1
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Wickenberg M, Mercier R, Yap M, Walker J, Baker K, LaPointe P. Hsp90 inhibition leads to an increase in surface expression of multiple immunological receptors in cancer cells. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1334876. [PMID: 38645275 PMCID: PMC11027010 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1334876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone important for maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in the cell. Hsp90 inhibitors are being explored as cancer therapeutics because of their ability to disrupt proteostasis. Inhibiting Hsp90 increases surface density of the immunological receptor Major Histocompatibility Complex 1 (MHC1). Here we show that this increase occurs across multiple cancer cell lines and with both cytosol-specific and pan-Hsp90 inhibitors. We demonstrate that Hsp90 inhibition also alters surface expression of both IFNGR and PD-L1, two additional immunological receptors that play a significant role in anti-tumour or anti-immune activity in the tumour microenvironment. Hsp90 also negatively regulates IFN-γ activity in cancer cells, suggesting it has a unique role in mediating the immune system's response to cancer. Our data suggests a strong link between Hsp90 activity and the pathways that govern anti-tumour immunity. This highlights the potential for the use of an Hsp90 inhibitor in combination with another currently available cancer treatment, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which works to prevent immune evasion of cancer cells. Combination checkpoint inhibitor therapy and the use of an Hsp90 inhibitor may potentiate the therapeutic benefits of both treatments and improve prognosis for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Wickenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Megan Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Walker
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristi Baker
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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2
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Mayer MP, Blair L, Blatch GL, Borges TJ, Chadli A, Chiosis G, de Thonel A, Dinkova-Kostova A, Ecroyd H, Edkins AL, Eguchi T, Fleshner M, Foley KP, Fragkostefanakis S, Gestwicki J, Goloubinoff P, Heritz JA, Heske CM, Hibshman JD, Joutsen J, Li W, Lynes M, Mendillo ML, Mivechi N, Mokoena F, Okusha Y, Prahlad V, Repasky E, Sannino S, Scalia F, Shalgi R, Sistonen L, Sontag E, van Oosten-Hawle P, Vihervaara A, Wickramaratne A, Wang SXY, Zininga T. Stress biology: Complexity and multifariousness in health and disease. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:143-157. [PMID: 38311120 PMCID: PMC10939078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Preserving and regulating cellular homeostasis in the light of changing environmental conditions or developmental processes is of pivotal importance for single cellular and multicellular organisms alike. To counteract an imbalance in cellular homeostasis transcriptional programs evolved, called the heat shock response, unfolded protein response, and integrated stress response, that act cell-autonomously in most cells but in multicellular organisms are subjected to cell-nonautonomous regulation. These transcriptional programs downregulate the expression of most genes but increase the expression of heat shock genes, including genes encoding molecular chaperones and proteases, proteins involved in the repair of stress-induced damage to macromolecules and cellular structures. Sixty-one years after the discovery of the heat shock response by Ferruccio Ritossa, many aspects of stress biology are still enigmatic. Recent progress in the understanding of stress responses and molecular chaperones was reported at the 12th International Symposium on Heat Shock Proteins in Biology, Medicine and the Environment in the Old Town Alexandria, VA, USA from 28th to 31st of October 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Laura Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- Biomedical Research and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Department of Surgery, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- CNRS, UMR 7216, 75250 Paris Cedex 13, Paris, France; Univeristy of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire DHU PROTECT, Paris, France
| | - Albena Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Sotirios Fragkostefanakis
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Jason Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer A Heritz
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Christine M Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hibshman
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jenny Joutsen
- Department of Pathology, Lapland Central Hospital, Lapland Wellbeing Services County, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Michael Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Marc L Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nahid Mivechi
- Molecular Chaperone Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Fortunate Mokoena
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Veena Prahlad
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elizabeth Repasky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Reut Shalgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Emily Sontag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | | | - Anniina Vihervaara
- Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anushka Wickramaratne
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shawn Xiang Yang Wang
