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Chen X, Yu Y, Zheng H, Yang M, Wang C, Cai Q, Zhang W, Jiang F, Zhu Y, Yang H, Zhang T, Zhou Z. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes of the preclinical A549 cancer models, and the mechanism of dacomitinib. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176046. [PMID: 37708985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro A549 cells, and A549 xenografts in nude mouse, were two commonly used models for anti-cancer drug discovery. However, the biological and molecular characteristics of these two classic models, and also the dynamic transcriptome changes after dacomitinib exposure remains elusive. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing to define the transcriptome profile at single-cell resolution, and processed tumor samples for bulk RNA and protein analysis to validate the differently expressed genes. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the in vitro A549 cells are heterogeneous. The minimal subpopulation of the in vitro A549 cells, which were characterized by the signature of response to unfolded protein, became the overriding subpopulation of the xenografts. The EGFR non-activating A549 cells were resistant to dacomitinib in vitro, while A549 xenografts were comparatively sensitive as EGFR-activating HCC827 xenografts. Dacomitinib inhibited MAPK signaling pathway, and increased the immune response in the A549 xenografts. A phagocytosis checkpoint stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) was significantly inhibited in dacomitinib-treated xenografts. So here our study gives the first insight of the heterogeneity of the two classic models, and the translational potential of dacomitinib being used into a broader patient population rather than EGFR common activating mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yangziwei Yu
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Haoyang Zheng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Mengjing Yang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qianqian Cai
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Feixiang Jiang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, 110042, China; Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Hedi Yang
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhou
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Yang Y, McCloskey JE, Yang H, Puc J, Alcaina Y, Vedvyas Y, Gomez Gallegos AA, Ortiz-Sánchez E, de Stanchina E, Min IM, von Hofe E, Jin MM. Bispecific CAR T Cells against EpCAM and Inducible ICAM-1 Overcome Antigen Heterogeneity and Generate Superior Antitumor Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1158-1174. [PMID: 34341066 PMCID: PMC8492509 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has demonstrated unparalleled responses in hematologic cancers, yet antigen escape and tumor relapse occur frequently. CAR T-cell therapy for patients with solid tumors faces even greater challenges due to the immunosuppressive tumor environment and antigen heterogeneity. Here, we developed a bispecific CAR to simultaneously target epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) to overcome antigen escape and to improve the durability of tumor responses. ICAM-1 is an adhesion molecule inducible by inflammatory cytokines and elevated in many types of tumors. Our study demonstrates superior efficacy of bispecific CAR T cells compared with CAR T cells targeting a single primary antigen. Bispecific CAR T achieved more durable antitumor responses in tumor models with either homogenous or heterogenous expression of EpCAM. We also showed that the activation of CAR T cells against EpCAM in tumors led to upregulation of ICAM-1, which rendered tumors more susceptible to ICAM-1 targeting by bispecific CAR T cells. Our strategy of additional targeting of ICAM-1 may have broad applications in augmenting the activity of CAR T cells against primary tumor antigens that are prone to antigen loss or downregulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigenic Drift and Shift
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yang
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jaclyn E McCloskey
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Huan Yang
- AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Janusz Puc
- AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Yago Alcaina
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yogindra Vedvyas
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Angel A Gomez Gallegos
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Irene M Min
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eric von Hofe
- AffyImmune Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Moonsoo M Jin
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Kahraman S, Yalcin S. Recent Advances in Systemic Treatments for HER-2 Positive Advanced Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4149-4162. [PMID: 34285507 PMCID: PMC8286155 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s315252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Despite recent improvements in treatment quality and options, advanced gastric cancer remains one of the hardest to cure cancers, with a median overall survival (OS) of 10–12 months and a 5-year OS of approximately 5–20%. There is an unmet need for further efforts to palliate disease-related symptoms, improve quality of life, increase tumor response rate, and prolong progression free and overall survival while balancing the toxicities of therapy. The most common type of GC is adenocarcinoma, which demonstrates morphological, biological, and clinical heterogeneity. A plethora of genomic alterations and the activation of numerous molecular pathways including human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2), mesenchymal epidermal transforming factor receptor (MET), and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are responsible for the complex heterogeneity of GC. Efforts to validate the therapeutic effects of inhibiting some of these aberrantly expressed pathways have failed to lead to a clinically meaningful outcome apart from the overexpression/amplification of the HER2 gene, inhibition of which has had a significant impact on clinical practice. The only available biomarkers to guide the effective treatment of patients with advanced GC are HER2 overexpression, MSI/PD-L1 status, and FGFR alterations. Various anti-HER2 agents have been evaluated after the success of the ToGA trial, but none led to a significant enough clinical improvement to be considered a viable alternative for HER2-targeted therapy in advanced GC until the global Keynote-811 trial, which added pembrolizumab to trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy. This combination demonstrated a survival advantage for the first time in the 11 years since ToGA. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) was also found to be effective in patients who had already received >2 previous lines of treatment. Despite these promising avenues, the optimal management of HER-2 positive GC still requires further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Kahraman
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suayib Yalcin
- Hacettepe University Institute of Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
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Ebert K, Zwingenberger G, Barbaria E, Keller S, Heck C, Arnold R, Hollerieth V, Mattes J, Geffers R, Raimúndez E, Hasenauer J, Luber B. Determining the effects of trastuzumab, cetuximab and afatinib by phosphoprotein, gene expression and phenotypic analysis in gastric cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1039. [PMID: 33115415 PMCID: PMC7594334 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of action for anti-HER-family drugs in gastric cancer cells are incompletely understood. We compared the molecular effects of trastuzumab and the other HER-family targeting drugs cetuximab and afatinib on phosphoprotein and gene expression level to gain insights into the regulated pathways. Moreover, we intended to identify genes involved in phenotypic effects of anti-HER therapies. METHODS A time-resolved analysis of downstream intracellular kinases following EGF, cetuximab, trastuzumab and afatinib treatment was performed by Luminex analysis in the gastric cancer cell lines Hs746T, MKN1, MKN7 and NCI-N87. The changes in gene expression after treatment of the gastric cancer cell lines with EGF, cetuximab, trastuzumab or afatinib for 4 or 24 h were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Significantly enriched pathways and gene ontology terms were identified by functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, effects of trastuzumab and afatinib on cell motility and apoptosis were analyzed by time-lapse microscopy and western blot for cleaved caspase 3. RESULTS The Luminex analysis of kinase activity revealed no effects of trastuzumab, while alterations of AKT1, MAPK3, MEK1 and p70S6K1 activations were observed under cetuximab and afatinib treatment. On gene expression level, cetuximab mainly affected the signaling pathways, whereas afatinib had an effect on both signaling and cell cycle pathways. In contrast, trastuzumab had little effects on gene expression. Afatinib reduced average speed in MKN1 and MKN7 cells and induced apoptosis in NCI-N87 cells. Following treatment with afatinib, a list of 14 genes that might be involved in the decrease of cell motility and a list of 44 genes that might have a potential role in induction of apoptosis was suggested. The importance of one of these genes (HBEGF) as regulator of motility was confirmed by knockdown experiments. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we described the different molecular effects of trastuzumab, cetuximab and afatinib on kinase activity and gene expression. The phenotypic changes following afatinib treatment were reflected by altered biological functions indicated by overrepresentation of gene ontology terms. The importance of identified genes for cell motility was validated in case of HBEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Ebert
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Elena Barbaria
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Simone Keller
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Corinna Heck
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Rouven Arnold
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hollerieth
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Julian Mattes
- MATTES Medical Imaging GmbH, A-4232, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elba Raimúndez
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, 81675, München, Germany.
