1
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de Queiroz GN, Lima K, de Miranda LBL, Rego EM, Traina F, Machado-Neto JA. NT157 exhibits antineoplastic effects by targeting IRS and STAT3/5 signaling in multiple myeloma. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024:S2531-1379(24)00062-2. [PMID: 38523043 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematological malignancy with high recurrence and no definitive cure. The current study revisits the role of the IGF1/IGF1R axis in MM, introducing a novel inhibitor, NT157. The IGF1/IGF1R pathway is pivotal in MM, influencing cell survival, proliferation, and migration and impacting patient survival outcomes. NT157 targets intracellular proteins such as IRS and STAT proteins and demonstrates antineoplastic potential in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. In the present study, we assessed IGF1R signaling-related gene expression in MM patients and healthy donors, unveiling significant distinctions. MM cell lines displayed varying expression patterns of IGF1R-related proteins. A gene dependence analysis indicated the importance of targeting receptor and intracellular elements over autocrine IGF1. NT157 exhibited inhibitory effects on MM cell viability, clonal growth, cell cycle progression, and survival. Moreover, NT157 reduced IRS2 expression and STAT3, STAT5, and RPS6 activation and modulated oncogenes and tumor suppressors, fostering a tumor-suppressive molecular profile. In summary, our study demonstrates that the IGF1/IGF1R/IRS signaling axis is differentially activated in MM cells and the NT157's capacity to modulate crucial molecular targets, promoting antiproliferative effects and apoptosis in MM cells. NT157 may offer a multifaceted approach to enhance MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nery de Queiroz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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2
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Huggins RJ, Greene GL. ERα/PR crosstalk is altered in the context of the ERα Y537S mutation and contributes to endocrine therapy-resistant tumor proliferation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:96. [PMID: 38036546 PMCID: PMC10689488 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active ESR1 Y537S mutation is associated with endocrine therapy (ET) resistance and progression of metastatic breast cancer through its effects on estrogen receptor (ERα) gene regulatory functions. However, the complex relationship between ERα and the progesterone receptor (PR), known as ERα/PR crosstalk, has yet to be characterized in the context of the ERα Y537S mutation. Using proximity ligation assays, we identify an increased physical interaction of ERα and PR in the context of the ERα Y537S mutation, including in the nucleus where this interaction may translate to altered gene expression. As such, more than 30 genes were differentially expressed in both patient tumor and cell line data (MCF7 and/or T47D cells) in the context of the ERα Y537S mutation compared to ERα WT. Of these, IRS1 stood out as a gene of interest, and ERα and PR occupancy at chromatin binding sites along IRS1 were uniquely altered in the context of ERα Y537S. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of IRS1 or treatment with the IRS1 inhibitor NT-157 had a significant anti-proliferative effect in ERα Y537S cell lines, implicating IRS1 as a potential therapeutic target for restoring treatment sensitivity to patients with breast cancers harboring ERα Y537S mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Huggins
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Geoffrey L Greene
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Kumar S, Senapati S, Bhattacharya N, Bhattacharya A, Maurya SK, Husain H, Bhatti JS, Pandey AK. Mechanism and recent updates on insulin-related disorders. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5840-5856. [PMID: 37727490 PMCID: PMC10506040 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i25.5840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Neetu Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Hadiya Husain
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, India
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4
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Le C, Hu X, Tong L, Ye X, Zhang J, Yan J, Sherchan P, Zhang JH, Gao F, Tang J. Inhibition of LAR attenuates neuroinflammation through RhoA/IRS-1/Akt signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:869-881. [PMID: 36802818 PMCID: PMC10196755 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231159352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte common antigen-related phosphatase (LAR) is widely expressed in the central nervous system and is known to regulate a variety of processes including cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. However, little is currently known about LAR signaling mediated neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The objective of this study was to investigate the role of LAR in ICH using autologous blood injection-induced ICH mouse model. Expression of endogenous proteins, brain edema and neurological function after ICH were evaluated. Extracellular LAR peptide (ELP), an inhibitor of LAR, was administered to ICH mice and outcomes were evaluated. LAR activating-CRISPR or IRS inhibitor NT-157 was administered to elucidate the mechanism. The results showed that expressions of LAR, its endogenous agonist chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) including neurocan and brevican, and downstream factor RhoA increased after ICH. Administration of ELP reduced brain edema, improved neurological function, and decreased microglia activation after ICH. ELP decreased RhoA and phosphorylated serine-IRS1, increased phosphorylated tyrosine-IRS1 and p-Akt, and attenuated neuroinflammation after ICH, which was reversed by LAR activating-CRISPR or NT-157. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that LAR contributed to neuroinflammation after ICH via RhoA/IRS-1 pathway, and ELP may be a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate LAR mediated neuroinflammation after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Le
- Department of Neurology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
China
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo
Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, West
China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lusha Tong
- Department of Neurology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
China
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xianghua Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi
Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second
Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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5
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Li CX, Men CD, Yang WH, Chen R, Zhu JH, Cheng ZP. Repressing IRS1/2 by NT157 inhibits the malignant behaviors of ovarian cancer through inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and inducing autophagy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:377-389. [PMID: 36727938 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) have been found involved in many cancers development and their inhibitors exert significant tumor-suppressive effects. Here, we tried to explore the function of NT157, an IGF1R-IRS1/2 inhibitor, in ovarian cancer. We treated ovarian cancer cells with varying doses of NT157. The MTT assay was employed to evaluate cell proliferation and colony formation assay was used for detecting colony-forming ability. TUNEL assay was adopted to test cell apoptosis. Cell invasion was checked by the Transwell assay. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, autophagy markers, IRS1/2, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was compared by Western blot, immunofluorescence, or qRT-PCR. As indicated by the data, NT157 abated the viability, proliferation, and induced autophagy of ovarian cancer cells. Overexpressing IRS1/2 attenuated the tumor-suppressive effect of NT157 and heightened the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway enhanced the tumor-suppressive effect of NT157 and facilitated NT157-mediated autophagy. However, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA partly reversed NT-157-mediated antitumor effects. In conclusion, this study disclosed that NT157 suppressed the malignant phenotypes of ovarian cancer cells by inducing autophagy and hampering the expression of IRS1/2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Di Men
