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Qin X, Ning W, Liu H, Liu X, Luo W, Xia N. Stepping forward: T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2361-2377. [PMID: 38828136 PMCID: PMC11143529 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies are specifically designed to bind to tumor-associated antigens, thereby engaging with CD3 on the T cell receptor. This linkage between tumor cells and T cells actively triggers T cell activation and initiates targeted killing of the identified tumor cells. These antibodies have emerged as one of the most promising avenues within tumor immunotherapy. However, despite success in treating hematological malignancies, significant advancements in solid tumors have yet to be explored. In this review, we aim to address the critical challenges associated with T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies and explore novel strategies to overcome these obstacles, with the ultimate goal of expanding the application of this therapy to include solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry–Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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2
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Kamperschroer C, Guffroy M, Shen A, Dokmanovich M, Stubbs M, O'Donnell LM. Nonclinical Investigation of Cytokine Mitigation Strategies for T-cell-Engaging Bispecifics in the Cynomolgus Macaque. J Immunother 2024; 47:160-171. [PMID: 38562119 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
SUMMARY T-cell-directed cancer therapies such as T-cell-engaging bispecifics (TCBs) are commonly associated with cytokine release syndrome and associated clinical signs that can limit their tolerability and therapeutic benefit. Strategies for reducing cytokine release are therefore needed. Here, we report on studies performed in cynomolgus monkeys to test different approaches for mitigating cytokine release with TCBs. A "priming dose" as well as subcutaneous dosing reduced cytokine release compared with intravenous dosing but did not affect the intended T-cell response to the bispecific. As another strategy, cytokines or cytokine responses were blocked with an anti-IL-6 antibody, dexamethasone, or a JAK1/TYK2-selective inhibitor, and the effects on toxicity as well as T-cell responses to a TCB were evaluated. The JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor and dexamethasone prevented CRS-associated clinical signs on the day of TCB administration, but the anti-IL-6 had little effect. All interventions allowed for functional T-cell responses and expected damage to target-bearing tissues, but the JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor prevented the upregulation of activation markers on T cells, suggesting the potential for suppression of T-cell responses. Our results suggest that short-term prophylactic dexamethasone treatment may be an effective option for blocking cytokine responses without affecting desired T-cell responses to TCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy Shen
- Preclinical Safety, Research and Development, Sanofi
| | | | - Makeida Stubbs
- Pfizer Inc., Clinical Development and Operations, Groton, CT
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3
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Philippova J, Shevchenko J, Sennikov S. GD2-targeting therapy: a comparative analysis of approaches and promising directions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371345. [PMID: 38558810 PMCID: PMC10979305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Disialoganglioside GD2 is a promising target for immunotherapy with expression primarily restricted to neuroectodermal and epithelial tumor cells. Although its role in the maintenance and repair of neural tissue is well-established, its functions during normal organism development remain understudied. Meanwhile, studies have shown that GD2 plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Its functions include proliferation, invasion, motility, and metastasis, and its high expression and ability to transform the tumor microenvironment may be associated with a malignant phenotype. Structurally, GD2 is a glycosphingolipid that is stably expressed on the surface of tumor cells, making it a suitable candidate for targeting by antibodies or chimeric antigen receptors. Based on mouse monoclonal antibodies, chimeric and humanized antibodies and their combinations with cytokines, toxins, drugs, radionuclides, nanoparticles as well as chimeric antigen receptor have been developed. Furthermore, vaccines and photoimmunotherapy are being used to treat GD2-positive tumors, and GD2 aptamers can be used for targeting. In the field of cell therapy, allogeneic immunocompetent cells are also being utilized to enhance GD2 therapy. Efforts are currently being made to optimize the chimeric antigen receptor by modifying its design or by transducing not only αβ T cells, but also γδ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophages. In addition, immunotherapy can combine both diagnostic and therapeutic methods, allowing for early detection of disease and minimal residual disease. This review discusses each immunotherapy method and strategy, its advantages and disadvantages, and highlights future directions for GD2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Jin X, Yang GY. Pathophysiological roles and applications of glycosphingolipids in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101241. [PMID: 37524133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are major amphiphilic glycolipids present on the surface of living cell membranes. They have important biological functions, including maintaining plasma membrane stability, regulating signal transduction, and mediating cell recognition and adhesion. Specific GSLs and related enzymes are abnormally expressed in many cancer diseases and affect the malignant characteristics of tumors. The regulatory roles of GSLs in signaling pathways suggest that they are involved in tumor pathogenesis. GSLs have therefore been widely studied as diagnostic markers of cancer diseases and important targets of immunotherapy. This review describes the tumor-related biological functions of GSLs and systematically introduces recent progress in using diverse GSLs and related enzymes to diagnose and treat tumor diseases. Development of drugs and biomarkers for personalized cancer therapy based on GSL structure is also discussed. These advances, combined with recent progress in the preparation of GSLs derivatives through synthetic biology technologies, suggest a strong future for the use of customized GSL libraries in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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5