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5
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Bergonzini C, Leonetti A, Tiseo M, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Is there a role for dacomitinib, a second-generation irreversible inhibitor of the epidermal-growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in advanced non-small cell lung cancer? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1287-1298. [PMID: 32292093 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1746269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly lethal disease. During the past 20 years, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been a relevant target for anticancer drug-design, and a large family of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were designed, which improved therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional chemotherapy in NSCLC patients with specific EGFR mutations. However, resistance to these inhibitors occurs; therefore, the debate on which inhibitor should be used first is still open. Dacomitinib was approved in 2018 for the first-line treatment of NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews the properties of dacomitinib, including the current information from clinical trials and its potential application as stand-alone therapy, or in combination. EXPERT OPINION Dacomitinib is a second-generation EGFR-TKI that has demonstrated significant improvement in overall survival in a phase III randomized study compared with gefitinib, a first-generation TKI. However, the rapid development and approval of a new generation of TKIs (osimertinib), with better clinical profiles, raises the question of which role can dacomitinib play in NSCLC. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this drug on brain metastases, as a second-line treatment after third-generation TKIs, or in combination with other types of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bergonzini
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Laboratory Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Leonetti
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Laboratory Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Laboratory Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC-Start-Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Laboratory Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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AlMazmomy AM, Al-Hayani MM, Alomari M, Bazi AG. The Use of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 2-Targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Management of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 2-Positive Gastric Cancer: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2019; 11:e6295. [PMID: 31938588 PMCID: PMC6942496 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), including gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC), continues to be one of the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms globally. Moreover, GC/GEJC is a principal cause of neoplasm-related fatalities. Early-stage GC/GEJC has a favorable five-year overall survival (OS) rate with surgical resection. However, the vast majority of patients present with advanced inoperable or metastatic disease with a very unfavorable five-year OS rate. Such patients are left with very limited therapeutic options, such as systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, all of which can be performed as monotherapy or in various combinations. The molecular profiling of GC has revealed several personalized therapeutic vulnerabilities, one of which is the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (EGFR2, also known as HER2). HER2 overexpression or amplification is present in a fair subset of patients with GC/GEJC and has been shown to correlate with poor clinicopathological prognostic outcomes. Generally, treatment schemes to tackle HER2 in HER2-positive GC/GEJC comprise the use of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies or HER2-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, we engage in a narrative review of the available phase II and III literature on the efficacy and safety of HER2-targeting TKIs in the management of HER2-positive GC/GEJC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim M AlMazmomy
- Surgery, College of Medicine King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Majed M Al-Hayani
- Neurology, College of Medicine King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Mohammed Alomari
- Pediatrics, College of Medicine King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Abdulrahman G Bazi
- Internal Medicine, College of Medicine King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU
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Selim JH, Shaheen S, Sheu WC, Hsueh CT. Targeted and novel therapy in advanced gastric cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2019; 8:25. [PMID: 31632839 PMCID: PMC6788003 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-019-0149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic treatment options for advanced gastric cancer (GC) have evolved rapidly in recent years. We have reviewed the recent data of clinical trial incorporating targeted agents, including inhibitors of angiogenesis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), mesenchymal-epithelial transition, epidermal growth factor receptor, mammalian target of rapamycin, claudin-18.2, programmed death-1 and DNA. Addition of trastuzumab to platinum-based chemotherapy has become standard of care as front-line therapy in advanced GC overexpressing HER2. In the second-line setting, ramucirumab with paclitaxel significantly improves overall survival compared to paclitaxel alone. For patients with refractory disease, apatinib, nivolumab, ramucirumab and TAS-102 have demonstrated single-agent activity with improved overall survival compared to placebo alone. Pembrolizumab has demonstrated more than 50% response rate in microsatellite instability-high tumors, 15% response rate in tumors expressing programmed death ligand 1, and non-inferior outcome in first-line treatment compared to chemotherapy. This review summarizes the current state and progress of research on targeted therapy for advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie H. Selim
- School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - Shagufta Shaheen
- Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
| | - Wei-Chun Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY 10310 USA
| | - Chung-Tsen Hsueh
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, CSP 11015, Loma Linda, CA 92354 USA
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8
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Momeny M, Esmaeili F, Hamzehlou S, Yousefi H, Javadikooshesh S, Vahdatirad V, Alishahi Z, Mousavipak SH, Bashash D, Dehpour AR, Tavangar SM, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Haddad P, Kordbacheh F, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. The ERBB receptor inhibitor dacomitinib suppresses proliferation and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:491-504. [PMID: 31025257 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death in the USA. Local progression, early tumor dissemination and low efficacy of current treatments are the major reasons for its high mortality rate. The ERBB family is over-expressed in PDAC and plays essential roles in its tumorigenesis; however, single-targeted ERBB inhibitors have shown limited activity in this disease. Here, we examined the anti-tumor activity of dacomitinib, a pan-ERBB receptor inhibitor, on PDAC cells. METHODS Anti-proliferative effects of dacomitinib were determined using a cell proliferation assay and crystal violet staining. Annexin V/PI staining, radiation therapy and cell migration and invasion assays were carried out to examine the effects of dacomitinib on apoptosis, radio-sensitivity and cell motility, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses were applied to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor activity of dacomitinib. RESULTS We found that dacomitinib diminished PDAC cell proliferation via inhibition of FOXM1 and its targets Aurora kinase B and cyclin B1. Moreover, we found that dacomitinib induced apoptosis and potentiated radio-sensitivity via inhibition of the anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and MCL1. Treatment with dacomitinib attenuated cell migration and invasion through inhibition of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers ZEB1, Snail and N-cadherin. In contrast, we found that the anti-tumor activity of single-targeted ERBB agents including cetuximab (anti-EGFR mAb), trastuzumab (anti-HER2 mAb), H3.105.5 (anti-HER3 mAb) and erlotinib (EGFR small molecule inhibitor) were marginal. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that dacomitinib-mediated blockade of the ERBB receptors yields advantages over single-targeted ERBB inhibition and provide a rationale for further investigation of the therapeutic potential of dacomitinib in the treatment of ERBB-driven PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Momeny
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Fatemeh Esmaeili
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hamzehlou
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sepehr Javadikooshesh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vasimeh Vahdatirad
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zivar Alishahi
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh H Mousavipak
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad R Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed M Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peiman Haddad
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Kordbacheh
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Group, ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Curea FG, Hebbar M, Ilie SM, Bacinschi XE, Trifanescu OG, Botnariuc I, Anghel RM. Current Targeted Therapies in HER2-Positive Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 32:351-363. [PMID: 29265917 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world, usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Despite the advances in specific anticancer agents' development, the survival rates remain modest, even in early stages. In 15%-20% of cases, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression was identified. We conducted a general review to summarize the progress that has been made in the targeted treatment of HER2-positive esogastric junction or gastric adenocarcinoma. According to our findings, trastuzumab is the only validated anti-HER2 agent in locally advanced or metastatic disease and its adjuvant effectiveness is assessed in a RTOG phase III study. In a previously treated advanced disease, the maytansine derivate TDM 1 failed to be approved as a second-line regimen, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib, shows modest results. The antiangiogenics have not been analyzed in specific populations and targeting the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) receptor, overexpressed in up to 46% of the advanced disease, seems encouraging. Regarding the checkpoint inhibitors, based on KEYNOTE 059 multilevel ongoing trial, stratified according to the HER2 and programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 status, pembrolizumab was approved for third-line treatment of gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana G Curea
- 1 Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohamed Hebbar
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital , Lille, France
| | - Silvia M Ilie
- 1 Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu," Bucharest, Romania .,3 University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Xenia E Bacinschi
- 1 Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu," Bucharest, Romania .,3 University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana G Trifanescu
- 1 Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu," Bucharest, Romania .,3 University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Inga Botnariuc
- 1 Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica M Anghel