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, VCU Comprehensive Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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3
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Cao Y, Shen Q, Ding M, Chen Y, Lu W, Zhu S. Development of HSP90 inhibitors-SN38 conjugates for cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106582. [PMID: 37156134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Presently, chemotherapy remains to be one of the most important therapeutic approaches for malignant tumors. Ligands based drug conjugates are showing considerable promise as potential therapeutic agents delivery systems for cancer. Here, a series of HSP90 inhibitors-SN38 conjugates were developed through cleavable linkers for tumor-specific delivery of SN38 and reducing its side effects. In vitro assays showed that these conjugates exhibited acceptable stability in PBS and plasma, appreciable HSP90 binding affinity, and potent cytotoxic abilities. Cellular uptake behaviors also indicated that these conjugates could selectively target cancer cells in a time-dependent manner via HSP90. Among them, compound 10b with a glycine linkage exhibits appreciable in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles, and excellent in vivo antitumor activity in Capan-1 xenograft models, demonstrating the selective targeting and accumulation of the active payload at tumor sites. Above all, these results suggest that compound 10b has the potential as a potent anticancer drug, meriting further evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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4
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He T, Zhu S, Lu W. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamides as HSP90 inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:239-248. [PMID: 35429283 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a promising anticancer drug target, which could be employed to construct HSP90 inhibitors-based drug conjugates for selective tumor therapy. Herein, a series of 4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamides were rationally designed, synthesized as HSP90 inhibitors, and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-MS. Preliminary HSP90 binding assay showed that compounds 6b, 6l, 6m, 6n, 6t, and 6u exhibited significant HSP90α binding affinity. Among these selected compounds, 6u displayed the most potent anti-proliferative activities and particularly in Capan-1 cell line. Molecular modeling studies also confirmed possible mode of interaction between 6u and the binding sites of HSP90 by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Above all, these encouraging data indicated that 6u could be used as a HSP90 inhibitor for further study and helped the recognition of the 4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)benzamide motif as a new scaffold for HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Mattinzoli D, Cacioppo M, Ikehata M, Armelloni S, Alfieri CM, Castellano G, Barilani M, Arcudi F, Messa P, Prato M. Carbon dots conjugated to SN38 for improved colorectal anticancer therapy. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100286. [PMID: 36186846 PMCID: PMC9523396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CTP-11) is one of the standard therapies for colorectal cancer (CRC). CTP-11 is enzymatically converted to the hydrophobic 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), a one hundred-fold more active metabolite. Conjugation of hydrophobic anticancer drugs to nanomaterials is a strategy to improve their solubility, efficacy, and selectivity. Carbon dots (CDs) have garnered interest for their small sizes (<10 nm), low toxicity, high water solubility, and bright fluorescence. This paper describes the use of CDs to improve drug vehiculation, stability, and chemotherapeutic efficiency of SN38 through a direct intracellular uptake in CRC. The covalent conjugation of SN38 to CDs via a carbamate bond provides a CD-SN38 hybrid material for slow, sustained, and pH-responsive drug release. CD-SN38 successfully penetrates the CRC cells with a release in the nucleus affecting first the cell cycle and then the cytoskeleton. Moreover, CD-SN38 leads to a deregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), one of the major components of the cancer niche considered a possible target therapy for reducing the cancer progression. This work shows the combined therapeutic and imaging potential of CD-based hybrid materials for the treatment of CRC. Future efforts for targeted therapy of chronic diseases characterized by altered ECM deposition, such as chronic kidney disease and chronic allograft nephropathy in kidney transplant patients are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mattinzoli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, Milan, 20122, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Michele Cacioppo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Alfieri
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Della Commenda 15, Milan, 20122, Italy
- University of Study of Milan, Via Festa Del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author. University of Study of Milan, via Festa Del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Della Commenda 15, Milan, 20122, Italy
- University of Study of Milan, Via Festa Del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Barilani
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Cell Factory, Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Della Commenda 15, Milan, 20122, Italy
- University of Study of Milan, Via Festa Del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste, 34127, Italy.
