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Wu Y, Arroyo-Currás N. Nucleic Acid-based Electrochemical Sensors Facilitate the Study of DNA Binding by Platinum (II)-based Antineoplastics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312402. [PMID: 38227790 PMCID: PMC10939885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
DNA crosslinking agents such as cisplatin and related platinum(II) analogs are effective drugs to treat solid tumors. However, these therapeutics can cause high toxicity in the body, and tumors can develop resistance to them. To develop less toxic and more effective DNA crosslinkers, medicinal chemists have focused on tuning the ligands in square planar platinum(II) complexes to modulate their bioavailability, targeted cell penetration, and DNA binding rates. Unfortunately, linking in vitro DNA binding capacity of DNA crosslinkers with their in vivo efficacy has proven challenging. Here we report an electrochemical biosensor strategy that allows the study of platinum(II)-DNA binding in real time. Our biosensors contain a purine-rich deoxynucleotide sequence, T6 (AG)10 , modified with a 5' hexylthiol linker for easy self-assembly onto gold electrodes. The 3' terminus is functionalized with the redox reporter methylene blue. Electron transfer from methylene blue to the sensor is a function of platinum(II) compound concentration and reaction time. Using these biosensors, we resolve DNA binding mechanisms including monovalent and bivalent binding, as well as base stacking. Our approach can measure DNA binding kinetics in buffers and in 50 % serum, offering a single-step, real-time approach to screen therapeutic compounds during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205 (United States)
| | - Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205 (United States)
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2
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Deng Z, Chen S, Liu G, Zhu G. Unlocking the potential of platinum drugs: organelle-targeted small-molecule platinum complexes for improved anticancer performance. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:1003-1013. [PMID: 38033725 PMCID: PMC10685827 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs have revolutionized cancer chemotherapy; however, their therapeutic efficacy has been limited by severe side effects and drug resistance. Recently, approaches that target specific organelles in cancer cells have emerged as attractive alternatives to overcome these challenges. Many studies have validated these strategies and highlighted that organelle-targeted platinum complexes demonstrate increased anticancer activity, the ability to overcome drug resistance, novel molecular mechanisms, or even lower toxicity. This review provides a brief summary of various organelle-targeting strategies that promote the accumulation of platinum complexes in certain intracellular areas, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lysosomes. Moreover, the mechanisms through which these strategies improve anticancer performance, overcome drug resistance, and alter the action mode of conventional platinum drugs are discussed. By providing an extensive account of platinum complexes targeting different organelles, this review aims to assist researchers in understanding the design principles, identifying potential targets, and fostering innovative ideas for the development of platinum complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Gongyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
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3
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Mitchell RJ, Kriger SM, Fenton AD, Havrylyuk D, Pandeya A, Sun Y, Smith T, DeRouchey JE, Unrine JM, Oza V, Blackburn JS, Wei Y, Heidary DK, Glazer EC. A monoadduct generating Ru(ii) complex induces ribosome biogenesis stress and is a molecular mimic of phenanthriplatin. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:344-353. [PMID: 37181632 PMCID: PMC10170627 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes are often investigated as potential replacements for platinum-based chemotherapeutics in hopes of identifying systems with improved tolerability in vivo and reduced susceptibility to cellular resistance mechanisms. Inspired by phenanthriplatin, a non-traditional platinum agent that contains only one labile ligand, monofunctional ruthenium polypyridyl agents have been developed, but until now, few demonstrated promising anticancer activity. Here we introduce a potent new scaffold, based on [Ru(tpy)(dip)Cl]Cl (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) in pursuit of effective Ru(ii)-based monofunctional agents. Notably, the extension of the terpyridine at the 4' position with an aromatic ring resulted in a molecule that was cytotoxic in several cancer cell lines with sub-micromolar IC50 values, induced ribosome biogenesis stress, and exhibited minimal zebrafish embryo toxicity. This study demonstrates the successful design of a Ru(ii) agent that mimics many of the biological effects and phenotypes seen with phenanthriplatin, despite numerous differences in both the ligands and metal center structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky 505 Rose St. Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Sarah M Kriger
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University 2620 Yarbrough DriveRaleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Alexander D Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky 505 Rose St. Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Dmytro Havrylyuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky 505 Rose St. Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Ankit Pandeya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky 505 Rose St. Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky 505 Rose St. Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Tami Smith
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky 1100 S. Limestone St Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Jason E DeRouchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky 505 Rose St. Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky 1100 S. Limestone St Lexington KY 40546 USA
| | - Viral Oza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky 741 S. Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky 741 S. Limestone St. Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky 505 Rose St. Lexington KY 40506 USA
| | - David K Heidary
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University 2620 Yarbrough DriveRaleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Edith C Glazer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University 2620 Yarbrough DriveRaleigh NC 27695 USA
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4
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Soldatović TV, Šmit B, Mrkalić EM, Matić SL, Jelić RM, Serafinović MĆ, Gligorijević N, Čavić M, Aranđelović S, Grgurić-Šipka S. Exploring heterometallic bridged Pt(II)-Zn(II) complexes as potential antitumor agents. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112100. [PMID: 36535193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The four novel complexes [{cis-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-4,4'-bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpy)}](ClO4)2 (C1), [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-4,4'-bipyridyl)ZnCl(terpy)}](ClO4)2 (C2), [{cis-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-pyrazine)ZnCl(terpy)}](ClO4)2 (C3) and [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2(μ-pyrazine)ZnCl(terpy)}](ClO4)2 (C4) (where terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) were synthesized and characterized. Acid-base titrations and concentration dependent kinetic measurements for the reactions with biologically relevant ligands such as guanosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP), inosine-5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) and glutathione (GSH), were studied at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. The binding of the heterometallic bridged cis- or trans-Pt(II)-Zn(II) complexes to calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was studied by UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy and molecular docking. The results indicated that the complexes bind strongly to DNA, through groove binding, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic or electrostatic interaction. The possible in vitro DNA protective effect of cis- and trans-Pt-L-Zn complexes has shown that C3 had significant dose-dependent DNA-protective effect and the same ability to inhibit peroxyl as well as hydroxyl radicals. Antiproliferative effect of the complexes, mRNA expression of apoptosis and repair-related genes after treatment in cancer cells indicated that newly synthesized C2 exhibited highly selective cytotoxicity toward colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Only treatment with trans analog C2 induced effect similar to the typical DNA damaging agent such as cisplatin, characterized by p53 mediated cell response, cell cycle arrest and certain induction of apoptotic related genes. Both cis- and trans-isomers C1 and C2 showed potency to elicit expression of PARP1 mRNA and in vitro DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja V Soldatović
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića bb, Novi Pazar 36300, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Šmit
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Emina M Mrkalić
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Sanja Lj Matić
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Ratomir M Jelić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Marina Ćendić Serafinović
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Nevenka Gligorijević
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Milena Čavić
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Sandra Aranđelović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Sanja Grgurić-Šipka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
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5