- 1 Department of Oncology-Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu," Bucharest, Romania .,3 University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Abdallah SMB, Hirsh V. Irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor with afatinib in EGFR activating mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:S9-S17. [PMID: 29910643 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the systemic therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc), the prognosis for stage iv disease remains poor. The discovery of targetable mutations has led to new treatment options. The most common mutations, the EGFR activating mutations, are present in about 50% of Asian patients and up to 15% of white patients. First-generation reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tkis) have led to improved survival in patients positive for EGFR activating mutations, but resistance eventually leads to disease progression. The irreversible egfr tki afatinib was developed to counter such resistance. The clinical efficacy of afatinib has been shown in first-line studies comparing it with both cytotoxic chemotherapy and first-generation egfr tkis. Afatinib has also shown continued benefit beyond progression while a patient is taking an egfr inhibitor. Furthermore, its toxicity profile is both predictable and manageable. The results of the principal clinical trials assessing afatinib are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Hirsh
- Department of Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
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12
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Wang L, Zhang H, Zheng J, Wei X, Du J, Lu H, Sun Q, Zhou W, Zhang R, Han Y. Dual silencing of EGFR and HER2 enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to gefitinib. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1008-1016. [PMID: 29637613 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Department of Oncology; Chaoyang Central Hospital; Chaoyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Jiaxin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology; Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Jingwen Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Qiuying Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Weiyu Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University; Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute; Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology; Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
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13
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Wang X, Goldstein D, Crowe PJ, Yang JL. Antitumour effects and mechanisms of action of the panHER inhibitor, dacomitinib, alone and in combination with the STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, in human sarcoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:2143-2154. [PMID: 29620166 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for metastatic sarcoma is 16%. Although the phosphorylated human epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR/HER1) has been shown to be an independent predictor of overall survival in patients with sarcoma, we have previously demonstrated that sarcoma cell lines exhibit resistance, despite gefitinib blocking p-EGFR and signal transducers in EGFR downstream pathways. Gefitinib failed to decrease the ratio of phosphorylated (p-)signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3)/p-STAT1, suggesting that relative STAT3 abundance and activation may be involved in drug resistance. In this study, we used the panHER inhibitor, dacomitinib, to further block HER2-dependent activation, applying multiple methods, such as proliferation assay, clonogenic survival assay, anti-anoikis assay and western blot analysis. Although dacomitinib inhibited EGFR, HER2, AKT and Erk activation more effectively than gefitinib, it still only exerted minimal anti-proliferative effects on sarcoma cell lines due to the STAT3 escape pathway. However, the addition of the STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, to dacomitinib achieved a significant enhancement in growth inhibition, by perturbing p-STAT3/p-STAT1. Using a panel of sarcoma cell lines with different histological types, we identified that the addition of the STAT3 inhibitor enhanced the growth inhibitory effects of the panHER inhibitor, dacomitinib, on sarcoma cells. Our findings may have clinical implications on overcoming the resistance caused by the STAT3 escape pathway and optimising EGFR/panHER-targeted therapy in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Sarcoma and Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J Crowe
- Sarcoma and Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- Sarcoma and Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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14
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Keller S, Zwingenberger G, Ebert K, Hasenauer J, Wasmuth J, Maier D, Haffner I, Schierle K, Weirich G, Luber B. Effects of trastuzumab and afatinib on kinase activity in gastric cancer cell lines. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:441-462. [PMID: 29325228 PMCID: PMC5891041 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of action of the HER2‐targeted antibody trastuzumab is only partially understood, and the direct effects of trastuzumab on the gastric cancer signaling network are unknown. In this study, we compared the molecular effect of trastuzumab and the HER kinase inhibitor afatinib on the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) network and the downstream‐acting intracellular kinases in gastric cancer cell lines. The molecular effects of trastuzumab and afatinib on the phosphorylation of 49 RTKs and 43 intracellular kinase phosphorylation sites were investigated in three gastric cancer cell lines (NCI‐N87, MKN1, and MKN7) using proteome profiling. To evaluate these effects, data were analyzed using mixed models and clustering. Moreover, proliferation assays were performed. Our comprehensive quantitative analysis of kinase activity in gastric cancer cell lines indicates that trastuzumab and afatinib selectively influenced the HER family RTKs. The effects of trastuzumab differed between cell lines, depending on the presence of activated HER2. The effects of trastuzumab monotherapy were not transduced to the intracellular kinase network. Afatinib alone or in combination with trastuzumab influenced HER kinases in all cell lines; that is, the effects of monotherapy and combination therapy were transduced to the intracellular kinase network. These results were confirmed by proliferation analysis. Additionally, the MET‐amplified cell line Hs746T was identified as afatinib nonresponder. The dependence of the effect of trastuzumab on the presence of activated HER2 might explain the clinical nonresponse of some patients who are routinely tested for HER2 expression and gene amplification in the clinic but not for HER2 activation. The consistent effects of afatinib on HER RTKs and downstream kinase activation suggest that afatinib might be an effective candidate in the future treatment of patients with gastric cancer irrespective of the presence of activated HER2. However, MET amplification should be taken into account as potential resistance factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Keller
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Karolin Ebert
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wasmuth
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | - Katrin Schierle
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gregor Weirich
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Germany
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15
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Nam AR, Kim JW, Cha Y, Ha H, Park JE, Bang JH, Jin MH, Lee KH, Kim TY, Han SW, Im SA, Kim TY, Oh DY, Bang YJ. Therapeutic implication of HER2 in advanced biliary tract cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58007-58021. [PMID: 27517322 PMCID: PMC5295408 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no validated therapeutic target for biliary tract cancer (BTC). This study aimed to investigate the pre-clinical and clinical implication of HER2 as a therapeutic target in BTC. We established two novel HER2-amplified BTC cell lines, SNU-2670 and SNU-2773, from gallbladder cancer patients. SNU-2670 and SNU-2773 cells were sensitive to trastuzumab, dacomitinib, and afatinib compared with nine HER2-negative BTC cell lines. Dacomitinib and afatinib led to G1 cell cycle arrest in SNU-2773 cells and apoptosis in SNU-2670 cells. Furthermore, dacomitinib, afatinib, and trastuzumab showed synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with some cytotoxic drugs including gemcitabine, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5-fluorouracil. In a SNU-2670 mouse xenograft model, trastuzumab demonstrated a good anti-tumor effect as a monotherapy and in combination with gemcitabine increasing apoptosis. In our clinical data, 13.0% of patients with advanced BTC were defined as HER2-positive. Of these, three patients completed HER2-targeted chemotherapy. Two of them demonstrated a partial response, and the other one showed stable disease for 18 weeks. In summary, these pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that HER2 could be a therapeutic target, and that a HER2-targeting strategy should be developed further in patients with HER2-positive advanced BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Rong Nam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yongjun Cha
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyerim Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mei Hua Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Lopez A, Harada K, Mizrak Kaya D, Ajani JA. Current therapeutic landscape for advanced gastroesophageal cancers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:78. [PMID: 29666801 PMCID: PMC5890037 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.10.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of advanced gastroesophageal cancers remains challenging for clinicians, patients, and caregivers alike. Despite considerable research, the therapeutic armamentarium is restricted and hardly personalized. In the first-line setting, trastuzumab with a fluoropyrimidine and platinum agent is the standard-of-care in patients with HER2-positive tumor. For the others, a platinum-based doublet (preferably with oxaliplatin) is recommended. Three-drug cytotoxic regimens should be reserved for exceptional cases where patients have good performance status. Triple combinations produce higher toxicity and provide marginal advantage. In the second line setting, the combination of paclitaxel and ramucirumab is preferred over all others. Currently, nothing is approved in the 3rd or later line. Nivolumab has resulted in an improved benefit in an Asian trial. Early trials of TAS-102, STAT3 inhibitors, anti-claudin 18.2 and other immune checkpoint inhibitors (alone or in combination) are ongoing. However, development of reproducible biomarkers for patient enrichment is critical for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lopez
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Inserm U954, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dilsa Mizrak Kaya