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6
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Cimino SK, Ciombor KK, Chakravarthy AB, Bailey CE, Hopkins MB, Geiger TM, Hawkins AT, Eng C. Safety considerations with new treatment regimens for anal cancer. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 20:889-902. [PMID: 33900857 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2021.1915281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Anal cancer is a rare malignancy, but incidence rates are rising. Primary chemoradiation is the standard of care for early disease with surgery reserved for salvage. Despite success in terms of survival, patients suffer significant morbidity. Research is underway to advance the field and improve outcomes for these patients.Areas covered: This review aims to discuss the safety and efficacy of new approaches to treat anal cancer. A literature search was performed from January 1950 through November 2020 via PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to obtain data from ongoing or published studies examining new regimens for the treatment of anal cancers. Pertinent topics covered include miniature drug conjugates, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitor combinations, and novel immunomodulators.Expert opinion: Based on emerging clinical data, the treatment paradigm for anal cancer is likely to shift in the upcoming years. One of the largest areas of investigation is the field of immunotherapy, which may emerge as an integral component of anal cancer for all treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Cimino
- Department of Pharmacy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen K Ciombor
- Department of Medicine: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Bapsi Chakravarthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christina E Bailey
- Department of Surgery: Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Benjamin Hopkins
- Department of Surgery: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy M Geiger
- Department of Surgery: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander T Hawkins
- Department of Surgery: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cathy Eng
- Department of Medicine: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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7
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Patel TK, Adhikari N, Amin SA, Biswas S, Jha T, Ghosh B. Small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs): an emerging strategy for anticancer drug design and discovery. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of how SMDCs work. Small molecule drugs are conjugated with the targeted ligand using pH sensitive linkers which allow the drug molecule to get released at lower lysosomal pH. It helps to accumulate the chemotherapeutic agents to be localized in the tumor environment upon cleaving of the pH-labile bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Patel
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Sk. Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Swati Biswas
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy
- BITS-Pilani
- Hyderabad
- India
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8
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Sanchez-Martin C, Serapian SA, Colombo G, Rasola A. Dynamically Shaping Chaperones. Allosteric Modulators of HSP90 Family as Regulatory Tools of Cell Metabolism in Neoplastic Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1177. [PMID: 32766157 PMCID: PMC7378685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones have recently emerged as fundamental regulators of salient biological routines, including metabolic adaptations to environmental changes. Yet, many of the molecular mechanisms at the basis of their functions are still unknown or at least uncertain. This is in part due to the lack of chemical tools that can interact with the chaperones to induce measurable functional perturbations. In this context, the use of small molecules as modulators of protein functions has proven relevant for the investigation of a number of biomolecular systems. Herein, we focus on the functions, interactions and signaling pathways of the HSP90 family of molecular chaperones as possible targets for the discovery of new molecular entities aimed at tuning their activity and interactions. HSP90 and its mitochondrial paralog, TRAP1, regulate the activity of crucial metabolic circuitries, making cells capable of efficiently using available energy sources, with relevant implications both in healthy conditions and in a variety of disease states and especially cancer. The design of small-molecules targeting the chaperone cycle of HSP90 and able to inhibit or stimulate the activity of the protein can provide opportunities to finely dissect their biochemical activities and to obtain lead compounds to develop novel, mechanism-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
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Perino S, Moreau B, Freda J, Cirello A, White BH, Quinn JM, Kriksciukaite K, Someshwar A, Romagnoli J, Robinson M, Movassaghian S, Cipriani T, Wooster R, Bilodeau MT, Whalen KA. Novel Miniaturized Drug Conjugate Leverages HSP90-driven Tumor Accumulation to Overcome PI3K Inhibitor Delivery Challenges to Solid Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1613-1622. [PMID: 32499300 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is considered a master regulator for cancer due to its frequent activation, making it an attractive target for pharmacologic intervention. While substantial efforts have been made to develop drugs targeting PI3K signaling, few drugs have been able to achieve the inhibition necessary for effective tumor control at tolerated doses. HSP90 is a chaperone protein that is overexpressed and activated in many tumors and as a consequence, small-molecule ligands of HSP90 are preferentially retained in tumors up to 20 times longer than in normal tissue. We hypothesize that the generation of conjugates that use a HSP90-targeting ligand and a payload such as copanlisib, may open the narrow therapeutic window of this and other PI3K inhibitors. In support of this hypothesis, we have generated a HSP90-PI3K drug conjugate, T-2143 and utilizing xenograft models, demonstrate rapid and sustained tumor accumulation of the conjugate, deep pathway inhibition, and superior efficacy than the PI3K inhibitor on its own. Selective delivery of T-2143 and the masking of the inhibitor active site was also able to mitigate a potentially dose-limiting side effect of copanlisib, hyperglycemia. These data demonstrate that by leveraging the preferential accumulation of HSP90-targeting ligands in tumors, we can selectively deliver a PI3K inhibitor leading to efficacy in multiple tumor models without hyperglycemia in mice. These data highlight a novel drug delivery strategy that allows for the potential opening of a narrow therapeutic window through specific tumor delivery of anticancer payloads and reduction of toxicity.