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Ivasko SM, Anders K, Grunewald L, Launspach M, Klaus A, Schwiebert S, Ruf P, Lindhofer H, Lode HN, Andersch L, Schulte JH, Eggert A, Hundsdoerfer P, Künkele A, Zirngibl F. Combination of GD2-directed bispecific trifunctional antibody therapy with Pd-1 immune checkpoint blockade induces anti-neuroblastoma immunity in a syngeneic mouse model. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1023206. [PMID: 36700232 PMCID: PMC9869131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite advances in treating high-risk neuroblastoma, 50-60% of patients still suffer relapse, necessitating new treatment options. Bispecific trifunctional antibodies (trAbs) are a promising new class of immunotherapy. TrAbs are heterodimeric IgG-like molecules that bind CD3 and a tumor-associated antigen simultaneously, whereby inducing a TCR-independent anti-cancer T cell response. Moreover, via their functional Fc region they recruit and activate cells of the innate immune system like antigen-presenting cells potentially enhancing induction of adaptive tumor-specific immune responses. Methods We used the SUREK trAb, which is bispecific for GD2 and murine Cd3. Tumor-blind trAb and the monoclonal ch14.18 antibody were used as controls. A co-culture model of murine dendritic cells (DCs), T cells and a neuroblastoma cell line was established to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the T cell effector function in vitro. Expression of immune checkpoint molecules on tumor-infiltrating T cells and the induction of an anti-neuroblastoma immune response using a combination of whole cell vaccination and trAb therapy was investigated in a syngeneic immunocompetent neuroblastoma mouse model (NXS2 in A/J background). Finally, vaccinated mice were assessed for the presence of neuroblastoma-directed antibodies. We show that SUREK trAb-mediated effective killing of NXS2 cells in vitro was strictly dependent on the combined presence of DCs and T cells. Results Using a syngeneic neuroblastoma mouse model, we showed that vaccination with irradiated tumor cells combined with SUREK trAb treatment significantly prolonged survival of tumor challenged mice and partially prevent tumor outgrowth compared to tumor vaccination alone. Treatment led to upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (Pd-1) on tumor infiltrating T cells and combination with anti-Pd-1 checkpoint inhibition enhanced the NXS2-directed humoral immune response. Conclusion Here, we provide first preclinical evidence that a tumor vaccination combined with SUREK trAb therapy induces an endogenous anti-neuroblastoma immune response reducing tumor recurrence. Furthermore, a combination with anti-Pd-1 immune checkpoint blockade might even further improve this promising immunotherapeutic concept in order to prevent relapse in high-risk neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marie Ivasko
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Anders
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Grunewald
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Launspach
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Klaus
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Schwiebert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Ruf
- Trion Research, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Holger N. Lode
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lena Andersch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hundsdoerfer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Department of Pediatrics, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Zirngibl
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt – Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Felix Zirngibl,
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6
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Espinosa-Cotton M, Cheung NKV. Bispecific antibodies for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108241. [PMID: 35830901 PMCID: PMC10351215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) are a new generation of antibody-based therapy, conveying artificial specificity to polyclonal T cells or radiohaptens. These drugs have been successfully implemented to cure hematologic malignancies and are under clinical investigation for solid tumors including HRNB. BsAbs designed to engage T cells or increase the therapeutic index of radiotherapy hold the potential to significantly improve the long-term survival of HRNB patients by shrinking bulky tumors and more effectively eliminating micrometastases and preventing relapse. BsAbs can also be used to arm T cells, yielding a product analogous to CAR T cells, possibly with an improved safety profile. A thoughtful and realistic integration of these therapies into the standard of care should benefit more patients worldwide. Here we describe the history of development of BsAbs for HRNB, which dates back almost three decades. We discuss the merits and pitfalls of all relevant BsAbs, including T cell-engagers and agents used for radioimmunotherapy, highlighting the importance of structural design and interdomain spacing for anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, NY 10065, New York.