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Hong Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Hui Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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6
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NT157 exerts antineoplastic activity by targeting JNK and AXL signaling in lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17092. [PMID: 36224313 PMCID: PMC9556623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapies or multi-targeted drugs have been pointed out as an option to prevent the emergence of resistant clones, which could make long-term treatment more effective and translate into better clinical outcomes for cancer patients. The NT157 compound is a synthetic tyrphostin that leads to long-term inhibition of IGF1R/IRS1-2-, STAT3- and AXL-mediated signaling pathways. Given the importance of these signaling pathways for the development and progression of lung cancer, this disease becomes an interesting model for generating preclinical evidence on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic activity of NT157. In lung cancer cells, exposure to NT157 decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, cell viability, clonogenicity, cell cycle progression and migration, and induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). In the molecular scenario, NT157 reduced expression of IRS1 and AXL and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, AKT, and 4EBP1. Besides, NT157 decreased expression of oncogenes BCL2, CCND1, MYB, and MYC and increased genes related to cellular stress and apoptosis, JUN, BBC3, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, FOS, and EGR1 (p < 0.05), favoring a tumor-suppressive cell signaling network in the context of lung cancer. Of note, JNK was identified as a key kinase for NT157-induced IRS1 and IRS2 phosphorylation, revealing a novel axis involved in the mechanism of action of the drug. NT157 also presented potentiating effects on EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer cells. In conclusion, our preclinical findings highlight NT157 as a putative prototype of a multitarget drug that may contribute to the antineoplastic arsenal against lung cancer.
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7
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Hou YJ, Li D, Wang W, Mao L, Fu X, Sun B, Fan C. NT157 inhibits cell proliferation and sensitizes glioma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulating DR5 expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Fernandes JC, Fenerich BA, Alves-Silva AB, Fonseca NP, Coelho-Silva JL, Scheucher PS, Rego EM, Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F. Differential cytotoxic activity of pharmacological inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in JAK2 V617F driven cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 83:105384. [PMID: 35568132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) belong to a group of clonal diseases of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by aberrant proliferation of mature myeloid lineages. The constitutive activation of the JAK2/STAT signaling pathway is now well established to play a central role in MPN pathogenesis; however, accumulating evidence now indicates that the IGF1R-mediated signaling pathway contributes to the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Studies using inhibitors of IGF1-mediated signaling have reported cytotoxic effects in cellular and murine models of MPN, but no consensus has been reached regarding the potency and efficacy of inhibitors of the IGF1R-related pathway in this context. In the present study, we compared the potency and efficacy of three inhibitors of IGF1R-related pathways in a JAK2V617F-driven cellular model. These inhibitors (NT157, OSI-906, and NVP-AEW54) present antineoplastic activity with similar efficacy in Ba/F3 JAK2V617F cells, with NT157 showing the greatest potency. Both the induction of apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation were associated with the observed reduction in cell viability. Downregulation of JAK2/STAT signaling was an advantageous off-target effect of all three inhibitors. These preclinical studies reinforce the potential of the IGF1R-related pathway as a therapeutic target in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio Bruno Alves-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natasha Peixoto Fonseca
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lôbo Figueiredo-Pontes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Imaging, Haematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Center for Cell Based Therapy, São Paulo Research Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Skolariki A, D’Costa J, Little M, Lord S. Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in mediating endocrine resistance: concept to clinic. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:172-199. [PMID: 36046843 PMCID: PMC9400772 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER) and for this group of patients, endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of systemic treatment. However, drug resistance is common and a focus for breast cancer preclinical and clinical research. Over the past 2 decades, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis has emerged as an important driver of treatment failure, and inhibitors of mTOR and PI3K are now licensed for the treatment of women with advanced ER-positive breast cancer who have relapsed on first-line hormonal therapy. This review presents the preclinical and clinical data that led to this new treatment paradigm and discusses future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Skolariki
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie D’Costa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Little
- Department of Oncology, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK
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10
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Jacob Berger A, Gigi E, Kupershmidt L, Meir Z, Gavert N, Zwang Y, Prior A, Gilad S, Harush U, Haviv I, Stemmer SM, Blum G, Merquiol E, Mardamshina M, Kaminski Strauss S, Friedlander G, Bar J, Kamer I, Reizel Y, Geiger T, Pilpel Y, Levin Y, Tanay A, Barzel B, Reuveni H, Straussman R. IRS1 phosphorylation underlies the non-stochastic probability of cancer cells to persist during EGFR inhibition therapy. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1055-1070. [PMID: 35121883 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stochastic transition of cancer cells between drug-sensitive and drug-tolerant persister phenotypes has been proposed to play a key role in non-genetic resistance to therapy. Yet, we show here that cancer cells actually possess a highly stable inherited chance to persist (CTP) during therapy. This CTP is non-stochastic, determined pre-treatment and has a unimodal distribution ranging from 0 to almost 100%. Notably, CTP is drug specific. We found that differential serine/threonine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein determines the CTP of lung and of head and neck cancer cells under epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, the first-in-class IRS1 inhibitor NT219 was highly synergistic with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy across multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Elucidation of drug-specific mechanisms that determine the degree and stability of cellular CTP may establish a framework for the elimination of cancer persisters, using new rationally designed drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Jacob Berger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elinor Gigi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lana Kupershmidt