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Barretta P, Ponte F, Scoditti S, Vigna V, Mazzone G, Sicilia E. Computational Analysis of the Behavior of BODIPY Decorated Monofunctional Platinum(II) Complexes in the Dark and under Light Irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7159-7167. [PMID: 36194386 PMCID: PMC9574924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual-action drugs are occupying an important place in the scientific landscape of cancer research owing to the possibility to combine different therapeutic strategies into a single molecule. In the present work, the behavior of two BODIPY-appended monofunctional Pt(II) complexes, one mononuclear and one binuclear, recently synthesized and tested for their cytotoxicity have been explored both in the dark and under light irradiation. Quantum mechanical DFT calculations have been used to carry out the exploration of the key steps, aquation and guanine attack, of the mechanism of action of Pt(II) complexes in the dark. Due to the presence of the BODIPY chromophore and the potential capability of the two investigated complexes to work as photosensitizers in PDT, time dependent DFT has been employed to calculate their photophysical properties and to inspect how the sensitizing properties of BODIPY are affected by the presence of the platinum "heavy atom". Furthermore, also the eventual influence on of the photophysical properties due to the displacement of chlorido ligands by water and of water by guanine has been taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierraffaele Barretta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vigna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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6
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Platinum(IV) Complexes of the 1,3,5-Triamino Analogue of the Biomolecule Cis-Inositol Designed as Innovative Antineoplastic Drug Candidates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102057. [PMID: 36297500 PMCID: PMC9611922 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal complexes occupy a special place in the field of treatment and diagnostics. Their main advantages stem from the possibility of fine-tuning their thermodynamic properties and kinetic behavior in the biological milieu by applying different approaches such as properly constructed inner coordination sphere, appropriate choice of ligands, metal oxidation state, redox potential, etc., which are specific to these compounds. Here we discuss the design and synthesis of two octahedral cationic Pt(IV) complexes of the tridentate ligand all-cis-2,4,6-triaminocyclohexane-1,3,5-triol (taci) with composition, fac-[Pt(taci)I3]+, 1 and bis-[Pt(taci)2]4+, 2 as well as the potential for their application as antineoplastic agents. The complexes have been isolated in a solid state as: fac-[Pt(taci)I3]I·3H2O (1A), fac-[Pt(taci)I3]I (1B), fac-[Pt(taci)I3]I·2DMF (1C), bis-[Pt(taci)2](CO3)2·6H2O (2A) by changing the acidity of the reaction systems, the molar ratios of the reagents and the counterions, and by re-crystallization. The ligand taci is coordinated through the NH2-groups, each molecule occupying three coordination places in the inner coordination sphere of Pt(IV). Monitoring of the hydrolysis processes of 1A and 2A at different acidity showed that while 2A remained stable over the study period, the I−-ions in 1A were successively substituted, with the main product under physiologically mimetic conditions being fac,cis-[Pt(taci)I(OH)2]+ (h2). The antiproliferative tests involved eight cancer cell models, among which chemosensitive (derived from leukemias and solid tumors) and chemoresistant human Acute myeloid leukemia lines (HL-60/Dox, HL-60/CDDP), as well as the non-malignant kidney’ cells HEK-293T showed that the complexes 1A and 2A are characterized by a fundamentally different profile of chemosensitivity and spectrum of cytotoxic activity compared to cisplatin. The new Pt(IV) complexes were shown to be more effective in selectively inhibiting the proliferation of human malignant cells compared to cisplatin. Remarkable activity was recorded for 1A, which showed an effect (IC50 = 8.9 ± 2.4) at more than 16-fold lower concentration than cisplatin (IC50 = 144.4 ± 9.8) against the resistant cell line HL-60/CDDP. In parallel, 1A exhibited virtually the same cytotoxic effect against the parental HL-60 cells (IC50 = 9.0 ± 1.2), where cisplatin displays comparable chemosensitivity (IC50 = 8.3 ± 0.8). The determined resistance indices (RI~1) show unequivocally that the resistant lines are sensitive to both compounds tested; therefore, they are capable of overcoming the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. The structural features of these compounds and their promising pharmacological properties justify their inclusion in the group of “non-classical metal-based antitumor compounds” and are a prerequisite for the admission of alternative mechanisms of action.
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7
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Kuczak M, Musiał M, Malarz K, Rurka P, Zorębski E, Musioł R, Dzida M, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A. Anticancer potential and through study of the cytotoxicity mechanism of ionic liquids that are based on the trifluoromethanesulfonate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128160. [PMID: 34979392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are known for their unique physicochemical properties. However, despite the great number of published papers, still little attention has been paid to their biological activity. Anticancer potential and the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of these compounds are especially interesting and still unexplored. In the current work, a broad analysis of the cytotoxicity towards colon and breast cancers as well as glioblastoma of the ILs with pyridinium, piperidinium, pyrrolidinium, and imidazolium cations and trifluoromethanesulfonate or bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions indicated previously as the most toxic for normal human dermal fibroblasts were presented. In the case of MCF-7 cells, the activity of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate was more than twice as high as cisplatin. It was found that the inhibition of the cell cycle of colon cancer and glioblastoma cells occurs in different phases. More importantly, the different types of cell death were detected for both selected ILs, namely 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethane-sulfonate, on colon cancer and glioblastoma, respectively, apoptosis and autophagy, confirmed at the gene and protein levels. Additionally, kinetic studies of the reactive oxygen species indicated that the tested ILs disturbed the cellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Kuczak
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Musiał
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Patryk Rurka
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Edward Zorębski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Dzida
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
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Bera A, Gautam S, Raza MK, Pal AK, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. BODIPY-dipicolylamine complexes of platinum(II): X-ray structure, cellular imaging and organelle-specific near-IR light type-II PDT. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3925-3936. [PMID: 35170587 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dipicolylamine (dpa) based platinum(II) complexes [Pt(L1-3)Cl]Cl (1-3), where L2 and L3 are green and red light BODIPY-tagged dpa ligands and L1 is a benzyl derivative of dpa, were synthesized and characterized and their in vitro cytotoxicity was studied. The perchlorate salt of complex 2 was structurally characterized. It showed a PtN3Cl core with a deformed square-planar geometry. At pH 7.2, complexes 2 and 3 showed strong absorption bands at 500 nm (ε ∼6.8 × 104 dm3 mol-1 cm-1) and 653 nm (ε ∼1.0 × 105 dm3 mol-1 cm-1) in a 1 : 1 (v/v) mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DMSO/DPBS), respectively. They displayed respective emission bands at 515 and 677 nm having fluorescence quantum yield values of 0.36 and 0.25. Complex 3 generated singlet oxygen, as evidenced from the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran titration experiments and mechanistic DNA photocleavage study. It showed high photocytotoxicity in red light (600-720 nm) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 1.73 and 2.67 μM in HeLa and A549 cells. The complexes showed significantly reduced chemo-PDT activity in a non-cancerous HPL1D cell line and in the dark. The 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay revealed reactive oxygen species-mediated type-II photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity. Cellular imaging of A549 cancer cells using complexes 2 and 3 revealed their preferential localization in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The annexin V-FITC/PI assay confirmed apoptotic cell damage. Cell cycle analysis indicated arrest in the G1 phase upon red light irradiation. Pt-DNA adduct formation was proposed from a DNA binding experiment with green light active complex 2 and 9-ethylguanine as a nucleobase from the mass spectral study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Srishti Gautam
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Apurba Kumar Pal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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9
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New [Pt(S2CNR2)Cl(PAr3)] complexes as anticancer agents. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Basaleh AS, Howsaui HB, Sharfalddin AA, Hussien MA. Substitution effect on new Schiff base ligand in complexation with some divalent metal ion; synthesis, characterization, DFT and cytotoxicity studies. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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11
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Cheng X, Ye YL, Zhang L, Zheng KW, Li XH, Sun WM. A theoretical study of the mono-substituent effect of superhalogens on the geometric structure, electronic properties, and hydrolysis of cisplatin. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Qing Y, Bayley H. Enzymeless DNA Base Identification by Chemical Stepping in a Nanopore. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18181-18187. [PMID: 34669377 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise movement of a single biopolymer strand through a nanoscopic detector for the sequential identification of its building blocks offers a universal means for single-molecule sequencing. This principle has been implemented in portable sequencers that use enzymes to move DNA or RNA through hundreds of individual nanopore detectors positioned in an array. Nevertheless, its application to the sequencing of other biopolymers, including polypeptides and polysaccharides, has not progressed because suitable enzymes are lacking. Recently, we devised a purely chemical means to move molecules processively in steps comparable to the repeat distances in biopolymers. Here, with this chemical approach, we demonstrate sequential nucleobase identification during DNA translocation through a nanopore. Further, the relative location of a guanine modification with a chemotherapeutic platinum derivative is pinpointed with single-base resolution. After further development, chemical translocation might replace stepping by enzymes for highly parallel single-molecule biopolymer sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Hagan Bayley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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13