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, NY 10065, New York
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7
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Middelburg J, Kemper K, Engelberts P, Labrijn AF, Schuurman J, van Hall T. Overcoming Challenges for CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:287. [PMID: 33466732 PMCID: PMC7829968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer with CD3-bispecific antibodies is an approved therapeutic option for some hematological malignancies and is under clinical investigation for solid cancers. However, the treatment of solid tumors faces more pronounced hurdles, such as increased on-target off-tumor toxicities, sparse T-cell infiltration and impaired T-cell quality due to the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which affect the safety and limit efficacy of CD3-bispecific antibody therapy. In this review, we provide a brief status update of the CD3-bispecific antibody therapy field and identify intrinsic hurdles in solid cancers. Furthermore, we describe potential combinatorial approaches to overcome these challenges in order to generate selective and more effective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Middelburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Kristel Kemper
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Patrick Engelberts
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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8
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Morcos PN, Li J, Hosseini I, Li CC. Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology of T-Cell Engaging Bispecifics: Current Perspectives and Opportunities. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:75-85. [PMID: 32882099 PMCID: PMC7877841 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell directing/engaging bispecifics (TDBs) enable a powerful mode of action by activating T-cells through the creation of artificial immune synapses. Their pharmacological response involves the dynamic inter-relationships among T-cells, tumor cells, and TDBs. This results in complex and challenging issues in understanding pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, target engagement, and exposure-response relationship. Dosing strategy plays a crucial role in determining the therapeutic window of TDBs because of the desire to maximize therapeutic efficacy in the context of known mechanism-related adverse events, such as cytokine release syndrome and neurological adverse events. Such adverse events are commonly reported as the most prominent events during the initial treatment cycles and dissipate over time. Therefore, the kinetic characterization of the inter-relationships between exposure/target engagement and safety/efficacy outcomes is crucial in designing the optimal dosing regimen to maximize the benefit/risk of TDB agents. In this review, we discuss the key clinical pharmacological considerations in drug discovery and development for TDBs and provide a summary of TDBs currently in clinical development. We also propose forward-looking perspectives and opportunities to derive insights through quantitative clinical pharmacology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Morcos
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Roche, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Iraj Hosseini
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Roche, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chi-Chung Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech, Roche, South San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Kholodenko IV, Kalinovsky DV, Doronin II, Deyev SM, Kholodenko RV. Neuroblastoma Origin and Therapeutic Targets for Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7394268. [PMID: 30116755 PMCID: PMC6079467 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7394268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid cancer of heterogeneous clinical behavior. The unique features of this type of cancer frequently hamper the process of determining clinical presentation and predicting therapy effectiveness. The tumor can spontaneously regress without treatment or actively develop and give rise to metastases despite aggressive multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has become one of the most promising approaches to the treatment of neuroblastoma. Still, only one drug for targeted immunotherapy of neuroblastoma, chimeric monoclonal GD2-specific antibodies, is used in the clinic today, and its application has significant limitations. In this regard, the development of effective and safe GD2-targeted immunotherapies and analysis of other potential molecular targets for the treatment of neuroblastoma represents an important and topical task. The review summarizes biological characteristics of the origin and development of neuroblastoma and outlines molecular markers of neuroblastoma and modern immunotherapy approaches directed towards these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Daniel V. Kalinovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Igor I. Doronin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Real Target LLC, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Roman V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
- Real Target LLC, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia
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10
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Deppisch N, Ruf P, Eißler N, Lindhofer H, Mocikat R. Potent CD4+ T cell-associated antitumor memory responses induced by trifunctional bispecific antibodies in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4520-4529. [PMID: 27966460 PMCID: PMC5354850 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial approaches of immunotherapy hold great promise for the treatment of malignant disease. Here, we examined the potential of combining an immune checkpoint inhibitor and trifunctional bispecific antibodies (trAbs) in a preclinical melanoma mouse model using surrogate antibodies of Ipilimumab and Catumaxomab, both of which have already been approved for clinical use. The specific binding arms of trAbs redirect T cells to tumor cells and trigger direct cytotoxicity, while the Fc region activates accessory cells eventually giving rise to a long-lasting immunologic memory. We show here that T cells redirected to tumor cells by trAbs strongly upregulate CTLA-4 expression in vitro and in vivo. This suggested that blocking of CTLA-4 in combination with trAb treatment enhances T-cell activation in a tumor-selective manner. However, when mice were challenged with melanoma cells and subsequently treated with antibodies, there was only a moderate beneficial effect of the combinatorial approach in vivo with regard to direct tumor destruction in comparison to trAb therapy alone. By contrast, a significantly improved vaccination effect was obtained by CTLA-4 blocking during trAb-dependent immunization. This resulted in enhanced rejection of melanoma cells given after pre-immunization. The improved immunologic memory induced by the combinatorial approach correlated with an increased humoral antitumor response as measured in the sera and an expansion of CD4+ memory T cells found in the spleens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Deppisch
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Peter Ruf
- Trion Research GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nina Eißler
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Mocikat
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
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11
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Perez Horta Z, Goldberg JL, Sondel PM. Anti-GD2 mAbs and next-generation mAb-based agents for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:1097-117. [PMID: 27485082 PMCID: PMC5619016 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated efficacy in the clinic, becoming an important approach for cancer immunotherapy. Due to its limited expression on normal tissue, the GD2 disialogangloside expressed on neuroblastoma cells is an excellent candidate for mAb therapy. In 2015, dinutuximab (an anti-GD2 mAb) was approved by the US FDA and is currently used in a combination immunotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Here, we review the extensive preclinical and clinical development of anti-GD2 mAbs and the different mechanisms by which they mediate tumor cell killing. In addition, we discuss different mAb-based strategies that capitalize on the targeting ability of anti-GD2 mAbs to potentially deliver, as monotherapy, or in combination with other treatments, improved antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob L Goldberg
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics & Genetics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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