y, Cui H. Human embryonic stem cells--a potential vaccine for ovarian cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4295-300. [PMID: 23167331 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a vaccine to induce an immune response and provide antitumor protection in a rat model. METHODS Cross-reactivity of antigens between hESCs and tumour cells was screened by immunohistochemistry. Fischer 344 rats were divided into 7 groups, with 6 rats in each, immunized with: Group 1, hESC; Group 2, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19; Group 3 PBS; Group 4, hESC; Group 5, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19; Group 6, PBS; Group 7, hESC only. At 1 (Groups 1-3) or 4 weeks (Groups 4-6) after the last vaccination, each rat was challenged intraperitoneally with NuTu-19. Tumor growth and animal survival were closely monitored. Rats immunized with H9 and NuTu- 19 were tested by Western blot analysis of rat orbital venous blood for cytokines produced by Th1 and Th2 cells. RESULTS hESCs presented tumour antigens, markers, and genes related to tumour growth, metastasis, and signal pathway interactions. The vaccine administered to rats in Group 1 led to significant antitumor responses and enhanced tumor rejection in rats with intraperitoneal inoculation of NuTu-19 cells compared to control groups. In contrast, rats in Group 4 did not display any elevation of antitumour responses. Western blot analysis found cross-reactivity among antibodies generated between H9 and NuTu-19. However, the cytokines did not show significant differences, and no side effects were detected. CONCLUSION hESC-based vaccination is a promising modality for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Juan Zhang
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a solid tumour that arises from the developing sympathetic nervous system. Over the past decade, our understanding of this disease has advanced tremendously. The future challenge is to apply the knowledge gained to developing risk-based therapies and, ultimately, improving outcome. In this Review we discuss the key discoveries in the developmental biology, molecular genetics and immunology of neuroblastoma, as well as new translational tools for bringing these promising scientific advances into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael A. Dyer
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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Berger E, Soldati R, Huebener N, Hohn O, Stermann A, Durmus T, Lobitz S, Zenclussen AC, Christiansen H, Lode HN, Fest S. Salmonella SL7207 application is the most effective DNA vaccine delivery method for successful tumor eradication in a murine model for neuroblastoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 331:167-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Chang X, Ye X, Li Y, Cui H. Vaccination with embryonic stem cells generates effective antitumor immunity against ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:147-53. [PMID: 23174760 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, only a few studies have suggested that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) might effectively immunize against colon and lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of hESCs as a vaccine to induce widespread antitumor effects in different animal models and various types of cancer. C57BL/6 mice with ID8 ovarian cancer cell and Fischer 344 rats with NuTu-19 ovarian cancer cell models were used. Fifty-four mice were divided into six groups with nine mice in each group. Each mouse was immunized with pre-inactivated hESCs (H9) or mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs; IVP-ES1) or ID8 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group, each rat immunized with pre-inactivated hESCs (H9) or NuTu-19 or PBS. After the vaccination, each mouse was challenged with live ID8 cells subcutaneously, and each rat was challenged with live NuTu-19 cells intraperitoneally. We discovered that vaccination of mice with the hESC line H9 and the mESC line IVP-ES1 generated consistent cellular and humoral immune responses against ID8 ovarian cancer. H9 and IVP-ES1 vaccinated mice obtained antitumor immune protection, and H9 vaccinated rats had the longest survival time and least distant metastases. No evidence of side-effects was observed. We also compared the immunogenicity against ovarian cancer between the hESC line, H9, and the mESC line, IVP-ES1, that derived from the inner cell mass in different species. We found that there were no significant differences between them. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed that several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, such as HER-2, C-myc, p53, and nm23, were expressed in H9, many of which were also shared by ovarian cancer. hESC vaccines can induce antitumor effects in two animal models and in ovarian cancer, indicating that the activity of the vaccine is universal, and, more importantly, it is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujuan Zhang
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
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15