- TyrNovo Ltd, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Zohar Meir
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaara Zwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Prior
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomit Gilad
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Uzi Harush
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Izhak Haviv
- TyrNovo Ltd, Rehovot, Israel.,Cancer Personalized Medicine and Diagnostic Genomics Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,AID Genomics and Gensort Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Salomon M Stemmer
- Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Felsenstien Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Blum
- Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Ein Karem, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Emmanuelle Merquiol
- Institute of Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Ein Karem, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mariya Mardamshina
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gilgi Friedlander
- Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jair Bar
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Reizel
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Baruch Barzel
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hadas Reuveni
- TyrNovo Ltd, Rehovot, Israel.,Purple Biotech Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Yu S, Wang Y, Lv K, Hou J, Li W, Wang X, Guo H, Wang W. NT157 Inhibits HCC Migration via Downregulating the STAT3/Jab1 Signaling Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211027916. [PMID: 34238066 PMCID: PMC8274079 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211027916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The high fatality-to-case ratio of hepatocellular carcinoma is directly related to metastasis. The signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 is a key mediator of the cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways and drives the transcription of genes responsible for cancer-associated phenotypes. However, so far, no specific inhibitor for signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 has been used in clinical practice. Therefore, targeting the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 for cancer therapy is highly desired to improve outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Experimental Design: Using the small-molecule inhibitor NT157, the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 inhibition on cell migration was tested in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and a lung metastasis model of the disease. Results: NT157 significantly inhibited the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro and lung metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Mechanistically, it inhibited the phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, NT157 treatment suppressed the c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 levels in the nucleus but no significant decrease was observed in its expression in the cytoplasm. Finally, high mRNA expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma were associated with significantly low survival rates. Conclusion: NT157 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma migration and metastasis by downregulating the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 signaling pathway and targeting it may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- SiZhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - KeJia Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - WenYuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - WenJuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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12
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Scopim-Ribeiro R, Machado-Neto JA, Eide CA, Coelho-Silva JL, Fenerich BA, Fernandes JC, Scheucher PS, Savage Stevens SL, de Melo Campos P, Olalla Saad ST, de Carvalho Palma L, de Figueiredo-Pontes LL, Simões BP, Rego EM, Tognon CE, Druker BJ, Traina F. NT157, an IGF1R-IRS1/2 inhibitor, exhibits antineoplastic effects in pre-clinical models of chronic myeloid leukemia. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:736-746. [PMID: 33403501 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is successfully treated with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but a significant percentage of patients develop resistance. Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) has been shown to constitutively associate with BCR-ABL1, and IRS1-specific silencing leads to antineoplastic effects in CML cell lines. Here, we characterized the efficacy of NT157, a pharmacological inhibitor of IGF1R-IRS1/2, in CML cells and observed significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation, accompanied by induction of apoptosis. In human K562 cells and in murine Ba/F3 cells, engineered to express either wild-type BCR-ABL1 or the imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL1T315I mutant, NT157 inhibited BCR-ABL1, IGF1R, IRS1/2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and STAT3/5 signaling, increased CDKN1A, FOS and JUN tumor suppressor gene expression, and reduced MYC and BCL2 oncogenes. NT157 significantly reduced colony formation of human primary CML cells with minimal effect on normal hematopoietic cells. Exposure of primary CML cells harboring BCR-ABL1T315I to NT157 resulted in increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation and decreased phospho-CRKL levels. In conclusion, NT157 has antineoplastic effects on BCR-ABL1 leukemogenesis, independent of T315I mutational status.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Mice
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrogallol/analogs & derivatives
- Pyrogallol/pharmacology
- Pyrogallol/therapeutic use
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Carvalho Palma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hematology Division, LIM31, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina E Tognon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirante 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) mediates progesterone receptor-driven stemness and endocrine resistance in oestrogen receptor+ breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:217-227. [PMID: 33144693 PMCID: PMC7782753 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progesterone receptors (PR) are potent modifiers of endocrine responses. In aberrant signalling cancer contexts, phosphorylation events dramatically alter steroid hormone receptor action. METHODS The transcriptomes of primary tumours and metastases in mice harbouring ER+ breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were analysed following single-cell RNAseq. In vitro assays were employed to delineate mechanisms of endocrine resistance and stemness. RESULTS A 16-gene phospho-Ser294 PR (p-PR) signature predicted poor outcome in ER+ breast cancer. Relative to primary PDX tumours, metastatic lesions expressed abundant p-PR and exhibited an activated PR gene programme with elevated expression of PGR and IRS-1. Breast cancer models of activated PR lost the expression of IGF1R and acquired insulin hypersensitivity with tamoxifen insensitivity. Activated p-PR+ breast cancer cells formed increased tumourspheres with enlarged ALDH+ and CD24-/CD44 populations. E2 induced PR/IRS-1 interaction and exchange of IGF1Rβ for IRS-1 in p-PR-containing transcriptional complexes. Inhibition of IRS-1 or IR and inducible IRS-1 knockdown reduced tumourspheres. Endocrine-resistant models of luminal B breast cancer induced p-PR in 3D cultures and required PR and IRS-1 for tumoursphere formation. CONCLUSIONS Phospho-PR-B cooperates with IRS-1 to promote outgrowth of endocrine-resistant and stem-like breast cancer cells. Targeting phospho-PR/IRS-1 crosstalk may block the emergence of endocrine resistance.