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10
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Zhu S, Shen Q, Gao Y, Wang L, Fang Y, Chen Y, Lu W. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of HSP90 Inhibitor–SN38 Conjugates for Targeted Drug Accumulation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5421-5441. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Qianqian Shen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yinglei Gao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Yanfen Fang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China
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11
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The deubiquitylase USP2 maintains ErbB2 abundance via counteracting endocytic degradation and represents a therapeutic target in ErbB2-positive breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2710-2725. [PMID: 32327714 PMCID: PMC7429833 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 overexpression identifies a subclass of breast cancer as ErbB2-positive that is frequently associated with poor prognosis. Current ErbB2-targeted therapies have profoundly improved patient outcomes, but mutations occurring in ErbB2 have been shown to confer drug resistance. Induction of ErbB2 degradation was proposed as an intriguing strategy to battle with ErbB2-positive breast cancer and reduced mutation-incurred drug resistance. Although multiple HSP90 inhibitors have been demonstrated to effectively trigger ErbB2 degradation, none succeeded in the clinical evaluations. To develop novel ErbB2-targeting strategies, we investigated the endocytic degradation and reversible ubiquitylation of ErbB2 in breast cancer. In this study, we reveal that HSP90 inhibition leads to efficient ubiquitylation and endocytic degradation of ErbB2 through the canonical endo-lysosomal route. USP2 associates with internalized ErbB2 and prevents its lysosomal sorting and degradation via exerting deubiquitylase activity. Accordingly, the USP2 inhibitor ML364 is capable of inducing ErbB2 ubiquitylation and accelerating its turnover. ML364 potentiates the pro-degradation effects of HSP90 inhibitors on ErbB2 and hence sensitizes ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells to HSP90 inhibition. The combination of USP2 and HSP90 inhibitors effectively restrains ErbB2-positive breast cancer xenograft growth in vivo. Based on these observations, we conclude that USP2 safeguards ErbB2 surface levels by antagonizing its ubiquitylation-mediated endocytic degradation, which can be exploited to design novel therapeutic strategies against ErbB2-driven malignancies as combinatorial treatment with HSP90 inhibitors.
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12
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Gauzy-Lazo L, Sassoon I, Brun MP. Advances in Antibody–Drug Conjugate Design: Current Clinical Landscape and Future Innovations. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:843-868. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555220912955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of potent cytotoxic molecules into cancer cells is considered a promising anticancer strategy. The design of clinically effective antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), in which biologically active drugs are coupled through chemical linkers to monoclonal antibodies, has presented challenges for pharmaceutical researchers. After 30 years of intensive research and development activities, only seven ADCs have been approved for clinical use; two have received fast-track designation and two breakthrough therapy designation from the Food and Drug Administration. There is continued interest in the field, as documented by the growing number of candidates in clinical development. This review aims to summarize the most recent innovations that have been applied to the design of ADCs undergoing early- and late-stage clinical trials. Discovery and rational optimization of new payloads, chemical linkers, and antibody formats have improved the therapeutic index of next-generation ADCs, ultimately resulting in improved clinical benefit for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Sassoon
- Immuno-Oncology Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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13
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Biebl MM, Buchner J. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Hsp90 Machinery. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034017. [PMID: 30745292 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the maturation of a plethora of substrates ("clients"), including protein kinases, transcription factors, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, positioning Hsp90 as a central regulator of cellular proteostasis. Hsp90 undergoes large conformational changes during its ATPase cycle. The processing of clients by cytosolic Hsp90 is assisted by a cohort of cochaperones that affect client recruitment, Hsp90 ATPase function or conformational rearrangements in Hsp90. Because of the importance of Hsp90 in regulating central cellular pathways, strategies for the pharmacological inhibition of the Hsp90 machinery in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are being developed. In this review, we summarize recent structural and mechanistic progress in defining the function of organelle-specific and cytosolic Hsp90, including the impact of individual cochaperones on the maturation of specific clients and complexes with clients as well as ways of exploiting Hsp90 as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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14