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Imran M, Rehman ZU, Hogarth G, Tocher DA, Chaudhry GES, Butler IS, Bélanger-Gariepy F, Kondratyuk T. Two new monofunctional platinum(II) dithiocarbamate complexes: phenanthriplatin-type axial protection, equatorial-axial conformational isomerism, and anticancer and DNA binding studies. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:15385-15396. [PMID: 33140800 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of two platinum(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes (1 and 2) that show quinoplatin- and phenanthriplatin-type axial protection of the Pt-plane are described. The Pt-plane of complex 2 is axially more protected than that of complex 1. Furthermore, both complexes adopt two different stereochemical conformations in the solid state (based on single-crystal X-ray structures) owing to the structurally flexible piperazine backbone; i.e., C-e,e-Anti (1) and C-e,a-Syn (2), where "C" stands for the chair configuration, "e" and "a" stand for the equatorial and axial positions and "Anti" (opposite side) and "Syn" (same side) represent the relative orientations in space of the terminal substituents on the piperazine ring. In complex 2, the C-e,a-Syn conformation may provide additional steric hindrance to the Pt-plane. Despite the lower lipophilicity of 2 as compared to that of 1, the in vitro anticancer action against selected cancer cell lines is better for the former revealing the superior role of the axial protection over lipophilicity in modulating anticancer activity. The activity against the cancer promoting protein NF-κB signifies that the mode of cancer cell death may be the result of hindering the activity of NF-κB in the initiation of apoptosis. The apoptotic mode of cell death has been established earlier in a study using Annexin V-FITC. Finally, DNA binding studies revealed that the complex-DNA adduct formation is spontaneous and the mode of interaction is non-intercalative (electrostatic/covalent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Graeme Hogarth
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Derek A Tocher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1 0AJ, UK
| | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, 21030, Malaysia
| | - Ian S Butler
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Tamara Kondratyuk
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, USA
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14
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Ramu V, Kundu P, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Maloplatin-B, a Cisplatin-Based BODIPY-Tagged Mito-Specific "Chemo-PDT" Agent Active in Red Light. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6410-6420. [PMID: 33843212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maloplatin-B, a cisplatin-based complex, namely [Pt(A-BOD)(NH3)2](NO3) (Pt-A-BOD) with a pendant boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety, where HA-BOD is a methyl malonyl chloride derived monostyryl BODIPY ligand, was designed and developed as near-IR light (600-720 nm) organelle-targeting photodynamic therapy agent. The complex [Pt(acac)(NH3)2](NO3) (Pt-Ac) was used as a control. Pt-A-BOD displayed an absorption band at 616 nm (ε = 2.9 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide/Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMSO/DMEM, pH 7.2). This complex displayed a broad emission band within 650-850 nm with a λem value of 720 nm in 10% DMSO-DMEM (pH 7.2) upon excitation (λex) at 615 nm with a large Stokes shift. The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) value for Pt-A-BOD is 0.032 and for the ligand HA-BOD is 0.24. The BODIPY complex and ligand showed the formation of singlet oxygen as the ROS (reactive oxygen species) on irradiation with near-IR red light of 660 nm, as evidenced from a 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) assay. The complex displayed remarkable apoptotic NIR light-induced PDT activity with half-maximum inhibitory concentration values (IC50) of 1.6-2.4 μM in A549 lung and HeLa cervical cancer cells, while it was less active in the dark. The cellular ROS generation by the complex in red light was ascertained by a DCFDA (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate) assay. Cellular imaging showed its localization primarily in the mitochondria of A549 cancer cells. The JC1 and Annexin-V FITC/PI assays carried out for A549 cancer cells treated with the BODIPY complex showed the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic cell death on near-IR red light (600-720 nm) irradiation, respectively.
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15
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Scoditti S, Dabbish E, Sicilia E. Is the cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin dependent on the specific size of the phenanthridine ligand π system? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111447. [PMID: 33798829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional Pt(II) drug phenanthriplatin is a leading preclinical anticancer drug, whose main characteristic is the presence of the extended aromatic system of the phenanthridine ligand, which allows intercalation. Intercalation, in turn, induces DNA unwinding and facilitates DNA binding. Aiming at verifying to what extent the peculiar cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin depends on the specific size of the aromatic system, two phenanthriplatin derivatives have been designed increasing the number of the rings in the N-heterocyclic ligand, and their reactivity has been computationally investigated. Both quantum mechanical DFT computations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to investigate some of the aspects that are considered important for the activity of Pt(II) monofunctional complexes. In particular, the substitution of the chlorido ligand with water, subsequent interaction of the aquated complexes with guanine as a model, eventual deactivation by the model N-acetyl methionine as well as intercalation into, binding to and distortion of DNA have been examined. The outcomes of such analysis have been compared with the analogous ones for the phenanthriplatin complex in order to highlight how the addition of one more ring to the phenanthridine ligand and, eventually, its identity influence the reactivity and, consequently, the cytotoxic profile of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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16
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Mitchell L, Shen C, Timmins HC, Park SB, New EJ. A Versatile Fluorescent Sensor Array for Platinum Anticancer Drug Detection in Biological Fluids. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1261-1269. [PMID: 33595280 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Platinum complexes remain frontline anticancer therapies, even after 50 years of usage in clinical applications. However, there is still a lack of methodology to robustly detect and quantify these complexes in biological fluids. We report here a fluorescent sensor array comprising six sensors that demonstrates progress toward the detection of platinum levels in chemotherapy patients. Linear discriminant analysis was performed to examine each multidimensional data set, and the array was able to discriminate platinum from other biologically relevant metals and heavy metals and separately able to differentiate and identify platinum complexes with different coordination environments with 100% accuracy. Finally, the array showed sensitivity to various cisplatin and oxaliplatin concentrations in human plasma and was able to discriminate between a cohort of 27 cancer patients at different stages of platinum treatment. We envisage that our array system could lead to a better understanding of blood platinum concentrations of chemotherapy patients and could inform the modification of dosage regimes to minimize dose-limiting side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Clara Shen
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hannah C. Timmins
- Brain & Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Susanna B. Park
- Brain & Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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17
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Monofunctional Platinum(II) Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020133. [PMID: 33562293 PMCID: PMC7915149 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs represented by cisplatin play important roles in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, their applications are largely compromised by drug resistance and side effects. Much effort has been made to circumvent the drug resistance and general toxicity of these drugs. Among multifarious designs, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes with a general formula of [Pt(3A)Cl]+ (A: Ammonia or amine) stand out as a class of "non-traditional" anticancer agents hopeful to overcome the defects of current platinum drugs. This review aims to summarize the development of monofunctional platinum(II) complexes in recent years. They are classified into four categories: fluorescent complexes, photoactive complexes, targeted complexes, and miscellaneous complexes. The intention behind the designs is either to visualize the cellular distribution, or to reduce the side effects, or to improve the tumor selectivity, or inhibit the cancer cells through non-DNA targets. The information provided by this review may inspire researchers to conceive more innovative complexes with potent efficacy to shake off the drawbacks of platinum anticancer drugs.