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14
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Barbagallo F, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Endocrinology of the Aging Prostate: Current Concepts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:554078. [PMID: 33692752 PMCID: PMC7939072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.554078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), one of the most common diseases in older men, adversely affects quality-of-life due to the presence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Numerous data support the presence of an association between BPH-related LUTS (BPH-LUTS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether hormonal changes occurring in MetS play a role in the pathogenesis of BPH-LUTS is a debated issue. Therefore, this article aimed to systematically review the impact of hormonal changes that occur during aging on the prostate, including the role of sex hormones, insulin-like growth factor 1, thyroid hormones, and insulin. The possible explanatory mechanisms of the association between BPH-LUTS and MetS are also discussed. In particular, the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-equivalent may represent a possible hypothesis to support this link. Male PCOS-equivalent has been defined as an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, which predisposes to the development of type II diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis in old age. Its early identification would help prevent the onset of these long-term complications.
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15
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Hua H, Kong Q, Yin J, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance: a challenge for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:64. [PMID: 32493414 PMCID: PMC7268628 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development, aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and tumor progression, thus providing the rationale for targeting IGF axis in cancer. However, clinical trials of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR)-targeted agents have been largely disappointing. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the IGF axis not only promotes tumorigenesis, but also confers resistance to standard treatments. Furthermore, there are diverse pathways leading to the resistance to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Recent studies characterizing the complex IGFs signaling in cancer have raised hope to refine the strategies for targeting the IGF axis. This review highlights the biological activities of IGF-IR signaling in cancer and the contribution of IGF-IR to cytotoxic, endocrine, and molecular targeted therapies resistance. Moreover, we update the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance to IGF-IR-targeted agents and discuss the strategies for future development of the IGF axis-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Wang C, Li S, Wang Y, An Y, Shen K, Wang X, Luan W, Ma F, Ni L, Zhou H, Liu M, Yu L. Targeting IRS-1/mPGES-1/NOX2 to inhibit the inflammatory response caused by insulin-like growth factor-I-induced activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 in cancer cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:689-698. [PMID: 32270590 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The levels of insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are abnormally elevated in various tumour tissues, and IGF-1 has been reported to be associated with the development and progression of inflammation in cancers. In this study, we found that IGF-1 activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NLRP3 inflammatory signalling via IRS-1/mPGES-1/NOX2-regulated ROS. Additionally, in the B16-F10 tumour-bearing mouse model, the number of tumours, tumour growth, invasion of tissues and expression of proinflammatory factors in peripheral blood were significantly decreased by treatment with an inhibitor combination compared with those of the IGF-1 group. Taken together, targeting IRS-1/mPGES-1/NOX2 to inhibit inflammation related to NF-κB and NLRP3 is a potential strategy for controlling the development and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan An
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Keshu Shen
- Jilin Hepatobiliary Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjing Luan
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fangxue Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of First Hospital of Jilin University, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Tan MSY, Sandanaraj E, Chong YK, Lim SW, Koh LWH, Ng WH, Tan NS, Tan P, Ang BT, Tang C. A STAT3-based gene signature stratifies glioma patients for targeted therapy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3601. [PMID: 31399589 PMCID: PMC6689009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM) tumors, thought to negatively influence therapeutic outcome. Previous studies showed that mesenchymal tumors have a worse outcome than the proneural subtype. Here we focus on STAT3 as its activation precedes the proneural-mesenchymal transition. We first establish a STAT3 gene signature that stratifies GBM patients into STAT3-high and -low cohorts. STAT3 inhibitor treatment selectively mitigates STAT3-high cell viability and tumorigenicity in orthotopic mouse xenograft models. We show the mechanism underlying resistance in STAT3-low cells by combining STAT3 signature analysis with kinome screen data on STAT3 inhibitor-treated cells. This allows us to draw connections between kinases affected by STAT3 inhibitors, their associated transcription factors and target genes. We demonstrate that dual inhibition of IGF-1R and STAT3 sensitizes STAT3-low cells and improves survival in mice. Our study underscores the importance of serially profiling tumors so as to accurately target individuals who may demonstrate molecular subtype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Si Yan Tan
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edwin Sandanaraj
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuk Kien Chong
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - See Wee Lim
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynnette Wei Hsien Koh
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Hoe Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beng Ti Ang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Carol Tang