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Wang L, Zhao J, Yao Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Shu X, Sun X, Li Y, Liu K, Yuan H, Ma X. Covalent binding design strategy: A prospective method for discovery of potent targeted anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:493-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Leong SH, Lwin KM, Lee SS, Ng WH, Ng KM, Tan SY, Ng BL, Carter NP, Tang C, Lian Kon O. Chromosomal breaks at FRA18C: association with reduced DOK6 expression, altered oncogenic signaling and increased gastric cancer survival. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:9. [PMID: 29872697 PMCID: PMC5859466 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements are common in cancer. More than 50% occur in common fragile sites and disrupt tumor suppressors. However, such rearrangements are not known in gastric cancer. Here we report recurrent 18q2 breakpoints in 6 of 17 gastric cancer cell lines. The rearranged chromosome 18, t(9;18), in MKN7 cells was flow sorted and identified by reverse chromosome painting. High-resolution tiling array hybridization mapped breakpoints to DOK6 (docking protein 6) intron 4 in FRA18C (18q22.2) and an intergenic region in 9q22.2. The same rearrangement was detected by FISH in 22% of 99 primary gastric cancers. Intron 4 truncation was associated with reduced DOK6 transcription. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas stomach adenocarcinoma cohort showed significant correlation of DOK6 expression with histological and molecular phenotypes. Multiple oncogenic signaling pathways (gastrin-CREB, NGF-neurotrophin, PDGF, EGFR, ERK, ERBB4, FGFR1, RAS, VEGFR2 and RAF/MAP kinase) known to be active in aggressive gastric cancers were strikingly diminished in gastric cancers with low DOK6 expression. Median survival of patients with low DOK6-expressing tumors was 2100 days compared with 533 days in patients with high DOK6-expressing tumors (log-rank P = 0.0027). The level of DOK6 expression in tumors predicted patient survival independent of TNM stage. These findings point to new functions of human DOK6 as an adaptor that interacts with diverse molecular components of signaling pathways. Our data suggest that DOK6 expression is an integrated biomarker of multiple oncogenic signals in gastric cancer and identify FRA18C as a new cancer-associated fragile site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Hong Leong
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore.,2Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596 Singapore
| | - Kyaw Myo Lwin
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Sze Sing Lee
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Wai Har Ng
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Kia Min Ng
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- 3Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608 Singapore
| | - Bee Ling Ng
- 4Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Nigel P Carter
- 4Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
| | - Carol Tang
- 5National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
| | - Oi Lian Kon
- 1Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610 Singapore.,2Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596 Singapore
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19
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Kneissl J, Hartmann A, Pfarr N, Erlmeier F, Lorber T, Keller S, Zwingenberger G, Weichert W, Luber B. Influence of the HER receptor ligand system on sensitivity to cetuximab and trastuzumab in gastric cancer cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:573-600. [PMID: 27933395 PMCID: PMC5352771 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Gastric cancer remains a major health concern, and improvement of the therapeutic options is crucial. Treatment with targeted therapeutics such as the EGFR-targeting antibody cetuximab or the HER2-targeting antibody trastuzumab is either ineffective or moderately effective in this disease, respectively. In this study, we analysed the involvement of the HER receptor ligands amphiregulin (AREG), epidermal growth factor (EGF), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) in the responsiveness of gastric cancer cell lines to cetuximab and trastuzumab. Methods A panel of 11 gastric cancer cell lines was characterized for cetuximab and trastuzumab sensitivity, ligand secretion and expression and activation of the HER receptors using WST-1 cell proliferation assays, ELISAs and Western blot analyses. We further investigated the effects of an exogenous ligand application on the cetuximab and trastuzumab sensitivity. Results We found no correlation between TGFα secretion and the sensitivity to cetuximab or trastuzumab. For AREG, we confirmed previous results indicating that this ligand is a positive predictor of cetuximab sensitivity. Exogenous HB-EGF was effective in rescuing sensitive cell lines from inhibition of cell proliferation by both, cetuximab and trastuzumab. Conclusions Our data indicate that HB-EGF may be a useful marker for the prediction of trastuzumab sensitivity in gastric cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00432-016-2308-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kneissl
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Hartmann
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Erlmeier
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorber
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Keller
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Gwen Zwingenberger
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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20
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Zhang D, Zhang B, Zhou LX, Zhao J, Yan YY, Li YL, Zeng JM, Wang LL, Yang B, Lin NM. Deacetylisovaltratum disrupts microtubule dynamics and causes G 2/M-phase arrest in human gastric cancer cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1597-1605. [PMID: 27665846 PMCID: PMC5260834 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Deacetylisovaltratum (DI) is isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Patrinia heterophylla Bunge, which exhibits anti-cancer activity. Here, we investigated the effects of DI on human gastric carcinoma cell lines in vitro and elucidated its anti-cancer mechanisms. Methods: Human gastric carcinoma AGS and HGC-27 cell lines were treated with DI, and cell viability was detected with MTT assay. Cell cycle stages, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured using flow cytometry. Protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Tubulin polymerization assays and immunofluorescence were used to characterize the tubulin polymerization process. Results: DI inhibited the cell viability of AGS and HGC-27 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of 12.0 and 28.8 μmol/L, respectively, at 24 h of treatment. Treatment with DI (10–100 μmol/L) dose-dependently promoted tubulin polymerization, and induced significant G2/M cell cycle arrest in AGS and HGC-27 cells. Moreover, DI treatment disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in AGS and HGC-27 cells. Conclusion: DI induces G2/M-phase arrest by disrupting tubulin polymerization in human gastric cancer cells, which highlights its potent anti-cancer activity and potential application in gastric cancer therapy.
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21
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Choi Y, Ko YS, Park J, Choi Y, Kim Y, Pyo JS, Jang BG, Hwang DH, Kim WH, Lee BL. HER2-induced metastasis is mediated by AKT/JNK/EMT signaling pathway in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9141-9153. [PMID: 27895401 PMCID: PMC5107595 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigated the relationships between HER2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and protein kinase B (AKT) with respect to metastatic potential of HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC) cells.
METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue array slides containing 423 human GC specimens. Using HER2-positve GC cell lines SNU-216 and NCI-N87, HER2 expression was silenced by RNA interference, and the activations of JNK and AKT were suppressed by SP600125 and LY294002, respectively. Transwell assay, Western blot, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining were used in cell culture experiments.
RESULTS In GC specimens, HER2, JNK, and AKT activations were positively correlated with each other. In vitro analysis revealed a positive regulatory feedback loop between HER2 and JNK in GC cell lines and the role of JNK as a downstream effector of AKT in the HER2/AKT signaling pathway. JNK inhibition suppressed migratory capacity through reversing EMT and dual inhibition of JNK and AKT induced a more profound effect on cancer cell motility.
CONCLUSION HER2, JNK and AKT in human GC specimens are positively associated with each other. JNK and AKT, downstream effectors of HER2, co-operatively contribute to the metastatic potential of HER2-positive GC cells. Thus, targeting of these two molecules in combination with HER2 downregulation may be a good approach to combat HER2-positive GC.
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22
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Fanotto V, Ongaro E, Rihawi K, Avallone A, Silvestris N, Fornaro L, Vasile E, Antonuzzo L, Leone F, Rosati G, Giuliani F, Bordonaro R, Scartozzi M, Maglio GD, Negri FV, Fasola G, Aprile G. HER-2 inhibition in gastric and colorectal cancers: tangible achievements, novel acquisitions and future perspectives. Oncotarget 2016; 7:69060-69074. [PMID: 27542243 PMCID: PMC5356612 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HER-2 (ErbB-2, c-erbB2 or Her2/neu), a member of the HER-family, is directly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of several human cancers; as such, it is also often considered as a poor prognostic factor. Following the revolutionary impact of anti-HER-2 therapy in breast cancer patients, the role of HER-2 and its blockade has also been extensively evaluated in other tumor types, including gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. The aims of this review are to recall the important results achieved with the use of HER-2 inhibitors in both gastric and colorectal cancer, and to discuss on the updates available on the role of HER-2 as prognostic and predictive factor in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fanotto
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena Ongaro
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Karim Rihawi
- Department of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute “Fondazione Giovanni Pascale”-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of Oncology, National CancerInstitute “Giovanni Paolo II”-IRCSS, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Unit of Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Vasile
- Unit of Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, Torino, Italy
| | - Gerardo Rosati
- Medical Oncology Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuliani
- Department of Oncology, National CancerInstitute “Giovanni Paolo II”-IRCSS, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianpiero Fasola
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, University and General Hospital, Udine, Italy
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23
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Shi H, Zhang W, Zhi Q, Jiang M. Lapatinib resistance in HER2+ cancers: latest findings and new concepts on molecular mechanisms. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5467-2. [PMID: 27726101 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of new and mostly effective molecular targeted therapies, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) cancers are still intractable diseases. Lapatinib, a dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has greatly improved breast cancer prognosis in recent years after the initial introduction of trastuzumab (Herceptin). However, clinical evidence indicates the existence of both primary unresponsiveness and secondary lapatinib resistance, which leads to the failure of this agent in HER2+ cancer patients. It remains a major clinical challenge to target the oncogenic pathways with drugs having low resistance. Multiple pathways are involved in the occurrence of lapatinib resistance, including the pathways of receptor tyrosine kinase, non-receptor tyrosine kinase, autophagy, apoptosis, microRNA, cancer stem cell, tumor metabolism, cell cycle, and heat shock protein. Moreover, understanding the relationship among these mechanisms may contribute to future tumor combination therapies. Therefore, it is of urgent necessity to elucidate the precise mechanisms of lapatinib resistance and improve the therapeutic use of this agent in clinic. The present review, in the hope of providing further scientific support for molecular targeted therapies in HER2+ cancers, discusses about the latest findings and new concepts on molecular mechanisms underlying lapatinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215131, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China.