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Deneka AY, Boumber Y, Beck T, Golemis EA. Tumor-Targeted Drug Conjugates as an Emerging Novel Therapeutic Approach in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1297. [PMID: 31484422 PMCID: PMC6769513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few effective therapies for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive disease representing 15% of total lung cancers. With median survival <2 years, SCLC is one of the most lethal cancers. At present, chemotherapies and radiation therapy are commonly used for SCLC management. Few protein-targeted therapies have shown efficacy in improving overall survival; immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are promising agents, but many SCLC tumors do not express ICI targets such as PD-L1. This article presents an alternative approach to the treatment of SCLC: the use of drug conjugates, where a targeting moiety concentrates otherwise toxic agents in the vicinity of tumors, maximizing the differential between tumor killing and the cytotoxicity of normal tissues. Several tumor-targeted drug conjugate delivery systems exist and are currently being actively tested in the setting of SCLC. These include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), radioimmunoconjugates (RICs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), and polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs). We summarize the basis of action for these targeting compounds, discussing principles of construction and providing examples of effective versus ineffective compounds, as established by preclinical and clinical testing. Such agents may offer new therapeutic options for the clinical management of this challenging disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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15
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Thomas A, Pommier Y. Targeting Topoisomerase I in the Era of Precision Medicine. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6581-6589. [PMID: 31227499 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Irinotecan and topotecan have been widely used as anticancer drugs for the past 20 years. Because of their selectivity as topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors that trap TOP1 cleavage complexes, camptothecins are also widely used to elucidate the DNA repair pathways associated with DNA-protein cross-links and replication stress. This review summarizes the basic molecular mechanisms of action of TOP1 inhibitors, their current use, and limitations as anticancer agents. We introduce new therapeutic strategies based on novel TOP1 inhibitor chemical scaffolds including the indenoisoquinolines LMP400 (indotecan), LMP776 (indimitecan), and LMP744, and on tumor-targeted delivery TOP1 inhibitors using liposome, PEGylation, and antibody-drug conjugates. We also address how tumor-specific determinants such as homologous recombination defects (HRD and BRCAness) and Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) expression can be used to guide clinical application of TOP1 inhibitors in combination with DNA damage response inhibitors including PARP, ATR, CHEK1, and ATM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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16
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Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Future Directions in Clinical and Translational Strategies to Improve the Therapeutic Index. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5441-5448. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Kryeziu K, Bruun J, Guren TK, Sveen A, Lothe RA. Combination therapies with HSP90 inhibitors against colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:240-247. [PMID: 30708039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene stability and homeostasis mediated by the HSP90 chaperone is a crucial protection trait of cancer cells. Therefore, HSP90 represents an attractive therapeutic target for many cancers, including colorectal cancer. Although monotherapy has limited clinical efficacy, preclinical and early-phase clinical studies indicate improved antitumor activity when HSP90 inhibitors are combined with chemotherapies or targeted agents. This may be further improved with a biomarker-guided approach based on oncogenic HSP90 clients, or stratification based on the consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer, suggesting a synergistic activity with 5-fluorouracil in preclinical models of the chemorefractory mesenchymal subtype. Furthermore, HSP90 inhibition may activate mechanisms to turn non-immunogenic tumors hot and improve their recognition by the immune system, suggesting synergy with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushtrim Kryeziu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Bruun
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Tormod K Guren
- K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anita Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Division for Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Heske CM, Mendoza A, Edessa LD, Baumgart JT, Lee S, Trepel J, Proia DA, Neckers L, Helman LJ. STA-8666, a novel HSP90 inhibitor/SN-38 drug conjugate, causes complete tumor regression in preclinical mouse models of pediatric sarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65540-65552. [PMID: 27608846 PMCID: PMC5323173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term survival in patients with metastatic, relapsed, or recurrent Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma is dismal. Irinotecan, a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, has activity in these sarcomas, but due to poor bioavailability of its active metabolite (SN-38) has had limited clinical efficacy. In this study we have evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of STA-8666, a novel drug conjugate which uses an HSP90 inhibitor to facilitate intracellular, tumor-targeted delivery of the topoisomerase 1 inhibitor SN-38, thus preferentially delivering and concentrating SN-38 within tumor tissue. We present in vivo evidence from mouse xenograft models that STA-8666 results in more persistent inhibition of topoisomerase 1 and prolonged DNA damage compared to irinotecan. This translates into superior antitumor efficacy and survival in multiple aggressive models of both diseases in mouse xenografts, as well as in an irinotecan-resistant model of pediatric osteosarcoma, demonstrated by dramatic tumor shrinkage, durable remission and prolonged complete regressions following short-term treatment, compared to conventional irinotecan. Gene expression analysis performed on xenograft tumors treated with either irinotecan or STA-8666 showed that STA-8666 affected expression of DNA damage and repair genes more robustly than irinotecan. These results suggest that STA-8666 may be a promising new agent for patients with pediatric-type sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arnulfo Mendoza