- Neuro-Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Rodrigues Alves APN, Fernandes JC, Fenerich BA, Coelho-Silva JL, Scheucher PS, Simões BP, Rego EM, Ridley AJ, Machado-Neto JA, Traina F. IGF1R/IRS1 targeting has cytotoxic activity and inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 456:59-68. [PMID: 31042587 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The IGF1R/IRS1 signaling is activated in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and can be targeted by the pharmacological inhibitors NT157 (IGF1R-IRS1/2 inhibitor) and OSI-906 (IGF1R/IR inhibitor). Here we investigate the cellular and molecular effects of NT157 and OSI-906 in ALL cells. NT157 and OSI-906 treatment reduced viability, proliferation and cell cycle progression in ALL cell lines. Similarly, in primary samples of patients with ALL, both OSI-906 and NT157 reduced viability, but only NT157 induced apoptosis. NT157 and OSI-906 did not show cytotoxicity in primary samples from healthy donor. NT157 and OSI-906 significantly decreased Jurkat cell migration, but did not modulate Namalwa migration. Consistent with the more potent effect of NT157 on cells, NT157 significantly modulated expression of 25 genes related to the MAPK signaling pathway in Jurkat cells, including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Both compounds inhibited mTOR and p70S6K activity, but only NT157 inhibited AKT and 4-EBP1 activation. In summary, in ALL cells, NT157 has cytotoxic activity, whereas OSI-906 is cytostatic. NT157 has a stronger effect on ALL cells, and thus the direct inhibition of IRS1 may be a potential therapeutic target in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila Santos Scheucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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19
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MiR-30a regulates cancer cell response to chemotherapy through SNAI1/IRS1/AKT pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:153. [PMID: 30770779 PMCID: PMC6377638 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite gemcitabine being the leading chemotherapeutic drug for pancreatic cancer, many patients still relapse due to the drug resistance. We previously reported the molecular link between FKBP51 mediated AKT inhibition and gemcitabine response in pancreatic cancers. However, the upstream regulator of this pathway, especially the involvement of non-coding RNAs in gemcitabine response is still not clear. Here we delineated the miRNA expression profile and key signaling pathways associated with gemcitabine response. Furthermore, we confirmed that miR-30a, one node of this network, regulated cellular response to gemcitabine through SNAI1-IRS1-AKT pathway. MiR-30a directly targeted SNAI1, which activates AKT and ERK through regulating IRS1 in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, miR-30a is downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissue and associated with overall patient survival. We also identified miR-30a as an AKT-FOXO3a-regulated gene that forms a feedback loop. Together, these results demonstrate that miR-30a is an upstream regulator of the Akt pathway with a critical role in cancer etiology and chemoresistance.
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20
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Ahearn TU, Peisch S, Pettersson A, Ebot EM, Zhou CK, Graff RE, Sinnott JA, Fazli L, Judson GL, Bismar TA, Rider JR, Gerke T, Chan JM, Fiorentino M, Flavin R, Sesso HD, Finn S, Giovannucci EL, Gleave M, Loda M, Li Z, Pollak M, Mucci LA. Expression of IGF/insulin receptor in prostate cancer tissue and progression to lethal disease. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1431-1437. [PMID: 30165429 PMCID: PMC6314328 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is consistently associated with prostate cancer risk. IGF-1 binds to IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR), activating cancer hallmark pathways. Experimental evidence suggests that TMPRSS2:ERG may interact with IGF/insulin signaling to influence progression. We investigated IGF1R and IR expression and its association with lethal prostate cancer among 769 men. Protein expression of IGF1R, IR and ERG (i.e. a surrogate of ERG fusion genes) were assayed by immunohistochemistry. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for clinical characteristics. Among patients, 29% had strong tumor IGF1R expression and 10% had strong IR expression. During a mean follow-up of 13.2 years through 2012, 80 men (11%) developed lethal disease. Tumors with strong IGF1R or IR expression showed increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and a higher prevalence of ERG. In multivariable models, strong IGF1R was associated with a borderline increased risk of lethal prostate cancer (HR 1.7; 95% CI 0.9-3.1). The association appeared greater in ERG-positive tumors (HR 2.8; 95% CI 0.9-8.4) than in ERG-negative tumors (HR 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-3.0, p-heterogeneity 0.08). There was no association between IR and lethal prostate cancer (HR 0.8; 95% CI 0.4-1.9). These results suggest that tumor IGF1R expression may play a role in prostate cancer progression to a lethal phenotype and that ERG-positive tumors may be more sensitive to IGF signaling. These data may improve our understanding of IGF signaling in prostate cancer and suggest therapeutic options for disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas U Ahearn
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sam Peisch
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Pettersson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Sinnott
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregory L Judson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Flavin
- Department of Histopathology Research, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology Research, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Center, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Machado-Neto JA, Fenerich BA, Rodrigues Alves APN, Fernandes JC, Scopim-Ribeiro R, Coelho-Silva JL, Traina F. Insulin Substrate Receptor (IRS) proteins in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e566s. [PMID: 30328953 PMCID: PMC6169455 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e566s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are a family of cytoplasmic proteins that integrate and coordinate the transmission of signals from the extracellular to the intracellular environment via transmembrane receptors, thus regulating cell growth, metabolism, survival and proliferation. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways are the best-characterized downstream signaling pathways activated by IRS signaling (canonical pathways). However, novel signaling axes involving IRS proteins (noncanonical pathways) have recently been identified in solid tumor and hematologic neoplasm models. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS2) are the best-characterized IRS proteins in hematologic-related processes. IRS2 binds to important cellular receptors involved in normal hematopoiesis (EPOR, MPL and IGF1R). Moreover, the identification of IRS1/ABL1 and IRS2/JAK2V617F interactions and their functional consequences has opened a new frontier for investigating the roles of the IRS protein family in malignant hematopoiesis. Insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS4) is absent in normal hematopoietic tissues but may be expressed under abnormal conditions. Moreover, insulin receptor substrate-5 (DOK4) and insulin receptor substrate-6 (DOK5) are linked to lymphocyte regulation. An improved understanding of the signaling pathways mediated by IRS proteins in hematopoiesis-related processes, along with the increased development of agonists and antagonists of these signaling axes, may generate new therapeutic approaches for hematological diseases. The scope of this review is to recapitulate and review the evidence for the functions of IRS proteins in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Farmacologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Bruna Alves Fenerich