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Seeger RC. Immunology and immunotherapy of neuroblastoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 21:229-37. [PMID: 21971567 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review demonstrates the importance of immunobiology and immunotherapy research for understanding and treating neuroblastoma. PRINCIPAL RESULTS The first suggestions of immune system-neuroblastoma interactions came from in vitro experiments showing that lymphocytes from patients were cytotoxic for their own tumor cells and from evaluations of tumors from patients that showed infiltrations of immune system cells. With the development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology, a number of mAbs were generated against neuroblastoma cells lines and were used to define tumor associated antigens. Disialoganglioside (GD2) is one such antigen that is highly expressed by virtually all neuroblastoma cells and so is a useful target for both identification and treatment of tumor cells with mAbs. Preclinical research using in vitro and transplantable tumor models of neuroblastoma has demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can specifically recognize and kill tumor cells as a result of vaccination or of genetic engineering that endows them with chimeric antigen receptors. However, CTL based clinical trials have not progressed beyond pilot and phase I studies. In contrast, anti-GD2 mAbs have been extensively studied and modified in pre-clinical experiments and have progressed from phase I through phase III clinical trials. Thus, the one proven beneficial immunotherapy for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma uses a chimeric anti-GD2 mAb combined with IL-2 and GM-CSF to treat patients after they have received intensive cyto-reductive chemotherapy, irradiation, and surgery. Ongoing pre-clinical and clinical research emphasizes vaccine, adoptive cell therapy, and mAb strategies. Recently it was shown that the neuroblastoma microenvironment is immunosuppressive and tumor growth promoting, and strategies to overcome this are being developed to enhance anti-tumor immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our understanding of the immunobiology of neuroblastoma has increased immensely over the past 40 years, and clinical translation has shown that mAb based immunotherapy can contribute to improving treatment for high-risk patients. Continued immunobiology and pre-clinical therapeutic research will be translated into even more effective immunotherapeutic strategies that will be integrated with new cytotoxic drug and irradiation therapies to improve survival and quality of life for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Seeger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States.
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DNA vaccination: using the patient's immune system to overcome cancer. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2010:169484. [PMID: 21197271 PMCID: PMC3010826 DOI: 10.1155/2010/169484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most challenging diseases of today. Optimization of standard treatment protocols consisting of the main columns of chemo- and radiotherapy followed or preceded by surgical intervention is often limited by toxic side effects and induction of concomitant malignancies and/or development of resistant mechanisms. This requires the development of therapeutic strategies which are as effective as standard therapies but permit the patients a life without severe negative side effects. Along this line, the development of immunotherapy in general and the innovative concept of DNA vaccination in particular may provide a venue to achieve this goal. Using the patient's own immune system by activation of humoral and cellular immune responses to target the cancer cells has shown first promising results in clinical trials and may allow reduced toxicity standard therapy regimen in the future. The main challenge of this concept is to transfer the plethora of convincing preclinical and early clinical results to an effective treatment of patients.
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CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can act separately in tumour rejection after immunization with murine pneumotropic virus chimeric Her2/neu virus-like particles. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11580. [PMID: 20657846 PMCID: PMC2906518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunization with murine pneumotropic virus virus-like particles carrying Her2/neu (Her2MPtVLPs) prevents tumour outgrowth in mice when given prophylactically, and therapeutically if combined with the adjuvant CpG. We investigated which components of the immune system are involved in tumour rejection, and whether long-term immunological memory can be obtained. Methodology and Results During the effector phase in BALB/c mice, only depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ in combination, with or without NK cells, completely abrogated tumour protection. Depletion of single CD4+, CD8+ or NK cell populations only had minor effects. During the immunization/induction phase, combined depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells abolished protection, while depletion of each individual subset had no or negligible effect. When tumour rejection was studied in knock-out mice with a C57Bl/6 background, protection was lost in CD4−/−CD8−/− and CD4−/−, but not in CD8−/− mice. In contrast, when normal C57Bl/6 mice were depleted of different cell types, protection was lost irrespective of whether only CD4+, only CD8+, or CD4+ and CD8+ cells in combination were eradicated. No anti-Her2/neu antibodies were detected but a Her2/neu-specific IFNγ response was seen. Studies of long-term memory showed that BALB/c mice could be protected against tumour development when immunized together with CpG as long as ten weeks before challenge. Conclusion Her2MPtVLP immunization is efficient in stimulating several compartments of the immune system, and induces an efficient immune response including long-term memory. In addition, when depleting mice of isolated cellular compartments, tumour protection is not as efficiently abolished as when depleting several immune compartments together.
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