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24
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Kelly CM, Janjigian YY. The genomics and therapeutics of HER2-positive gastric cancer-from trastuzumab and beyond. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:750-762. [PMID: 27747089 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a biologically heterogeneous tumor. The identification of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) biomarker overexpression in gastric cancer represented a significant step towards unraveling the molecular complexity of this disease. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy, in the first-line setting of patients with metastatic, HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal, represents the first targeted therapeutic to demonstrate improvement in response rate and survival in gastric cancer. However, not all patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer respond to trastuzumab and the majority of patients who do initially benefit from trastuzumab develop resistance to it. Advances in molecular oncology and cancer genomics have helped to classify gastric cancer into molecularly distinct subtypes. This information informs research efforts investigating the etiology of mechanisms of resistance to HER2-directed therapy and guides clinical investigation in methods to overcome this resistance. This article reviews anti-HER2-therapies that are currently used as standard of care in advanced, HER2-positive, breast cancer and are now under investigation as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy and/or a second HER2-directed agent in advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer. The future directions of clinical investigation in HER2-positive gastric cancer are also discussed including: novel HER2-directed therapies, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-HER2-therapies, the role of functional imaging, the potential of patient derived xenograft preclinical models and the importance of tumor genomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Kelly
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;; Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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25
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Oh DY, Lee KW, Cho JY, Kang WK, Im SA, Kim JW, Bang YJ. Phase II trial of dacomitinib in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:1095-1103. [PMID: 26581547 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dacomitinib, an irreversible panHER inhibitor, shows significant preclinical antitumor activity in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical activity of dacomitinib and discover potential biomarkers in HER2-positive GC patients. METHODS We enrolled previously treated advanced HER2-positive GC [HER2 FISH (+) or HER2 IHC 3+] patients. The patients received dacomitinib 45 mg once daily. RESULTS A total of 27 patients were enrolled. The number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 1 in 7 patients (26 %), 2 in 9 patients (33 %), and more than 2 in 11 patients (41 %). Seven patients had received prior anti-HER2 therapy. The 4-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 22.2 % and median PFS was 2.1 months (95 % CI, 2.3-3.4) There were 2 partial response (PRs) and 9 stable disease (SDs), resulting in 7.4 % (95 % CI, 0-17.5 %) of response rate (RR) and 40.7 % (95 % CI, 21.9-59.6 %) of disease control rate (DCR). Eleven patients (41 %) showed some degree of tumor shrinkage. Overall survival was 7.1 months (95 % CI, 4.4-9.8). The most common toxicities were skin rash, diarrhea, and fatigue, most of which were grade 1 or 2. The Ctrough of dacomitinib was lower in gastrectomy patients than nongastrectomy patients. Higher serum levels of HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) and lower levels of soluble E-cadherin (sECAD) correlated with higher dacomitinib activity. CONCLUSIONS Dacomitinib functions as a single agent in HER2-positive GC patients with a tolerable safety profile. HER2 ECD and sECAD have the potential to be biomarkers for patient selection in a panHER inhibition strategy for HER2-positive GC. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01152853).
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Youn Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kewn-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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26
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Smaill JB, Gonzales AJ, Spicer JA, Lee H, Reed JE, Sexton K, Althaus IW, Zhu T, Black SL, Blaser A, Denny WA, Ellis PA, Fakhoury S, Harvey PJ, Hook K, McCarthy FOJ, Palmer BD, Rivault F, Schlosser K, Ellis T, Thompson AM, Trachet E, Winters RT, Tecle H, Bridges A. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. 20. Optimization of Substituted Quinazoline and Pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Orally Active, Irreversible Inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8103-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff B. Smaill
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea J. Gonzales
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Julie A. Spicer
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Helen Lee
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Jessica E. Reed
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Karen Sexton
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Irene W. Althaus
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Tong Zhu
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Shannon L. Black
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Blaser
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul A. Ellis
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Stephen Fakhoury
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Patricia J. Harvey
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Ken Hook
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Florence O. J. McCarthy
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brian D. Palmer
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Freddy Rivault
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Schlosser
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Teresa Ellis
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Andrew M. Thompson
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erin Trachet
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - R. Thomas Winters
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Haile Tecle
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Alexander Bridges
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
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27
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Discovery of a Potential HER2 Inhibitor from Natural Products for the Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071055. [PMID: 27376283 PMCID: PMC4964431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer in women worldwide due to the late stage detection and resistance to traditional chemotherapy. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is considered as a validated target in breast cancer therapy. Even though a substantial effort has been made to develop HER2 inhibitors, only lapatinib has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Side effects were observed in a majority of the patients within one year of treatment initiation. Here, we took advantage of bioinformatics tools to identify novel effective HER2 inhibitors. The structure-based virtual screening combined with ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) prediction was explored. In total, 11,247 natural compounds were screened. The top hits were evaluated by an in vitro HER2 kinase inhibition assay. The cell proliferation inhibition effect of identified inhibitors was evaluated in HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 and BT474 cell lines. We found that ZINC15122021 showed favorable ADMET properties and attained high binding affinity against HER2. Moreover, ZINC15122021 showed high kinase inhibition activity against HER2 and presented outstanding cell proliferation inhibition activity against both SKBR3 and BT474 cell lines. Results reveal that ZINC15122021 can be a potential HER2 inhibitor.
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28
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a dismal prognosis. With the emergence of monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), several drugs were developed and tested in HNSCC. To date, the monoclonal antibody cetuximab is the only approved therapy for curative and recurrent/metastatic patients. Other EGFR-targeting drugs either failed in the clinical trials or are still in the early phases of drug development and research. AREAS COVERED In this article, previously published data and ongoing studies regarding dacomitinib, a second-generation irreversible TKI, for the treatment of HNSCC are presented and discussed. EXPERT OPINION The current body of evidence is not mature enough to indicate the use of dacomitinib for the treatment of HNSCC in curative or in recurrent/metastatic settings. Phase II data suggest the potential of improved outcome in selected recurrent/metastatic HNSCC based on several biomarkers, which need to be evaluated in randomized phase III trials. Meanwhile, an ongoing phase I study is investigating dacomitinib's optimal dosing combined with and without cisplatin in the curative concomitant chemoradiotherapy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgun Elicin
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital , Bern University Hospital and University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Ozsahin
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , University of Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) , Lausanne , Switzerland
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29
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Septin oligomerization regulates persistent expression of ErbB2/HER2 in gastric cancer cells. Biochem J 2016; 473:1703-18. [PMID: 27048593 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Septins are a family of cytoskeletal GTP-binding proteins that assemble into membrane-associated hetero-oligomers and organize scaffolds for recruitment of cytosolic proteins or stabilization of membrane proteins. Septins have been implicated in a diverse range of cancers, including gastric cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The hypothesis tested here is that septins contribute to cancer by stabilizing the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, an important target for cancer treatment. Septins and ErbB2 were highly over-expressed in gastric cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by MS analysis identified ErbB2 as a septin-interacting protein. Knockdown of septin-2 or cell exposure to forchlorfenuron (FCF), a well-established inhibitor of septin oligomerization, decreased surface and total levels of ErbB2. These treatments had no effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), emphasizing the specificity and functionality of the septin-ErbB2 interaction. The level of ubiquitylated ErbB2 at the plasma membrane was elevated in cells treated with FCF, which was accompanied by a decrease in co-localization of ErbB2 with septins at the membrane. Cathepsin B inhibitor, but not bafilomycin or lactacystin, prevented FCF-induced decrease in total ErbB2 by increasing accumulation of ubiquitylated ErbB2 in lysosomes. Therefore, septins protect ErbB2 from ubiquitylation, endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. The FCF-induced degradation pathway is distinct from and additive with the degradation induced by inhibiting ErbB2 chaperone Hsp90. These results identify septins as novel regulators of ErbB2 expression that contribute to the remarkable stabilization of the receptor at the plasma membrane of cancer cells and may provide a basis for the development of new ErbB2-targeting anti-cancer therapies.