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah D Edessa
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T Baumgart
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jane Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lee J Helman
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Targeted delivery of chemotherapy using HSP90 inhibitor drug conjugates is highly active against pancreatic cancer models. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4399-4409. [PMID: 27779106 PMCID: PMC5354841 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective treatment modalities is a major problem in pancreatic cancer (PCa), a devastating malignancy that is nearly universally driven by the “undruggable” KRAS and TP53 cancer genes. Poor tumor tissue penetration is the major source of resistance in pancreatic cancer where chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. In this study we exploited the selective tumor-targeting properties of the heat shock 90 protein inhibitors as the vehicle for drug delivery to pancreatic tumor tissues. STA-12-8666 is a novel esterase-cleavable conjugate of an HSP90i and a topoisomerase I inhibitor, SN-38. STA-12-8666 selectively binds activated HSP90 and releases its cytotoxic payload resulting in drug accumulation in pancreatic cancer cells in vivo. We investigated the preclinical activity of STA-12-8666 in patient derived xenograft and genetic models of pancreatic cancer. Treatment with STA-12-8666 of the KPC mice (knock-in alleles of LSL-KrasG12D, Tp53fl/fl and Pdx1-Cre transgene) at the advanced stages of pancreatic tumors doubled their survival (49 days vs. 74 days, p=0.008). STA-12-8666 also demonstrated dramatically superior activity in comparison to equimolar doses of irinotecan against 5 patient-derived pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts with prolonged remissions in some tumors. Analysis of activity of STA-12-8666 against tumor tissues and matched cell lines demonstrated prolonged accumulation and release of cytotoxic payload in the tumor leading to DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest. Our results provide a proof-of-principle validation that HSP90i-based drug conjugates can overcome the notorious treatment resistance by utilizing the inherently high affinity of pancreatic cancer cells to HSP90 antagonists.
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20
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Deneka AY, Haber L, Kopp MC, Gaponova AV, Nikonova AS, Golemis EA. Tumor-targeted SN38 inhibits growth of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a KRas/p53 transgenic mouse model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176747. [PMID: 28453558 PMCID: PMC5409145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a 5-year survival of only ~16%. Potential strategies to address NSCLC mortality include improvements in early detection and prevention, and development of new therapies suitable for use in patients with early and late stage diagnoses. Controlling the growth of early stage tumors could yield significant clinical benefits for patients with comorbidities that make them poor candidates for surgery: however, many drugs that limit cancer growth are not useful in the setting of long-term use or in comorbid patients, because of associated toxicities. In this study, we explored the use of a recently described small molecule agent, STA-8666, as a potential agent for controlling early stage tumor growth. STA-8666 uses a cleavable linker to merge a tumor-targeting moiety that binds heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with the cytotoxic chemical SN38, and has been shown to have high efficacy and low toxicity, associated with efficient tumor targeting, in preclinical studies using patient-derived and other xenograft models for pancreatic, bladder, and small cell lung cancer. Using a genetically engineered model of NSCLC arising from induced mutation of KRas and knockout of Trp53, we continuously dosed mice with STA-8666 from immediately after tumor induction for 15 weeks. STA-8666 significantly slowed the rate of tumor growth, and was well tolerated over this extended dosing period. STA-8666 induced DNA damage and apoptosis, and reduced proliferation and phosphorylation of the proliferation-associated protein ERK1/2, selectively in tumor tissue. In contrast, STA-8666 did not affect tumor features, such as degree of vimentin staining, associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or downregulate tumor expression of HSP90. These data suggest STA-8666 and other similar targeted compounds may be useful additions to control the growth of early stage NSCLC in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y. Deneka
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- * E-mail: (EG); (AD)
| | - Leora Haber
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meghan C. Kopp
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anna V. Gaponova
- Laboratory of Genome Engineering, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Konigsberg, Russia
| | - Anna S. Nikonova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EG); (AD)
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21
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Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) chaperone machinery is a key regulator of proteostasis under both physiological and stress conditions in eukaryotic cells. As HSP90 has several hundred protein substrates (or 'clients'), it is involved in many cellular processes beyond protein folding, which include DNA repair, development, the immune response and neurodegenerative disease. A large number of co-chaperones interact with HSP90 and regulate the ATPase-associated conformational changes of the HSP90 dimer that occur during the processing of clients. Recent progress has allowed the interactions of clients with HSP90 and its co-chaperones to be defined. Owing to the importance of HSP90 in the regulation of many cellular proteins, it has become a promising drug target for the treatment of several diseases, which include cancer and diseases associated with protein misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian H Schopf