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18
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Lang DK, Kaur R, Arora R, Saini B, Arora S. Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: An Overview. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:2150-2168. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200705214917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is spreading all over the world, and it is becoming the leading cause of major
deaths. Today’s most difficult task for every researcher is to invent a new drug that can treat cancer with minimal
side effects. Many factors, including pollution, modern lifestyle and food habits, exposure to oncogenic
agents or radiations, enhanced industrialization, etc. can cause cancer. Treatment of cancer is done by various
methods that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy in combination or singly along
with kinase inhibitors. Most of the anti-cancer drugs use the concept of kinase inhibition.
Objective:
The number of drugs being used in chemotherapy has heterocycles as their basic structure in spite of
various side effects. Medicinal chemists are focusing on nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds like pyrrole,
pyrrolidine, pyridine, imidazole, pyrimidines, pyrazole, indole, quinoline, oxadiazole, azole, benzimidazole,
etc. as the key building blocks to develop active biological compounds. The aim of this study is to attempt
to compile a dataset of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs.
Methods:
We adopted a structural search on notorious journal publication websites and electronic databases
such as Bentham Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, etc. for the collection of peer-reviewed
research and review articles for the present review. The quality papers were retrieved, studied, categorized into
different sections, analyzed and used for article writing.
Conclusion:
As per FDA databases, nitrogen-based heterocycles in the drug design are almost 60% of unique
small-molecule drugs. Some of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs are Axitinib, Bosutinib,
Cediranib, Dasatanib (Sprycel®), Erlotinib (Tarceva®), Gefitinib (Iressa®), Imatinib (Gleevec®), Lapatinib (Tykerb
®), Linifanib, Sorafenib (Nexavar®), Sunitinib (Sutent®), Tivozanib, etc. In the present review, we shall focus
on the overview of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic active compounds as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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19
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Kaur J, Chikate T, Bandyopadhyay P, Basu S, Chikate R. Cu(II) complexes of hydrazones–NSAID conjugates: synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1843160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Post-graduate and Research Center, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, India
- Department of Chemistry, Fergusson College, Pune, India
| | - Tanmayee Chikate
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Cancer and Translational Research Laboratory, Pune, India
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas, Arlington, USA
| | | | - Soumya Basu
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Cancer and Translational Research Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Rajeev Chikate
- Department of Chemistry, Post-graduate and Research Center, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, India
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20
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Kashif Amir M, Hogarth G, Khan Z, Imran M, Zia-ur-Rehman. Platinum(II) dithiocarbamate complexes [Pt(S2CNR2)Cl(PAr3)] as anticancer and DNA-damaging agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Dabbish E, Ritacca AG, Mazzone G, Sicilia E. A comparative computational mechanistic study on derivatives of pyriplatin, modified with the –CH2Ph3P+ group, as anticancer complexes targeting mitochondria. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Elhassanny AEM, Soliman E, Marie M, McGuire P, Gul W, ElSohly M, Van Dross R. Heme-Dependent ER Stress Apoptosis: A Mechanism for the Selective Toxicity of the Dihydroartemisinin, NSC735847, in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:965. [PMID: 32626657 PMCID: PMC7313430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Artemisinin derivatives, including the dihydroartemisinin (DHA) monomers, are widely used as clinical agents for the treatment of malaria. Numerous studies demonstrate that these molecules also display antineoplastic activity with minimal toxicity. Of interest, dimeric DHA molecules are more active than their monomeric counterparts. Our previous data showed that the DHA dimer, NSC735847, was a potent inducer of death in different cancer cell types. However, the mechanism of action and activity of NSC735847 in colon cancer cells was not explored. The present study investigated the anticancer activity of NSC735847 and four structurally similar analog in human tumorigenic (HT-29 and HCT-116) and non-tumorigenic (FHC) colon cell lines. NSC735847 was more cytotoxic toward tumorigenic than non-tumorigenic colonocytes. In addition, NSC735847 exhibited greater cytotoxicity and tumor selectivity than the NSC735847 derivatives. To gain insight into mechanisms of NSC735847 activity, the requirement for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress was tested. The data show that ER stress played a key role in the cytotoxicity of NSC735847 while oxidative stress had little impact on cell fate. In addition, it was observed that the cytotoxic activity of NSC735847 required the presence of heme, but not iron. The activity of NSC735847 was then compared to clinically utilized CRC therapeutics. NSC735847 was cytotoxic toward colon tumor cells at lower concentrations than oxaliplatin (OX). In addition, cell death was achieved at lower concentrations in colon cancer cells that were co-treated with folinic acid (Fol), 5-FU (F), and NSC735847 (FolFNSC), than Fol, F, and OX (FolFOX). The selective activity of NSC735847 and its ability to induce cytotoxicity at low concentrations suggest that NSC735847 may be an alternative for oxaliplatin in the FolFOX regimen for patients who are unable to tolerate its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E M Elhassanny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona Marie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Paul McGuire
- Medical Doctor Program, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Waseem Gul
- ElSohly Laboratories Inc., Oxford, MS, United States.,National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Mahmoud ElSohly
- ElSohly Laboratories Inc., Oxford, MS, United States.,National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Rukiyah Van Dross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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23
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Dvořáčková O, Chval Z. Tuning the Reactivity and Bonding Properties of Metal Square-Planar Complexes by the Substitution(s) on the Trans-Coordinated Pyridine Ring. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11768-11783. [PMID: 32478268 PMCID: PMC7254792 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the hydration reaction on trans-[Pt(NH3)2(pyrX)Cl]+ (pyr = pyridine) complexes (X = OH-, Cl-, F-, Br-, NO2 -, NH2, SH-, CH3, C≡CH, and DMA) was studied by density functional theory calculations in the gas phase and in water solution described by the implicit polarizable continuum model method. All possible positions ortho, meta, and para of the substituent X in the pyridine ring were considered. The substitution of the pyr ligand by electron-donating X's led to the strengthening of the Pt-N1(pyrX) (Pt-NpyrX) bond and the weakening of the trans Pt-Cl or Pt-Ow bonds. The electron-withdrawing X's have exactly the opposite effect. The strengths of these bonds can be predicted from the basicity of sigma electrons on the NpyrX atom determined on the isolated pyrX ligand. As the pyrX ring was oriented perpendicularly with respect to the plane of the complex, the nature of the X···Cl electrostatic interaction was the decisive factor for the transition-state (TS) stabilization which resulted in the highest selectivity of ortho-substituted systems with respect to the reaction rate. Because of a smaller size of X's, the steric effects influenced less importantly the values of activation Gibbs energies ΔG ⧧ but caused geometry changes such as the elongation of the Pt-NpyrX bonds. Substitution in the meta position led to the highest ΔG ⧧ values for most of the X's. The changes of ΔG ⧧ because of electronic effects were the same in the gas phase and the water solvent. However, as the water solvent dampened electrostatic interactions, 2200 and 150 times differences in the reaction rate were observed between the most and the least reactive mono-substituted complexes in the gas phase and the water solvent, respectively. An additional NO2 substitution of the pyrNO2 ligand further decelerated the rate of the hydration reaction, but on the other hand, the poly-NH2 complexes were no more reactive than the fastest o-NH2 system. In the gas phase, the poly-X complexes showed the additivity of the substituent effects with respect to the Pt-ligand bond strengths and the ligand charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dvořáčková
- Faculty
of Health and Social Sciences, University
of South Bohemia, J.