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30
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Abstract
First-generation, reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), erlotinib and gefitinib, represented an important addition to the treatment armamentarium for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations. However, all patients inevitably develop acquired resistance to these agents, primarily due to secondary EGFR mutations, molecular aberrations affecting other signaling pathways, or transformation to small-cell histology. It was hypothesized that development of second-generation TKIs with broader inhibitory profiles could confer longer-lasting clinical activity and overcome acquired resistance to first-generation inhibitors. Here, we review the development of afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker that potently inhibits signaling of all homodimers and heterodimers formed by the EGFR, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2, HER3, and HER4 receptors. In two phase III trials in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, first-line afatinib significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and health-related quality of life versus standard-of-care chemotherapy. Moreover, in preplanned sub-analyses, afatinib significantly improved overall survival in patients harboring EGFR Del19 mutations. Afatinib has also demonstrated clinical activity in NSCLC patients who had progressed on erlotinib/gefitinib, particularly when combined with cetuximab, and offers ‘treatment beyond progression’ benefit when combined with paclitaxel versus chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, a recent phase III study demonstrated that PFS was significantly improved with afatinib versus erlotinib for the second-line treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The activity of afatinib in both first-line and relapsed/refractory settings may reflect its ability to irreversibly inhibit all ErbB family members. Afatinib has a well-defined safety profile with characteristic gastrointestinal (diarrhea, stomatitis) and cutaneous (rash/acne) adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Hirsh
- McGill Department of Oncology, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue W., Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada,
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31
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Lee SY, Oh SC. Changing strategies for target therapy in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1179-89. [PMID: 26811656 PMCID: PMC4716029 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of a worldwide decrease in the incidence of gastric cancer, this malignancy still remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Great efforts have been made to improve treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, and the introduction of trastuzumab has greatly improved the overall survival. The trastuzumab treatment took its first step in opening the era of molecular targeted therapy, however several issues still need to be resolved to increase the efficacy of targeted therapy. Firstly, many patients with metastatic gastric cancer who receive trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapeutic agents develop resistance to the targeted therapy. Secondly, many clinical trials testing novel molecular targeted agents with demonstrated efficacy in other malignancies have failed to show benefit in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, suggesting the importance of the selection of appropriate indications according to molecular characteristics in application of targeted agents. Herein, we review the molecular targeted agents currently approved and in use, and clinical trials in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, and demonstrate the limitations and future direction in treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
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32
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Yazici O, Sendur MAN, Ozdemir N, Aksoy S. Targeted therapies in gastric cancer and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:471-89. [PMID: 26811601 PMCID: PMC4716053 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is associated with a high mortality rate and, despite multiple new chemotherapy options, the survival rates of patients with AGC remains poor. After the discovery of targeted therapies, research has focused on the new treatment options for AGC. In the last two decades, many targeted molecules were developed against AGC. Currently, two targeted therapy molecules have been approved for patients with AGC. In 2010, trastuzumab was the first molecule shown to improve survival in patients with HER2-positive AGC as part of a first-line combination regimen. In 2014, ramucirumab was the second targeted molecule to improve survival rates and was suggested as treatment for patients with AGC who had progressed after first-line platinum plus fluoropyrimidine with or without anthracycline chemotherapy. Ramucirumab was the first targeted therapy acting as a single agent in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancers. Although these two molecules were introduced into clinical use, many other promising molecules have been tested in phase I-II trials. It is obvious that in the near future many different targeted therapies will be in use for treatment of AGC. In this review, the current status of targeted therapies in the treatment of AGC and gastroesophageal junction tumors, including HER (2-3) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antiangiogenic agents, c-MET inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, agents against other molecular pathways fibroblast growth factor, Claudins, insulin-like growth factor, heat shock proteins, and immunotherapy, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Yazici
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - M Ali Nahit Sendur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Sercan Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Surgery combined with multimodal therapy remains the only curative therapy. However, local relapse or distant metastases occur in more than 50% of radically resected patients. Due to molecular therapies, targeting HER2 and angiogenesis, major advances in the treatment of gastric cancer could be achieved. Nevertheless, development of resistance to monoclonal antibodies, such as trastuzumab, is arising. Currently a number of promising new therapeutic are under investigation, combining chemotherapy with newly developed agents to overcome cancer resistance. In this review we report current clinical applications of targeted therapies and overview ongoing trials, investigating the use of monoclonal antibodies in (HER2 positive) gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jomrich
- a Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - S F Schoppmann
- a Department of Surgery, Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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34
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Zhou J, Zhi X, Wang L, Wang W, Li Z, Tang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Xu Z. Linc00152 promotes proliferation in gastric cancer through the EGFR-dependent pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:135. [PMID: 26538117 PMCID: PMC4632266 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Linc00152 has been identified highly associated with the tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer, however, the detailed mechanism of Linc00152 involved still remains unclear. Methods RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of Linc00152 and EGFR. The CCK8 and EDU assay was employed to measure cell proliferation while xenotransplantation technology was applied in BALB/C nude mice. The interaction between lncRNA and target protein was investigated by RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Results In this study, we first confirmed the upregulation of cytoplasmic expressed Linc00152 in 72 pair tissues of gastric patients. A suppression of cell proliferation and tumor growth was obtained in MGC803 and HGC-27 cells treated with Linc00152 shRNA. RNA pull-down and RIP assay revealed that Linc00152 could directly bind with EGFR which caused an activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusion We first found that Linc00152 could promote tumor growth through EGFR-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway which may serve as potential targets for therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Ko YS, Cho SJ, Park J, Kim Y, Choi YJ, Pyo JS, Jang BG, Park JW, Kim WH, Lee BL. Loss of FOXO1 promotes gastric tumour growth and metastasis through upregulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu expression. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1186-96. [PMID: 26448177 PMCID: PMC4647872 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological significance of FOXO1, a member of the forkhead box O transcription factor family, in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. The present study provides direct evidence of the role of FOXO1 in tumour growth and metastasis of GC in relation to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). METHODS The expressions of FOXO1 and HER2 were modulated in GC cell lines (SNU-638, MKN45, SNU-216 and NCI-N87) by stable transfections. The effects of transfection on GC phenotypes were evaluated in vitro and in animal models. In addition, the relationship between FOXO1 and HER2 was analysed using GC clinical specimens, cell lines and xenografts. RESULTS FOXO1 silencing in GC cells increased colony formation and mesenchymal transition in vitro, as well as tumour growth and metastasis in nude mice, whereas HER2 silencing induced the opposite results.. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between FOXO1 and HER2 was found in clinical specimens of GC, GC cells and GC xenograft tumours. Although a negative crosstalk between these two molecules was shown, double knockdown of both FOXO1 and HER2 in GC cells revealed that HER2 silencing reversed the FOXO1 shRNA-induced migration and invasion even without the FOXO1 restoration. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that loss of FOXO1 promotes GC growth and metastasis by upregulating HER2 expression and that the HER2 expression is more critical to the induction of GC cell metastasis. The present study provides evidence that the FOXO1/HER2 pathway may regulate GC progression in a subgroup of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young San Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Tumour Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Yong Joon Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 110-746, South Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju 690-767, South Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.,Tumour Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Li C, Huang S, Armstrong EA, Francis DM, Werner LR, Sliwkowski MX, van der Kogel A, Harari PM. Antitumor Effects of MEHD7945A, a Dual-Specific Antibody against EGFR and HER3, in Combination with Radiation in Lung and Head and Neck Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2049-59. [PMID: 26141946 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor family members (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) play important roles in tumorigenesis and response to cancer therapeutics. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the dual-target antibody MEHD7945A that simultaneously targets EGFR and HER3 to modulate radiation response in lung and head and neck cancer models. Antitumor effects of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation were evaluated in cell culture and tumor xenograft models. Mechanisms that may contribute to increased radiation killing by MEHD7945A, including DNA damage and inhibition of EGFR-HER signaling pathways, were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor xenografts was conducted to evaluate the effect of MEHD7945A in combination with radiation on tumor growth and microenvironment. MEHD7945A inhibited basal and radiation-induced EGFR and HER3 activation resulting in the inhibition of tumor cell growth and enhanced radiosensitivity. MEHD7945A was more effective in augmenting radiation response than treatment with individual anti-EGFR or anti-HER3 antibodies. An increase in DNA double-strand breaks associated γ-H2AX was observed in cells receiving combined treatment with MEHD7945A and radiation. Immunohistochemical staining evaluation in human tumor xenografts showed that MEHD7945A combined with radiation significantly reduced the expression of markers of tumor proliferation and tumor vasculature. These findings reveal the capacity of MEHD7945A to augment radiation response in lung and head and neck cancers. The dual EGFR/HER3-targeting action of MEHD7945A merits further investigation and clinical trial evaluation as a radiation sensitizer in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Li
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shyhmin Huang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Eric A Armstrong
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David M Francis
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauryn R Werner
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Albert van der Kogel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Wang X, Batty KM, Crowe PJ, Goldstein D, Yang JL. The Potential of panHER Inhibition in Cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:2. [PMID: 25674538 PMCID: PMC4309158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hyper-activation of the HER (erbB) family receptors, HER 1-4, leads to up-regulation of the three vital signaling pathways: mitogen activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Blocking HER1/EGFR has a limited anticancer effect due to either secondary mutation e.g., T790M or by-pass signaling of other HER members. The emergence of an anti-panHER approach to blockade of these pathways as a cancer treatment may provide a solution to this resistance. This review aimed to provide an overview of the HER signaling pathways and their involvement in tumor progression and examine the current progress in panHER inhibition. Methods: Recent literature associated with HER signaling pathways and panHER inhibition was reviewed through PubMed and Medline database, followed by critical comparison and analysis. Results: Pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of panHER inhibitors show promising results, and the potential to improve patient outcomes in solid cancers. Conclusion: The use of panHER inhibitors in cancers with HER-family hyper-activation, such as other epithelial cancers and sarcoma, is a new direction to research and has potential in clinical cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Kathleen M Batty
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Philip J Crowe
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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38
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Recent advances in the HER2 targeted therapy of gastric cancer. World J Clin Cases 2015; 3:42-51. [PMID: 25610849 PMCID: PMC4295218 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v3.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular targeted therapies, including targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), had a major forward step in the therapy for gastric cancer patients. Application of HER2-targeted therapies, in particular trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic HER2-positive gastric cancers, resulted in improvements in response rates, time to progression and overall survival. Nevertheless, as with breast cancer, many patients with gastric cancer develop resistance to trastuzumab. Several promising therapies are currently being developed in combination with chemotherapy to increase the efficacy and overcome the cancer-resistance. Here we review the current overview of clinical application of agents targeting HER2 in gastric cancer. We also discuss the ongoing trials supporting the use of HER2-targeted agents combined with cytotoxic agents or other monoclonal antibodies.