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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22
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Hendriks LEL, Dingemans AMC. Heat shock protein antagonists in early stage clinical trials for NSCLC. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:541-550. [PMID: 28274158 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1302428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cells have a higher need of chaperones than normal cells to prevent the toxic effects of intracellular protein misfolding and aggregation. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) belong to these chaperones; they are classified into families according to molecular size. Hsps are upregulated in many cancers and inhibition can inhibit tumor growth by destabilizing proteins necessary for tumor survival. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there are three different Hsp antagonist classes that are in (early) clinical trials: Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hsp27 inhibitors. Areas covered: The rationale to use Hsp inhibitors in NSCLC will be summarized and phase I-III trials will be reviewed. Expert opinion: Several Hsp90 inhibitors have been tested in phase I-III trials, until now none was positive in unselected NSCLC; therefore development of AUY922, ganetespib and retaspimycin was halted. Results seem more promising in molecularly selected patients, especially in ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Hsp27 is overexpressed in squamous NSCLC and is a mechanism of chemotherapy resistance. The Hsp27 inhibitor apatorsen is now tested in squamous NSCLC. No phase II/III data are known for Hsp70 inhibitors. Combination of Hsp inhibitors with heat shock transcription factor 1 inhibitors or focal adhesion kinase inhibitors might be of interest for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizza E L Hendriks
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for oncology and developmental biology , Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for oncology and developmental biology , Maastricht University Medical Center+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capranico
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Marinello
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- SCAI
SuperComputing Applications and Innovation Department, Cineca, Via dei Tizii 6, 00185 Rome, Italy
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24
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Gaponova AV, Nikonova AS, Deneka A, Kopp MC, Kudinov AE, Skobeleva N, Khazak V, Ogawa LS, Cai KQ, Duncan KE, Duncan JS, Egleston BL, Proia DA, Boumber Y, Golemis EA. A Novel HSP90 Inhibitor-Drug Conjugate to SN38 Is Highly Effective in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5120-5129. [PMID: 27267850 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive disease representing 12% to 13% of total lung cancers, with median survival of <2 years. No targeted therapies have proven effective in SCLC. Although most patients respond initially to cytotoxic chemotherapies, resistance rapidly emerges, response to second-line agents is limited, and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) are a major issue. This study performs preclinical evaluation of a new compound, STA-8666, in SCLC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To avoid DLT for useful cytotoxic agents, the recently developed drug STA-8666 combines a chemical moiety targeting active HSP90 (concentrated in tumors) fused via cleavable linker to SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. We compare potency and mechanism of action of STA-8666 and irinotecan in vitro and in vivo RESULTS: In two SCLC xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models, STA-8666 was tolerated without side effects up to 150 mg/kg. At this dose, STA-8666 controlled or eliminated established tumors whether used in a first-line setting or in tumors that had progressed following treatment on standard first- and second-line agents for SCLC. At 50 mg/kg, STA-8666 strongly enhanced the action of carboplatin. Pharmacokinetic profiling confirmed durable STA-8666 exposure in tumors compared with irinotecan. STA-8666 induced a more rapid, robust, and stable induction of cell-cycle arrest, expression of signaling proteins associated with DNA damage and cell-cycle checkpoints, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, in comparison with irinotecan. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results strongly support clinical development of STA-8666 for use in the first- or second-line setting for SCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5120-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Gaponova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Anna S Nikonova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alexander Deneka
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Meghan C Kopp
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.,Program in Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Alexander E Kudinov
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Natalia Skobeleva
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | | | - Kathy Q Cai
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kelly E Duncan
- Program in Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - James S Duncan
- Program in Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Brian L Egleston
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | - Yanis Boumber
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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