Boreckého 27, 370 11 České Budějovice, Czech
Republic
- Faculty
of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Chval
- Faculty
of Health and Social Sciences, University
of South Bohemia, J.
Boreckého 27, 370 11 České Budějovice, Czech
Republic
- . Phone: +420-389-037-612
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24
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Lozada IB, Huang B, Stilgenbauer M, Beach T, Qiu Z, Zheng Y, Herbert DE. Monofunctional platinum(ii) anticancer complexes based on multidentate phenanthridine-containing ligand frameworks. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6557-6560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pt(ii) complexes supported by chelating, multidentate ligands containing phenanthridine heterocycles are reported and shown to exhibit a superior in vitro therapeutic index compared with phenanthriplatin and cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issiah B. Lozada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | | | - Travis Beach
- Department of Chemistry
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
| | - Zihan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
| | | | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
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25
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Dabbish E, Russo N, Sicilia E. Rationalization of the Superior Anticancer Activity of Phenanthriplatin: An In‐Depth Computational Exploration. Chemistry 2019; 26:259-268. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
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26
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Ryan AL, Fitzgerald MC, Ozsváth A, Twamley B, Buglyó P, Murphy BM, Griffith DM. Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) Complexes of the Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor GANT61-D. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16075-16086. [PMID: 31729870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
GANT61-D is an important hedgehog pathway inhibitor and an interesting ligand candidate for metal coordination. The first examples of metal complexes of the potent hedgehog pathway inhibitor GANT61-D are described. The reaction of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) precursors with the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GANT61-D gave [NiII(GANT61-D)(OH2)3(μ2-SO4)(μ3-SO4)] (1), [PdII(Cl)(GANT61-D)]Cl (2), [PtII(Cl)(GANT61-D)]Cl, and [PtII(CBDCA-2H)(GANT61-D)]. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed that GANT61-D is a versatile N-donor ligand that can act as a bidentate ligand via the diaminopropane (DAP) N atoms or a tridentate ligand via the DAP N atoms and one dimethylaniline N atom. Protonation constants of the GANT61-D ligand in water and in a 60:40 (w/w) dimethyl sulfoxide-water solvent mixture were determined. Potentiometric and spectroscopic data on the NiII(GANT61-D) system indicate the formation of octahedral 1:1 species with medium stability in solution. 1 and 2 exhibited noteworthy in vitro cytotoxicity against medulloblastoma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling L Ryan
- Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin D02 YN77 , Ireland
| | - Marie-Claire Fitzgerald
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 31A York Street , Dublin D02 YN77 , Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre at the Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin , Dublin D12 N512 , Ireland
| | - András Ozsváth
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , Debrecen H-4032 , Hungary
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin , University of Dublin , Dublin D02 PN40 , Ireland
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Egyetem tér 1 , Debrecen H-4032 , Hungary
| | - Brona M Murphy
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 31A York Street , Dublin D02 YN77 , Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre at the Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin , Dublin D12 N512 , Ireland
| | - Darren M Griffith
- Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin D02 YN77 , Ireland
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27
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Shaili E, Salassa L, Woods JA, Clarkson G, Sadler PJ, Farrer NJ. Platinum(iv) dihydroxido diazido N-(heterocyclic)imine complexes are potently photocytotoxic when irradiated with visible light. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8610-8617. [PMID: 31803436 PMCID: PMC6844273 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of trans-di-(N-heterocyclic)imine dihydroxido diazido PtIV complexes of the form trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(L1)(L2)] where L = pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, thiazole and 1-methylimidazole have been synthesised and characterised, and their photochemical and photobiological activity evaluated. Notably, complexes 19 (L1 = py, L2 = 3-pic) and 26 (L1 = L2 = 4-pic) were potently phototoxic following irradiation with visible light (420 nm), with IC50 values of 4.0 μM and 2.1 μM respectively (A2780 cancer cell line), demonstrating greater potency than the previously reported complex 1 (L1 = L2 = py; 6.7 μM); whilst also being minimally toxic in the absence of irradiation. Complexes with mixed N-(heterocyclic)imine ligands 19 and 20 (L1 = py, L2 = 4-pic) were particularly photocytotoxic towards cisplatin resistant (A2780cis) cell lines. Complex 18 (L1 = py, L2 = 2-pic) was comparatively less photocytotoxic (IC50 value 14.5 μM) than the other complexes, despite demonstrating the greatest absorbance at the irradiation wavelength and the fastest half-life for loss of the N3 → Pt LMCT transition upon irradiation (λ irr = 463 nm) in aqueous solution. Complex 29 (X1 = X2 = thiazole) although potently phototoxic (2.4 μM), was also toxic towards cells in the absence of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Luca Salassa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit , Department of Dermatology and Photobiology , Ninewells Hospital , Dundee , DD1 9SY , UK
| | - Guy Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Nicola J Farrer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285131
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New ternary platinum(II) dithiocarbamates: Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, DNA binding and DNA denaturing studies. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Almaqwashi AA, Zhou W, Naufer MN, Riddell IA, Yilmaz ÖH, Lippard SJ, Williams MC. DNA Intercalation Facilitates Efficient DNA-Targeted Covalent Binding of Phenanthriplatin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1537-1545. [PMID: 30599508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, a monofunctional anticancer agent derived from cisplatin, shows significantly more rapid DNA covalent-binding activity compared to its parent complex. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we used single-molecule studies with optical tweezers to probe the kinetics of DNA-phenanthriplatin binding as well as DNA binding to several control complexes. The time-dependent extensions of single λ-DNA molecules were monitored at constant applied forces and compound concentrations, followed by rinsing with a compound-free solution. DNA-phenanthriplatin association consisted of fast and reversible DNA lengthening with time constant τ ≈ 10 s, followed by slow and irreversible DNA elongation that reached equilibrium in ∼30 min. In contrast, only reversible fast DNA elongation occured for its stereoisomer trans-phenanthriplatin, suggesting that the distinct two-rate kinetics of phenanthriplatin is sensitive to the geometric conformation of the complex. Furthermore, no DNA unwinding was observed for pyriplatin, in which the phenanthridine ligand of phenanthriplatin is replaced by the smaller pyridine molecule, indicating that the size of the aromatic group is responsible for the rapid DNA elongation. These findings suggest that the mechanism of binding of phenanthriplatin to DNA involves rapid, partial intercalation of the phenanthridine ring followed by slower substitution of the adjacent chloride ligand by, most likely, the N7 atom of a purine base. The cis isomer affords the proper stereochemistry at the metal center to facilitate essentially irreversible DNA covalent binding, a geometric advantage not afforded by trans-phenanthriplatin. This study demonstrates that reversible DNA intercalation provides a robust transition state that is efficiently converted to an irreversible DNA-Pt bound state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Almaqwashi
- Physics Department , King Abdulaziz University , Rabigh 21911 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - M Nabuan Naufer
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Mark C Williams
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Alhoshani A, Seliman AA, Altoum AO, Abuelizz HA, Ahmad S, Altaf M, Omer KH, Sohail M, Isab AA. Synthesis, X-ray structure and in vitro cytotoxicity of trans-diammineplatinum(II) complexes of selenones, trans-[Pt(NH3)2(selenone)2](NO3)2. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Imran M, Ayub W, Butler IS, Zia-ur-Rehman. Photoactivated platinum-based anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Novohradsky V, Zajac J, Vrana O, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Simultaneous delivery of olaparib and carboplatin in PEGylated liposomes imparts this drug combination hypersensitivity and selectivity for breast tumor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28456-28473. [PMID: 29983873 PMCID: PMC6033346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination regiments involving platinum anticancer drugs and agents with unrelated mechanisms of action are a subject of widespread interest. Here, we show that synergistic toxic action in cancer cells of combinations of antitumor platinum drug carboplatin and effective PARP inhibitor olaparib is considerably improved if these combined drugs are encapsulated into liposomes. Notably, the formation of such nano-formulations, called OLICARB, leads to a marked enhancement of activity in human cancer cell lines (including those resistant to conventional platinum antitumor drugs) and selectivity towards tumor cells. We used immunofluorescence analysis of γH2AX expression and examined DNA damage in cancerous cells treated with the investigated compounds. We find that the synergistic toxic effects in cancer cells of both drugs used in combination, nonencapsulated or embedded in the OLICARB nanoparticles, positively correlates with DNA damage. These results also suggest that the enhancement of the toxic effects of carboplatin by olaparib in cancer cells is a consequence of an accumulation of cytotoxic lesions in DNA due to the inhibition of repair of platinated DNA augmented by the synergistic action of olaparib as an effective PARP inhibitor. Our findings also reveal that the combination of olaparib with carboplatin encapsulated in the OLICARB nanoparticles is particularly effective to inhibit the growth of 3D mammospheres. Collectively, the data provide convincing evidence that the encapsulation of carboplatin and olaparib into liposomal constructs to form the OLICARB nanoparticles may represent the viable approach for the treatment of tumors with the aim to eliminate the possible effects of acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Zajac