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Mok T, Lee K, Tang M, Leung L. Dacomitinib for the treatment of advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2014; 10:813-22. [PMID: 24799062 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dacomitinib (PF-00299804) is a second-generation irreversible HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). In preclinical studies, dacomitinib has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in lung cancer cell lines with sensitive and resistant EGFR mutations (including the T790 mutation). Safety and well tolerability of dacomitinib were demonstrated in Phase I studies with stomatitis, diarrhea and skin toxicities being the dose-limiting toxicities. The maximum tolerated dose was established to be 45 mg/day. In Phase II and III studies, dacomitinib has shown clinical activity in both HER tyrosine kinase-naive and HER tyrosine kinase failure settings. Further clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of dacomitinib in non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Mok
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sir YK Pau Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Southern China, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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40
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Al-Batran SE, Werner D. Recent advances and future trends in the targeted therapy of metastatic gastric cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:555-69. [PMID: 24665840 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.902304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind gastric cancer has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies that are likely to improve patient outcomes in the near future. Recently, targeting the HER2 and the VEGF pathways with trastuzumab and ramucirumab, respectively, have been found to improve survival, while directed therapies against a number of other pathways are under clinical evaluation. These include the hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-MET, the insulin-like growth factor 1, the fibroblast growth factor, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the epidermal growth factor receptor, and other pathways, as well as relevant immunotherapeutic strategies. This article reviews recent advances and future trends of these concepts for gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, UCT-University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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41
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Huang Y, Benaich N, Tape C, Kwok HF, Murphy G. Targeting the sheddase activity of ADAM17 by an anti-ADAM17 antibody D1(A12) inhibits head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and motility via blockage of bradykinin induced HERs transactivation. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:702-14. [PMID: 25013379 PMCID: PMC4081605 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) regulates key cellular processes including proliferation and migration through the shedding of a diverse array of substrates such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands. ADAM17 is implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As a central mediator of cellular events, overexpressed EGFR is a validated molecular target in HNSCC. However, EGFR inhibition constantly leads to tumour resistance. One possible mechanism of resistance is the activation of alternative EGFR family receptors and downstream pathways via the release of their ligands. Here, we report that treating human HNSCC cells in vitro with a human anti-ADAM17 inhibitory antibody, D1(A12), suppresses proliferation and motility in the absence or presence of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib. Treatment with D1(A12) decreases both the endogenous and the bradykinin (BK)-stimulated shedding of HER ligands, accompanied by a reduction in the phosphorylation of HER receptors and downstream signalling pathways including STAT3, AKT and ERK. Knockdown of ADAM17, but not ADAM10, also suppresses HNSCC cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, we show that heregulin (HRG) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor (HB-EGF) predominantly participate in proliferation and migration, respectively. Taken together, these results demonstrate that D1(A12)-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, motility, phosphorylation of HER receptors and downstream signalling is achieved via reduced shedding of ADAM17 ligands. These findings underscore the importance of ADAM17 and suggest that D1(A12) might be an effective targeted agent for treating EGFR TKI-resistant HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Huang
- 1. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, UK ; 2. IONTAS Ltd, Hopkins Building, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK (current address)
| | - Nathan Benaich
- 1. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, UK ; 4. Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK (current address)
| | - Christopher Tape
- 1. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, UK ; 5. The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK (current address)
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- 1. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, UK ; 3. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau (current address)
| | - Gillian Murphy
- 1. Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, UK
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42
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Moorcraft SY, Chau I. Investigational therapies targeting the ErbB family in oesophagogastric cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1349-63. [PMID: 24949530 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.930126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis for patients with oesophagogastric (OG) cancer remains poor, with a median survival of approximately 9 - 11 months for patients with metastatic disease. However, a more personalised approach to treatment, using drugs tailored to the molecular characteristics of patients' tumours, has the potential to improve patient outcomes. Drugs targeting the ErbB family of receptors have been developed, but these have had varying degrees of success in clinical practice. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an overview of the ErbB receptor family with regard to OG cancers. Furthermore, they evaluate the evidence from preclinical and clinical trials of therapeutics targeting this family, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and novel agents. EXPERT OPINION Drugs targeting the ErbB family have been evaluated in OG cancer, with a notable success story in the case of trastuzumab, although there have been disappointing failures with anti-EGFR therapy. The response to targeted treatment remains variable and further biomarker research is essential to identify patients most likely to benefit from these therapies. The treatment of OG cancer remains challenging, but new anti-HER2 therapies and combination therapies hold promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Yu Moorcraft
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine , Sutton SM2 5PT , UK +44 020 8642 6011 ; +44 020 8643 9414 ;
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Gomez-Martín C, Lopez-Rios F, Aparicio J, Barriuso J, García-Carbonero R, Pazo R, Rivera F, Salgado M, Salud A, Vázquez-Sequeiros E, Lordick F. A critical review of HER2-positive gastric cancer evaluation and treatment: from trastuzumab, and beyond. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:30-40. [PMID: 24943493 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the importance of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status, biomarker testing and the development of anti-HER2 treatments have changed the prognosis of breast and gastric cancers. The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy has improved outcomes for patients with HER2-positive metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction, but some relevant issues remain to be elucidated or will emerge with new drugs. This article reviews the current state of HER2 in gastric cancer focusing on diagnostic and anti-HER2 targeted treatment issues and the role of trastuzumab in localized disease, and its combination or integration with new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gomez-Martín
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Unit and Early Drug Development Unit, Medical Oncology Division, "12 de Octubre" University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Dianas Terapéuticas, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Universitario Madrid Sanchinarro, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Lopez-Rios
- Laboratorio de Dianas Terapéuticas, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Universitario Madrid Sanchinarro, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Aparicio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Upper GI Unit, Oncology Department, La Paz University Hospital-IdIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio García-Carbonero
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Universidad de Sevilla, CSIC, HUVR, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Pazo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salgado
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Antonieta Salud
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Clinic Leipzig, Germany
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Modjtahedi H, Cho BC, Michel MC, Solca F. A comprehensive review of the preclinical efficacy profile of the ErbB family blocker afatinib in cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 387:505-21. [PMID: 24643470 PMCID: PMC4019832 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Afatinib (also known as BIBW 2992) has recently been approved in several countries for the treatment of a distinct type of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the preclinical data on afatinib, an irreversible inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB) including EGFR, HER2 and ErbB4. Afatinib covalently binds to cysteine 797 of the EGFR and the corresponding cysteines 805 and 803 in HER2 and ErbB4, respectively. Such covalent binding irreversibly inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of these receptors, resulting in reduced auto- and transphosphorylation within the ErbB dimers and inhibition of important steps in the signal transduction of all ErbB receptor family members. Afatinib inhibits cellular growth and induces apoptosis in a wide range of cells representative for non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell cancer and several other cancer types exhibiting abnormalities of the ErbB network. This translates into tumour shrinkage in a variety of in vivo rodent models of such cancers. Afatinib retains inhibitory effects on signal transduction and in vitro and in vivo cancer cell growth in tumours resistant to reversible EGFR inhibitors, such as those exhibiting the T790M mutations. Several combination treatments have been explored to prevent and/or overcome development of resistance to afatinib, the most promising being those with EGFR- or HER2-targeted antibodies, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors or inhibitors of downstream signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin C. Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Regional Medicine and Scientific Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Flavio Solca
- Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Doktor-Böhringer Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria