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ana Paula Nunes Rodrigues Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Jaqueline Cristina Fernandes
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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22
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Insulin Receptor Substrate Suppression by the Tyrphostin NT157 Inhibits Responses to Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Insulin in Breast Cancer Cells. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:371-382. [PMID: 30229539 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling systems regulate breast cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. The insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) transduce signaling from the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and insulin receptor (InR) to mediate the biological effects of receptor activation. In breast cancer, IRS-1 plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation while IRS-2 is associated with motility and metastasis. NT157, a small-molecule tyrphostin, downregulates IRS proteins in several model systems. In breast cancer cells, NT157 treatment suppressed IRS protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to NT157 inhibited the activation of downstream signaling mediated by the IRS proteins. NT157 induced a MAPK-dependent serine phosphorylation of IRS proteins which resulted in disassociation between IRS proteins and their receptors resulting in IRS degradation. In estrogen receptor-α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D), NT157 also resulted in cytoplasmic ERα downregulation likely because of disruption of an IRS-1-IGF-IR/InR/ERα complex. NT157 decreased S phase fraction, monolayer, and anchorage-independent growth after IGF/insulin treatment in ERα+ breast cancer cells. NT157 downregulation of IRS protein expression also sensitized ERα+ breast cancer cells to rapamycin. Moreover, NT157 inhibited the growth of tamoxifen-resistant ERα+ breast cancer cells. Given that both IGF-IR and InR play a role in cancer biology, targeting of IRS adaptor proteins may be a more effective strategy to inhibit the function of these receptors.
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23
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Su SP, Flashner-Abramson E, Klein S, Gal M, Lee RS, Wu J, Levitzki A, Daly RJ. Impact of the Anticancer Drug NT157 on Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Networks. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:931-942. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Christopoulos PF, Corthay A, Koutsilieris M. Aiming for the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 system in breast cancer therapeutics. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:79-95. [PMID: 29253837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the major discoveries occurred in oncology the recent years, breast malignancies remain one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths for women in developed countries. Development of HER2-targeting drugs has been considered a breakthrough in anti-cancer approaches and alluded to the potential of targeting growth factors in breast cancer (BrCa) therapeutics. More than twenty-five years have passed since the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) system was initially recognized as a potential target candidate in BrCa therapy. To date, a growing body of studies have implicated the IGF-1 signaling with the BrCa biology. Despite the promising experimental evidence, the impression from clinical trials is rather disappointing. Several reasons may account for this and the last word regarding the efficacy of this system as a target candidate in BrCa therapeutics is probably not written yet. Herein, we provide the theoretical basis, as well as, a comprehensive overview of the current literature, regarding the different strategies targeting the various components of the IGF-1/IGF-1R axis in several pathophysiological aspects of BrCa, including the tumor micro-environment and cancer stemness. In addition, we review the rationale for targeting the IGF-1 system in the different BrCa molecular subtypes and in treatment resistant breast tumors with a focus on both the molecular mechanisms and on the clinical perspectives of such approaches in specific population subgroups. We also discuss the future challenges, as well as, the development of novel molecules and strategies targeting the system and suggest potential improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis F Christopoulos
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Erlandsson MC, Töyrä Silfverswärd S, Nadali M, Turkkila M, Svensson MND, Jonsson IM, Andersson KME, Bokarewa MI. IGF-1R signalling contributes to IL-6 production and T cell dependent inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2158-2170. [PMID: 28583713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signalling through insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is essential for cell survival, but may turn pathogenic in uncontrolled tissue growth in tumours. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the IGF-1R signalling is activated and supports expansion of the inflamed synovia. AIM In the present study, we assess if disruption of IGF-1R signalling resolves arthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical associations of IGF-1R expression in leukocytes of the peripheral blood were studied in 84 RA patients. Consequences of the IGF-1R signalling inhibition for arthritis were studied in mBSA immunised Balb/c mice treated with NT157 compound promoting degradation of insulin receptor substrates. RESULTS In RA patients, high expression of IGF-1R in leukocytes was associated with systemic inflammation as verified by higher expression of NF-kB, serum levels of IL6 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and higher pain perception. Additionally, phosphorylated IGF-1R and STAT3 enriched T cells infiltrate in RA synovia. Treatment with NT157 inhibited the phosphorylation of IGF-1R and STAT3 in synovia, and alleviated arthritis and joint damage in mice. It also reduced expression of IGF-1R and despaired ERK and Akt signalling in spleen T cells. This limited IL-6 production, changed RoRgt/FoxP3 balance and IL17 levels. CONCLUSION IGF-1R signalling contributes to T cell dependent inflammation in arthritis. Inhibition of IGF-1R on the level of insulin receptor substrates alleviates arthritis by restricting IL6-dependent formation of Th17 cells and may open for new treatment strategies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Töyrä Silfverswärd
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mitra Nadali
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna Stråket 12, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Minna Turkkila