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Vrana
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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Monroe JD, Hruska HL, Ruggles HK, Williams KM, Smith ME. Anti-cancer characteristics and ototoxicity of platinum(II) amine complexes with only one leaving ligand. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192505. [PMID: 29513752 PMCID: PMC5841658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike cisplatin, which forms bifunctional DNA adducts, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes bind only one strand of DNA and might target cancer without causing auditory side-effects associated with cisplatin treatment. We synthesized the monofunctional triamine-ligated platinum(II) complexes, Pt(diethylenetriamine)Cl, [Pt(dien)Cl]+, and Pt(N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine)Cl, [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, and the monofunctional heterocyclic-ligated platinum(II) complexes, pyriplatin and phenanthriplatin, and compared their 5'-GMP binding rates, cellular compartmental distribution and cellular viability effects. A zebrafish inner ear model was used to determine if the monofunctional complexes and cisplatin caused hearing threshold shifts and reduced auditory hair cell density. The four monofunctional complexes had varied relative GMP binding rates, but similar cytosolic and nuclear compartmental uptake in three cancer cell lines (A549, Caco2, HTB16) and a control cell line (IMR90). Phenanthriplatin had the strongest effect against cellular viability, comparable to cisplatin, followed by [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, pyriplatin and [Pt(dien)Cl]+. Phenanthriplatin also produced the highest hearing threshold shifts followed by [Pt(dien)Cl]+, [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, cisplatin and pyriplatin. Hair cell counts taken from four regions of the zebrafish saccule showed that cisplatin significantly reduced hair cell density in three regions and phenanthriplatin in only one region, with the other complexes having no significant effect. Utricular hair cell density was not reduced by any of the compounds. Our results suggest that placing greater steric hindrance cis to one side of the platinum coordinating center in monofunctional complexes promotes efficient targeting of the nuclear compartment and guanosine residues, and may be responsible for reducing cancer cell viability. Also, the monofunctional compounds caused hearing threshold shifts with minimal effect on hair cell density, which suggests that they may affect different pathways than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Monroe
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Heidi L. Hruska
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Hannah K. Ruggles
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Smith
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
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Rehm T, Rothemund M, Bär A, Dietel T, Kempe R, Kostrhunova H, Brabec V, Kasparkova J, Schobert R. N,N-Dialkylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene platinum complexes – effects of alkyl residues and ancillary cis-ligands on anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17367-17381. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazol-2-ylidene platinum complexes exhibit anticancer activity, which is tuneable via N-alkyl residues and ancillary ligands and is different from that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Rehm
- Department of Chemistry
- University Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | | | - Alexander Bär
- Department of Chemistry
- University Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Thomas Dietel
- Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie II
- University Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie II
- University Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Hana Kostrhunova
- Institute of Biophysics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- CZ-61265 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry
- University Bayreuth
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
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The influence of the ethane-1,2-diamine ligand on the activity of a monofunctional platinum complex. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:328-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Brabec V, Hrabina O, Kasparkova J. Cytotoxic platinum coordination compounds. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Agudo-López A, Prieto-García E, Alemán J, Pérez C, Díaz-García CV, Parrilla-Rubio L, Cabrera S, Navarro-Ranninger C, Cortés-Funes H, López-Martín JA, Agulló-Ortuño MT. Mechanistic added value of a trans-Sulfonamide-Platinum-Complex in human melanoma cell lines and synergism with cis-Platin. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:45. [PMID: 28231799 PMCID: PMC5324334 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a potent antitumor agent. However, toxicity and primary and secondary resistance are major limitations of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, leading to therapeutic failure. We have previously reported that mono-sulfonamide platinum complexes have good antitumor activity against different tumoral cell lines and with a different and better cytotoxic profile than cisplatin. Besides, N-sulfonamides have been used extensively in medicinal chemistry as bactericides, anticonvulsant, inhibitors of the carbonic anhydrase, inhibitors of histone deacetylases, and inhibitors of microtubule polymerization, among others. METHODS We aimed to compare the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and a trans-sulfonamide-platinum-complex (TSPC), in two human melanoma cell lines that differ in their TP53 status: SK-MEL-5, TP53 wild type, and SK-MEL-28, TP53 mutated. We performed cytotoxicity assays with both drugs, alone and in combination, cell cycle analyses, western blotting and immunoprecipitation, and fluorescence immunocytochemistry. RESULTS TSPC had similar antiproliferative activity than cisplatin against SK-MEL-5 (3.24 ± 1.08 vs 2.89 ± 1.12 μM) and higher against SK-MEL-28 cells (5.83 ± 1.06 vs 10.17 ± 1.29 μM). Combination of both drugs inhibited proliferation in both cell lines, being especially important in SK-MEL-28, and showing a synergistic effect. In contrast to cisplatin, TSPC caused G1 instead G2/M arrest in both cell lines. Our present findings indicate that the G1 arrest is associated with the induction of CDKN1A and CDKN1B proteins, and that this response is also present in melanoma cells containing TP53 mutated. Also, strong accumulation of CDKN1A and CDKN1B in cells nuclei was seen upon TSPC treatment in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide a new promising TSPC compound with in vitro antitumor activity against melanoma cell lines, and with a different mechanism of action from that of cisplatin. Besides, TSPC synergism with cisplatin facilitates its potential use for co-treatment to reduce toxicity and resistance against cisplatin. TSPC remains a promising lead compound for the generation of novel antineoplastic agent and to explore its synergism with other DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Agudo-López
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Prieto-García
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alemán
- Organic Chemistry Department (Module 1), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Fco Tomás y Valiente, 5. Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Vanesa Díaz-García
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Parrilla-Rubio
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Cabrera
- Inorganic Chemistry Department (Module 7), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Fco Tomás y Valiente, 5, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro-Ranninger
- Inorganic Chemistry Department (Module 7), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Fco Tomás y Valiente, 5, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernán Cortés-Funes
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. López-Martín
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Avda de Córdoba S/N, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3436-86. [PMID: 26865551 PMCID: PMC4792284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1685] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, prevail in the treatment of cancer, but new platinum agents have been very slow to enter the clinic. Recently, however, there has been a surge of activity, based on a great deal of mechanistic information, aimed at developing nonclassical platinum complexes that operate via mechanisms of action distinct from those of the approved drugs. The use of nanodelivery devices has also grown, and many different strategies have been explored to incorporate platinum warheads into nanomedicine constructs. In this Review, we discuss these efforts to create the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The introduction provides the reader with a brief overview of the use, development, and mechanism of action of the approved platinum drugs to provide the context in which more recent research has flourished. We then describe approaches that explore nonclassical platinum(II) complexes with trans geometry or with a monofunctional coordination mode, polynuclear platinum(II) compounds, platinum(IV) prodrugs, dual-threat agents, and photoactivatable platinum(IV) complexes. Nanoparticles designed to deliver platinum(IV) complexes will also be discussed, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. Additional nanoformulations, including supramolecular self-assembled structures, proteins, peptides, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers, will then be described. Finally, the significant clinical progress made by nanoparticle formulations of platinum(II) agents will be reviewed. We anticipate that such a synthesis of disparate research efforts will not only help to generate new drug development ideas and strategies, but also will reflect our optimism that the next generation of approved platinum cancer drugs is about to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Platinum-based drugs: past, present and future. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:1103-24. [PMID: 26886018 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-2976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used in the therapy of human neoplasms. Their clinical success is, however, limited due to severe side effects and intrinsic or acquired resistance to the treatment. Much effort has been put into the development of new platinum anticancer complexes, but none of them has reached worldwide clinical application so far. Nedaplatin, lobaplatin and heptaplatin received only regional approval. Some new platinum complexes and platinum drug formulations are undergoing clinical trials. Here, we review the main classes of new platinum drug candidates, such as sterically hindered complexes, monofunctional platinum drugs, complexes with biologically active ligands, trans-configured and polynuclear platinum complexes, platinum(IV) prodrugs and platinum-based drug delivery systems. For each class of compounds, a detailed overview of the mechanism of action is given, the cytotoxicity is compared to that of the clinically used platinum drugs, and the clinical perspectives are discussed. A critical analysis of lessons to be learned is presented. Finally, a general outlook regarding future directions in the field of new platinum drugs is given.
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Amir MK, Zia-ur-Rehman ZUR, Hayat F, Khan SZ, Hogarth G, Kondratyuk T, Pezzuto J, Tahir MN. Monofunctional platinum(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes: synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three heteroleptic platinum(ii) dithiocarbamates with good anticancer potency have been synthesized and characterized. The anticancer activity against five cell lines may be due to their strong complex-DNA adduct formation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faisal Hayat
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
| | - Shahan Zeb Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad-45320
- Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Hawaii at Hilo
- Hilo
- USA
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy
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Effects of antitumor derivatives of ineffective transplatin on bacterial cells: Is DNA a pharmacological target? J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:206-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Weidmann AG, Barton JK. A monofunctional platinum complex coordinated to a rhodium metalloinsertor selectively binds mismatched DNA in the minor groove. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9626-36. [PMID: 26397309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a bimetallic complex derived from a new family of potent and selective metalloinsertors containing an unusual Rh-O axial coordination. This complex incorporates a monofunctional platinum center containing only one labile site for coordination to DNA, rather than two, and coordinates DNA nonclassically through adduct formation in the minor groove. This conjugate displays bifunctional, interdependent binding of mismatched DNA via metalloinsertion at a mismatch as well as covalent platinum binding. DNA sequencing experiments revealed that the preferred site of platinum coordination is not the traditional N7-guanine site in the major groove, but rather N3-adenine in the minor groove. The complex also displays enhanced cytotoxicity in mismatch repair-deficient and mismatch repair-proficient human colorectal carcinoma cell lines compared to the chemotherapeutic cisplatin, and it triggers cell death via an apoptotic pathway, rather than the necrotic pathway induced by rhodium metalloinsertors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson G Weidmann
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jacqueline K Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Kasputis T, Pieper A, Rodenhausen KB, Schmidt D, Sekora D, Rice C, Schubert E, Schubert M, Pannier AK. Use of precisely sculptured thin film (STF) substrates with generalized ellipsometry to determine spatial distribution of adsorbed fibronectin to nanostructured columnar topographies and effect on cell adhesion. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:88-99. [PMID: 25712389 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sculptured thin film (STF) substrates consist of nanocolumns with precise orientation, intercolumnar spacing, and optical anisotropy, which can be used as model biomaterial substrates to study the effect of homogenous nanotopogrophies on the three-dimensional distribution of adsorbed proteins. Generalized ellipsometry was used to discriminate between the distributions of adsorbed FN either on top of or within the intercolumnar void spaces of STFs, afforded by the optical properties of these precisely crafted substrates. Generalized ellipsometry indicated that STFs with vertical nanocolumns enhanced total FN adsorption two-fold relative to flat control substrates and the FN adsorption studies demonstrate different STF characteristics influence the degree of FN immobilization both on top and within intercolumnar spaces, with increasing spacing and surface area enhancing total protein adsorption. Mouse fibroblasts or mouse mesenchymal stem cells were subsequently cultured on STFs, to investigate the effect of highly ordered and defined nanotopographies on cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation. All STF nanotopographies investigated in the absence of adsorbed FN were found to significantly enhance cell adhesion relative to flat substrates; and the addition of FN to STFs was found to have cell-dependent effects on enhancing cell-material interactions. Furthermore, the amount of FN adsorbed to the STFs did not correlate with comparative enhancements of cell-material interactions, suggesting that nanotopography predominantly contributes to the biocompatibility of homogenous nanocolumnar surfaces. This is the first study to correlate precisely defined nanostructured features with protein distribution and cell-nanomaterial interactions. STFs demonstrate immense potential as biomaterial surfaces for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas Kasputis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Alex Pieper
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Keith Brian Rodenhausen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Daniel Schmidt
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Singapore Synchotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Derek Sekora
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Eva Schubert
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Mathias Schubert
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. Third row transition metals for the treatment of cancer. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2014.0185. [PMID: 25666060 PMCID: PMC4342973 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Platinum compounds are a mainstay of cancer chemotherapy, with over 50% of patients receiving platinum. But there is a great need for improvement. Major features of the cisplatin mechanism of action involve cancer cell entry, formation mainly of intrastrand cross-links that bend and unwind nuclear DNA, transcription inhibition and induction of cell-death programmes while evading repair. Recently, we discovered that platinum cross-link formation is not essential for activity. Monofunctional Pt compounds such as phenanthriplatin, which make only a single bond to DNA nucleobases, can be far more active and effective against a range of tumour types. Without a cross-link-induced bend, monofunctional complexes can be accommodated in the major groove of DNA. Their biological mechanism of action is similar to that of cisplatin. These discoveries opened the door to a large family of heavy metal-based drug candidates, including those of Os and Re, as will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Li Z, David A, Albani BA, Pellois JP, Turro C, Dunbar KR. Optimizing the Electronic Properties of Photoactive Anticancer Oxypyridine-Bridged Dirhodium(II,II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17058-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5078359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Amanda David
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Bryan A. Albani
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kim R. Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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Margiotta N, Savino S, Gandin V, Marzano C, Natile G. Monofunctional platinum(II) complexes with potent tumor cell growth inhibitory activity: the effect of a hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor N-heterocyclic ligand. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1161-8. [PMID: 24799414 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the possibility of further increase the role of the N-donor aromatic base in antitumor Hollis-type compounds by conferring the possibility to act as a hydrogen-bond donor/acceptor. Therefore, we synthesized the Pt(II) complex cis-[PtCl(NH3 )2 (naph)]NO3 (1) containing the 1,8-naphthyridine (naph) ligand. The naphthyridine ligand is generally monodentate, and the second nitrogen atom can act as H-bond donor/acceptor depending upon its protonation state. The possibility of forming such an H-bond could be crucial in the interaction of the drug with DNA or proteins. Apart from the synthesis of the compound, in this study we evaluated its in vitro antitumor activity in a wide panel of tumor cell lines, also including cells selected for their sensitivity/resistance to oxaliplatin, which was compared with that of previously reported complex 2 ([PtI(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(1-methyl-cytosine)]I) and oxaliplatin and cisplatin as reference compounds. The cytotoxicity data were correlated with the cellular uptake and the DNA platination levels. Finally, the reactivity of 1 towards guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) and glutathione was investigated to provide insights into its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari (Italy).