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Williams JP, Kim I, Ito E, Shi W, Yue S, Siu LL, Waldron J, O'Sullivan B, Yip KW, Liu FF. Pre-clinical characterization of Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, combined with ionizing radiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98557. [PMID: 24853121 PMCID: PMC4031184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in nearly all cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), and is an important driver of disease progression. EGFR targeted therapies have demonstrated clinical benefit for SCCHN treatment. In this report, we investigated the pre-clinical efficacy of Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, both alone and in combination with ionizing radiation (IR), a primary curative modality for SCCHN. One normal oral epithelial (NOE) and three SCCHN (FaDu, UT-SCC-8, UT-SCC-42a) cell lines were used to conduct cell viability, clonogenic survival, cell cycle, and immunoblotting assays in vitro, using increasing doses of Dacomitinib (10–500 nM), both with and without IR (2–4 Gy). The FaDu xenograft model was utilized for tumor growth delay assays in vivo, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on extracted tumors. A dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and clonogenic survival after Dacomitinib treatment was observed in all three SCCHN models. Treatment led to a significant reduction in EGFR signalling, with a subsequent decrease in phosphorylation of downstream targets such as ERK, AKT, and mTOR. In vivo, Dacomitinib treatment delayed tumor growth, while decreasing phospho-EGFR and Ki-67 immunoexpression. These effects were further enhanced when combined with IR, both in vitro and in vivo. The preclinical data support the further evaluations of Dacomitinib combined with IR for the future management of patients with SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P. Williams
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inki Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Emma Ito
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shijun Yue
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L. Siu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Waldron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth W. Yip
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jørgensen JT. Role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in gastric cancer: biological and pharmacological aspects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4526-35. [PMID: 24782605 PMCID: PMC4000489 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene and overexpression of the HER2 protein is found in 15%-20% of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. The degree of HER2 overexpression and amplification varies with the location of the carcinoma, with higher expression in the gastroesophageal and proximal parts compared to the distal parts of the stomach. Further, HER2 overexpression and amplification also seems to be related to the Lauren histological classification, with higher levels found in the intestinal phenotype compared to the diffuse and mixed types. The prognostic properties of HER2 overexpression and amplification are still under debate, but a large number of studies seem to indicate that HER2 is a negative prognostic factor. The usefulness of HER2 targeted therapy in gastric cancer was demonstrated in the ToGA trial, where HER2-positive patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive 5-FU/capecitabine and cisplatin, either alone or in combination with trastuzumab. A statically significant gain in overall survival was seen in patients who received the combined treatment of trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Patients with a strong overexpression of the HER2 protein (IHC3+) specifically benefited from the treatment, with a median overall survival of 17.9 mo. As a consequence of the positive results of the ToGA trial, patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are now routinely tested for HER2. The ToGA trial must be characterized as a landmark in the treatment of gastric cancer and it has paved the way for a number of new HER2 targeted compounds such as pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, lapatinib, afatinib, and dacomitinib, which are currently undergoing phase II and III clinical testing. Overall, this review will discuss the current status of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer and the future direction in relation to HER2 target therapy.
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SHIMOYAMA SHOUJI. Unraveling trastuzumab and lapatinib inefficiency in gastric cancer: Future steps (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:175-181. [PMID: 24649329 PMCID: PMC3917765 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly developed concept of oncogene addiction provides a rationale for the use of targeted therapies. In sharp contrast to the field of breast cancer treatment, attempts to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) among gastric cancer (GC) patients have been unsatisfactory. The ToGA trial reported only a modest prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) with trastuzumab and the subsequent TYTAN and LOGiC trials failed to demonstrate any survival advantage with lapatinib. These results suggest that a response to the molecular-targeted therapies is achieved in only a fraction of the patients; in addition, even responders may experience secondary resistance, with the efficacy of the treatment being decreased or abrogated over a short period of time. Considering the increased recognition of primary or acquired resistance, recent investigations on targeted therapies have been primarily focused on determining in advance the mechanisms that may mediate resistance to treatment and the methods through which such obstacles may be circumvented. The proposed molecules or mechanisms that may be responsible for the development of resistance to single HER2-targeted therapy include a dimerization partner or crosstalk with HER2, such as HER3 and MET, as well as any subsequent activation of their downstream pathways, which exhibit a partial overlap with those of HER2. Furthermore, genetic alterations that stimulate the aberrant activation of the pathways downstream of HER2 may be the underlying mechanisms that restore prosurvival signaling. These mechanisms generate a complex signaling network with a significant potential for signal amplification and diversification. Although in the early stages of description, several compounds have been suggested as next generation treatments for GC, with expectations for their delineating the function of such receptors or molecules, with subsequent contributions of specific survival signaling blockades. This review focuses on the current achievements of anti-HER2 therapies in GC and the plausible mechanisms of resistance to these therapies. Elucidating these mechanisms of resistance may provide valuable information pertinent to the design of future strategies to improve molecular-targeted therapies.
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Hong L, Han Y, Brain L. The role of epidermal growth factor receptor in prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:111-7. [PMID: 24410474 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.844648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts to reduce deaths due to gastric cancer, it represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. EGF receptor (EGFR) plays important roles in gastric carcinogenesis by regulation of cell cycle, angiogenesis and apoptosis. This review evaluates the functions, mechanisms and clinical uses of EGFR in gastric cancer. Although EGFR targeted single therapy shows limited effect, the combination of EGFR targeted agents with traditional chemotherapy regimens may bring about important progress in cancer therapy. More clinical trials should be performed to clarify both the prognostic and therapeutic value of EGFR in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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Grivas PD, Day KC, Karatsinides A, Paul A, Shakir N, Owainati I, Liebert M, Kunju LP, Thomas D, Hussain M, Day ML. Evaluation of the antitumor activity of dacomitinib in models of human bladder cancer. Mol Med 2013; 19:367-76. [PMID: 24166682 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family play a significant role in bladder cancer progression and may underlie the development of chemotherapy resistance. Dacomitinib is an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor with structural specificity for the catalytic domains of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2 and HER4 that has exhibited vigorous efficacy against other solid tumors. We evaluated the antitumor activity of dacomitinib in human bladder cancer cell lines expressing varying levels of HER family receptors. These cell lines also were established as bladder cancer xenografts in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice to assess dacomitinib activity in vivo. Significant cytotoxic and cytostatic effects were noted in cells expressing elevated levels of the dacomitinib target receptors with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest being the predominant mechanisms of antitumor activity. Cells expressing lower levels of HER receptors were much less sensitive to dacomitinib. Interestingly, dacomitinib was more active than either trastuzumab or cetuximab in vitro, and exhibited increased growth inhibition of bladder tumor xenografts compared with lapatinib. Pharmacodynamic effects of dacomitinib included decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) expression, reduction of EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and reduced mitotic count. Dacomitinib also inhibited tumor growth in a chemotherapy-resistant xenograft and, when combined with chemotherapy in a sensitive xenograft, exhibited superior antitumor effects compared with individual treatments. Evaluation in xenograft-bearing mice revealed that this combination was broadly feasible and well tolerated. In conclusion, dacomitinib exhibited pronounced activity both as a single agent and when combined with chemotherapy in human bladder cancer models. Further investigation of dacomitinib in the preclinical and clinical trial settings is being pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros D Grivas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kathleen C Day
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andreas Karatsinides
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Paul
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nazia Shakir
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Iya Owainati
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Monica Liebert
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi P Kunju
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maha Hussain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mark L Day
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Luis M, Tavares A, Carvalho LS, Lara-Santos L, Araújo A, Mello RAD. Personalizing therapies for gastric cancer: molecular mechanisms and novel targeted therapies. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6383-97. [PMID: 24151357 PMCID: PMC3801309 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i38.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, gastric cancer is the 4(th) most frequently diagnosed cancer and the 2(nd) leading cause of death from cancer, with an estimated 990000 new cases and 738000 deaths registered in 2008. In the advanced setting, standard chemotherapies protocols acquired an important role since last decades in prolong survival. Moreover, recent advances in molecular therapies provided a new interesting weapon to treat advanced gastric cancer through anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies. Trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, was the first target drug in the metastatic setting that showed benefit in overall survival when in association with platinum-5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. Further, HER2 overexpression analysis acquired a main role in predict response for trastuzumab in this field. Thus, we conducted a review that will discuss the main points concerning trastuzumab and HER2 in gastric cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanisms and novel trials involved.
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