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias N D Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ing-Marie Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M E Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 480, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gröna Stråket 12, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is a well-described target in breast cancer and multiple clinical trials examining insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor have been completed. Unfortunately, monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor failed in phase III breast clinical trials for several reasons. First, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antibody therapy resulted in hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome most likely due to disruption of insulin-like growth factor-1 homeostasis and subsequent growth hormone elevation. Growth hormone elevation induces insulin resistance, hence a subsequent elevation of insulin and the potential for activation of insulin receptor. Second, the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor are highly homologous in amino acid sequence, structure, and function. These two receptors bind insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-2, to regulate glucose uptake and other cellular functions. Hybrid receptors composed of one chain of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor also participate in signaling. Third, since all the monoclonal antibodies were specific for insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, any pathophysiologic role for insulin receptor was not inhibited. While the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors effectively inhibited both insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor, these drugs are not being further developed likely due to their metabolic toxicities. Insulin-like growth factor-1/2 neutralizing antibodies are still being studied in early phase clinical trials. Perhaps a more comprehensive strategy of targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor network would be successful. For example, targeting receptor, ligand and downstream signaling molecules such as phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase or particularly the insulin receptor substrate adapter proteins might result in a complete blockade of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/insulin receptor biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roudy Chiminch Ekyalongo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Douglas Yee
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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27
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de Melo Campos P, Machado-Neto JA, Eide CA, Savage SL, Scopim-Ribeiro R, da Silva Souza Duarte A, Favaro P, Lorand-Metze I, Costa FF, Tognon CE, Druker BJ, Olalla Saad ST, Traina F. IRS2 silencing increases apoptosis and potentiates the effects of ruxolitinib in JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6948-59. [PMID: 26755644 PMCID: PMC4872760 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recurrent V617F mutation in JAK2 (JAK2V617F) has emerged as the primary contributor to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, the lack of complete response in most patients treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, indicates the need for identifying pathways that cooperate with JAK2. Activated JAK2 was found to be associated with the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in non-hematological cells. We identified JAK2/IRS2 binding in JAK2V617F HEL cells, but not in the JAK2WT U937 cell line. In HEL cells, IRS2 silencing decreased STAT5 phosphorylation, reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis; these effects were enhanced when IRS2 silencing was combined with ruxolitinib. In U937 cells, IRS2 silencing neither reduced cell viability nor induced apoptosis. IRS1/2 pharmacological inhibition in primary MPN samples reduced cell viability in JAK2V617F-positive but not JAK2WT specimens; combination with ruxolitinib had additive effects. IRS2 expression was significantly higher in CD34+ cells from essential thrombocythemia patients compared to healthy donors, and in JAK2V617F MPN patients when compared to JAK2WT. Our data indicate that IRS2 is a binding partner of JAK2V617F in MPN. IRS2 contributes to increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis in JAK2-mutated cells. Combined pharmacological inhibition of IRS2 and JAK2 may have a potential clinical application in MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João A Machado-Neto
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Samantha L Savage
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Renata Scopim-Ribeiro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Current address: Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Silva Souza Duarte
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Favaro
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irene Lorand-Metze
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina E Tognon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro - Unicamp, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Sangue, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Current address: Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Takatani T, Shirakawa J, Roe MW, Leech CA, Maier BF, Mirmira RG, Kulkarni RN. IRS1 deficiency protects β-cells against ER stress-induced apoptosis by modulating sXBP-1 stability and protein translation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28177. [PMID: 27378176 PMCID: PMC4932502 DOI: 10.1038/srep28177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is among several pathological features that underlie β-cell failure in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Adaptor proteins in the insulin/insulin-like-growth factor-1 signaling pathways, such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and IRS2, differentially impact β-cell survival but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that β-cells deficient in IRS1 (IRS1KO) are resistant, while IRS2 deficiency (IRS2KO) makes them susceptible to ER stress-mediated apoptosis. IRS1KOs exhibited low nuclear accumulation of spliced XBP-1 due to its poor stability, in contrast to elevated accumulation in IRS2KO. The reduced nuclear accumulation in IRS1KO was due to protein instability of Xbp1 secondary to proteasomal degradation. IRS1KO also demonstrated an attenuation in their general translation status in response to ER stress revealed by polyribosomal profiling. Phosphorylation of eEF2 was dramatically increased in IRS1KO enabling the β-cells to adapt to ER stress by blocking translation. Furthermore, significantly high ER calcium (Ca2+) was detected in IRS1KO β-cells even upon induction of ER stress. These observations suggest that IRS1 could be a therapeutic target for β-cell protection against ER stress-mediated cell death by modulating XBP-1 stability, protein synthesis, and Ca2+ storage in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomozumi Takatani
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael W Roe
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Colin A Leech