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Varela JG, De Chatterjee A, Guevara P, Ramirez V, Metta-Magaña AJ, Villagrán D, Varela-Ramirez A, Das S, Nuñez JE. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of cis-diphenyl pyridineamine platinum(II) complexes as potential anti-breast cancer agents. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:967-979. [PMID: 24737042 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is considered as an effective anti-cancer agent, it has shown limitations and may produce toxicity in patients. Therefore, we synthesized two cis-dichlorideplatinum(II) compounds (13 and 14) composed of meta- and para-N,N-diphenyl pyridineamine ligands through a reaction of the amine precursors and PtCl2 with respective yields of 16 and 47 %. We hypothesized that compounds 13 and 14, with lipophilic ligands, should transport efficiently in cancer cells and demonstrate more effectiveness than cisplatin. When tested for biological activity, compounds 13 and 14 were found to inhibit the growth of MCF 7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50s 1 ± 0.4 µM and 1 ± 0.2 µM for 13 and 14, respectively, and IC50 7.5 ± 1.3 µM for compound 13 and 1 ± 0.3 µM for compound 14). Incidentally, these doses were found to be lower than cisplatin doses (IC50 5 ± 0.7 µM for MCF 7 and 10 ± 1.1 µM for MDA-MB-231). Similar to cisplatin, 13 and 14 interacted with DNA and induced apoptosis. However, unlike cisplatin, they blocked the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells suggesting that in addition to apoptotic and DNA-binding capabilities, these compounds are useful in blocking the metastatic migration of breast cancer cells. To delineate the mechanism of action, computer-aided analyses (DFT calculations) were conducted for compound 13. Results indicate that in vivo, the pyridineamine ligands are likely to dissociate from the complex, forming a platinum DNA adduct with anti-proliferative activity. These results suggest that complexes 13 and 14 hold promise as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atasi De Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Priscilla Guevara
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Verenice Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | | | - Dino Villagrán
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Jose E Nuñez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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Johnstone T, Lippard SJ. The chiral potential of phenanthriplatin and its influence on guanine binding. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2126-34. [PMID: 24417436 PMCID: PMC3937553 DOI: 10.1021/ja4125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional platinum complex cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl(Am)](+), also known as phenanthriplatin, where Am is the N-heterocyclic base phenanthridine, has promising anticancer activity. Unlike bifunctional compounds such as cisplatin, phenanthriplatin can form only one covalent bond to DNA. Another distinguishing feature is that phenanthriplatin is chiral. Rotation about the Pt-N bond of the phenanthridine ligand racemizes the complex, and the question arises as to whether this process is sufficiently slow under physiological conditions to impact its DNA-binding properties. Here we present the results of NMR spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, molecular dynamics, and density functional theoretical investigations of diastereomeric phenanthriplatin analogs in order to probe the internal dynamics of phenanthriplatin. These results reveal that phenanthriplatin rapidly racemizes under physiological conditions. The information also facilitated the interpretation of the NMR spectra of small molecule models of phenanthriplatin-platinated DNA. These studies indicate, inter alia, that one diastereomeric form of the complexes cis-[Pt(NH3)2(Am)(R-Gua)](2+), where R-Gua is 9-methyl- or 9-ethylguanine, is preferred over the other, the origin of which stems from an intramolecular interaction between the carbonyl oxygen of the platinated guanine base and a cis-coordinated ammine. The relevance of this finding to the DNA-damaging properties of phenanthriplatin and its biological activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
C. Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely applied for the treatment of various types of tumours. Over the last few decades, a large variety of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes have been developed to improve the applicability in a wider spectrum of cancers, increase their therapeutic window and reduce the dose-limiting side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is the administration of a photosensitiser followed by visible light activation, is a promising route to avoid damage to healthy cells and the surrounding tissue. Transition metal complexes as photochemotherapeutic agents are an attractive option for further development in the field of photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). These complexes exhibit different numbers and types of excited states which are easily accessible upon light irradiation, subsequently giving rise to the formation of various photoproducts that can enable a distinct mode of action. Platinum-diazido complexes are promising candidates for PACT due to the low cytotoxicity when irradiated with visible light. This review summarises the mode of action of current platinum anticancer drugs with cisplatin as a lead example and the development of non-conventional Pt(II) complexes. Background information regarding PDT the photophysical and photochemical properties of metal complexes is provided, as well as notable examples of photoactivated metal complexes with biological activity. Particular emphasis is placed on recent developments on platinum photoactivated drugs.
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Johnstone TC, Park GY, Lippard SJ. Understanding and improving platinum anticancer drugs--phenanthriplatin. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:471-476. [PMID: 24403503 PMCID: PMC3937549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Approximately half of all patients who receive anticancer chemotherapy are treated with a platinum drug. Despite the widespread use of these drugs, the only cure that can be claimed is that of testicular cancer following cisplatin treatment. This article reviews some of our recent work on phenanthriplatin, a cisplatin derivative in which a chloride ion is replaced by phenanthridine, and on one of its analogues, the previously reported pyriplatin. These cationic complexes form monofunctional adducts on DNA that do not significantly distort the duplex, yet efficiently block transcription. Cell-based assays reveal altered cellular uptake properties and a cancer cell-killing profile different from those of established platinum drugs. Mechanistic work, including a crystal structure analysis of platinum-modified DNA in the active site of RNA polymerase II, is discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Av., Cambridge, MA, 02139, U.S.A.
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