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bernhard F Maier
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Hu X, Garcia C, Fazli L, Gleave M, Vitek MP, Jansen M, Christensen D, Mulholland DJ. Inhibition of Pten deficient Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer by Targeting of the SET - PP2A Signaling axis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15182. [PMID: 26563471 PMCID: PMC4643319 DOI: 10.1038/srep15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PP2A signaling axis regulates multiple oncogenic drivers of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We show that targeting the endogenous PP2A regulator, SET (I2PP2A), is a viable strategy to inhibit prostate cancers that are resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. Our data is corroborated by analysis of prostate cancer patient cohorts showing significant elevation of SET transcripts. Tissue microarray analysis reveals that elevated SET expression correlates with clinical cancer grading, duration of neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) and time to biochemical recurrence. Using prostate regeneration assays, we show that in vivo SET overexpression is sufficient to induce hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Knockdown of SET induced significant reductions in tumorgenesis both in murine and human xenograft models. To further validate SET as a therapeutic target, we conducted in vitro and in vivo treatments using OP449 - a recently characterized PP2A-activating drug (PAD). OP449 elicits robust anti-cancer effects inhibiting growth in a panel of enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Using the Pten conditional deletion mouse model of prostate cancer, OP449 potently inhibited PI3K-Akt signaling and impeded CRPC progression. Collectively, our data supports a critical role for the SET-PP2A signaling axis in CRPC progression and hormone resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Hu
- The 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Consuelo Garcia
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Marilyn Jansen
- Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Dale Christensen
- Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David J Mulholland
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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30
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Abstract
Preclinical studies in the 1980s defined a role for IGF signaling in the development and sustainability of the malignant process. Subsequently, antibody, tyrosine kinase, and ligand inhibitors of the IGF receptor were manufactured. In the past decade, numerous clinical trials have tested the efficacy of IGF receptor inhibitors in the treatment of advanced tumors. Early-phase trials in heavily pretreated populations showed promise with complete or partial responses in a few patients and stable disease in many more. Unfortunately, the results of the early-phase trials did not pan out to later-phase trials. The lack of use of biomarkers to define subsets of patients that may benefit from IGF receptor blockade and compensatory signaling via other growth factor receptors such as the insulin, GH, and epidermal growth factor receptors may have played a role in the lack of efficacy of IGF receptor inhibition in phase III trials. Although these trials failed to show benefit, the trials have revealed previously unknown knowledge regarding the complex nature of IGF signaling. The knowledge obtained from these trials will be useful in designing future trials studying inhibitors of growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Beckwith
- Departments of Medicine (H.B., D.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.Y.) and Masonic Cancer Center (D.Y.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Douglas Yee
- Departments of Medicine (H.B., D.Y.) and Pharmacology (D.Y.) and Masonic Cancer Center (D.Y.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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31
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Flashner-Abramson E, Klein S, Mullin G, Shoshan E, Song R, Shir A, Langut Y, Bar-Eli M, Reuveni H, Levitzki A. Targeting melanoma with NT157 by blocking Stat3 and IGF1R signaling. Oncogene 2015; 35:2675-80. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Garofalo C, Capristo M, Mancarella C, Reunevi H, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Preclinical Effectiveness of Selective Inhibitor of IRS-1/2 NT157 in Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:74. [PMID: 26029165 PMCID: PMC4429561 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and young adults. Several studies have confirmed the involvement of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the regulation of OS cell proliferation and differentiation as well as in the protection of cells from chemotherapy. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 is a critical mediator of IGF-1R signaling, and we recently reported that its overexpression in OS cells increases proliferation, migration, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of NT157, a selective inhibitor of IRS-1/2, in a panel of OS cells. A strong dose-dependent inhibition of growth was observed in the MG-63, OS-19, and U-2OS OS cell lines, displaying IC50 values at sub-micromolar doses after 72 h of treatment. Exposure to NT157 elicited dose- and time-dependent decreases in IRS-1 levels. Moreover, a protein analysis showed that the degradation of IRS-1 inhibited the activation of principal downstream mediators of the IGF pathway. NT157 significantly affected the cells' migratory ability, as confirmed by a wound-healing assay. The inhibitor induced cytostatic effects, as evidenced by G2/M cell cycle arrest, and did not affect apoptosis. Consequently, NT157 was combined with drugs used to treat OS in order to capitalize on its therapeutic potential. Simultaneous treatments were made in association with chemotherapeutic agents in a fixed ratio for 72 h and cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Synergistic or addictive effects with respect to single agents are expressed as the combination index. Significant synergistic effects were obtained with several targeted drugs, such as Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, and NVP-BEZ235, a dual inhibitor of PI-3K/mTOR. Overall, these findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of a selected inhibitor of IRS-1/2 NT157 in OS cells, displaying a promising approach based on the targeting of IRS-1 combined with other therapies for the treatment of this pediatric solid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garofalo
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Capristo
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Mancarella
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Piero Picci
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Katia Scotlandi, Experimental Oncology Laboratory, CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Rizzoli Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna 40136, Italy,
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